Patent Grant
7845805
This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application Serial No. 2006-328905 filed on Dec. 6, 2006, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Described herein is a high-pressure discharge lamp used in a projector, and especially a discharge lamp lighting apparatus for turning on a high intensity discharge lamp, such as a high-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, and a xenon lamp, and a projector using the discharge lamp lighting apparatus.
For example, in a projector for an optical device used for image display like a liquid crystal projector or a DLP (Trademark) projector, a high intensity discharge lamp (HID lamp) is used. In such a projector, light is separated into the three primary colors of red, green, and blue, i.e., by a dichroic prism etc., so that a space modulation element provided for each color generates an image of each of the three primary colors. The optical paths thereof are merged by a dichroic prism etc., so as to display a color image.
In a discharge lamp lighting apparatus for lighting a discharge lamp as described above, while voltage called a no-load open circuit voltage is impressed to a lamp at start-up, high voltage is impressed to the lamp, in order to generate dielectric breakdown in an electrical discharge space, so that the discharge state changes from glow discharge to arc discharge, and finally, the discharge lamp lighting apparatus is operated so that stable regular lighting may be realized. The lamp discharge voltage which was low, for example, about 10V, immediately after shifting to the arc discharge, goes up gradually in connection with a temperature rise, and is stabilized at fixed voltage in a lighting steady state. Usually, such a discharge lamp lighting apparatus has a converter which adjusts an output of an input power supply to a lamp discharge voltage, in order to realize a predetermined input power supplied to the lamp thereby outputting the required lamp current. Moreover, lamp voltage, i.e., output voltage of the converter, is detected, and based on this information, target lamp current is determined according to a value of the quotient which is obtained by dividing, for example, the target electric power by the detection voltage.
As types of discharge lamp driving methods, there are a direct current driving method in which a lamp is turned on by a converter, and an alternating current driving method in which periodic polarity reversals are performed by additionally providing an inverter further in the downstream side of the converter. In the case of the direct current driving method, since the light flux from the lamp is like direct current, that is, it does not change with passage of time, basically, there is a big advantage that it can be similarly applied to both types of the above-described projectors. On the other hand, in the case of the alternating current driving method, there is an advantage that growth or consumption of electrodes of the discharge lamp may be controlled, by using the flexibility of polarity-reversal frequency, which the direct current driving method does not have. On the other hand, there are disadvantages, resulting from existence of polarity reversals, that is, overshoot, instantaneous light-out at the time of polarity reversals etc., occur, thereby causing a bad influence on a display image etc.
Usually, in the alternating current driving method, transient phenomena, such as a slow change in lamp current, overshoot and oscillation, occurs every polarity reversal, due to induction components, such as a capacitance component which exists in the downstream side of an inverter, or a starting circuit. Since such a phenomenon appears in form of changes, such as, instantaneous light-out of the light flux from a lamp, overshoot, and oscillation, etc. almost as they are, when such a driving method is applied to a time dividing type projector among the above projectors, timing at which images are generated one by one in the time dividing manner, do not match timing at which the polarity is reversed in an alternating current driving method of a lamp, that is, the change appears in a display image at beat frequency, so that, there is a problem that it is very offensive to eyes of viewers, depending on the beat frequency. In order to solve the problem, the color wheel rotation is synchronized with the polarity-reversal timing of the inverter. However, the transient phenomena, such as a slow change in lamp current, or conversely overshoot or oscillation, which occurs every polarity reversal, cannot be avoided. Since it is difficult to effectively use lamp light emission at the period at which this phenomenon occurs, timing of a polarity-reversal operation of the discharge lamp lighting apparatus is adjusted, usually, in order that polarity reversal takes place at a period where the colors of the dynamic color filter are switched.
On the other hand, in order to obtain high color-reproduction performance of a display image, it is important to adjust spectrum distribution of a light source lamp and a form of conversion to the color sequential light flux, upon use of the dynamic color filter. In the case of the color wheel, it is possible to improve a color-reproduction performance or to carry out a desired color-reproduction performance by adjusting angle distribution of R, G, and B areas of the color wheel, that is, the rate of a period per rotation during which light transmits through each color area, according to the spectrum of the lamp. Depending on circumstances, in addition to the R, G, B, white (W) may be added.
For example, when using a lamp which runs short of an R component, as shown in
However, in case where a desired color-reproduction performance is obtained in such a method in a DLP system type projector, since the brightness for every color of each pixel of a display image is controlled by a duty cycle ratio control operation on each pixel of a space modulation element, there is a problem that it is difficult to carry out fine control of pixel gradation, in the color component whose light transmission time rate is reduced. In order to solve such a problem, for example, in Japanese Laid Open Patent (Tokuhyo) No. H08-505031, it is proposed that, in an image projection apparatus, a light source drive control unit which changes an output power of the light source, synchronizing with the color of an optical beam outputted from a color change unit is provided. Similarly, in Japanese Laid Open Patent No. 2004-526992, a color-display apparatus in which electric power having two levels corresponding to colors is supplied, is proposed. In short, the common feature of such technology is modulation in which a pulse is superimposed on lamp current corresponding to the filter color which is appearing in a projector. As shown in
However, as described above, even if transmission time rate is made longer so as to supplement the shortage of the color component, or even if modulation is carried out so that a pulse may be superimposed on the lamp current, there is a problem that has not been solved. Although in a discharge lamp, at least at time of arc discharge, electrons which jump out of a cathode due to thermionic emission reach an anode, and then unnecessary kinetic energy is released, between the electrodes of the discharge lamp, much more heat is generated, i.e., a thermal load is large, in the anode than the cathode since the released kinetic energy is transformed into heat energy. In a discharge lamp which is operated in an alternating current driving method, the relation of the cathode and anode is switched every time polarity reversal takes place between the two electrodes.
In conditions in
On the other hand under condition in
In addition, although the example in which a period from polarity reversal to the following polarity reversal is extended in the polarity-reversal phase corresponding to the R component, and the example in which lamp current is increased, are shown above, a period from polarity reversal to the following polarity reversal may be changed similarly in the polarity-reversal phases corresponding to the other color or two or more color components. The situation is the same even when the lamp current is changed by the modulation, or even when the length of time from polarity reversal to the following polarity reversal is changed in addition to the modulation of the lamp current.
For this reason, for example, as proposed in Japanese Laid Open Patent No. 2006-227440, in a discharge lamp lighting apparatus, the number of times of the polarity reversals in an operation of one cycle of a color wheel whose number of the colors is even, is controlled to odd number of times. Moreover, it is proposed that a way of modulation of lamp current is adjusted so as to restrict the conditions so that integrated current values of both polar in an operation of one cycle of the color wheel are substantially the same. However, in the proposed method, although there is no problem as to the unbalance of the thermal load of the electrodes, a lamp has to be turned on under the restricted condition which is out of the desired operation condition, so that there is a problem that flexibility of the lamp lighting operation conditions is restricted.
According to the embodiments described herein, in a discharge lamp lighting apparatus which is operated in an alternating current driving method in which polarity reversal is repeated, in case the length of time from time of polarity reversal to the following polarity reversal is changed periodically, or the lamp current is changed periodically by modulation, even when the number of times of the polarity reversals in an operation of at least one cycle in the discharge lamp lighting apparatus is even, it is possible to solve the problem that unbalance of thermal load between these two electrode of the discharge lamp occurs, without restricting the flexibility of the way of the changes.
A discharge lamp lighting apparatus for lighting a discharge lamp, comprises an inverter which reverses a polarity of an output voltage and applies alternating voltage to the discharge lamp, and an inverter control circuit which generates an inverter control signal defining a polarity reversal operation of the inverter, based on a polarity reversal timing signal, wherein when the number of polarity reversals in one cycle of the polarity reversal timing signal is even, the inverter control circuit intermittently performs a first operation in which successive pulse-like part of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal is disregarded by odd number of times.
In the discharge lamp lighting apparatus, a periodical modulation may be performed on lamp current flowing through the discharge lamp, synchronizing with the polarity reversal timing signal.
The discharge lamp lighting apparatus may further include an initialization information demodulation circuit which determines whether the polarity reversal timing signal is modulated and specifies a phase in one cycle of the polarity reversal timing signal, wherein when the initialization information demodulation circuit receives the polarity reversal timing signal and determines that the polarity reversal timing signal is modulated, a count value of a polarity reversal phase track counter is initialized in order to hold the phase of the one cycle of the polarity reversal signal.
In the discharge lam lighting apparatus, a second operation in which successive parts of the polarity-reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal is disregarded by even number of times, may be performed between the first operation in which the successive pulse-like part of the polarity-reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal is disregarded by odd number of times, and a third operation subsequent to the first operation, in which successive pulse-like part of the polarity-reversal operation based on the inserted polarity reversal timing signal is disregarded by odd number of times.
Further, a projector for projecting an image by using light flux generated from a discharge lamp, wherein the discharge lamp is lighted by a discharge lamp lighting apparatus, the discharge lamp lighting apparatus comprising: an inverter which reverses a polarity of an output voltage and applies alternating voltage to the discharge lamp; and an inverter control circuit which generates an inverter control signal defining a polarity reversal operation of the inverter, based on a polarity reversal timing signal, wherein when the number of polarity reversals in one cycle of the polarity reversal timing signal is even, the inverter control circuit intermittently performs a first operation in which successive pulse-like part of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal is disregarded by odd number of times.
In the projector, the image is projected by using color sequential light flux converted by a dynamic color filter, and the polarity reversal timing signal is generated depending on a color of the color sequential light flux.
Thus, even a period from time of polarity reversal to the following polarity reversal is changed periodically, or the lamp current is changed periodically by modulation, it is possible to offer a discharge lamp lighting apparatus or a projector capable of solving the problem that unbalance of thermal load between these two electrode of the discharge lamp occurs, without restricting the flexibility of the way of the changes.
Other features and advantages of the present discharge lamp lighting apparatus and a projector will be apparent from the ensuing description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
First, an embodiment of the present invention will be described, referring to
A starter (Us) for starting the electric discharge is connected to the discharge lamp (Ld). Although this figure shows a so-called external trigger type discharge lamp in which high voltage is impressed to an auxiliary electrode (Et) provided outside the enclosure of the discharge lamp (Ld), the type of trigger of the discharge lamp is not significant to the essence of the embodiment. That is, it is possible to use, for example, a trigger system in which a high-voltage pulse generating circuit is provided in series to the electrodes (E1, E2) for main discharge, so that high-voltage pulse is impressed to the electrodes, or a trigger system in which high voltage generated by resonance, is impressed the electrodes.
A polarity-reversal timing signal (So) which determines polarity-reversal timing of the inverter (Ui) is inputted into an inverter control circuit (Uf). Inverter control signals (Sf1, Sf2) which determine a polarity-reversal operation of the inverter (Ui) based on the polarity-reversal timing signal (So) are generated. For example, when a color wheel shown in
However, in the embodiment, the inverter control circuit (Uf) inserts intermittently an operation which disregards the polarity-reversal operation at odd number of times based on the polarity-reversal timing signal (So). For example, in
Compared with the waveform shown in
Moreover, for example, when the color wheel shown in
As compared with the waveform shown in
Although the case of the polarity-reversal phases (phases R) with the long period from polarity reversal to the following polarity reversal as in
In addition, since the degree of change of the lamp current by modulation or the degree of a change of a time length from polarity reversal to the following polarity reversal is infinite in variety, it is possible to experimentally suitably determine the frequency of the intermittent insertion operation in which the successive pulse-like parts of the polarity-reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) are disregarded by odd number of times. For example, a pair of electrodes of a discharge lamp (Ld), each of which has a projection at its tip is arranged at an interval of 2.0 mm or less so as to face each other. In case of a high-pressure mercury lamp in which mercury of 0.2 mg/mm3 or more and halogen of 10−6 to 10−2 μmol/mm3 is enclosed, and a discharge lamp lighting apparatus according to the embodiment whose time interval from polarity reversal of an output to the following polarity reversal is 0.5-8.3 msec (milliseconds), when the successive pulse-like parts of the polarity-reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) are disregarded by odd number of times, the time interval of intermit insertion of the operation can be selected from the range of 10 milliseconds to 120 seconds.
Moreover, between the operation in which the successive pulse-like parts of the polarity-reversal operation based on the inserted polarity reversal timing signal (So) are disregarded by odd number of times, and the next operation in which the successive pulse-like parts of the polarity-reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) are disregarded by odd number of times, an operation in which the successive parts of the polarity-reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is disregarded by even number of times may be inserted.
Furthermore,
In
In addition, by inserting an operation in which parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) are disregarded by even number of times in the polarity-reversal phases (phases R) with the long period from polarity reversal to the following polarity reversal or the polarity reversal phases in which the current increase modulation is carried out (phases R), these states of appearance are not switched even where the lamp current (IL′) is positive or the lamp current (IL′) is negative. However, for example, that is useful in case where one cycle at a low frequency is inserted (as shown in FIG. 4 of Japanese Laid Open Patent No. 2006-59790) or in case where a half cycle ((a) of FIG. 6 of Japanese Laid Open Patent No. 2006-59790) is inserted.
That is, in
Furthermore, in
In addition, a period (Tf1) during which the polarity reversal does not take place, is formed by disregarding the successive specific parts (a11, a12, a13) of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) by odd number of times, can be used as one half cycle at the low frequency to be inserted, and similarly, the polarity in a period formed next time, during which the polarity reversal does not take place, is reversed from that in the period (Tf1) so that it can be used as the other half cycle of the low frequency to be inserted. In addition, in
As can be understood easily from
In addition, when applying the technology described in Japanese Laid Open Patent No. 2006-59790 which is described above, as can understand easily from the Japanese Laid Open Patent, for example, a pair of electrodes of a discharge lamp (Ld), each of which has a projection at its tip is arranged at an interval of 2.0 mm or less so as to face each other. In case of a high-pressure mercury lamp in which mercury of 0.2 mg/mm3 or more and halogen of 10−6 to 10−2 μmol/mm3 is enclosed, and a discharge lamp lighting apparatus according to the embodiment whose time interval from polarity reversal of an output to the following polarity reversal is 0.5 to 8.3 msec (milliseconds), the period (Tf1, Tf2, Tf3, Tf3′, Tf5, Tf6 and Tf7, Tf7′) during which the polarity reversal does not take place, and which is formed by the operation in which the successive pulse-like parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is disregarded by odd number of times or even number of times, may be selected from a range of 2.5 to 100 milliseconds, and the time interval in case of intermittently inserting the disregarding operation is selected from a range of 10 milliseconds to 120 seconds.
An original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) generated in the original inverter polarity signal generation circuit (Ufr) is inputted into the inverter polarity register (Ufs). Since the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is inputted into the original inverter polarity signal generation circuit (Ufr), the original inverter polarity signal generation circuit (Ufr) can generate the original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) according to the history of the polarity reversal timing signal (So).
A polarity reversal timing signal (So2) which is approximately equivalent to the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is inputted into the inverter polarity register (Ufs) as a data setting clock pulse. For this reason, when the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is received, the inverter control circuit (Uf) holds the value of the original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) which has been inputted by the time immediately before the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is received, and outputs the value as the inverter polarity signal (Sfs). Therefore, the original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) which is determined when the original inverter polarity signal generation circuit (Ufr) receives the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is set in the inverter control circuit (Uf) as the inverter polarity signal (Sfs) when the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is received next time. After all, it turns out that this circuit can control the polarity-reversal operation of the inverter (Ui) based on the history of the polarity reversal timing signal (So).
By the way, the polarity reversal timing signal (So2) is generated by combining the polarity reversal timing signal (So) and the polarity reversal timing compliment signal (So1) generated in a timing signal complement circuit (Ufm) in an OR gate (A31). When the polarity reversal timing signal (So) which should be transmitted from an image processing section of a projector is lost, since the lamp for alternating current lighting is turned on by direct current whereby the lamp is damaged. Therefore, the timing-signal complement circuit (Ufm) checks continuously whether the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is inputted as a pulse signal which has a proper time interval. If the pulse signal is not inputted, the polarity-reversal timing compliment signal (So1) is outputted as a substitution signal, in order to avoid the direct current lighting of the lamp. In addition, the OR gate (A31) may be used as a data selector which chooses either the polarity reversal timing signal (So) or the polarity-reversals timing compliment signal (So1).
As long as the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is inputted normally, since the inverter polarity signal (Sfs) is renewed by the inverter polarity register (Ufs), synchronizing with the polarity reversal timing signal (So), significant delay from reception of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) or jitter does not occur. Therefore, since the original inverter polarity signal generation circuit (Ufr) or the timing-signal complement circuit (Ufm) does not require a high-speed operation, a microprocessor can be used therefor. Thus, there is an advantage that any number of complicated functions can be added to the original inverter polarity signal generation circuit (Ufr) without a complicated circuit arrangement, when the original inverter polarity signal generation circuit (Ufr) is configured using a microprocessor.
In the original inverter polarity signal generation circuit (Ufr), the intermittent insertion of the operation in which the successive pulse-like parts of a polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) are disregarded by odd number of times, can be easily realized, according to the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) which is an input signal. That is, the original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) for reversal is generated, every time the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is received, until the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into a first predetermined count value. If the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into the first predetermined count value, the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is cleared, and until the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into a second predetermined count value, the reversal operation of the original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) is stopped. If the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into the second predetermined count value, the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is cleared. And the sequence may be configured so as to return to a state of waiting for the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turning into the first predetermined count value, while original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) which is reversed every time the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is received, is generated.
Here, the first predetermined count value corresponds to the number of parts of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) in a period between the inserted operation in which pulse-like parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) are disregarded by odd number of times and the next inserted operation in which pulse-like parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is disregarded by odd number of times. The second predetermined count value corresponds to the number of the successive parts of the disregarded polarity reversal timing signal (So), whose number of times is odd.
In addition to the intermittently inserted operation in which the pulse-like parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) are disregarded by odd number of times, in order to realize an operation in which parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is disregarded by even number of times, the operation may be carried out based on first, second, third and forth predetermined count values, similarly to the operation based on the first and second count values. That is, until the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into the first predetermined count value, the original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) which is reversed every time the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is received, is generated. If the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into the first predetermined count value, the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is cleared, and the reversal operation of the original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) is stopped until the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into the second predetermined count value. If the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into the second predetermined count value, the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is cleared, and the original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) which is reversed every time the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is received, is generated until the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into the third predetermined count value. If the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into the third predetermined count value, the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is cleared, the reversal operation of the original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) is stopped until the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into the fourth predetermined count value. If the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turns into the fourth predetermined count value, the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is cleared, and the above-mentioned sequence may be configured so as to return to a state of waiting for the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) turning into the first predetermined count value, while original inverter polarity signal (Sfr) which is reversed every time the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is received, is generated.
Here, the first predetermined count value corresponds to the number of parts of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) in a period between the inserted operation in which the parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is disregarded by even number of times and the next inserted operation in which the pulse-like parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) are disregarded by odd number of times. The second predetermined count value corresponds to the number of parts of the disregarded successive pulse-like parts of the polarity reversal timing signal (So), whose number of times is odd. The third predetermined count value corresponds to the number of parts of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) in a period between the inserted operation in which the pulse-like parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) are disregarded by odd number of times and the next inserted operation in which the parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is disregarded by even number of times. The fourth predetermined count value corresponds to the number of parts of the successive parts of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) to be disregarded by even number of times.
Moreover, a modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) is also inputted into the original inverter polarity signal generation circuit (Ufr) if needed. For example, the original inverter polarity signal generation circuit (Ufr) has a phase track holding structure which is the same as that for a count value Nkc inside thereof. By the count value of the polarity reversal timing signal (So), the information of a color which appears on the dynamic color filter at that time can be tracked. And based on this color information if needed, it is possible to configure the structure so as to determine whether the polarity should be maintained or the polarity should be reversed, thereby determining and outputting a new original inverter polarity signal (Sfr).
In addition, in case where the switching elements (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) is MOSFETs, a parasitism diode whose forward direction is from a source terminal toward a drain terminal is built in the element itself (not shown). However, in case where a bipolar transistor in which a parasitism diode like does not exist, is used therefor, since there is a possibility that the element may be damaged by generation of reverse voltage at the above-mentioned switching time or during the dead time, when the induced current resulting from the inductance component which exists in the downstream side of the inverter (Ui) will flow, it is desirable to connect a diode equivalent to a parasitism diode in reverse-parallel. In addition, a capacitor (Cpt) is may be installed, when protecting the switching elements (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) from surge voltage etc.
In addition, when the switching element (Qx) is in an ON state, while the smoothing capacitor (Cx) is directly changed and current is supplied to the discharge lamp (Ld) which is load, by the current which flows through the switching element (Qx), energy is stored in the choke coil (Lx) in form of magnetic flux. When the switching element (Qx) is in an OFF state, the smoothing capacitor (Cx) is charged through a flywheel diode (Dx) and current is supplied to the discharge lamp (Ld) by energy stored in the choke coil (Lx) in the form of magnetic flux.
In the step down chopper type power supply circuit (Ux), electric power supplied to the discharge lamp can be adjusted by the ratio of the period of an ON state of the switching element (Qx) to an operation cycle of the switching element (Qx), that is, a duty cycle ratio. Here, the gate driving signal (Sg) which has a certain duty cycle ratio is generated by an electric supply control circuit (Fx), and turning on and off the current from the DC power source (Mx) is controlled by controlling the gate terminal of the switching element (Qx) through a gate driving circuit (Gx).
Lamp current (absolute value) which flows between the electrodes (E1, E2) of the discharge lamp (Ld), and lamp voltage (absolute value) generated between electrodes (E1, E2) are detected by a lamp current detection unit (Ix) and a lamp voltage detection unit (Vx), respectively. In addition, the lamp current detection unit (Ix) may be formed by using a shunt resistor, and the lamp voltage detection (Vx) may be easily formed by using a voltage dividing resistor.
The lamp current detection signal (Si) obtained from the lamp current detection unit (Ix) and the lamp voltage detection signal (Sv) obtained from the lamp voltage detection unit (Vx) are inputted into the electric supply control circuit (Fx). The electric supply control circuit (Fx) a gate driving signal (Sg) in a feedback manner in a period when the lamp current does not flow at the time of lamp start-up, so that predetermined voltage may be outputted, in order to impress a no-load open circuit voltage to the lamp. When the lamp is initialed and the discharge current flows, the gate driving signal (Sg) is generated in a feedback manner so that target lamp current may be outputted. The target lamp current depends on the voltage of the discharge lamp (Ld), and is based on a value according to which the electric power supplied to the discharge lamp (Ld) turns into predetermined electric power. However, since the voltage of the discharge lamp (Ld) is low immediately after start-up so that rated power cannot be supplied, the target lamp current is controlled not to exceed a fixed limit value which is called an initial limit current. And if the voltage of the discharge lamp (Ld) rises with a temperature rise, and current required for a predetermined electric power turns into below the initial limit current, it smoothly shifts to the state where the above-mentioned predetermined electric power is realizable.
In addition, although the step down chopper circuit is shown as the power supply circuit (Ux), a converter for converting input electric power into voltage/current suitable for supplying electric power to the discharge lamp, for example, a step up chopper circuit etc. can be used. The form of the power supply circuit is not the essence of the present invention.
And when the value of the conversion lamp current detection signal (Si′) is smaller than that of the lamp current target signal (St), feedback control of the output of the gate driving signal (Sg) to the power supply circuit (Ux) is carried out, so that the lamp current (IL) may increase, and conversely, when the value of the conversion lamp current detection signal (Si′) is larger than the lamp current target signal (St), feedback control of the output of the gate driving signal (Sg) to the power supply circuit (Ux) is carried out so that the lamp current (IL) may decrease, whereby the conversion lamp current detection signal (Si′) and the lamp current target signal (St) are in agreement. Moreover, in the modulation of lamp current, for example, when the modulation signal (Sm) is changed and the gain of the lamp current detection signal converter (Ai) decreases in a state where the conversion lamp current detection signal (Si′) and the lamp current target signal (St) are in agreement so that feedback control is attained, the power supply capacity control circuit (Ud) determines that the value of the conversion lamp current detection signal (Si′) is too small, so that the output of the gate driving signal (Sg) is controlled so as to increase the lamp current (IL). The modulation function of the lamp current according to the modulation signal (Sm) is realized by such an operation.
On the other hand, a lamp voltage detection signal (Sv) is inputted into an electric power control circuit (Up). The electric power control circuit (Up) has a function which updates the lamp current target signal (St) so that a load electric power value PL supplied to the discharge lamp (Ld) may turn into a predetermined target electric power value PT by using a lamp voltage detection signal (Sv). Thus, since the electric supply control circuit (Fx) is configured in such a manner, the discharge lamp lighting apparatus can carry out modulation on lamp current according to the modulation signal (Sm), while starting the discharge lamp (Ld), and maintaining electric discharge with predetermined electric power.
In addition, the structure of an example of the electric power control circuit (Up) will be described below. The lamp voltage detection signal (Sv) is inputted into an A-D converter provided in the electric power control circuit (Up), and is converted into the digital lamp voltage data which have a suitable number of digits, so as to input it into a microprocessor unit. Here, the microprocessor unit includes an IO controller for inputs and outputs of a CPU, a program memory, a data memory, a clock pulse generating circuit, a time counter, and a digital signal etc. The microprocessor unit generates original lamp current target data based on the conditional judgments according to calculation referred to the lamp voltage data, or the state of the system at the time. For example, the value of the lamp current (IL) for attaining rated power is calculated by dividing the constant corresponding to the rated power by the lamp voltage data, and the original lamp current target data is generated as data corresponding to this value. However, as is generated immediately after start-up, on the conditions on which the acquired calculation value which is obtained by the division exceeds a value equivalent to the maximum value ILmax of the lamp current (IL), a value which is equivalent to the maximum value ILmax is set up as the original lamp current target data, instead of the calculation value. The original lamp current target data is converted into the analog lamp current target signal (St) by a digital-to-analog converter.
Although the lamp current modulation circuit (Um) generates the modulation signal (Sm) synchronizing with the polarity reversal timing signal (So), since the information for specifying that each part of the received polarity reversal timing signal (So) corresponds to which phase in one cycle is required, a modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) is inputted. For example, when a color wheel shown in
However, when the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) is received, the count value Nkc is initialized so as to be set as, for example, zero (0).
The lamp current modulation circuit (Um) is configured so that the modulation signal (Sm) may be generated according to the count value Nkc of the polarity reversal phase track counter (Ukc). For example, 0, 1, 2, and 3 of the count value Nkc are made to correspond to B, R, G, and W of the color of a color wheel, respectively. When the count value Nkc is 0, 1, 2, and 3, the values of the modulation signal (Sm) suitable for B, R, G and W respectively are generated.
Such a lamp current modulation circuit (Um) can be configured by using a commercially available general purpose IC etc.
In such an lamp current modulation circuit (Um), after the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) is activated and then the polarity reversal phase track counter (Ukc) is initialized, every time the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is activated, the count value Nkc of the polarity reversal phase track counter (Ukc) is incremented. One of the registers (UmrA, UmrB, - - - ) corresponding to the count value Nkc is selected by the decoder (Ukd), and the data currently held at the connected registers (UmrA, UmrB, - - - ) is outputted as the modulation signal (Sm). Functions and an operation of the lamp current modulation circuit (Um), as described above, can be suitably configured by software and a microprocessor, instead of using a general purpose IC etc.
In addition, in
Since the output of the operational amplifier (Aai), is divided by combined resistance of a resistor (Rfc), a resistor (Rac), and resistors which are in parallel connected to the resistor (Rac) and the ground, and is inputted to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (Aai), in which the gain of the noninversion amplifying circuit is determined by this voltage division ratio. Since switching elements (Z0, Z1, Z2) (transistors) are provided respectively, between the resistors (Ra0, Ra1, Ra2) connected in parallel to the resistor (Rac) and the ground, and since the resistors (Ra0, Ra1, Ra2) are electrically connected or disconnected when the switching elements (Z0, Z1, Z2) are turned on or off, respectively, it is possible to change the gain of this non-inversion amplifying circuit.
Since base terminals of the switching elements (Z0, Z1, Z2), are connected to respective modulation signals (M0, M1, M2) through the respective base resistors (Rm0, Rm1, Rm2), an ON/OFF state of each switching element (Z0, Z1, Z2), is controlled, corresponding to the truth/false of each bit of the modulation signal (M0, M1, M2), so that it is possible to change the gain of the non-inversion amplifying circuit based on combination of the truth and false of each bit of the modulation signal (M0, M1, M2).
In the relations of the resistors (Ra0, Ra1, Ra2), by setting up the resistance of the resistor (Ra0) twice the resistance of resistor (Ra1), and the resistance of the resistor (Ra1) twice the resistance of the resistor (Ra2), it is possible to change the gain of this non-inversion amplifying circuit as binary number data of three bits in which the modulation signal (M0) is set as the least significant bit, and the modulation signal (M2) is set as the most significant bit. However, there are no direct relation between the binary number data and the gain of the non-inversion amplifying circuit. In addition, although the case of a triplet is shown as an example, the number of bits is increased or decreased if needed and it can form similarly here.
Moreover, when the modulation signal (Sm) is changed and the gain of the lamp current target signal converter (At) increases, in a state where the lamp current detection signal (Si) and the conversion lamp current target signal (St′) are in agreement so that feedback control is attained, the power supply capacity control circuit (Ud) determines that the value of the lamp current detection signal (Si) is too small, so that the output of the gate driving signal (Sg) is controlled so as to increase the lamp current (IL). The modulation function of the lamp current according to the modulation signal (Sm) is realized by such an operation.
Moreover, the lamp current target signal converter (At) can be realized by a non-inverting amplifier in which the gain is variable according to a combination of truth and false of each bit of the modulation signal (M0, M1, M2). In particular, what is necessary is just to replace Ai with At, Si with St, and Si′ with St′, respectively, in
Although, as the circuit of the lamp current detection signal converter (Ai) or the lamp current target signal converter (At), which can carry out the modulation on the gain, an example in which the amplification factor of the non-inverting amplifier which is an operational amplifier is variable, is shown. The form of the circuit is not to the essence of the present invention, as long as it is a converter which can carry out modulation on gain. For example, a circuit which is mainly made up of an inverting amplifier, or a circuit in which an amplifier is not used but, for example, divided voltage ratio of dividing resistors is variable, can be used. Moreover, in case of carrying out the modulation on gain according to data having gradation which is made up of a multiple bit digital signal, for example, it can also be formed by an IC for DA conversion or by using a ladder resistor network.
In addition, as described above, in case the electric power control circuit (Up) outputs an analog lamp current target signal (St) by converting the digital original lamp current target data to the analog lamp current target signal (St) by a digital-to-analog converter, instead of multiplying a lamp current target signal (St) by the gain of a lamp current target signal converter (At) so as to generate a conversion lamp current target signal (St′), the original lamp current target data may be generated as if desired modulation is carried out, and A/D conversion may be carried out thereon so as to generate a conversion lamp current target signal (St′). However, in such a case, it is desirable to increase the dynamic range by using a converter having resolution of, for example, 12 bits or 16 bits etc. bits, for a digital-to-analog converter etc.
For example, when modulation is carried out so that lamp current may be increased in a certain polarity reversal phase, since lamp current is not constant (lamp voltage is not strictly constant, either), if an average load electric power value is controlled so as to be equal to the target electric power value PT, it is necessary to acquire an average load electric power value by measurement etc. As such methods, there may be a method of calculating an average value from instant measurement values of the lamp voltage (VL) and lamp current (IL) in an electric power control circuit (Up), a method of calculating an average value from the typical measurement value of lamp voltage, and the instant measurement value of lamp current, or a method of calculating an average value from the typical measurement value of lamp voltage and the typical measurement value of lamp current etc. As the method of obtaining the typical measurement value of lamp voltage (VL) and lamp current (IL), there may be a method of measuring the instant value of the lamp voltage or lamp current in a certain polarity reversal phase, or for example, a method of generating and measuring an analog-average signal by a low pass filter, such as a CR circuit, etc. However, since a high-speed processing is needed when the average is calculated from instant measurement value by the A-D converter and a microprocessor of the electric power control circuit (Up), the method of obtaining typical measurement value becomes advantageous in many cases.
In the above explanation about the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop), the path through which the signal (Sop) is transmitted from the generating element is not described in concrete form. Although a path independent of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) may be provided so as to transmit the signal (Sop), if the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) is transmitted through the same path as that for the polarity reversal timing signal (So), it is possible to reduce the number of signal lines. Therefore, when the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) is activated, the modulation is, for example, carried out on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) in the image-processing section of the projector and the modulated signal (So) is sent therethrough. However, please note that the “modulation” described here is different from the “modulation” which is carried on brightness of a discharge lamp, in terms of an object on which the modulation is carried out.
An arbitrary modulation method can be used therefor as long as it is possible to easily recognize whether or not modulation has been carried out on the polarity reversal timing signal (So), that is, if the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) can be easily reproduced by demodulation. For example, in case where the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is transmitted in form of a signal with a short pulse width and a long pulse width, when a signal with the pulse width longer than regular time width is received, the received signal is processed as the polarity reversal timing signal (So), and conversely, when a signal with a short pulse width is received, the signal is recognized as a signal on which the modulation has been carried out so that it is possible to demodulate the received signal, regarding it as the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) which is received with the polarity reversal timing signal (So).
Another modulation method in which modulation is carried out on the polarity reversal timing signal (So). For example, in case where the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is transmitted in form of a single pulse and in form of two or more pulses, when only one pulse is received in a predetermined period, the received signal is processed as the polarity reversal timing signal (So), and conversely, when two or more pulses are received within the predetermined period, the signal is recognized as a signal on which the modulation is carried out so that it is possible to demodulate the received signal as the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) which is received with the polarity reversal timing signal (So).
In addition, as described above, when the lamp current modulation circuit (Um) is configured by using a microprocessor, it is suitable to configure the initialization information demodulation circuit (Uod) by using the microprocessor, too. In such a structure according to the embodiment, it is possible to adjust the cycle of appearance of color sequential light flux, and the cycle of a modulation pattern, without providing a modulation cycle initialization signal, independently.
The image processing unit (Ox) of the projector generates a signal (Soc) corresponding to the appearing color information of the dynamic color filters (Of) based on a pulse count value from a sensor such as a rotary encoder, or an initial detection of the rotational angle and a time passage count value etc., and based on the signal (Soc), generates a modulation switching timing signal (So) so as to transmit it to the discharge lamp lighting apparatus (Ex). Necessity is accepted at this time, In order identify a phase in one cycle of the polarity reversal timing signal (So), the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) is generated so as to be transmitted to the discharge lamp lighting apparatus (Ex), or modulation is carried out on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) to be transmitted to the discharge lamp lighting apparatus (Ex). In the above example shown in
At the present day, as a source of a video signal which may be inputted into a projector, there are various devices, such as a player of a personal computer, a videotape player, a DVD player and a TV tuner. Further, since these are two or more standards of such a video signal, such as NTSC and PAL, it is necessary for an image processing section provided in a projector to flexibly change mode of operation according to the kind of inputted picture signal. In order to demonstrate better image representation capacity especially with respect to change of a frame rate (the number of times of renewal of an image frame per unit time), the frequency of a dynamic color filter is sometimes set up to be twice or three times as high as a frame rate under a certain conditions. Moreover, brightness is more important than the capability of the color representation capacity of a color when a projector is used for presentations. However, the capability of the color representation is more important than brightness when it is used for a video image for viewers, such as a movie. Thus, since the suitable modes of an image processing operation differ from one another when a projector is used for the respective cases, it is necessary to change the modes of the image processing operation by switching the operation in addition to change of the source of a video signal.
To such a change of mode of the image processing operation, the even number and odd number in the number of times of the polarity reversals in one cycle of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) can be changed. For example, although, in transition of one color to an adjoining color of a dynamic color filter (Of), the image-processing section of a projector may generate the polarity reversal timing signal (So), with a change of the mode of an image processing operation, the polarity reversal timing signal (So) may be controlled so as not to be generated. Or, for example, although in the middle of the area of one certain color in the dynamic color filter (Of), the image-processing section of the projector may generate the polarity reversal timing signal (So), with a change of the mode of an image processing operation, the polarity reversal timing signal (So) may be controlled so as not to be generated.
As described above, when the number of times of the polarity reversals in one cycle of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is odd number of times, although the problem of the unbalance of the thermal load in two electrodes of the discharge lamp does not occur, in this case, since there is no problem even if an operation in which pulse-like parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is disregarded by odd number of times is intermittently inserted according to the embodiment, the embodiment may be usually applied thereto regardless of whether the number of times of the polarity reversals in one cycle of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is even or odd.
Moreover, since it is possible to specify the phase in one cycle of the polarity reversal timing signal (So), based on the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) sent from the image-processing section of a projector, or based on the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) generated by the initialization information demodulation circuit (Uod) from the polarity reversal timing signal (So) on which the modulation is carried out. In the discharge lamp lighting apparatus according to the embodiment, it is possible to determine whether the number of times of the polarity reversals in one cycle of the polarity reversal timing signal (So) is even, or odd, by counting the number of the polarity reversal timing signals (So) after the modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) is received until the following modulation cycle initialization signal (Sop) is received. Therefore, when it is determined that the number is even, the operation in which pulse-like parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the above mentioned polarity reversal timing signal (So) is disregarded by odd number of times is intermittently inserted. On the contrary, when it is determined that the number is odd, the intermittent operation in which the pulse-like parts of the polarity reversal operation based on the polarity reversal timing signal (So) are disregarded by odd number of times may not be inserted.
In this specification, the circuit structures are described at minimum, in order to explain the operations and the functions of the light source apparatuses according to the embodiment. Therefore, details of the circuit structures or the operations are determined at time of the design thereof. That is, for example, determinations of the polarity of signals, or originality and creativity, such as selections, additions, or omissions of concrete circuit elements, convenience of procurements of elements, or changes based on economic reasons are premised on being carried out at the time of the design of actual apparatus.
The mechanism for especially protecting circuit elements, such as switching elements (for example, FET) of a power supply apparatus, from breakage factors, such as an overvoltage, and overcurrent, or overheating, or the mechanism for reducing a radiation noise or a conduction noise, generated with an operation of the circuit element of the power supply apparatus or preventing the generated noise from releasing to the outside, for example, a snubber circuit, and a varistor, a clamp diode, a current restriction circuit (including a pulse by pulse system), a noise filter choke coil of a common mode, or normal mode, a noise filter capacitor, etc. are premised on being added to each part of circuit arrangement shown in the embodiments if needed. The structure of the discharge lamp lighting apparatus is not limited to the circuits disclosed in this specification, or nor waveforms or timing charts described herein.
The preceding description has been presented only to illustrate and describe exemplary embodiments of the discharge lamp lighting apparatus and a projector according to the present invention. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to any precise form disclosed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims. The invention may be practiced otherwise than is specifically explained and illustrated without departing from its spirit or scope.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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| 2006-328905 | Dec 2006 | JP | national |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20080137041 A1 | Jun 2008 | US |
