Discovery service in a service-oriented gaming network environment

FIELD

[0002] The present invention relates generally to software and hardware systems for gaming machines, and more particularly to providing a discovery service in a service-oriented gaming network environment.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Today's gaming terminal typically comprises a computerized system controlling a video display or reels that provide wagering games such as video and mechanical slots, video card games (poker, blackjack etc.), video keno, video bingo, video pachinko and other games typical in the gaming industry. In addition, support computing systems such as accounting, player tracking and other “back office” systems exist in order to provide support for a gaming environment.

[0004] In order to prevent players from becoming bored, new versions of wagering games, and alterations to existing games are constantly being developed. In the past, the game software and content for gaming terminals and back office systems have been developed using proprietary or closed hardware, operating systems, application development systems, and communications systems. Sometimes these systems are provided by a single vendor.

[0005] Unfortunately, due to the proprietary and closed nature of existing architectures, it can be difficult to develop new games, and it is difficult to add gaming services to existing proprietary game architectures and gaming network architectures. As a result, the cost and time associated with updating and adding new gaming services to gaming networks is relatively high.

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned problems and concerns, there is a need in the art for the present invention.

SUMMARY

[0007] The above-mentioned shortcomings, disadvantages and problems are addressed by the present invention, which will be understood by reading and studying the following specification.

[0008] One aspect of the systems and methods relates to a Gaming Services Framework using the World Wide Web and internetworking technology. The World Wide Web (“Web” from here on) is a networked information system comprising agents (clients, servers, and other programs) that exchange information. The Web and networking architecture is the set of rules that agents in the system follow, resulting in a shared information space that scales well and behaves predictably. A further aspect relates to providing a discovery service in a gaming network.

[0009] The Gaming Services Framework comprises a set of services, protocols, XML schemas, and methods for providing secure gaming system functionality in a distributed, network based architecture. It is intended to be a service-oriented framework for gaming and property management based upon internetworking technology and web services concepts. Specifically, it supports a loosely coupled architecture that consists of software components that semantically encapsulate discrete functionality (self contained and perform a single function or a related group of functions—the component describes its own inputs and outputs in a way that other software can determine what it does, how to invoke its functionality, and what result to expect). These components are distributed and programmatically accessible (called by and exchange data with other software) over standard internetworking protocols (TCP/IP, HITP, DNS, DHCP, etc.).

[0010] The present invention describes systems, methods, and computer-readable media of varying scope. In addition to the aspects and advantages of the present invention described in this summary, further aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by reading the detailed description that follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary gaming machine incorporated in the present invention.

[0012]
FIG. 2 is a block diagram providing an example of a service-oriented network for distributed management in a gaming environment.

[0013]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram providing a general description of service-oriented discovery and interaction.

[0014]
FIG. 4 is a representation of a Gaming Services Protocol Stack according to embodiments of the invention.

[0015]
FIGS. 5A and 5B are flow diagrams illustrating methods and message flow for a providing a discovery service according to embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that logical, mechanical, electrical and other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0017] Some portions of the detailed descriptions which follow are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the ways used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussions, terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.

[0018] In the Figures, the same reference number is used throughout to refer to an identical component which appears in multiple Figures. Signals and connections may be referred to by the same reference number or label, and the actual meaning will be clear from its use in the context of the description.

[0019] The description of the various embodiments is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible instance of the invention. Numerous alternatives could be implemented, using combinations of current or future technologies, which would still fall within the scope of the claims. The present invention is directed to a service-oriented framework for gaming networks that allows for the interoperability of the software components (regardless of manufacturer, operating system, or application) reducing the dependence on a closed-system, single vendor solutions and allowing for variety in innovation and competition.

[0020] The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.

Operating Environment

[0021]
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary gaming machine 10 in which embodiments of the invention may be implemented. In some embodiments, gaming machine 10 is operable to conduct a wagering game. These wagering games may include reel based games such as video or mechanical slot machine games, card based games such as video poker, video dice games (e.g. a Yahtzee® like dice game) or other types of wagering games typical in the gaming industry. If based in video, the gaming machine 10 includes a video display 12 such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma, or other type of video display known in the art. A touch screen preferably overlies the display 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the gaming machine 10 is an “upright” version in which the display 12 is oriented vertically relative to a player. Alternatively, the gaming machine may be a “slant-top” version in which the display 12 is slanted at about a thirty-degree angle toward the player.

[0022] The gaming machine 10 includes a plurality of possible credit receiving mechanisms 14 for receiving credits to be used for placing wagers in the game. The credit receiving mechanisms 14 may, for example, include a coin acceptor, a bill acceptor, a ticket reader, and a card reader. The bill acceptor and the ticket reader may be combined into a single unit. The card reader may, for example, accept magnetic cards and smart (chip) cards coded with money or designating an account containing money.

[0023] In some embodiments, the gaming machine 10 includes a user interface comprising a plurality of push-buttons 16, the above-noted touch screen, and other possible devices. The plurality of push-buttons 16 may, for example, include one or more “bet” buttons for wagering, a “play” button for commencing play, a “collect” button for cashing out, a help” button for viewing a help screen, a “pay table” button for viewing the pay table(s), and a “call attendant” button for calling an attendant. Additional game specific buttons may be provided to facilitate play of the specific game executed on the machine. The touch screen may define touch keys for implementing many of the same functions as the push-buttons. Additionally, in the case of video poker, the touch screen may implement a card identification function to indicate which cards a player desires to keep for the next round. Other possible user interface devices include a keyboard and a pointing device such as a mouse or trackball.

[0024] A processor controls operation of the gaming machine 10. In response to receiving a wager and a command to initiate play, the processor randomly selects a game outcome from a plurality of possible outcomes and causes the display 12 to depict indicia representative of the selected game outcome. In the case of slots for example mechanical or simulated slot reels are rotated and stopped to place symbols on the reels in visual association with one or more pay lines. If the selected outcome is one of the winning outcomes defined by a pay table, the processor awards the player with a number of credits associated with the winning outcome.

[0025]
FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a Gaming Service Network 210 comprising a customer data center 218 and a customer property 216. The data center 218 and customer property 216 are connected via a network 220. In some embodiments, network 220 is a public network such as the Internet. However, in alternative embodiments, private networks, including corporate intranets or extranets may be used to connect a data center 218 with one or more properties 216.

[0026] In some embodiments, the Customer Corporate Data Center 218 contains the bulk of the network servers supporting gaming properties owned by the corporation. Major elements of the gaming service network include Auth server 232, Gaming Management Server 236, and Progressive Server 238. In some embodiments, Auth Server 32 provides authentication, authorization and content integrity for client devices attempting to interact with other servers and services in the architecture.

[0027] In some embodiments, the Gaming Management Server 236 includes the following services: Boot Service, Name Service, Time Service, Game Management Service, Game Update Service, Event Management Service, Accounting Service, and Discovery Service.

[0028] In some embodiments, the Progressive Server 238 hosts a value-add service that allows a gaming machine to participate within a progressive gaming offering. Any value-add service can be added or substituted for this server/service. A progressive game offering is provided as an example. Other value-add services can be distributed on existing servers or reside on a newly added server.

[0029] The Customer Property 16 contains gaming machines 10, which in some embodiments allow remote updates and configuration through a network interface on the gaming machine. In some embodiments, a Boot Server 234 contains a DHCP service that facilitates the distribution of IP addressing to the gaming machines 10. It should be noted that any device capable of supporting a wagering game could be substituted for gaming machine 10. For example, a personal or laptop computer executing a wagering game may participate in the gaming network using the services described below.

[0030] As noted above, various services may be located throughout the gaming network. In some embodiments of the invention, a set of core operational services may include one or more of the following services:

1Boot ServiceProvides dynamic IP addressing to devices upon boot (start-up). Typically supported by Dynamic Host ConfigurationProtocol (DHCP).Discovery ServiceProvides the address information of the server containing theservice when prompted by the requestor as well as the servicedescription, binding and location on the server.Authentication ServiceContains the master Authentication Database. Authenticatesthe service user before allowing the use of services in theGaming Services Framework.Authorization ServiceContains the master Authorization Database. Authorizes theuse of services in the Gaming Services Framework by aservice requestor.Gaming Management ServiceProvides the ability to configure and monitor gamingmachines and other services from a central location.Name ServiceProvides name resolution service to enable machines in agaming network to refer to each other by name instead of IPAddress. In some embodiments the name service isimplemented using the Domain Naming System (DNS)protocol.Time ServiceProvides global synchronization of time in the gamingnetwork. This may be implemented by running the NetworkTime Protocol (NTP) client software on gaming machines.

[0031] Further details on a discovery service implemented in various embodiments of the invention are provided below with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B.

[0032] In addition to or instead of the core services described above, some embodiments of the invention include one or more of the following services referred to as Basic Gaming Services:

2Accounting ServiceProvides logging of transaction records for billing andgeneral tracking purposes.Event Management ServiceLogs events occurring at client and server machines.Game Update ServiceProvides dynamic distribution of new or updated gamecontent to gaming machines.Message Director ServiceThis service uses a software-configurable message routingapplication to facilitate the reliable exchange of datamessages among multiple application processes within oneor more gaming systems.Content Integrity ServiceThis service provides the ability to verify the integrity ofsoftware components running in the gaming network. Thisincludes the verification of software versions running ongaming machines, peripherals, services as well the detectionof tampering or modification of the software.

[0033] As noted above, a gaming service network may include Value Add Services. These services include participation services and player services. Examples of participation services that may be included in various embodiments of the invention include the following:

3Progressive ServiceProvides functionality for a gaming machine toparticipate within a single progressive ormultiple progressives. Further details on theprogressive service described above are providedbelow with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B.Wide Area DisruptionThis service takes over the processing of wideProgressive Servicearea progressives at each gaming site in the eventthat there is no connection with a central systemor the connection with the central system istemporarily disabled.Mobile GamingThis service processes the GPS location ofDevice GPS Servicegaming machines compared with coordinates ofa gaming jurisdiction. Example: players can ridea bus and begin gambling on the bus when thebus crosses into the gaming jurisdiction.

[0034] Examples of Player Services that may be included in various embodiments of the invention include:

4Player Tracking ServiceThis service provides the operator and player with standardplayer tracking applications such as monitoring card in/card out transactions to track play and award player pointsfor play, providing targeted promotional compensation tospecific players, publishing account status to the player oroperator, providing temporary gaming machine locking inorder to hold the machine for the player for short periods oftime, and providing operators and players an interface andcapability for Responsible Gaming Initiatives.Game Theme Location ServiceThis service provides location information to clientsregarding specific games, game themes or vendor brands.The service may publish the information by casino, by area,by city, by state, by region, by country, or by continentdepending on the input parameters provided. An examplewould be to publish where all of the progressive games of aparticular theme (e.g., “Monopoly Money) are located in aparticular hotel (e.g., the Reno Hilton) in Reno, Nevada.Personalization ServiceThis service provides the gaming player with a morepersonalized gaming environment. Example: the playercould choose to see text in Chinese, could choose to bereminded of dinner reservation time, could customizemachine graphics, or could have a portion of his coin in goto his football club's progressive.Cashless Transaction ServiceThis service provides the ability for a player to transferfunds between financial institutions, in-house accounts andgaming machines.Bonusing ServiceThis service provides the ability for casinos to set up bonusgames for a specific gaming machine, carousel of machinesor one or more game themes.Game ServiceThis service is a server-side process that provides theoutcome of game play. This service may be used to enableInternet/online gaming.Advertising ServiceThis service allows the operator to display advertisinginformation to players in multimedia format as well assimple audio and graphic formats.Property ServiceThis is a group of services that provides the ability for theproperty management company to integrate with gamingsystems. It can provide interaction with functions such ashotel and restaurant reservations.

[0035] It should be noted that with the distributed architecture of the Gaming Service Network 210, the above-described services that reside on network servers are not limited to location and can reside anywhere the network supports. For example, it is desirable to consider security and network latency when locating services.

[0036]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a Gaming Services Framework 300 according to various embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, the Gaming Services Framework 300 includes a set of protocols, XML schemas, and methods for providing gaming system functionality in a distributed, network-based architecture such as the network described above in FIG. 2. In order to participate in such network-based architectures, the participating machines are interconnected via public or private networks that may be wired or wireless networks. Further, devices performing service communication support a common services protocol stack such as the Gaming Services Protocol Stack that is further described below.

[0037] The Gaming Services Framework 300 provides for the interaction of several logical elements as depicted in FIG. 3. Logical elements represent the fundamental entities that interact to implement a service. In some embodiments, these logical elements include Service Requestor 302, Service Provider 304, and Discovery Agency 306. In general terms, the roles these elements play are as defined in Web Services Architecture—W3C Working (Draft 14 November 2002 and later versions). Further details on these elements are provided below.

[0038] Logical elements may reside in a number of different physical devices as part of delivering any service. For example, a Service Provider 304 will typically reside in a slot accounting or player tracking system and the Service Requestor 302 will typically reside in a gaming machine. However, there may be scenarios where it would be advantageous or appropriate for the logical elements to reside in other physical devices. For example, in alternative embodiments a Service Requestor 302 may reside in a slot accounting system.

[0039] Service Provider 304 comprises a platform that hosts access to a service 314. A service provider may also be referred to as a service execution environment or a service container. Its role in the client-server message exchange patterns is that of a server.

[0040] Service Requestor 302 comprises an application that is looking for and invoking or initiating an interaction with a service such as that provided by service provider 304. Its role in the client-server message exchange patterns is that of a client 312.

[0041] Discovery Agency 306 comprises a searchable set of service descriptions where service providers 304 publish their service description(s) 324 and service location(s) 326. The service discovery agency 306 can be centralized or distributed. A discovery agency 306 can support both patterns where service descriptions 322 are sent to discovery agency 306 and patterns where the discovery agency 306 actively inspects public service providers 304 for service descriptions 322. Service requestors 302 may find services and obtain binding information (in the service descriptions 324) during development for static binding, or during execution for dynamic binding. In some embodiments, for example in statically bound service requesters, the service discovery agent may be an optional role in the framework architecture, as a service provider 304 can send the service description 322 directly to service requestor 302. Likewise, service requestors 302 can obtain a service description 324 from other sources besides a discovery agency 306, such as a local file system, FTP site, URL, or WSDL document.

[0042]
FIG. 4 provides a block diagram of a Gaming Services Protocol Stack 400 according to embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, the protocol stack includes core layers that define basic services communication and transport, and are typically implemented uniformly. Higher layers that define strategic aspects of gaming processes are also described below. FIG. 4 illustrates both the widely implemented core layers and in addition illustrates the higher gaming services oriented layers of the protocol stack.

[0043] Core Layers of the Gaming Services Protocol Stack 400

[0044] In some embodiments, the gaming services framework utilizes common Internet protocols, which may include web services protocols. Although not specifically tied to any transport protocol, it is desirable to build the gaming services on ubiquitous Internet connectivity and infrastructure to ensure nearly universal reach and support. In some embodiments, gaming services will take advantage of Ethernet 405 or 406, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 408, Internet Protocol (IP) 407, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 409, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 410, HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure/Secure Socket Layer (HTTPS/SSL) 411, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) 412, Domain Naming System (DNS) 413, and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 414 layers in the protocol stack 400. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that other protocol layers performing equivalent functionality may be substituted for those described above and are within the scope of the present invention.

[0045] In some embodiments, service request and response data are formatted using Extensible Markup Language (XML) 415. XML 415 is a widely accepted format for exchanging data and its corresponding semantics. XML is a fundamental building block used in layers above the Common Internet Protocols. In some embodiments, the Gaming Services Protocol Stack 400 incorporates this protocol in accordance with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) XML Working Group's XML specification. However, those of skill in the art will appreciate that other data exchange formats may be substituted for XML 415, and such formats are within the scope of the present invention.

[0046] In some embodiments of the invention, the gaming service protocol stack 400 utilizes the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 416. SOAP 416 is a protocol for messaging and RPC (Remote Procedure Call) style communication between applications. SOAP is based on XML 415 and uses common Internet transport protocols like HTTP 410 to carry data. SOAP 416 may be used to define a model to envelope request and response messages encoded in XML 415. SOAP 416 messaging can be used to exchange any kind of XML 415 information. SOAP 416 is used in some embodiments as the basic standard for carrying service requests/responses between service users and providers. SOAP 416 has been submitted to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards body as recommendation documents (versions 1.1 and 1.2) and will likely emerge as “XML Protocol (XP).”

[0047] Higher Layers of the Gaming Services Protocol Stack 400

[0048] In some embodiments, the gaming services protocol stack includes a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 417 and a Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) 418. WSDL 417 comprises a description of how to connect to a particular service. In some embodiments, WSDL 417 is based on XML. A WSDL 417 description abstracts a particular service's various connection and messaging protocols into a high-level bundle and forms an element of the UDDI 418 directory's information. WSDL 417 is similar to CORBA or COM IDL in that WSDL 417 describes programmatic interfaces. WSDL 417 is typically independent of the underlying service implementation language or component model, and focuses on an abstract description. The Gaming Services Protocol Stack 400 incorporates this description in accordance with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1—W3C Note 15 Mar. 2001 and later versions.

[0049] In some embodiments, UDDI 418 represents a set of protocols and a public directory for the registration and real-time lookup of services. UDDI 418 enables an entity such as a company to publish a description of available services to the registry, thereby announcing itself as a service provider. Service users can send requests conforming to the UDDI 418 schema as SOAP 416 messages to the service registry to discover a provider for services. Some embodiments of the present invention may utilize UDDI Version 3, released in July of 2002 and later versions. Further development of UDDI 418 is managed under the auspices of the OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) UDDI Specifications technical committee.

[0050] Returning to FIG. 3, the service requesters and service providers use the above-described protocol stack to perform service interactions with one another. The service interactions include publish 330, discover (find) 332, and interact 334.

[0051] Publish interaction 330 provides a mechanism for a service to be made accessible by other entities in the gaming network environment. In order to be accessible, a service needs to publish its description such that the requestor can subsequently find it. Where it is published can vary depending upon the requirements of the application. A service description 322 can be published using a variety of mechanisms known in the art. The various mechanisms used by the varying embodiments of the invention provide different capabilities depending on how dynamic the application using the service is intended to be. The service description may be published to multiple service registries using several different mechanisms. The simplest case is a direct publish. A direct publish means the service provider sends the service description directly to the service requester. In this case the service requester may maintain a local copy of the service description 322.

[0052] Another means of publishing service descriptions utilized in alternative embodiments of the invention is through a UDDI registry. There are several types of UDDI registries known in the art that may be used depending on the scope of the domain of Web services published to it. When publishing a Web service description to a UDDI registry, it is desirable to consider the business context and taxonomies in order for the service to be found by its potential service consumers. Examples of UDDI registries used in the gaming service architecture of various embodiments of the invention are Internal Enterprise Application UDDI registry, Portal UDDI registry, and Partner Catalog UDDI registry.

[0053] An Internal Enterprise Application UDDI registry may be used in some embodiments for gaming services intended for use within an organization for internal enterprise applications integration. For example, all services that provide gaming and gaming management to devices within a casino or casino organization may be published to an Internal Enterprise Application UDDI registry.

[0054] A Portal UDDI registry may be used in some embodiments for gaming services that are published by a company for external partners to find and use. A portal UDDI registry typically runs in the service provider's environment outside of a firewall or in a DMZ (demilitarized zone) between firewalls. This kind of private UDDI registry generally contains only those service descriptions that a company wishes to provide to service requesters from external partners through a network. For example, these services may be used to provide online gaming to customers connecting through the World-Wide Web.

[0055] A Partner Catalog UDDI registry may be used in some embodiments for gaming services to be used by a particular company. The Partner Catalog UDDI registry can be thought of as a rolodex like UDDI registry. A Partner Catalog UDDI registry is typically located on a computer or gaming machine behind a firewall. This kind of private UDDI registry typically contains approved, tested, and valid service descriptions from legitimate (e.g. authorized) business partners. The business context and metadata for these services can be targeted to the specific requestor. In some embodiments, this type of registry may be used for inter-casino services as well as interactions between casinos and other types of organizations such as regulators and financial institutions. It is desirable that an appropriate authorization and qualification procedure be in place to insure that only approved services are published to service repositories.

[0056] In the discover interactions 332 (also referred to as find interactions), the service requestor retrieves a service description directly or queries the registry for the type of service required. It then processes the description in order to be able to bind and invoke it.

[0057] As with publishing service descriptions, acquiring service descriptions may vary depending on how the service description is published and how dynamic the service application is meant to be. In some embodiments, service requestors may find Web services during two different phases of an application lifecycle—design time and run time. At design time, service requestors search for web service descriptions by the type of interface they support. At run time, service requesters search for a web service based on how they communicate or qualities of service advertised.

[0058] With the direct publish approach noted above, the service requester may cache the service description at design time for use at runtime. The service description may be statically represented in the program logic, stored in a file, or in a simple, local service description repository.

[0059] Service requestors can retrieve a service description at design time or runtime from a Web page (URL), a service description repository, a simple service registry or a UDDI registry. The look-up mechanism typically supports a query mechanism that provides a find by type of interface capability (for example, based on a WSDL template), the binding information (i.e. protocols), properties (such as QOS parameters), the types of intermediaries required, the taxonomy of the service, business information, etc.

[0060] The various types of UDDI registries, including those described above, have implications on the number of runtime binding services can choose from, policy for choosing one among many, or the amount of pre screening that will be done by the requester before invoking the service. Service selection can be based on binding support, historical performance, quality of service classification, proximity, or load balancing. It is desirable that an appropriate authorization and qualification procedure be in place to insure that only approved services are published to service repositories.

[0061] Once a service description is acquired, the service requester will need to process it in order to invoke the service. In some embodiments, the service requestor uses the service description to generate SOAP requests or programming language specific proxies to the service. The generation of such requests can be done at design time or at runtime to format an invocation to the service. Various tools can be used at design time or runtime to generate programming language bindings from interface descriptions, such as WSDL documents. These bindings present an API (Application Program Interface) to the application program and encapsulate the details of the messaging from the application.

[0062] After a service has been published 330 and discovered 332, the service may be invoked so that a service requestor and service provider may interact 334. In the interact operation 334, the service requestor invokes or initiates an interaction with the service at runtime using the binding details in the service description 322 to locate, contact, and invoke the service. Examples of service interactions 334 include: single message one way, broadcast from requester to many services, a multi message conversation, or a business process. Any of these types of interactions can be synchronous or asynchronous requests.

[0063] In some embodiments of the invention, security mechanisms may be used to secure the Gaming Services Framework 300. Securing the Gaming Services Framework typically involves providing facilities for ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of the messages and for ensuring that a service acts only on requests in messages that express the claims required by policies. Examples of such mechanisms used in various embodiments of the invention include IPSec and SSL/TLS, which provide network and transport layer security between two endpoints. However, when data is received and forwarded on by an intermediary beyond the transport layer both the integrity of data and any security information that flows with it maybe lost. This forces any upstream message processors to rely on the security evaluations made by previous intermediaries and to completely trust their handling of the content of messages. Thus it is desirable to include security mechanisms that provide end-to-end security. It is also desirable that such mechanisms be able to leverage both transport and application layer security mechanisms to provide a comprehensive suite of security capabilities.

Discovery Service

[0064] In general, the various embodiments of the invention implement a discovery service for a gaming network and act as a repository for holding information pertaining to other web services and the business information that corresponds with each service. In some embodiments, the discovery service and other services may be implemented as web services. The discovery service thus provides clients with a searchable means of finding services that they are interested in.

[0065] In some embodiments, the discovery service includes various data structures that help to describe individual services that may register with the discovery service. In particular embodiments, the various data structures may be represented by one or more XML elements. For example, a businessEntity element may be used to describe a business or organization that is offering services on a gaming network, including web services. A businessService element may be used to describe a collection of web services offered by the business. A bindingTemplate element may be used to describe the technical information necessary to communicate with a particular service. A tModel element may be used to describe unique concepts such as protocols used by the service. When a new service is created, such as a new web service in a gaming network, an administrator can programmatically call methods contained within the discovery service to publish the new service to the discovery service. Additionally, clients can query the discovery service using a variety of methods to find groups of services or a particular service that they are interested in. In some embodiments, these various methods may be UDDI methods. Once the client has found a particular service that it is interested in, the client can use the information returned from the discovery service to connect and bind to that service. By storing information for individual services in a central repository in the discovery service, clients only need to know the location of the discovery service in order to be able to connect and bind to all system wide services.

[0066]
FIGS. 5A and 5B are flow diagrams illustrating methods for providing a discovery service according to embodiments of the invention. The methods may be performed within an operating environment such as that described above with reference to FIGS. 1-4. The methods to be performed by the operating environment constitute computer programs made up of computer-executable instructions. Describing the methods by reference to a flow diagram enables one skilled in the art to develop such programs including such instructions to carry out the methods on suitable computers (the processor of the computer executing the instructions from machine-readable media such as RAM, ROM, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, flash memory etc.). The methods illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B are inclusive of the acts performed by an operating environment executing an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0067]
FIG. 5A is a flow diagram illustrating a method for providing a discovery service in a service-oriented gaming network. In the detailed description of the method below, particular method names may be provided for particular embodiments of the invention. It should be noted that such names are exemplary in nature, and the present invention is not limited to any functionality that may be implied by the name.

[0068] The method begins when a discovery service registers on a gaming network (block 510). In some embodiments, the service is registered by creating an entry in a registry. In particular embodiments, the registry may be a UDDI registry. Once the registry is created, services can be added to the registry by when they publish new service information. In some embodiments, a new service calls UDDI methods in order to be published. The discovery service is then hosted on a server so that clients can access it. In some embodiments, the discovery service is hosted on a web server as a web service.

[0069] After the discovery service is registered, clients/service requestors may make discovery requests to obtain information on available services on the network. Typically the client will have embedded knowledge of the location of the discovery service. This may be accomplished by having the discovery service assigned to a well known address such as a particular URL, TCP/IP port or service name. Other mechanisms of embedding knowledge of the location of the discovery service are known in the art and within the scope of the present invention.

[0070] The client/service requestor can then register with the discovery service (block 514). In some embodiments, a client registers with the discovery service by calling a “get_authToken” method of the discovery service. This method call will return to the client a valid authorization token that the client can use when making subsequent method calls to the discovery service.

[0071] Once the client has successfully registered with the discovery service, it can invoke the discovery service by making various requests (block 516). In some embodiments, SOAP calls are issued to invoke discovery service request methods. In particular embodiments, the discovery service may include a combination of inquiry methods, publish methods, security policy methods, custody methods, subscription methods, and value set methods. In some embodiments, the inquiry methods may be used by a client to locate and gather details about the services that are stored within the discovery service, and may include one or more of the following methods:

5find_bindingReturns bindingDetail information for one or more services.find_businessUsed to retrieve all business information, including all services, fora particular business name.find_relatedBusinessesUsed to locate information about all businesses that are related to aspecific business. The client would pass in a specific business keyto obtain this information.find_serviceUsed to find a specific service or services.find_tModelUsed to locate one or more technology model informationstructures.get_bindingDetailUsed to obtain bindingDetail information for a service.get_businessDetailUsed to get the businessDetail information for one or morebusinesses.get_operationalInfoUsed to obtain an operationalInfos structures for one or moreentities stored in the discovery service.get_serviceDetailReturns a serviceDetail structure for one or more services stored inthe discovery service.get_tModelDetailUsed to obtain the detail information for a registered technologymodel.

[0072] In some embodiments, the publish methods are used by a client to publish and update information, including services, that are to be contained in the discovery service. The publish methods used in particular embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following:

6add_publisherAssertionsAllows a client to add relationship assertions to the existing setof assertions.delete_bindingUsed to remove existing binding information from the discoveryservice.delete_businessUsed to delete an existing business and all its related detailinformation from the discovery service.delete_publisherAssertionsUsed to delete specific publisher assertions from the assertioncollection of a particular publisher.delete_serviceUsed to delete an existing service from the discovery service.delete_tModelUsed to hide information about a technology model.get_assertionStatusReportReturns an assertionStatusReport that includes the status of allassertions made involving any business that is controlled by therequesting client.get_publisherAssertionsUsed to get a list of publisher assertions that are controlled byan individual publisher.get_registeredInfoUsed to request an abbreviated list of businesses and technologymodels currently managed by a given publisher.save_bindingUsed to register new binding information or to update existingbinding information.save_businessUsed to register new business information or update informationfor an existing business. This method is used to control the fullset of business information, including all services and thecorresponding binding information for each service.save_serviceUsed to add a service and its detail information or update aservice and any of its detail information.save_tModelUsed to register or update information about a technologymodel.set_publisherAssertionsUsed to save the complete set of publisher assertions for anindividual publisher.

[0073] In some embodiments, the security policy methods are used by a client to obtain a new authorization token or to delete an existing authorization token. As an example, authorization tokens may be required for many method calls to the discovery service, including UDDI method calls. The security policy methods used in particular embodiments may include one or more of the following:

7discard_authTokenUsed to inform a node that a previouslyobtained authentication token is no longerrequired and that the token is now invalid.get_authTokenThis method is used to obtain a newauthentication token for the client.

[0074] In some embodiments, the custody and ownership transfer methods allow a client that has published information to the discovery service to transfer ownership of that information to another client or publisher. The methods available in particular embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following:

8get_transferTokenThis method is used to initiate the transfer of custody of one or morebusinessEntity or tModel entities from one node to another. In someembodiments, no actual transfer takes place with this method call, butpermissions are obtained via a transferToken to perform the transfer.transfer_entitiesThis method may be used by publishers to whom custody is beingtransferred to actually perform the transfer. In some embodiments, theclient must have an unexpired transferToken that was issued by thecustodial node for the entities being transferred.

[0075] In some embodiments, the subscription methods are used by a client to register with the discovery service and to allow the discovery service to notify the client when specific changes have been made to the discovery service registry. In some embodiments, the methods may include one or more of the following:

9delete_subscriptionAllows the client to cancel one or more subscriptions.get_subscriptionResultsReturns registry data pertaining to a particular subscriptionwithin a specified time period. Results may be returnedsynchronously in some embodiments.get_subscriptionsReturns a list of existing subscriptions previously saved by theclient.save_subscriptionCreates a new subscription or changes an existing one.notify_subscriptionListenerThe discovery service communicates with a calling client tonotify the client of data that has changed in the discoveryservice registry since notify_subscriptionListener was lastinvoked for a particular subscription.

[0076] In some embodiments, the value set methods are used to provide the ability for third parties to register value sets and then control the validation process used to perform such checks. For example, whenever a data element is saved, it may be checked to insure that it is valid. In particular embodiments, key reference elements (keyedReference) or keyed reference group elements (keyedReferenceGroup) may be checked using UDDI to insure validity. Also value checking may be performed for tModels that are deemed to be “checked”, as determined by the policy of the discovery service registry. The methods used in some embodiments may include one or more of the following:

10validate_valuesThe discovery service may communicate with an external services toassess whether keyed references or keyed reference groups are valid.The external service may be a web service in some embodiments of theinvention.get_allValidValuesUsed by nodes that support caching of valid values from cacheablechecked value sets to obtain the set of valid values.

[0077]
FIG. 5B illustrates a method for a client to utilize a discovery service according to an embodiment of the invention and illustrates a usage scenario involving a message sequence 500. The message sequence 500 shown in FIG. 5B describes the method of a new service 501 registering itself with the discovery service 502. New service 501 may be any of the services described above, or additional services provided in a gaming network. The present invention is not limited to any particular service seeking to use a discovery service. Additional information for each message is provided below as defined by the block identification number in FIG. 5B. It is noted that the method is described in part with reference to UDDI and SOAP, however, no embodiment of the invention is limited to UDDI and/or SOAP, and other discovery and communications mechanisms may be used in place of UDDI and/or SOAP.

[0078] At 521, a new service 501 is ready to be deployed and requests an authorization token from the discovery service 502 (UDDI Registry).

[0079] At 522, the discovery service 502 authenticates the new service 501 with the authentication/authorization database 503. Examples of such authentication and authorization mechanisms include LDAP and RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service).

[0080] At 523, the authentication/authorization Database 503 successfully authenticates the new service 501 (e.g. using LDAP, RADIUS, et al.).

[0081] At 524, the discovery service 502 returns an authentication token to the new service 501. In some embodiments, the authentication token may be an authInfo element.

[0082] At 525, the new service 501 is now ready to publish itself with the discovery service 502 and in some embodiments calls the save_business method of the discovery service 502. The authentication token obtained in the previous step, may now be passed as an element in the save business method. In particular embodiments, an authInfo element is passed in a SOAP message call of the save_business method.

[0083] At 526, the new service 501 may receive a data structure providing business details from the discovery service 502. In particular embodiments, new service 501 receives a businessDetail XML structure from the discovery Service 502 in response to the save_business call.

[0084] At 527, the new service 501 provides service details to the discovery service. In some embodiments, the new service 501 calls the save_service method of the discovery service 502.

[0085] At 528, the new service 501 receives a data structure from the discovery Service 502 in response. In some embodiments, new service 501 receives a serviceDetail XML structure from the discovery service in response to the save_service call.

[0086] At 529, the new service 501 provides binding details to the discovery service 502. In some embodiments, the new service 501 calls the save_binding method of the discovery service 502.

[0087] At 530, the new service receives a binding detail data structure from discovery service 502 in response. In some embodiments, the New Service 501 receives a bindingDetail XML structure from the discovery service 502 in response to the save_binding call.

[0088] At 531, new service 501 may provide technology model details to the discovery service. In some embodiments, the new service 501 calls the save_tModel method of the discovery service 502.

[0089] At 532, new service 501 receives a data structure representing the model detail in response. In some embodiments, the new service 501 receives a tModelDetail XML structure from the discovery service 502 in response to the save_tModel call

[0090] It should be noted that the above request/response sequence is but one possible sequence, and that variations in the sequence are possible and within the scope of the invention. For example, the order of requests may be altered in alternative embodiments, or certain requests and responses may be omitted in further alternative embodiments.

Conclusion

[0091] Systems and methods providing a discovery service in a service-oriented gaming network environment have been disclosed. Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement which is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the present invention.

[0092] The terminology used in this application is meant to include all of these environments. It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that this invention be limited only by the following claims and equivalents thereof.

Discovery service in a service-oriented gaming network environment

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