Patent Grant
8009537
This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-153648, filed on Jun. 29, 2009, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a disk inspection apparatus and, more particularly, to discrimination of disk deterioration.
2. Related Art
In general, in a CD or DVD rental business or in a disk production process, it is a common practice to polish and restore a disk scratched or contaminated during use of the disk. For example, in a rental shop, a disk which is deeply scratched when used by a user or about which a user claims that reproduction from the disk cannot be performed because of a scratch or the like is reused after polishing the surface of the disk with a special-purpose polisher so that the scratch is erased. Polishing to a depth of about 5 to 10 microns is required to erase a scratch. Therefore, the lower limit of a disk thickness specification of, for example, a DVD disk is reached by polishing about 1 to 5 times.
Meanwhile, a pickup mounted in a CD drive or a DVD drive has an objective lens designed and corrected so as to focus with accuracy in focusing through a disk substrate having a high refractive index when the substrate has a predetermined thickness. If the thickness of the disk substrate is reduced, a spherical aberration occurs and reduces the accuracy of focusing. For this reason, the deterioration in jitter characteristic progresses each time polishing is performed.
JP 10-134527 A discloses a process in which the state of an information recording surface of an optical disk is determined by making a determination as to whether or not an error correction can be made to reproduced data or by computing the number of symbols on which correction has been executed and comparing with a threshold value the result of count of the number of error-correction-failed sequences or the number of sequences on which correction of N symbols or more has been executed, and in which a warning is produced according to the determined state.
JP 3093865 U discloses a process in which while data are being read out from an optical disk and monitored, a track detection position at which the data are discontinuous is recognized as a position at which a scratch exists, while the depth of the scratch is estimated while the pickup is being focused at the scratch on the optical disk; and the optical disk is polished according to the depth of the scratch in a track range in which the scratch exists.
JP 2004-330375 A discloses a process in which the depth and size of a scratch in an optical disk surface are determined and polishing is performed in an optimal fashion according to the determination results.
In a case where a scratch exists in a disk, there is a possibility that the scratch may be removed by polishing the disk surface. However, if the amount of polishing of the disk surface is increased, a spherical aberration is produced and causes a deterioration in jitter characteristic. With respect to a case where a disk having reproduction fault exists, therefore, there is demand for ascertaining, in a short time period, with reliability, whether the cause of deterioration of the disk is a scratch and the disk can be restored if polished, or there is a deterioration in jitter characteristic as a result of excessive polishing and the disk cannot be restored by further polishing. If this cannot be done, there is a possibility of performing useless processing such as processing to further polish a disk which, essentially, has already been polished excessively and for which perform further polishing is meaningless, or processing to discard a disk which is deteriorated essentially due to a scratch and which can be restored if polished.
The present invention provides a disk inspection apparatus capable of ascertaining whether or not the cause of a deterioration of a disk is a scratch; in other words, whether or not the disk can be restored by polishing, and executing suitable processing according to the cause of the deterioration.
A disk inspection apparatus according to the present invention has means for detecting the number of error corrections PIE and the number of error correction failures PIF in a predetermined section of data reproduced from a disk; means for discriminating the disk as a normal disk, a scratched disk, or a disk with a deterioration in jitter characteristic by comparing the number of error corrections PIE and the number of error correction failures PIF respectively with predetermined threshold values in the magnitude relationship therebetween; and means for outputting a discrimination result.
Another disk inspection apparatus according to the present invention has means for detecting the number of error corrections PIE and the number of error correction failures PIF in a predetermined section of data reproduced from a disk; means for discriminating the disk as a normal disk, a polishable disk, or an unpolishable disk by comparing the number of error corrections PIE and the number of error correction failures PIF with a first threshold value and a second threshold value, respectively, in the magnitude relationship therebetween; and means for outputting a discrimination result.
In the present invention, the discriminating means may discriminate the disk by comparing the minimum or the average of the number of error corrections PIE in the predetermined section with the first threshold value, and comparing the maximum of the number of error correction failures PIF with the second threshold value in the magnitude relationship therebetween.
Also, in the present embodiment, the discriminating means discriminates the disk as a disk with a deterioration in jitter characteristic or as an unpolishable disk when the minimum or the average of the number of error corrections PIE exceeds the first threshold value; discriminates the disk as a normal disk when the maximum of the number of error correction failures PIF is equal to or smaller than the second threshold value, and when the minimum or the average of the number of error corrections PIE is equal to or smaller than the first threshold value; and discriminates the disk as a scratched disk or a polishable disk when the minimum or the average of the number of error corrections PIE is equal to or smaller than the first threshold value, and when the maximum of the number of error correction failures PIF exceeds the second threshold value.
According to the present invention, determination is made as to whether or not the cause of a deterioration of a disk is a scratch; in other words, whether or not the disk can be restored by polishing, thereby enabling execution of suitable processing according to the cause of the deterioration.
The present invention can be understood more clearly from its embodiment described below. However, the embodiment described below is illustrative only and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings with respect to inspection of an optical disk by way of example.
A pickup (PU) 14 has an objective lens which condenses on a recording surface of the disk 10 laser light emitted from a semiconductor laser, and a photodetector which receives light reflected from the disk 10 and converts the light into an electrical signal. The pickup (PU) 14 applies laser light of reproduction power to the disk 10, receives the light reflected from the disk 10, and takes out the light as a reproduction signal. The pickup (PU) 14 has a focus servo and a tracking servo, which are well known per se. It is also well known that the pickup (PU) 14 is driven in a radial direction of the disk 10 by a thread motor constituted by a stepping motor. The pickup (PU) 14 supplies the reproduction signal read out from the disk 10 to a decoding section 16.
The decoding section 16 binarizes and demodulates the reproduction signal and supplies the demodulated reproduction signal to an error check and correction (ECC) control section 18. A focus error signal and a tracking error signal produced from the reproduction signal are respectively supplied to a focus servo section and a tracking servo section, while an address signal contained in the reproduction signal is supplied to an address detection section.
The ECC control section 18 executes error correction processing on data demodulated in the decoding section 16. The error correction processing is error correction using a Reed-Solomon code. The demodulated data are corrected on an ECC block basis. Each of the ECC blocks is a product code between an inner code (PI) sequence and an outer code (PO) sequence and has a parity added thereto. The ECC control section 18 reads out the demodulated data with respect to each PI sequence and corrects the demodulated data by detecting an error byte from the demodulated data. The ECC control section 18 counts the number of error corrections made (hereinafter referred to as “PIE” (parity inner errors)) and the number of errors that have been uncorrectable (hereinafter referred to as “PIF” (parity inner failures)). and stores the numbers in a memory 19. After completing processing on all PI sequences, the ECC control section 18 proceeds to processing on PO sequences. The ECC control section 18 executes error correction processing as described above with respect to an arbitrary one of tracks in the disk 10, counts the PIE and the PIF with respect to each ECC block, and stores the numbers of PIE and PIF one after another in the memory 19. The ECC control section 18 then computes the minimum or the average of the PIE in a plurality of ECC blocks, computes the maximum of the PIF in the plurality of ECC blocks, and supplies these values to a comparison section 20. The plurality of ECC blocks may be, for example, 16 blocks.
The comparison section 20 compares the minimum or average of the PIE and the maximum of the PIF from the ECC control section 18 respectively with predetermined threshold values in the magnitude relationships therebetween. The two threshold values are stored in a memory 22 in advance. The comparison section 20 determines whether the disk to be inspected 10 is a scratched disk, a disk with a deterioration in jitter characteristic as a result of polishing, or a normal disk according to the result of comparison between the minimum or average of the PIE and the threshold value and the result of comparison between the maximum of the PIF and the threshold value, and outputs a determination result.
The determination result from the comparison section 20 is displayed, for example, on a display (not shown) to notify a user who handles the disk 10. Also, the determination result may be supplied to a loader to enable the loader to automatically sort the disk 10 according to the determination result.
The determination result from the disk inspection apparatus 1 shown in
By the above-described processing, a substantially large number of disks 10 can be sorted in a short time period. For example, in a rental shop, disks 10 sorted and stocked in the stocker 101 are exposed as is for sale; disks 10 sorted and stocked in the stocker 102 are exposed after being polished with a special-purpose polisher; and disks 10 sorted and stocked in the stocker 103 are discarded.
A polisher for polishing disks 10 sorted and stocked in the stocker 102 may be incorporated. The loader 30 takes out the disks 10 sorted and stocked in the stocker 102 one after another to supply the disks 10 to a polisher. The polisher polishes the surfaces of the disks to remove scratches. The loader 30 houses the polished disks 10 in the stocker 101. Needless to say, each polished disk 10 may be transported to the disk inspection apparatus 1 to be inspected again. If the disk 10 is determined to be normal by reinspection after polishing, the loader 30 houses the disk 10 in the stocker 101.
After measurement of the PIE and the PIF, the comparison section 20 compares the minimum or average of the PIE with the predetermined threshold value in the magnitude relationship therebetween (S102). For example, the comparison section 20 compares the minimum of the PIE in 16 ECC blocks with the predetermined threshold value. The PIE is the number of error corrections in the PI sequence, as described above. If the thickness of the disk substrate is reduced by polishing the disk 10, a spherical aberration is correspondingly produced and causes a deterioration in jitter characteristic of the reproduction signal. With the deterioration in jitter characteristic, the possibility of occurrence of errors is increased, so that the PIE is increased. That is, the PIE can function as an index indicating the extent to which the disk 10 has been polished. Accordingly, if the result of comparison between the minimum of the PIE and the predetermined threshold value in the magnitude relationship therebetween is that the minimum of the PIE is not equal to or smaller than the threshold value; that is, the PIE is larger than the threshold value, the comparison section 20 determines the disk 10 as a disk with a deterioration in jitter characteristic due to polishing (S104). If the minimum of the PIE is equal to or smaller than the threshold value, the comparison section 20 compares the maximum of the PIF with the threshold value in the magnitude relationship therebetween (S103). The PIF is the number of error correction failures with respect to the PI sequence, as described above. If the disk 10 has a scratch, the possibility of error correction failure is high, so that the PIF is increased. That is, the PIF can function as an index indicating the degree of seriousness of a scratch on the disk 10. Accordingly, if the result of comparison between the maximum of the PIF and the predetermined threshold value in the magnitude relationship therebetween is that the maximum of the PIF is equal to or smaller than the predetermined threshold value, the comparison section 20 determines the disk 10 to be a normal disk (S105). If the maximum of the PIF is larger than the predetermined threshold value, the comparison section 20 determines the disk 10 to be a scratched disk (S106).
As described above, the disk inspection apparatus 1 discriminates the disk to be inspected 10 as one of three types: a normal disk, a scratched disk, and a disk with a deterioration in jitter characteristic. Scratches on a scratched disk can be removed by polishing with a polisher. With respect to a disk with a deterioration in jitter characteristic, further polishing the disk is meaningless, because polishing has already been excessively performed thereon and, therefore, polishing of the disk is not performed.
If the minimum of the PIE is equal to or smaller than the threshold value, the comparison section 20 determines the disk 10 to be a disk basically capable of being polished, and further compares the maximum of the PIF with the threshold value in the magnitude relationship therebetween (S203). If the maximum of the PIF is equal to or smaller than the threshold value, the comparison section 20 determines the disk to be inspected 10 to be a normal disk, and the disk is reused without being polished (S205). If the maximum of the PIF exceeds the threshold value, the comparison section 20 determines that the disk has a scratch and needs polishing, and polishing of the disk with a polisher is executed one time (S206). Processing in S201 and the other subsequent steps is repeated after polishing. If the minimum or average of the PIE is equal to or smaller than the threshold value, and if the maximum of the PIF is also equal to or smaller than the threshold value, the disk is determined to be a normal disk. If the maximum of the PIF exceeds the threshold value while the minimum or average of the PIE is equal to or smaller than the threshold value, polishing is again executed in S206 (second-time polishing). That is, polishing is repeatedly executed until the maximum of the PIF becomes equal to or smaller than the threshold value.
As the disk 10 is polished, the PIF decreases, because the depth of scratches is reduced (scratches are erased). However, if there are scratches having an excessively large depth exceeding the allowable amount of polishing, the PIF does not change substantially. As the disk 10 is polished, the PIE increases. By excessive polishing, the PIE increases to be soon recognized as a jitter error. That is, in a case where the maximum of the PIF does not become equal to or smaller than the threshold value even after executing polishing in S206 a certain number of times in the process shown in the processing flowchart of
If the minimum or average of the PIE is equal to or smaller than the threshold value, the comparison section 20 determines the disk 10 to be a disk basically capable of being polished, and further compares the maximum of the PIF with the threshold value in the magnitude relationship therebetween (S303). If the maximum of the PIF is equal to or smaller than the threshold value, the comparison section 20 determines the disk to be inspected 10 to be a normal disk (S308). If the maximum of the PIF exceeds the threshold value, a computation section in the comparison section 20 computes the allowable number of times polishing is performed (S304) and computes the number of times polishing is to be performed to erase scratches (S305).
Description will be made of the allowable number of times polishing is performed and the number of times polishing is to be performed to erase scratches.
The number of times polishing is to be performed to erase scratches is the number of executions of polishing required to reduce the PIF to a value equal to or smaller than the threshold value. The number of times polishing is to be performed is computed by actually measuring the relationship between polishing one time and the reduction in the PIF with respect to a plurality of disks provided as a sample. In general, the polishing depth in polishing one time is changed along the disk radial direction, and the change in polishing depth along the disk radial direction depends on a characteristic of a polisher. The reduction in the PIF also varies depending on the present PIF value. That is, the reduction in the PIF by polishing one time is ordinarily specified as a function of the disk radial position and the present PIF value.
The allowable number of times polishing is performed is the number of times at which the minimum or average of the PIE does not exceed the threshold value. The allowable number of times polishing is performed is computed by actually measuring the relationship between polishing one time and the increase in the PIE with respect to a plurality of disks provided as a sample. The change in polishing depth along the disk radial direction in polishing one time depends on a characteristic of a polisher, and the increase in the PIE also varies depending on the present PIE value, as in the case of the PIF. That is, the increase in the PIE by polishing one time is specified as a function of the disk radial position and the present PIE value.
Referring again to
In the present embodiment, as described above, the two physical quantities PIE and PIF are used and respectively compared with the threshold values in the magnitude relationship therebetween, thereby enabling the inspected disk 10 to be discriminated as a normal disk, a scratched disk which needs polishing, or a disk with a deterioration in jitter characteristic and incapable of being polished.
In the present embodiment, it is desirable to perform inspection basically through the entire periphery between the inner and outer peripheral sides of the disk 10. However, it may be the case that inspection is performed only on one to several tracks at the inner peripheral side, one to several tracks at an intermediate position between the inner and outer peripheral sides, and one to several tracks at the outer peripheral side. For example, data in one track at the inner peripheral side are reproduced, the PIE and the PIF therein are measured, and determinations are made with respect to the PIE and the PIF. Subsequently, data in one track at an intermediate position between the inner and outer peripheral sides are reproduced, the PIE and the PIF therein are measured, and determinations are made with respect to the PIE and the PIF. As shown in the processing in
Also, since in ordinary cases the disk is polished more deeply at the outer, peripheral side than at the inner peripheral side, inspection of the disk 10 may be executed from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side instead of being executed from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side.
In the present embodiment, the PIE and the PIF are measured in correspondence with a plurality of ECC blocks (a total of 16 ECC blocks). However, the present invention is not limited to this. The PIE and the PIF may be measured in correspondence with a plurality of ECC blocks or a predetermined number of ECC blocks and determinations may be made with respect to the PIE and the PIF. In short, discrimination of the disk as one of a normal disk, a scratched disk, and a disk with a deterioration in jitter characteristic may be made on the basis of the PIE and the PIF in a predetermined section to output the discrimination result.
Also, although in the present embodiment the disk 10 is discriminated as one of a normal disk, a scratched disk, and a disk with a deterioration in jitter characteristic, the description of the embodiment may be reread by replacing “a scratched disk” with “a polishable disk (restorable by polishing)” and replacing “a disk with a deterioration in jitter characteristic” with “an unpolishable disk (which has already been polished excessively and for which performing further polishing is meaningless)”, and the disk 10 may be discriminated as one of a normal disk, a polishable disk, and an unpolishable disk.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-153648 | Jun 2009 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100329093 | Kubo et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 10134527 | May 1998 | JP |
| 3093865 | Feb 2003 | JP |
| 2004330375 | Nov 2004 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100329093 A1 | Dec 2010 | US |
