Patent Grant
7777663
The present invention relates to an amplifier circuit operating at high speed, more particularly, to a discrete time amplifier circuit and an analog-digital converter incorporating the amplifier circuit.
Signal transmission and processing can be carried out easily and efficiently by converting analog signals into digital signals. For this reason, an analog-digital converter (hereafter abbreviated as an AD converter) is a device having important functions in wireless receivers for use in mobile telephones and the like.
As data transmission speed becomes higher owing to the broadbandization of the recent communication systems, the double sampling operation technology capable of alleviating the settling characteristics of an operational amplifier serving as an analog circuit becomes more important to simultaneously attain high data transmission speed and low current consumption.
Furthermore, in the case that an AD converter is incorporated in an IC of a compact apparatus, such as a mobile telephone, such an AD converter is an important element in reducing the size and current consumption of apparatuses. Moreover, a common-mode feedback circuit (hereafter abbreviated as a CMFB circuit) constituting an amplifier circuit inside an AD converter is also required to meet the needs for reducing the size and current consumption of apparatuses.
A switched-capacitor circuit including a switched feedback capacitor C2 is connected between the input and the output of the main amplifier 2. One terminal of the switched feedback capacitor C2 is provided with a switch SW6 connected to the input of the main amplifier 2 and a switch SW7 connected to the reference voltage source 14. The other terminal of the switched feedback capacitor C2 is provided with a switch SW8 connected to the reference voltage source 14 and a switch SW9 connected to the output of the main amplifier 2. The output of the main amplifier 2 is connected to one terminal of a switched capacitor C3. The other terminal of the switched capacitor C3 is connected to the reference voltage source 14 via a switch SW11. A load circuit 4, for example, a delta-sigma modulator having a sampling capacitor C5, is connected to the output of the main amplifier 2.
The main amplifier 2 has source-connected MOS FETs 7 and 8, and the common sources of the MOS FETs 7 and 8 are connected to a constant current source 9. The drains of the FETs 7 and 8 are connected to a power source (voltage V+) via load devices (constant current load circuits) 5 and 6. The gate of the MOS FET 7 is connected to the input of the main amplifier 2, and the gate of the MOS FET 8 is connected to the reference voltage source 14. The main amplifier 2 is provided with a differential amplifier 10 to which signals from the constant current load circuits 5 and 6 are input, and the output of this differential amplifier 10 becomes the output Vout of the main amplifier 2.
An auxiliary amplifier 3 includes a pair of source-connected MOS FETs 11 and 12, and the sources thereof are connected to a constant current source 13. The gate of the MOS FET 12 is connected to the connection point between a switched capacitor C3 and a switch SW 11 via a switch SW10 and also connected to one terminal of a capacitor C4. The other terminal of the capacitor C4 is connected to the reference voltage source 14, the (+) input of the auxiliary amplifier 3 and the gate of the MOS FET 11. The drain of the MOS FET 12 is connected to the drain of the MOS FET 7 of the main amplifier 2. On the other hand, the drain of the MOS FET 11 is connected to the drain of the MOS FET 8 of the main amplifier 2.
In the conventional amplifier circuit configured as described above, the switches SW2, SW4, SW6, SW9, SW11, SW12 and SW14 simultaneously perform ON/OFF operations in response to a signal φ1. Alternately with the operations of these switches, the switches SW1, SW3, SW5, SW7, SW8, SW10, SW13 and SW15 simultaneously perform ON/OFF operations in response to a signal φ2. By the switching operations of the above-mentioned switches, the auxiliary amplifier 3 compensates for the input offset voltage of the main amplifier 2 in response to the offset error compensation voltage stored transiently in the capacitor C4.
However, since common-mode feedback control (CMFB control) cannot be performed at double sampling timing in the conventional amplifier circuit configured as described above, the output common-mode voltage varies every half cycle, and there is a problem in which the characteristics of the amplifier circuit deteriorate.
A fully differential amplifier circuit having a common-mode feedback circuit (CMFB circuit) is available as an amplifier circuit capable of performing CMFB control.
The continuous time CMFB circuit feeds back the variation in the output common-mode voltage Vcmo from the reference voltage Vref to the fully differential amplifier circuit continuously. The continuous time CMFB circuit is formed of transistors and an operational amplifier and advantageous in that the output common-mode voltage can be fed back in response to double sampling timing.
However, the continuous time CMFB circuit is disadvantageous in that the circuit is complicated and that current consumption is increased since the circuit operates at all times. Furthermore, if the performance of the active elements used therein changes, the characteristics of the circuit change, and there is a problem in which the control range that can be used to ensure the credibility of the active elements used therein is restricted.
On the other hand, the discrete time CMFB circuit feeds back the variation in the output common-mode voltage Vcmo from the reference voltage Vref in one cycle period. The discrete time CMFB circuit is formed of capacitors and switches and has no operational amplifier. Hence, the circuit is simplified easily, and the characteristics of the circuit elements thereof do not vary significantly. For these reasons, the discrete time CMFB circuit is advantageous in that the control range that can be used is not restricted.
However, since the discrete time CMFB circuit performs sampling (single sampling) every cycle and cannot perform CMFB control at double sampling timing, there is a problem in which the output common-mode voltage varies every half cycle and the characteristics of the operational amplifier deteriorate. Moreover, since the discrete time CMFB circuit performs feedback every cycle, there is a problem in which the initial pull-in period elapsing until the steady state is attained takes time.
Since the conventional amplifier circuit shown in FIG. 19 cannot perform CMFB control at double sampling timing (circuit operation performed every half cycle) as described above, the output common-mode voltage varies every half cycle, and there is a problem in which the characteristics of the operational amplifier deteriorate.
Furthermore, the conventional continuous time CMFB circuit is disadvantageous in that the circuit is complicated and that current consumption is increased since the circuit operates at all times. Moreover, if the performance of the active elements used therein changes, the characteristics of the circuit change, and there is a problem in which the control range that can be used is restricted.
Still further, since the conventional discrete time CMFB circuit cannot perform CMFB control at double sampling timing, there is a problem in which the output common-mode voltage varies every half cycle and the characteristics of the operational amplifier deteriorate. Moreover, since the conventional discrete time CMFB circuit performs feedback every cycle, there is a problem in which the so-called settling time becomes long, that is, the initial pull-in period elapsing until the steady state is attained takes time.
For the purpose of simultaneously attaining high data transmission speed and low current consumption, the present invention is intended to provide a discrete time amplifier circuit having a simple circuit configuration, operating at double sampling timing and capable of shortening convergence time and to provide an AD converter incorporating this discrete time amplifier circuit.
A discrete time amplifier circuit according to a first aspect of the present invention has a differential amplifier for amplifying a differential signal and a common-mode feedback circuit for feeding back the output voltage to the differential amplifier so that the output voltage is controlled to a reference voltage, wherein the common-mode feedback circuit comprises:
a first switched-capacitor circuit being connected, by switching every ½ cycle, to a reference voltage source or the input/output terminals of the common-mode feedback circuit to repeat sampling mode and hold mode,
a second switched-capacitor circuit being connected, by switching every ½ cycle, to the reference voltage source or the input/output terminals at a timing shifted by a ½ cycle from the switching timing of the first switched-capacitor circuit to repeat sampling mode and hold mode, and
a common-mode feedback voltage generating circuit for generating and holding a common-mode feedback voltage using charges input from the first switched-capacitor circuit and the second switched-capacitor circuit. The discrete time amplifier circuit configured as described above is simple in circuit configuration and operates at double sampling timing, thereby capable of shortening the convergence time thereof. In Embodiment 1 of the present invention described later, the first switched-capacitor circuit will be described as comprising first sampling capacitors Ca1 and switches S2, S3, S6, S7, S10, S11, S14 and S15, and the second switched-capacitor circuit will be described as comprising second sampling capacitors Ca2 and switches S1, S4, S5, S8, S9, S12, S13 and S16.
A discrete time amplifier circuit according to a second aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that a first switching signal for ON/OFF driving the first switched-capacitor circuit according to the first aspect every ½ cycle and a second switching signal for ON/OFF driving the second switched-capacitor circuit according to the first aspect every ½ cycle are set so that the first switched-capacitor circuit and the second switched-capacitor circuit do not turn ON simultaneously.
A discrete time amplifier circuit according to a third aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that the first switched-capacitor circuit and the second switched-capacitor circuit according to the first aspect each comprise capacitors and multiple switches, and that the time interval is adjusted so that the switches that connect the capacitors of the first switched-capacitor circuit and the second switched-capacitor circuit to the input side of the common-mode feedback circuit turn OFF earlier than the switches that connect the capacitors to the output side of the common-mode feedback circuit.
A discrete time amplifier circuit according to a fourth aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that the switches of the first switched-capacitor circuit and the second switched-capacitor circuit according to the first aspect are formed of a MOS transistor, that each of the switches has a dummy switch formed of a MOS transistor, the drain and source of which are connected to the output side of each of the switches, that the gate area of the dummy switch is made smaller than the gate area of each of the switches, and that the dummy switch is set so as to turn OFF at the same timing as that of each of the switches.
A discrete time amplifier circuit according to a fifth aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that the switches of the first switched-capacitor circuit and the second switched-capacitor circuit according to the first aspect are formed of a CMOS transistor.
A discrete time amplifier circuit according to a sixth aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that the capacitors of the first switched-capacitor circuit and the second switched-capacitor circuit according to the first aspect are formed of wires and insulators.
A discrete time amplifier circuit according to a seventh aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that the common-mode feedback voltage generating circuit according to the first aspect comprises multiple capacitors having different capacitance values, and the common-mode feedback circuit further comprises a common-mode feedback selection controller for selecting and switching, the capacitance value of the common-mode feedback voltage generating circuit in a steady state and a transient response state.
A discrete time amplifier circuit according to an eighth aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that the common-mode feedback selection controller according to the seventh aspect is set so that the capacitance value to be selected in the transient response state becomes smaller gradually.
A discrete time amplifier circuit according to a ninth aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that the common-mode feedback selection controller according to the seventh aspect is set so that the capacitance value selected in the final stage of the transient response state and the capacitance value selected in the steady state are 10 times the stray capacitance of the circuit from which the capacitance values are selected.
A discrete time amplifier circuit according to a 10th aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that the common-mode feedback circuit according to the first aspect is composed of multiple common-mode feedback circuits having different closed-loop gains and conforming to double sampling, and further comprises a common-mode feedback selection controller for selecting, by switching, either one of the multiple common-mode feedback circuits in a steady state and a transient response state.
A discrete time amplifier circuit according to an 11th aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that the common-mode feedback circuit according to the first aspect is composed of multiple common-mode feedback circuits having different closed-loop gains and conforming to double sampling, and has a discrete time common-mode feedback circuit and a continuous time common-mode feedback circuit, and the common-mode feedback circuit further comprises a common-mode feedback selection controller for selecting, by switching, either one of the discrete time common-mode feedback circuit and the continuous time common-mode feedback circuit in the steady state and the transient response state.
A discrete time analog-digital converter according to a 12th aspect of the present invention comprises a discrete time amplifier circuit having an operational amplification section conforming to double sampling, a differential amplifier for amplifying a differential signal and a common-mode feedback circuit for feeding back the output voltage to the differential amplifier so that the output voltage is controlled to a reference voltage, wherein the common-mode feedback circuit comprises:
a first switched-capacitor circuit being connected, by switching every ½ cycle, to a reference voltage source or the input/output terminals of the common-mode feedback circuit to repeat a sampling mode and a hold mode,
a second switched-capacitor circuit being connected, by switching every ½ cycle, to the reference voltage source or the input/output terminals at a timing shifted by a ½ cycle from the switching timing of the first switched-capacitor circuit to repeat the sampling mode and the hold mode, and
a common-mode feedback voltage generating circuit for generating and holding a common-mode feedback voltage using charges input from the first switched-capacitor circuit and the second switched-capacitor circuit. The discrete time analog-digital converter configured as described above can simultaneously attain high data transmission speed and low current consumption and serves as a highly versatile device.
A discrete time analog-digital converter according to a 13th aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that the common-mode feedback voltage generating circuit according to the 12th aspect comprises multiple capacitors having different capacitance values, and the common-mode feedback circuit further comprises a common-mode feedback selection controller for selecting and switching, the capacitance value of the common-mode feedback voltage generating circuit in a steady state and a transient response state, and
the common-mode feedback selection controller selects, by switching, the common-mode feedback circuit at predetermined time intervals in synchronization with the input of power source.
A discrete time analog-digital converter according to a 14th aspect of the present invention may be characterized in that the common-mode feedback voltage generating circuit according to the 12th aspect comprises multiple capacitors having different capacitance values, and the common-mode feedback circuit further comprises a common-mode feedback selection controller for selecting and switching, the capacitance value of the common-mode feedback voltage generating circuit in a steady state and a transient response state, and
the common-mode feedback selection controller has a saturated state detection circuit for detecting that the analog input signal is in a saturated state by detecting that the digital output signal of the operational amplification section has reached its maximum or minimum for a preset continuous period or longer, and the common-mode feedback selection controller selects, by switching, the common-mode feedback circuit at preset time intervals when the analog input signal has returned from the saturated state.
The present invention provides a discrete time amplifier circuit having a simple circuit configuration, operating at double sampling timing and capable of shortening convergence time and provides an AD converter incorporating the discrete time amplifier circuit, thereby capable of simultaneously attaining high data transmission speed and low current consumption.
While the novel features of the invention are set forth particularly in the appended claims, the invention, both as to organization and content, will be better understood and appreciated, along with other objects and features thereof, from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
It will be recognized that some or all of the Figures are schematic representations for purposes of illustration and do not necessarily depict the actual relative sizes or locations of the elements shown.
Preferred embodiments of a discrete time amplifier circuit and an analog-digital converter (hereafter simply referred to as an AD converter) incorporating the discrete time amplifier circuit according to the present invention will be described below referring to the accompanying drawings.
The CMFB circuit 2 according to Embodiment 1 is equipped with multiple capacitors Ca1, Ca2 and Cb and multiple switches S1 to S16. The multiple capacitors of the CMFB circuit 2 include first sampling capacitors Ca1, second sampling capacitors Ca2 and hold capacitors Cb. The first sampling capacitor Ca1 and the second sampling capacitor Ca2 alternately sample a charge corresponding to the reference voltage Vref every ½ cycle. The hold capacitor Cb is connected to the input and output of the CMFB circuit 2 and configured so as to be connected in parallel with the first sampling capacitor Ca1 or the second sampling capacitor Ca2 by predetermined switching operation. The hold capacitor Cb has a function of holding the common-mode feedback voltage Vcmfb of the CMFB circuit 2.
The multiple switches S1 to S16 in the CMFB circuit 2 are configured so as to perform ON/OFF operation every ½ cycle so that the first sampling capacitor Ca1 and the second sampling capacitor Ca2 carry out sampling operation alternately every ½ cycle and so that the hold capacitor Cb holds the common-mode feedback voltage Vcmfb of the CMFB circuit 2. In the following descriptions, a mode in which a reference voltage source (Vref) is connected to a sampling capacitor Ca so that a charge is stored therein is referred to as a sampling mode, and a mode in which the current of the differential amplifier 1 is adjusted so that the reference voltage Vref, i.e., the voltage of the sampling capacitor Ca, becomes equal to the voltage of the hold capacitor Cb i.e., the output common-mode voltage Vcmo, is referred to as a hold mode. Hence, the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is configured so that the sampling mode and the hold mode using the first sampling capacitor Ca1 and the hold mode and the sampling mode using the second sampling capacitor Ca2 are carried out alternately every ½ cycle.
In a ½ cycle period, as shown in
In the next ½ cycle period, as shown in
In Embodiment 1 according to the present invention, the first sampling capacitors Ca1 and the switches S2, S3, S6, S7, S10, S11, S14 and S15 constitute a first switched-capacitor circuit, and the second sampling capacitors Ca2 and the switches S1, S4, S5, S8, S9, S12, S13 and S16 constitute a second switched-capacitor circuit.
In the configuration of the CMFB circuit 2 according to Embodiment 1 shown in
As shown in the signal waveform diagrams of
The charge injection mixed on the output side can be reduced and the variation in the common-mode feedback voltage Vcmfb output from the CMFB circuit 2 can also be reduced by controlling the ON/OFF operations of the respective switches as described above. The charge injection is herein a phenomenon in which the charge stored in a switch is output to the circuit when the switch is changed from the ON state to the OFF state.
In the signal waveforms shown in
Next, the effect of the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention configured as described above will be described below.
Since the conventional discrete time CMFB circuit shown in
On the other hand, since the CMFB circuit 2 according to Embodiment 1 shown in
As shown in
In the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the output common-mode voltage Vcmo does not vary substantially as shown in
As shown in
As described above, in the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the switched-capacitor CMFB circuit thereof is configured so as to perform double sampling. Hence, the characteristics (distortion and noise characteristics) of the amplifier circuit are improved remarkably. In addition, since the CMFB circuit is configured so as to operate every ½ cycle, the return time from the transient response state to the steady state is shortened outstandingly.
The discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 1 is provided with the first switched-capacitor circuit comprising the first sampling capacitors Ca1 and the switches S2, S3, S6, S7, S10, S11, S14 and S15; the second switched-capacitor circuit comprising the second sampling capacitors Ca2 and the switches S1, S4, S5, S8, S9, S12, S13 and S16; and a common-mode feedback voltage generating circuit comprising the hold-mode capacitors Cb, and is configured such that the common-mode feedback voltage generating circuit is shared by the first switched-capacitor circuit and the second switched-capacitor circuit. Hence, the amplifier circuit is simplified in comparison with the amplifier circuit in which a double sampling CMFB circuit is configured using two single sampling CMFB circuits.
The CMFB circuit 2 in the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 1 may be configured so that the switches are formed of a MOS transistor and so that the MOS transistor has a dummy switch.
As shown in
With this configuration of the switches of the CMFB circuit, the charge Δq caused by charge injection and output when the first NMOS transistor Mtr turns OFF is absorbed in the source and the drain of the second nMOS transistor Dtr that serves as a dummy switch and turns ON when the first nMOS transistor Mtr turns OFF, wherein the charge Δq/2 is absorbed in each of the source and the drain of the second nMOS transistor Dtr. As a result, the charge that is output when the switch turns OFF does not flow into the circuit, whereby the variation in the output of the CMFB circuit is suppressed and highly accurate feedback can be carried out.
Furthermore, in the CMFB circuit 2 in the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 1, the switches of the first switched-capacitor circuit and the second switched-capacitor circuit may also be formed of a CMOS transistor. In the case that the switches are formed of a CMOS transistor, the resistance value during switch operation can be reduced in comparison with the case that the switches are formed of only an nMOS transistor or a PMOS transistor. Hence, the configuration has an effect of improving the performance of the CMFB circuit so that the output thereof is not changed by the distortion and noise caused by the nonlinearity of the switch.
Moreover, in the CMFB circuit 2 in the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 1, the capacitors of the switched-capacitor circuits may be formed of wires and insulators.
Generally speaking, MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) capacitors, MOM (Metal-Oxide-Metal) capacitors, etc. are available as capacitors formed of wires and insulators. The variations in the capacitance values of these capacitors can be made smaller than the variations in the capacitance values of ordinary capacitors. Hence, the capacitors produce an effect capable of improving the performance of the CMFB circuit so that the variation in the output voltage of the CMFB circuit owing to the variation in the closed-loop gain of the CMFB circuit is made smaller.
The double sampling discrete time amplifier circuit has been described in the above-mentioned Embodiment 1. In addition, with the use of the double sampling discrete time amplifier circuit for an AD converter, it is possible to construct an AD converter being simple in circuit configuration and featuring low current consumption. Since the distortion and noise characteristics of the differential amplifier are improved, a highly accurate AD converter is obtained, and the AD converter can be provided as a highly versatile device.
A discrete time amplifier circuit and an AD converter incorporating the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described below referring to the accompanying drawings.
In the CMFB circuit 20 according to Embodiment 2, as shown in the signal waveform diagrams of
Furthermore, in the CMFB circuit 20 according to Embodiment 2, the sampling capacitors Ca1, Ca2, Ca3, . . . , Can may have different capacitances. In other words, it may also be possible to have a configuration in which the gain of the hold mode circuit switched using the switches changes so that the feedback gain changes sequentially. For example, the gain in the hold mode in a one cycle period is set so as to become smaller gradually every 1/n cycle. The capacitance of the capacitor Can that goes into the hold mode in the initial stage of one cycle becomes maximum, and the capacitance of the capacitor Ca1 that goes into the hold mode in the final stage becomes minimum. However, in consideration of the stray capacitance of the circuit in the final stage, it is preferable that the capacitance of the capacitor Ca1, becoming minimum, should be set 10 or more times the stray capacitance of the circuit. If the capacitance of the capacitor Ca1, becoming minimum, is set less than 10 times the stray capacitance of the circuit, the function in the hold mode is not performed, and the feedback circuit becomes unstable in some cases.
If the capacitances of the respective sampling capacitors Ca1, Ca2, Ca3, . . . , Can are the same as the capacitance of the sampling capacitor Ca1 having a large feedback gain in the initial stage, the convergence of the output variation becomes faster. However, there is a problem in which ringing occurs in the voltage input to the main amplifier 2 even in the sampling capacitor Can in the final stage and the voltage becomes unstable.
On the other hand, if the capacitances of the respective sampling capacitors Ca1, Ca2, Ca3, . . . , Can are the same as the capacitance of the sampling capacitor Can having a small feedback gain in the initial stage, the voltage input to the main amplifier 2 becomes stable and has a constant value. However, the convergence of the output variation becomes slower, and there is a problem in which the settling time increases.
Hence, the sampling mode and the hold mode are repeated n times in a ½ cycle, and the sampling capacitance is changed so that the feedback gain is changed from a large value to a small value. Hence, the convergence in the sampling capacitor in the initial stage can be made faster, and the voltage input to the main amplifier 2 in the sampling capacitor Can in the final stage can be stabilized.
Since the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 2 has the n-sampling discrete time CMFB circuit 20 as described above, the discrete time amplifier circuit has a configuration capable of carrying out highly accurate control. Hence, the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 2 has an excellent effect capable of accelerating the convergence and stabilizing the voltage input to the main amplifier.
The double sampling discrete time amplifier circuit has been described in the above-mentioned Embodiment 2. In addition, with the use of the double sampling discrete time amplifier circuit for an AD converter, it is possible to construct an AD converter being simple in circuit configuration and featuring low current consumption. Since the distortion and noise characteristics of the differential amplifier are improved, a highly accurate AD converter is obtained, and the AD converter can be provided as a highly versatile device.
A discrete time amplifier circuit and an AD converter incorporating the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described below referring to the accompanying drawings.
The CMFB circuit 30 in the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 3 is provided with a CMFB selection controller 31 and is configured so that the hold capacitor to be used is selected using the CMFB selection control signal from the CMFB selection controller 31.
In the CMFB circuit 30 according to Embodiment 3, the capacitances of the hold capacitors Cb1, Cb2, Cb3, . . . , Cbn are different from one another, the loop gain, that is, the feedback gain, of the CMFB circuit 30 can be switched using the switches Sw1, Sw2, Sw3, . . . , Swn. Hence, the return time from the transient response state to the steady state can be shortened and the convergence can be accelerated by switching the loop gain of the CMFB circuit 30. The loop gain of the CMFB circuit 30 is set high in the initial stage of the transient response state so as to become lower gradually and is set lowest in the steady state. In consideration of the stray capacitance of the circuit in the final stage, it is preferable that the loop gain value in the final stage of the transient response state should be set 10 or more times the stray capacitance of the circuit. If the capacitance of the capacitor Cb1, becoming minimum, is set less than 10 times the stray capacitance of the circuit, the output variation (ΔVcmo) serving as the error voltage between the reference voltage (Vref) and the output common-mode voltage (Vcmo) of the main amplifier 2 is input as the combination of the capacitance of the hold capacitor and the stray capacitance, the feedback gain lowers and the stability deteriorates. For example, in the case that the stray capacitance equivalent to the capacitance of the hold capacitor is present at the output terminal of the hold capacitor, the feedback of the variation output to the main amplifier 2 is halved. In addition, since the stray capacitance is generally grounded to the ground serving as a lower electrode, the noise voltage superimposed on the ground is also halved and input to the main amplifier 2, and the stability further deteriorates.
The following describes the reason why the convergence from the transient response state to the steady state is improved by changing the loop gain as described above.
The output common-mode voltage Vcmo from the discrete time amplifier circuit is represented by Formula 1 described below.
Vcmo=(Vout++Vout−)/2 (1)
Furthermore, the variation ΔVcmfb of the common-mode feedback voltage Vcmfb in each of the sampling mode and the hold mode is represented by Formula 2 described below.
ΔVcmfb=(Ca/(Ca+Cb))−(Vcmo−Vref) (2)
wherein Ca designates a sampling capacitor being used for the circuit, Cb designates a hold capacitor being used for the circuit, and Vref designates the reference voltage.
The feedback gain Gfb(=Ca/(Ca+Cb)) for ensuring stability in the steady state is set low. However, in the case that the feedback gain Gfb is also low in the transient response state, there is a problem in which the return time to the steady state becomes long.
Next, for example, the case in which Ca=Cb/4 is established and the feedback gain Gfb is set low and the case in which Ca=Cb is established and the feedback gain Gfb is set high, Gfb=0.5, will be described below.
When the feedback gain is set low, Gfb=0.25, as shown in
When the feedback gain is set high, Gfb=0.5, in the transient response state and then set low, Gfb=0, in the steady state as shown in
In the CMFB circuit 30 in the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 3, the feedback gain of the CMFB circuit may be set so as to be switched in synchronization with the switching ON timing of the power source of the amplifier circuit so that the feedback gain becomes lower gradually at preset time intervals. This setting has an effect capable of shortening the convergence time required until the amplifier circuit is stabilized from the transient response sate to the steady state while the amplifier circuit is ON.
The double sampling discrete time amplifier circuit has been described in the above-mentioned Embodiment 3. In addition, with the use of the double sampling discrete time amplifier circuit for an AD converter, it is possible to attain the shortening of the return time from the transient response state to the steady state and the stability in the steady state, and an AD converter having high reliability can be provided.
A discrete time amplifier circuit and an AD converter incorporating the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described below referring to the accompanying drawings.
In the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 4, as described in the above-mentioned Embodiment 3, an appropriate feedback gain can be selected, by switching, to shorten the return time from the transient response state to the steady state and to ensure stability in the steady state. Also in the CMFB circuit 40 according to Embodiment 4, the feedback gain is set high in the initial stage of the transient response state so as to become lower gradually and is set lowest in the steady state. Hence, the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 4 has an effect similar to that obtained in the discrete time amplifier circuit according to the above-mentioned Embodiment 3. In addition, the switching operation can be carried out stably and securely using the multiple CMFB sections provided in the amplifier circuit.
The double sampling discrete time amplifier circuit has been described in the above-mentioned Embodiment 4. In addition, with the use of the double sampling discrete time amplifier circuit for an AD converter, it is possible to attain the shortening of the return time from the transient response state to the steady state and the stability in the steady state, and an AD converter having high reliability can be provided.
A discrete time amplifier circuit and an AD converter incorporating the discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention will be described below referring to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in
The discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 5 uses the continuous time CMFB circuit 52 being excellent in convergence and the discrete time CMFB circuit 51 featuring low current consumption and being excellent in distortion and noise characteristics, and either one of them is selected appropriately to enhance the convergence in the transient response state and to ensure the stability in the steady state. It is thus possible to provide an amplifier circuit and an AD converter being high in reliability.
An AD converter incorporating a discrete time amplifier circuit according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention will be described below referred to the accompanying drawings.
The AD converter according to Embodiment 6 is configured so that the transition to the steady state of the amplifier circuit is accelerated and the AD converter is quickly returned to the steady state in the case that the state of the analog signal is returned from the saturated state at the time of excessive analog input.
The CMFB circuit controller 63 of the AD converter according to Embodiment 6 has a saturated state detection circuit that detects that the analog input signal is in the saturated state when the detection circuit detects that the digital output signal of the AD converter has reached its maximum or minimum for a preset continuous period or longer. Upon detecting that the analog input signal is in the saturated state, the saturated state detection circuit selects a CMFB circuit having an appropriate feedback gain from among the multiple CMFB circuits provided in the amplifier circuit and activates the selected CMFB circuit. Furthermore, in the steady state in which the saturated state detection circuit detects that the analog input signal has returned from the saturated state, the saturated state detection circuit selects a CMFB circuit having an appropriate feedback gain and activates the selected CMFB circuit.
The saturated state detection circuit of the CMFB circuit controller 63 is formed of a counter. Although various kinds of counters, such as asynchronous/synchronous counters and counters conforming to various systems, are available as the counter, the saturated state detection circuit according to Embodiment 6 is formed of a counter detecting the n-th power of 2 and comprising n D-flip-flop circuits connected in cascade.
As shown in
When an input digital signal, for example, a “1”-level signal or a “0”-level signal, is input continuously for a predetermined period (number of times: n-th power of 2) to the saturated state detection circuit 64 according to Embodiment 6 (at step 2), the saturated state detection circuit 64 of the CMFB circuit controller 63 detects that the analog signal input to the AD converter is in a saturated state, and the CMFB circuit controller 63 sets the output signal delivered to the amplifier circuit 60 High (at step 4). When the High signal is input from the CMFB circuit controller 63, a CMFB circuit having an appropriate feedback gain in the saturated state is selected, and the AD converter is driven so that the convergence to the steady state is accelerated. When the input digital signal, for example, a “1”-level signal or a “0”-level signal, is not input continuously for the predetermined period (number of times: n-th power of 2) to the saturated state detection circuit 64 serving as a counter, the counter is reset (at step 3).
Although Embodiments 1 to 6 have been described as specific examples of preferred embodiments according to the present invention, the configurations having been described in these embodiments and also corresponding to other embodiments are applicable to the other embodiments as a matter of course. Furthermore, the present invention has the configurations generally included in discrete time amplifier circuits and AD converters, although the configurations are omitted in the respective embodiments.
As described above, the discrete time amplifier circuit and the AD converter according to the present invention are provided with a switched-capacitor common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit capable of detecting and feeding back an output common-mode voltage at every sampling timing in the case that the circuit operates at double sampling timing (every ½ cycle), thereby being capable of simultaneously attaining high data transmission speed and low current consumption.
Furthermore, the discrete time amplifier circuit and the AD converter according to the present invention are configured so that the output of the discrete time CMFB circuit having a different loop gain every ½ cycle can be fed back to the differential amplifier. Hence, the return from the transient response state to the steady state of the differential amplifier operating at double sampling timing synchronized with a high speed clock can be shortened, and the distortion and noise characteristics of the differential amplifier can be improved using a circuit being simple in configuration and featuring low current consumption.
Since the discrete time CMFB circuit is provided in the present invention, the amplifier circuit can be reduced in current consumption and simplified in configuration, the variation in the output common-mode voltage at double sampling timing can be suppressed, and the setting accuracy of the differential amplifier can be prevented from deteriorating. Moreover, since the CMFB circuit operates every ½ cycle in the present invention, the return time from the transient response state to the steady state can be shortened remarkably.
The present invention provides an amplifier circuit that simultaneously attains high data transmission speed and low current consumption and serves as a highly versatile and useful device applicable to various apparatuses.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the presently preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that such disclosure is not to be interpreted as limiting. Various alterations and modifications will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, after having read the above disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as covering all alterations and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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| 2007-287217 | Nov 2007 | JP | national |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20090115523 A1 | May 2009 | US |
