1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to subscription-based reception of information over a computer network. More specifically, the present invention relates to the ‘podcasting’ of media.
2. Description of the Related Art
Podcasting involves syndicated distribution of multimedia content files over a network, typically the Internet. Podcasts may be played back on mobile devices or personal computers. Ordinarily, these content files contain audio or video but may also contain images, text, or other file types such as Portable Document Format (PDF).
Syndicated distribution of content is a format used to associate computer readable files that are available for delivery over a network. The syndication format is also used to provide users with information concerning the subject matter or content of files available for download. Based upon information provided through syndicated distribution, a user may decide to subscribe to delivery of one or more files. Syndication format-aware computer programs can, as a result of the subscription, automatically determine what files need to be downloaded to a subscribing user and then automatically download such files as they become available.
A feed is an association amongst files specified in accordance with a syndication format. A feed is generally used to associate files according to criteria specified by a publisher of the content. Files associated with a feed, for example, may represent episodes of a program in a manner similar to episodes of a television or radio program (i.e., episodic media).
A feed may include a list of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) by which episodes of a show may be accessed over the Internet. A content provider may post a feed on a web server. This location (i.e., the web server) may be referred to as the feed Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) or feed URL. A feed is ordinarily updated each time a new episodic media (e.g., a new episode or media file) is published and made available. Alternatively, a feed may be associated with files based upon more arbitrary criteria such as files corresponding to the favorite songs of a particular blogger.
The Real Simple Syndication (RSS) and Atom formats are two examples of popular feed formats. The RSS format is an example of a simple Extensible Markup Language (XML) based format that allows users to subscribe to content available for download from network sites such as websites on the Internet. An RSS feed includes an association of files using the RSS format. An Atom feed, in turn, operates in a fashion similar to that of the RSS format and includes an association of files using the Atom format.
A computer program known as an aggregator, which may sometimes be referred to as a ‘podcatcher’ or podcast receiver, is used to subscribe to and manage subscriptions to feeds. Upon execution of the aggregator program, application, or module by a processor at a computing device, the aggregator monitors a set of feeds for a user. The aggregator downloads file updates (e.g., new episodes) at a specified interval, for example, every two hours to the extent file updates are available. A downloaded file, such as an episode of a television show, can then be played, replayed, and/or archived.
RSS, as noted above, is an example of an XML-based feed format that allows users to subscribe to content provided by their favorite websites. Using RSS, a webmaster can host content in a standard file format such as mp4 or mp3. The content can then be consumed and organized through RSS-aware software such as the aforementioned aggregator application.
In accordance with the RSS 2.0 standard, the web address of a file such as a media file may be contained in an enclosure tag of an item in an XML file. In a similar regard, two constituent elements of a typical RSS feed are the channel element and the item element. Both the channel element and the item element may include a variety of sub-elements; the item element is, in many instances, a sub-element of the channel element. A channel may contain any number of items. An item may be complete in and of itself as inclusion of elements in an item are optional. The following list exemplifies some RSS channel elements with a brief description and example of each element.
Podcasting provides a superior paradigm for delivery of information over computer networks. As podcasting has become an increasingly established format for the delivery of audio and video content over the Internet, podcasting has likewise created the need for new mechanisms that operate to the mutual benefit of content owners and consumers. An example of such a need and one that remains unmet by the current state of the art is media metric discovery and reporting.
When a video is played online using a web browser, media usage is measured on the connected web server and within the browser embedded media player. In one example involving the Flash media player, Javascript code embedded within the web page is typically in communication with an online analytics engine such as Google Analytics.
Podcast media, however, is typically downloaded for time-shifted playback and off-line consumption. In these instances, a podcast video might be played using a standalone media player such as iTunes®, which does not typically support the embedding of Javascript along with the media. iTunes®, too, does not allow for playback measurements to be connected to an online analytics engine.
The growing popularity of podcasting has created a need to make downloaded media consumption more easily measurable for content owners and to create a corresponding set of consumer features around seamless sharing and discovery of podcasts.
Systems and methods for discovery and analysis of episodic media.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
Embodiments of the present invention concern a system and method for matching selected information, such as advertising information, to media content/user combinations in which information and content are delivered to a user over a network. Such embodiments may facilitate an online marketplace in which providers of media content and ad providers match ads with content and with online users who receive or subscribe to receive the content. The online marketplace may provide a venue in which content providers and advertisers can find out about the offerings of one another user profiles and preferences thereby facilitating agreement of ads with content and users.
Content providers provide media content, which may comprise sound, motion pictures, or a combination of both. A motion picture may represent real-life images or computer generated images such as video game environment. Media content may comprise music, news reports, talk shows, weather reports, traffic reports, video dips, and radio/TV like programs, which may be referred to as episodic media.
Media content may be organized into periodically updated content channels. A talk show channel, for example, may be updated with the latest interview. A weather channel may be updated with a new weather report. Content providers may use a network such as the Internet to designate criteria for associating their content with ads.
Computer Code Table A, which appears prior to the claims, identifies computer program code that may be used in the implementation of some embodiments of the present invention. The “Get Podcast” code comprises automatically generated JavaScript that can be attached to a content provider's web site to provide a link that permits visitors to the content provider's web site to easily sign up for the content subscription service, and install media player plug-in software that enhances discovery and sharing of downloaded subscription media.
Central Service Provider 105 matches ad media with content media. Matching of content media from publisher 102 may be matched with advertisement content from advertiser 101 based on the campaign rules provided by advertiser 101. For example, an advertiser may desire to have their advertisement content (e.g., for a sporting goods store) inserted only in the context of sports related content (e.g., a baseball game). The Central Service Provider 105 inserts the advertising media file within the content media file to create a newly modified, ad-infused media content file. Such insertion process may require re-encoding (e.g., transcoding) the advertising file, the content file, or both the advertising and content file to a uniform matching profile. Central Service Provider 105 may be a single operating entity or a loose affiliation of or wholly unaffiliated group of computing devices and/or software applications offering ad matching and related services.
Once a uniform matching profile is created, the content file is split into two parts: Part I and Part II. The split occurs at the location where the advertisement is to be inserted. For example, a content file may be split 1 minute from the start of a video that is 30 minutes long. Part I is now 1 minute long whereas Part II is 29 minutes in length. The end of Part I of the content file is then stitched to the beginning of the advertisement file and Part II of the content file is stitched to the end of the advertisement file thereby creating the ad-infused content file. Any number of ads can be inserted into any number of locations within a content file. As such, a content file may be split into any number of parts or segments.
Several variants of the modified content file may be created thereby addressing different types of content. For example, sporting good advertisements may be ‘stitched’ into football content whereas feminine product advertisements may be introduced into women oriented content.
Other variants may also be created through a similar re-encoding process to address compatibility for different types of devices. For example, a smaller phone screen may require a different encoding format than a file formatted for a personal computer screen. The modified content file may then be made available for delivery on a content hosting server at the Central Service Provider 105.
Modified content downloaded from a hosting server at Central Service Provider 105 may be consumed by a variety of devices with any variety of device settings. For example, content may be consumed at a personal computer (140) by a user utilizing a web browser to visit a website through entry of a URL and selecting a ‘play button’ in an embedded web media player. The user may then immediately start watching the video content file stored on a content hosting server.
Another user, however, may manually or automatically download a version of this same video file to a standalone media player (130). An example of such a standalone player is the podcast application software found in iTunes®. The user may also watch the video at a later time by downloading the file in a format for a particular mobile media device (150).
Still other users may watch content through a web-based media player embedded in a social networking site (160) such as MySpace. The social network site 160 may not actually host the content notwithstanding the fact that the content may be viewed at the site. For example, the actual host of the content may be YouTube. MySpace may operate as a portal that embeds content otherwise hosted on a YouTube server. For example, a designer of the social network site portal may use an embedded source call as follows, which not only retrieves the content from a server at the Central Service Provider 105 but also calls for the content to be rendered in a Flash media player:
But for the presently disclosed system 100, this fragmentation of audiences and media consumption behavior might otherwise be problematic for publishers 102 and advertisers 101 who each desire to seamlessly reach audiences of scale without having to deal with the intricacies and peculiarities of each platform. Such peculiarities, for example could include video formats and encoding resolution. The system 100 of
Further illustrating this disparity amongst users and means of content consumption- and thus further highlighting the benefits of the present invention-a user operating with standalone media player 130 might share a video via email 131. The recipient of the email 131 may watch the video in a web media player 140 at, for example, a website operated by the content owner. Some recipients of the email 131 could decide to download 141 the video to their standalone media player 130 while others might decide to showcase the video within a web video player on their social network profile page 160 using embedded code 143. Still others may decide to email 142 the video to their friends who would then receive the email on a mobile media device 150 such as an iPhone, which includes one or more built-in media players. A visitor to the social network site 160 may find the displayed video entertaining or informative and elect to subscribe (or immediately download) 161 to the corresponding channel in order to automatically receive subsequent and future updates of the content in their standalone media player 130. Another user, still, could bookmark 144 (or embed) the content at another site having a web media player (140) such as a personal website or a website associated with bookmarked content.
Movement of consumption of a single video multiplied by the millions of users consuming thousands of videos on tens of different platforms results in the aforementioned need for a comprehensive measuring analytics and reporting system for publishers 102 and advertisers 101. The present invention may capture media usage from a variety of media players 130, 140, 150, and 160 and corresponding content servers (e.g., servers as Central Service Provider 105) for analysis and creation of insightful reports. Such data may be stored at database 170.
Irrespective of how content is consumed, usage measurements may be made when the content is consumed. Standard web logs may provide measurements of content downloaded from the hosting servers at Central Service Provider 105. Playback logs may also be maintained and acquired from each of the aforementioned media players/device (130, 140, 150, and 160). Reports may be generated based upon all captured events and stored in aforementioned database 170.
These reports are made accessible via an online analytics and reporting portal 180. These reports may be accessed by publishers 102 and advertisers 101 to make determinations concerning the success of advertisement campaigns, the desirability of content, and the success of integrating the two forms of content (ads and entertainment/information). Portal 180 may present data from database 170 to publisher and advertiser accounts as part of a single comprehensive account in order to manage the entire information about the content as well as schedule ad campaigns.
The content and feed servers 210 may be part of the central services 105 as referenced in
Execution of the plug-in application 220, generates the aforementioned request for the RSS feed. The application 220 then transforms delivers the modified feed to the podcast application thereby resulting in the addition of a channel subscription. Execution of the plug-in application 220 offers the user enhanced mechanisms to easily discover and share attractive content through a graphical user interface, while managing content and feeds alongside the media player and collecting precise usage (e.g., playback) events from the corresponding media player. The usage events are then delivered to a reporting and analytics service 250 via a communications network 225 such as the Internet for further analysis. The usage data could also be sent to multiple reporting services; each RSS feed may specify data to be sent to a different reporting service.
Execution of the content assembler 223 causes the plug-in application 220 to receive content from a publisher 102 or content server 506 (as illustrated in
The reporting module 235 of the plug-in application 220 is executed at the user device 200/406 to collect media usage data. When reporting events to a usage information gathering server 250 (also illustrated as server 403 in
The following list exemplifies events collected and sent to a usage information gathering server
Following a subscription process, which may take place through the interface illustrated in
User profile information may be provided via the user device 406 of
User registration profile gathering server 402 gathers user profile information over the network 225 during user registration. Server 402 may be a web page server that serves up web pages to a browser enabled user device 406 over the network 225 to solicit user preferences and/or rules during registration of the user 405. Usage information gathering server 403 periodically gathers user usage related information over the network 225.
In one embodiment, a user device 406 runs an application 407 (e.g., plug-in application 220) that gathers usage information and periodically uploads that information over the network 225 to the user usage information gathering server 403. The usage information upload may be automated thereby obviating the need for user interaction.
The system 400 also includes a storage repository 404 to store user-related information. The user-related information may include user acceptability rules 404a that express preferences of user 405. Such preferences may be absolute such as what type of information a user absolutely does or does not want to receive. Alternatively, rules 404a may be flexible and merely indicative of preferences.
The user-related information may also comprise user attributes 404b that express user qualities or characteristics. User attributes may comprise gender, age, listening and/or viewing habits of a user. Attributes may further include geographic information such as zip code or whether or not the user 405 has children.
At time=t1, a user actuates a link on web page 502 to request an RSS feed associated with content served by content server 506. In response to the request, at time=t2, the RSS feed is delivered over the network 225 to the podcast application 504.
A transform function 510, which is a part of the plug-in application 220 running on the user device (user device 406 of
At time=t4, the podcast application 504, such as iTunes initiates an update of content associated with the RSS feed. The request is intercepted by the request handler module 221 of the plug-in application 220 illustrated in
At time=t5, the request handler module 221 forwards the intercepted request over the network 225 to a content server 506. At time=t6, the content server 506 receives the request sent by the content assembler module 223, which is also illustrated in the context of the plug-in application 220 of
At time=t8, the content assembler module 223 receives the requested content update. At time=t9, content assembler module 223 inserts advertisements into the newly arriving content if an advertisement is available to be inserted. At time=t10, the original content or the modified ad infused content is streamed to be played or to be stored as a content file for later playback in the podcast media player application 504.
The original RSS XML is transformed by the management plug-in (after download) to point all the URLs of the files, such as content files, to the “local server” (127.0.0.1) so that all podcast manager application content requests for this RSS will be directed to and handled by the plug-in (client application). The podcast management plug-in listens on a local host port and intermediates in content requests by the podcast manager application. Each RSS feed may represent a podcast content feed with a list of episodes. In one example, there exists one RSS feed per podcast subscription, which is similar to a virtual channel. The client-side plug-in intervenes each time the user clicks on a “Get Podcast” button for each feed by rewriting address elements within each RSS feed (e.g., changing address to 127.0.0.1:port) before handing it off to the podcast manager application. For example, if a user subscribes to 100 feeds/channels, then there are 100 RSS feeds for which the client-side plug-in intervenes.
The podcast manager application requests a file from the RSS feed. The management plug-in intercepts the feed request, which has been modified to point to the request to the local host. The management plug-in, rather than the podcast manager application, forwards the request for the file indicated by the RSS feed. The plug-in generates a new http request for the file from the server such as the content server 506. A content server that hosts the content can be either hosted within the central services provider 105 of
The following is an illustrative example of the intermediation of the management plug-in application in the retrieval of a content feed. A user requests that a content feed be added by clicking an icon on a user device interface. The request is captured by the management plug-in software, which changes the original URL of the file in the RSS feed. For example, http://www.somesite.com/podcast/channels/morningnews.mp4 may be changed to http://127.0.0.1:10930/?getitem www.somesite.com/podcast/channels/momingnews.mp4. The full original URL of the file is stored as an argument after the “getitem_.” Subsequently, a user may request a file from that RSS feed. Thus, the podcast manager uses the changed URL—http://127.0.0.1:10930/?getitem_www.somesite.com/podcast/channels/momingnews.mp4 to actually make the call for the file. The plug-in software remains listening on the address 127.0.0.1:10930, however. The plug-in captures the request and generates a request to a content server that serves the requested RSS feed, using the original URL that is stored as an argument after the “getitem_.” (i.e., www.somesite.com/podcast/channels/momingnews.mp4). Alternatively, the plug-in application could also be implemented and directly used on user devices with Internet Protocol (IP) capabilities. These devices do not need to use an intermediate podcast manager application (e.g., iTunes) for content syncing as they can obtain the RSS and the content directly from the network, such as the Internet.
In the present example, the plug-in reporting module 235 makes use of the iTunes® music library xml file to determine the play counts for any given episode. By keeping track of the playback events from the reporting system and looking at the playback counts listed in the iTunes® music library file, the plug-in is also able to determine how many times an episode was played on a corresponding iPod device. Using application interfaces built on the HTTP protocol, the plug-in application 220 can communicate detailed iTunes® playback data to external advertising systems 610 such as Doubleclick's DART or any other third party reporting system 600 (e.g., reporting and analytics systems 180 of
The location of the analytics and reporting system may be specified in the form of a URL included in an RSS feed item element. The URL pointer to the analytics and reporting system may likewise (and in a real world implementation) be passed on to the plug-in application 220 as an argument to the VoloMediaSubscribe( ) function as referenced in Table A. The RSS feed of the subscribed channel is an argument to the VoloMediaSubscribe( ) function call from Table A. Usage data, including play events, related to the RSS feed is sent over HTTP protocol to the analytics and reporting system. In a still further example, the location URL of the reporting system is specified within the header of the media file.
Some embodiments of the present invention include providing for viral syndication by allowing the user to share downloaded media with friends and associates. Sharing may take place through a graphic or text overlay associated with the downloaded content. The overlay may indicate options for bookmarking, sharing, and/or requesting/finding more content with similarities to the downloaded content.
Embodiments of the present invention may be integrated with various bookmarking services, email services, and media player environments. If a user chooses to bookmark a media file, the user may be presented with a menu of bookmarking services associated with the user. The user may then designate a particular bookmarking service (e.g., Google Bookmarks) and information concerning the bookmark may automatically be sent to the user account on the bookmarking service. Bookmarking may include storing and retrieving information concerning the website from which the content was downloaded, inviting friends to view the bookmarked (favorite) video dips, and copying and sending such information to various other bookmark services such as Google Bookmarks, del.ici.ous, and Digg.
If a user wishes to share a media file, emails with information concerning the media file (e.g., media URLs) may automatically be generated to send to friends and associates. Sharing the content may also include sharing the bookmark or ‘pushing’ the downloaded content back onto the Internet. If the user requests similar content, the similar content may be delivered to the particular media environment in which the user made the request. For example, the user may be watching a video file on iTunes® and request content similar to that of the video file just consumed. Similar content may then be added to iTunes® including a subscription. The information concerning sharing, bookmarking, and searching for similar content may be captured and analyzed for reports to advertisers and/or content publishers.
Publishers or content owners may likewise recommend similar content to users. For example, a user may watch a program from ABC News. A publisher or content provider (which may be the host of the ABC News program) may identify similar content, individual shows, or channels and recommend the same. Recommended content may then be added to a particular media environment (e.g., iTunes®) for downloading by clicking a single button or added as a RSS subscription when a channel is recommended. Publishers may recommend content to users who may or may not be connected to the Internet or those users who are not currently visiting the website of the content provider. Publishers may also recommend content to users based upon their demographic information (e.g. age, gender, or location) or upon their behavioral information (e.g. types of content the user watches).
Sharing of content initiated at one platform such as iTunes® but consumed on another platform such as through a Flash video player while preserving an advertiser's and/or publisher's ability to present freshly inserted advertisements at the time of consumption are further provided by embodiments of the present invention. A podcast publisher may likewise track the consumption of a video or other content file when played within a standalone media player such as iTunes® by using any online web based analytics and reporting engine. The movement and consumption of video files from downloads to online, across different online locations, and from online to download may be tracked thus producing detailed analytics of the movement and consumption of media.
With respect to steps 830 and 840, the interface is populated with both related information as well as recommendations that are obtained either from the network or from a local cache that was obtained while the media file was being downloaded. The location of the related information and recommendations may be specified in the form of a URL included in an RSS feed item element. Both the related information and the recommendations may themselves contain metadata that allows a user to further act upon the information.
In one example, selecting related information or a recommendation may cause the user device to download additional media files from the network. In another instance, selecting the related information or recommendation may cause the user device to display additional information about the media file. This additional information may be in the form of a web page that is displayed on the device or the additional information could be displayed in the form of a graphical user interface laid over an existing interface. Metadata that would cause additional media files to be downloaded may be labeled ‘Get’ and metadata that would cause additional information to be displayed would be labeled ‘Go’. Examples of both types of metadata are illustrated in
Interactions of the user with the user device may immediately be sent over the network to a usage information gathering server (such as gathering server 403 of
A URL location pointer passed on to the plug-in application as an argument in the VoloMediaSubscribe( ) function and illustrated in Table A is invoked on selection of the ‘More’ interface element. Selection of the ‘More’ interface element invokes a URL included in the RSS feed as an item element. The ‘More’ URL may be specified within the header of the media file. Selection of the ‘Get’ interface element by the user may add an associated RSS feed as a new channel subscription.
In step 910, a user clicks on a share button, which may be similar to the button illustrated in
If all fields from the popup window displayed in step 920 are determined to have been correctly filled out at step 950, the message is sent in step 960 along with a Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) and metrics information. The GUID information is requested by a backend log in step 970. The GUTID and IP address of sender may be applied against a spam database in step 980 such that a determination may be made at step 990 as to whether the message being sent is legitimate or unwanted spam. If the message is determined to be spam, delivery fails and a corresponding delivery failure message is displayed. If the message is determined not to be spam, then the content and corresponding message is sent along with an indication that delivery is successful.
Returning to step 950, if it is determined that all fields have not been correctly filled out (e.g., an email address of the recipient or sender is omitted), then the process returns to step 930 to correct the erroneous information. An indication as to the error might be reflected in step 995. Different fields may be necessary to allow for delivery of content or a link to the same. Other fields may be optional whereby incorrectly provided information does not otherwise prevent delivery of the content.
As noted above, additional information may be sent with a media file or a link thereto. Additional information may be obtained by parsing the media file and extracting information from the metadata within the media file. The additional information may also be obtained by parsing the RSS feed from which the media file originated or receiving the information directly from the user. The additional information could also be obtained by using any combination of the three methods. Once the additional information is obtained, the system may share the media file and information in a manner similar to that described above in
Through the interface of
Once placed on the social bookmarking site, the bookmark enables the user or other users to directly download the media file without first requiring the RSS feed or show subscription. The bookmark also enables users to gain access to media files that have since been removed from the RSS feed. In another related embodiment, embed code may be generated with information extracted from parsing the RSS file or the media file. The embed code, when manually pasted or automatically uploaded to a personal user profile page on a social media site, a web media player containing the embed video is generated at the social media site. Examples of social media sites include but are not limited to Facebook, Myspace and Tagged. The user may be required to input login and password information for their social network account in order to upload the content or information.
In one exemplary embodiment, users may share their favorite videos with friends and family via email using the ‘share this clip’ link 1110. In another embodiment, users may embed the web media player 1100 containing episodes and channels they wish to share with friends, family, and visitors to their profile pages from within the standalone media player running on the user device. This may be accomplished by automatically writing the related embed code or bookmark links to the users profile page. The user may be required to input login and password information for their social network account. These sharing mechanisms enable viral discovery of media and fast adoption of popular media because of user-to-user remarketing.
Computer-readable storage media refer to any medium or media that participate in providing instructions to a central processing unit (CPU) for execution. Such media can take many forms, including, but not limited to, non-volatile and volatile media such as optical or magnetic disks and dynamic memory, respectively. Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM disk, digital video disk (DVD), any other optical medium, RAM, PROM, EPROM, a FLASHEPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge.
Various forms of transmission media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to a CPU for execution. A bus carries the data to system RAM, from which a CPU retrieves and executes the instructions. The instructions received by system RAM can optionally be stored on a fixed disk either before or after execution by a CPU. Various forms of storage may likewise be implemented as well as the necessary network interfaces and network topologies to implement the same.
While various embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. The descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular forms set forth herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of a preferred embodiment should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that the above description is illustrative and not restrictive. To the contrary, the present descriptions are intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and otherwise appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but instead should be determined with reference to the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.
The present application claims the priority benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/028,185 filed Feb. 12, 2008 and entitled “Metrics and Management of Downloadable Media,” the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
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