Patent Grant
8064301
The present invention relates to a disk recording medium such as an optical disk or the like, a disk manufacturing method for manufacturing the disk recording medium, and a disk drive apparatus and a reproducing method for the disk recording medium, and particularly to a disk having a track wobbled as a pregroove.
As technology for recording and reproducing digital data, there is a data recording technology using optical disks (including magneto-optical disks) such for example as CD (Compact Disk), MD (Mini-Disk), and DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) for recording media. The optical disk is a generic term for recording media that are disks having a metallic thin plate protected with plastic and irradiated with laser light to read a signal through change in the reflected light.
Optical disks for example include reproduction-only types known as CD, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM and the like and user data recordable types known as MD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM and the like. The recordable types allow data to be recorded thereon by using a magneto-optic recording method, a phase change recording method, a dye film change recording method and the like. The dye film change recording method is also referred to as a write-once recording method, which allows data recording only once and does not allow rewriting. The dye film change recording method is therefore suitable for data storing purposes and the like.
On the other hand, the magneto-optic recording method and the phase change recording method allow data rewriting, and are used for various purposes including recording of various contents data such as music, video, games, application programs and the like.
To record data on a recordable disk by the magneto-optic recording method, the dye film change recording method, the phase change recording method or the like requires guiding means for tracking a data track. Thus, a groove is formed in advance as a pregroove, and the groove or a land (a portion of trapezoidal cross section sandwiched between grooves) is used as a data track.
It is also necessary to record address information so that data can be recorded at predetermined positions on the data track. The address information may be recorded by wobbling the groove.
Specifically, the track for recording data is formed in advance as a pregroove, for example, and side walls of the pregroove are wobbled in correspondence with the address information.
This makes it possible to read addresses from wobbling information obtained as reflected light information at the time of recording and reproduction and therefore record and reproduce data at desired positions even when for example pit data or the like indicating addresses is not formed in advance on the track.
Thus adding the address information as a wobbling groove eliminates the need for providing for example discrete address areas on the track and recording addresses as pit data, for example. Since the address areas are not required, real data recording capacity can be correspondingly increased. Incidentally, absolute time (address) information represented by such a wobbled groove is referred to as ATIP (Absolute Time In Pregroove) or ADIP (Adress In Pregroove).
Recently, it has become necessary to record various information on the disk in advance, as with the address information, in addition to the address information and information recorded and reproduced by the user.
Specifically, as prerecorded information recorded on the disk in advance, disk information indicating conditions for recording on the disk, for example a recording linear velocity, a recommended value of laser power and the like, and copy protect information for excluding hacked apparatus and the like are desired to be recorded. The copy protect information is particularly important.
A known method for prerecording various information on the disk is to form embossed pits on the disk.
Considering high-density recording and reproduction on an optical disk, however, the method of prerecording by embossed pits is disadvantageous.
High-density recording and reproduction on an optical disk requires a reduction in groove depth. In the case of a disk having a groove and embossed pits produced simultaneously by a stamper, it is very difficult to make depth of the groove and depth of the embossed pits different from each other. Thus, the depth of the embossed pits has to be the same as the depth of the groove.
However, when the depth of the embossed pits is reduced, a signal of good quality cannot be obtained from the embossed pits.
For example, a volume of 23 GB (gigabytes) can be recorded and reproduced on an optical disk 12 cm in diameter by recording and reproducing phase change marks at a track pitch of 0.32 μm and a linear density of 0.12 μm/bit on a disk having a cover (substrate) thickness of 0.1 mm, using a laser diode having a wavelength of 405 nm and an objective lens having an NA=0.85 as an optical system.
In this case, the phase change marks are recorded and reproduced on a groove formed in a spiral fashion on the disk. In order to suppress media noise for higher density, a groove depth of about 20 nm, that is, 1/13 to 1/12 of a wavelength λ is desirable.
In order to obtain a signal of good quality from embossed pits, on the other hand, a depth of the embossed pits is desired to be λ/8 to λ/4. After all, a good solution as a common depth of the groove and the embossed pits has not been obtained.
Because of such a situation, a method of prerecording information by other than embossed pits is desired.
On a disk recording medium according to the present invention, a recording and reproducing area and a reproduction-only area are formed by wobbling a groove formed in a spiral fashion to form a track to be tracked on the disk. The recording and reproducing area has address information recorded by wobbling of the groove and information recorded and reproduced by phase change marks on the track formed by the groove where the address information is recorded. The reproduction-only area has prerecorded information recorded by wobbling of the groove.
This eliminates the need for recording the prerecorded information by embossed pits. Since it is not necessary to form embossed pits, the depth of the groove can be reduced. That is, the depth of the groove can be set to an optimum state for high-density recording without regard for reproduction characteristics of the embossed pits. Thus high-density recording that realizes a capacity of 23 GB or the like on a disk 12 cm in diameter, for example, is made possible.
A disk drive apparatus can reproduce the prerecorded information (extract wobble information) by the same wobble channel reproducing system for the address information (ADIP).
Further, by recording copy protect information as the prerecorded information by the wobbling groove instead of forming embossed pits, it is possible to construct a storage system suitable as a system for recording and reproducing a video signal, an audio signal and the like.
The reproduction-only area does not have information recorded by phase change marks. Since phase change marks can be said to convert high reflectivity of a recording layer into low reflectivity, a track having phase change marks recorded thereon is decreased in average reflectivity. That is, returned light is reduced, which is disadvantageous in terms of SNR (Signal Noise Ratio) for extraction of a wobbling component of the groove. According to the present invention, by not recording phase change marks in the reproduction-only area, it is possible to prevent degradation in the SNR of the prerecorded information and thereby obtain a wobbling signal of good quality.
Further, linear density of the prerecorded information recorded in the reproduction-only area is lower than linear density of the information represented by phase change marks in the recording and reproducing area and is higher than linear density of the address information in the recording and reproducing area.
By making the recording linear density of the prerecorded information lower than the recording linear density of the phase change marks, it is possible to reproduce with good quality a wobbling signal that is obtained from a push-pull signal and is inferior in SNR to the phase change marks.
Further, by making the recording linear density of the prerecorded information higher than the linear density of the address information (ADIP), it is possible to raise a transfer rate and shorten reproduction time.
The prerecorded information is modulated by an FM code and recorded. It is thereby possible to narrow a band of the signal and thus improve the SNR. Further, both a PLL and a detection circuit can be formed by simple hardware.
An ECC (error correction code) format of the prerecorded information uses the same code and structure as an ECC format of the information recorded by phase changes. Thus the same hardware can be used for ECC processing of the prerecorded information and the phase change information, thereby promoting a reduction in cost of the disk drive apparatus and simplification of configuration of the disk drive apparatus.
Error correction code including address information is added to the prerecorded information. The disk drive apparatus can thereby perform access/reproduction operation properly on the basis of the address in the reproduction-only area.
A synchronizing signal of the prerecorded information has a plurality of synchronizing signals. Each of the synchronizing signals comprises a pattern out of rules of modulation of the information and an identification pattern for identifying the synchronizing signal. The identification pattern is obtained by modulating an identification number and an even parity bit of the identification number by an FM code.
This makes it easier to determine the position of each of the synchronizing signals even in the middle of an ECC block and detect an address within the ECC block. When identifying each synchronizing signal pattern among a plurality of synchronizing signal patterns, the synchronizing signal pattern is identified by difference in the identification pattern, and also a parity check is performed, whereby the identification pattern can be checked for correctness and thus each of the synchronizing signals can be identified with higher accuracy.
Thus, the present invention is suitable for a large-capacity disk recording medium, and great effects are obtained in that the disk drive apparatus is improved in recording and reproducing operation performance and the wobble processing circuit system may be a simple one.
a) to 4(k) are diagrams of assistance in explaining a method of modulation of prerecorded information according to the embodiment;
An optical disk according to an embodiment of the present invention will hereinafter be described, and also a disk drive apparatus (recording and reproducing apparatus) and a manufacturing method provided for the optical disk will be described in the following order.
1. Disk
1-1. Physical Characteristics of Optical Disk
1-2. Prerecorded Information
1-3. ADIP Address
2. Disk Drive Apparatus
3. Disk Manufacturing Method
1. Disk
1-1. Physical Characteristics of Optical Disk
Physical characteristics of a disk according to the embodiment and a wobbling track will first be described.
The optical disk in this example belongs to a category of disks recently developed under a name of DVR (Data&Video Recording) disks, for example, and particularly has a new wobbling system as a DVR system.
Data is recorded on the optical disk in this example by a phase change method. As to disk size, the optical disk is 120 mm in diameter. The optical disk has a disk thickness of 1.2 mm. Thus, in these respects, the optical disk is similar to a disk of a CD (Compact Disc) type and a disk of a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) type in terms of outward appearance.
Laser wavelength for recording/reproduction is 405 nm. A so-called blue laser is used. An NA of the optical system is 0.85.
A track where phase change marks are recorded has a track pitch of 0.32 μm and a linear density of 0.12 μm.
As a user data capacity, about 23 Gbytes is realized.
Data is recorded by a groove recording method. That is, a track is preformed by a groove on the disk, and recording is performed in the groove.
As schematically shown in
While the disk is driven to be rotated by a CLV (constant linear velocity) method for recording and reproduction of data, CLV is also applied to the groove GV. Hence, the number of wobbling waves of a groove for one round of the track is increased toward the outer circumference of the disk.
A physical address is represented by forming such a groove GV in a wobbling manner as shown in
That is, a right and a left side wall of the groove GV wobble in correspondence with a signal generated on the basis of an address or the like.
A land L is formed between the groove GV and an adjacent groove GV. As described above, data is recorded in the groove GV. That is, the groove GV forms a data track. Incidentally, the land L may be used as a data track to record data on the land L, or both the groove GV and the land L may be used as a data track.
As areas on the disk, a read-in zone, a data zone, and a read-out zone are arranged from an inner circumference side.
In terms of area arrangement regarding recoding and reproduction, an inner circumference side of the read-in zone is a PB zone (reproduction-only area) and an area from an outer circumference side of the read-in zone to the read-out zone is an RW zone (recording and reproduction area).
The read-in zone is situated within a radius of 24 mm. A prerecorded data zone is situated from a radius of 22.3 mm to a radius of 23.1 mm.
In the prerecorded data zone, information used for copy protection and the like (prerecorded information) are recorded in advance by wobbling a groove formed on the disk in a spiral fashion. This information is not rewritable and is for reproduction only. That is, the prerecorded data zone forms the above-mentioned PB zone (reproduction-only area).
As the prerecorded information in the prerecorded data zone, copy protection information is recorded, for example. The copy protection information is used as follows, for example.
An optical disk system according to the present embodiment has a media key or a drive key indicating that a registered drive apparatus maker or disk maker can do business and that the maker is registered.
In a case of hacking, the drive key or the media key is recorded as copy protection information. This information can prevent media or a drive having the media key or the drive key from recording and reproduction.
In the read-in zone, a test write area and a defect management area are provided from a radius of 23.1 mm to a radius of 24 mm.
The test write area is used for test write and the like in setting conditions for recording and reproducing phase change marks, such as laser power at the time of recording/reproduction.
In the defect management area, information managing defect information on the disk is recorded and reproduced.
The data zone is formed from a radius of 24.0 mm to a radius of 58.0 mm. The data zone is an area where user data is actually recorded and reproduced by phase change marks.
The read-out zone is formed from a radius of 58.0 mm to a radius of 58.5 mm. A defect management area similar to that of the read-in zone is provided in the read-out zone, and the read-out zone is used as a buffer area to allow overrunning at the time of a seek.
An area from the radius of 23.1 mm, that is, the test write area to the read-out zone is the RW zone (recording and reproduction area) where phase change marks are recorded and reproduced.
In the RW zone, address information (ADIP) is formed in advance by wobbling the groove formed in a spiral fashion for tracking on the disk.
Information is recorded and reproduced by phase change marks in the groove where the address information is formed.
As shown in
Recording marks formed by phase change marks are recorded on the track. The phase change marks are recorded at a linear density of 0.12 μm/bit or 0.08 μm/ch bit by an RLL (1, 7) PP modulation method (RLL; Run Length Limited, PP: Parity preserve/Prohibit rmtr (repeated minimum transition runlength)) or the like.
Letting 1 T be 1 ch bit, length of a mark is 2 T to 8 T, and a minimum mark length is 2 T.
The address information has a wobbling cycle of 69 T, and a wobbling amplitude WA of about 20 nm (p-p).
Frequency bands of the address information and the phase change marks are set so as not to coincide with each other, whereby each does not affect detection of the other.
A CNR (carrier noise ratio) of wobbling of the address information is 30 dB after recording at a bandwidth of 30 KHz, and an address error rate thereof is 1×10−3 or less, including effects of perturbations (disk skew, defocus, disturbances and the like).
On the other hand, the track formed by the groove in the PB zone in
Specifically, the track formed by the groove in the PB zone in
No phase change marks are recorded on the track of the PB zone.
A sinusoidal wobbling waveform is formed in the RW zone, whereas a sinusoidal waveform or a rectangular waveform can be recorded in the PB zone.
It is known that phase change marks can be used for recording and reproduction of data because at a signal quality of a CNR of about 50 dB at a bandwidth of 30 KHz, a symbol error rate of 1×10−16 or less can be achieved after error correction by attaching ECC (error correction code) to the data for recording and reproduction.
A CNR of wobbles of the ADIP address information is 35 dB at a bandwidth of 30 KHz when phase change marks are not recorded yet.
This level of signal quality suffices for the address information by performing interpolation protection on the basis of so-called continuity determination and the like. However, a signal quality of a CNR of 50 dB equal to that of the phase change marks or more is desired to be obtained for the prerecorded information recorded in the PB zone. Thus, the groove physically different from the groove in the RW zone is formed in the PB zone, as shown in
First, the track pitch is widened to thereby prevent a crosstalk from an adjacent track and the wobble amplitude is doubled, whereby the CNR can be improved by +6 dB.
Then, the CNR can be improved by +2 dB by using a rectangular wobble waveform.
In total, the CNR is 43 dB.
A difference in recording band between the phase change marks and the wobbles in the prerecorded data zone is represented by the wobbles of 18 T (18 T is half of 36 T) and the phase change marks of 2 T. At this point, 9.5 dB is obtained.
Thus the CNR of the prerecorded information is equal to 52.5 dB. Even when −2 dB is estimated as a result of a crosstalk from an adjacent track, the CNR is equal to 50.5 dB. That is, substantially the same level of signal quality as that of the phase change marks is achieved, and it is therefore appropriate enough to use a wobbling signal to record and reproduce the prerecorded information.
1-2. Prerecorded Information
a) to 4(k) illustrate a method of modulation of the prerecorded information for forming the wobbling groove in the prerecorded data zone.
The modulation uses FM code.
a) shows data bits,
One bit of data is 2 ch (2 channel clocks). When bit information is “1,” the FM code has 1.2 of frequency of the channel clocks.
When bit information is “0,” the FM code is represented by ½ the frequency of the bit information “1.”
As a wobble waveform, a rectangular wave of the FM code may be directly recorded, while a sinusoidal waveform may be recorded as shown in
Incidentally, the FM code and the wobble waveform may have patterns as shown in
Under such rules of FM code modulation, an FM code waveform and a wobble waveform (sinusoidal waveform) when a data bit stream is “10110010” as shown in
Incidentally, an FM code waveform and a wobble waveform corresponding to the patterns as shown in
Referring to
First,
As ECC (error correction code), there are two codes, that is, LDC (long distance code) for main data of 64 KB (=2048 bytes per sector×32 sectors) and BIS (burst indicator subcode).
The main data of 64 KB shown in
On the other hand, BIS is ECC-encoded as shown in
The LDC data and the BIS form the frame structure shown in the figure. Specifically, data (38 B), BIS (1 B), data (38 B), BIS (1 B), and data (38 B) are arranged per frame to form a structure of 155 B. That is, one frame is formed by data of 38 B×4, or 152 B, and BIS of 1 B inserted after each 38 B.
A frame sync FS (frame synchronizing signal) is disposed at the front of one frame of 155 B. One block has 496 frames.
The LDC data has a 0th, a 2nd, . . . even-numbered code word placed in a 0th, a 2nd, . . . even-numbered frame and a 1st, a 3rd, . . . odd-numbered code word placed in a 1st, a 3rd, . . . odd-numbered frame.
BIS uses a code much superior to a code of LDC in correction capability. Almost all is corrected. That is, a code with a distance of 32 for a code length of 62 is used.
Thus, BIS symbols when errors are detected can be used as follows.
In ECC decoding, BIS is decoded first. When two adjacent to each other of BISs and a frame sync FS in the frame structure of
Thereby correction capability can be enhanced as compared with correction with only LDC. BIS includes address information and the like. The address is used for example when there is no address information in the form of a wobbling groove on a ROM type disk or the like.
Next,
In this case, as ECC, there are two codes, that is, LDC (long distance code) for main data of 4 KB (=2048 B per sector×2 sectors) and BIS (burst indicator subcode)
The data of 4 KB as prerecorded information shown in
On the other hand, BIS is ECC-encoded as shown in
The LDC data and the BIS form the frame structure shown in the figure. Specifically, a frame sync FS (1 B), data (10 B), BIS (1 B), and data (9 B) are arranged per frame to form a structure of 21 B. That is, one frame is formed by data of 19 B and inserted BIS of 1 B.
A frame sync FS (frame synchronizing signal) is disposed at the front of one frame. One block has 248 frames.
Also in this case, BIS uses a code much superior to a code of LDC in correction capability, and almost all is corrected. Thus, BIS symbols when errors are detected can be used as follows.
In ECC decoding, BIS is decoded first. When two adjacent to each other of BISs and a frame sync FS have an error, data of 10 B or 9 B sandwiched between the two is considered to be a burst error. An error pointer is added to the data of 10 B or 9 B. With LDC, this error pointer is used to make pointer erasure correction.
Thereby correction capability can be enhanced as compared with correction with only LDC.
BIS includes address information and the like. In the prerecorded data zone, prerecorded information is recorded by a wobbling groove and hence there is no address information formed by a wobbling groove. Thus an address in the BIS is used for access.
As is understood from
This means that processing for ECC decoding of the prerecorded information can be performed by a circuit system for performing ECC decoding processing at the time of reproduction of the data represented by phase change marks, and that efficiency of configuration of hardware as the disk drive apparatus can be increased.
As frame sync FS, there are seven kinds of frame syncs FS0 to FS6. Each of the frame syncs FS0 to FS6 is formed by a total of 16 channel bits, that is, 8 channel bits of a sync body “11001001” using a pattern out of the rules of FM code modulation and 8 channel bits of a sync ID for each of the seven kinds of frame syncs FS0 to FS6.
When represented by data bits, the sync ID of a frame sync FS0, for example, is represented by 3 bits “000” and 1 parity bit (0 in this case). This sync ID is subjected to FM code modulation to provide “10101010.”
Similarly, the other sync IDs are represented by 3 data bits and 1 parity bit, and are subjected to FM code modulation.
At the time of recording, frame syncs FS are subjected to NRZI conversion and then recorded.
The 248 frames of one ECC block of the prerecorded information shown in
Each of the address frames has a frame number 0 to 30. For the frame number “0,” FS0 is used as a special frame sync not used as other frame syncs. The frame sync FS0 makes it possible to find the head of the address frames and perform address synchronization.
For the frame numbers “1” to “30,” frame syncs (FS1to FS6) are disposed in order as shown in
As described above, an address included in the BIS is used for access in the prerecorded data zone.
The BIS information comprises addresses and user control data.
One address field is formed by 9 bytes. The address field #0, for example, is formed by 9 bytes A0-0 to A0-8.
An address value indicating an ECC block address referred to as an AUN (address unit number) is disposed in 4 MSB bytes of each of the address fields.
An address field number is disposed in 3 low-order bits (3 Lsbits) of a 5th byte of each of the address fields.
Further, parity for each of the address fields is disposed in 4 low-order bytes of the address field.
On the other hand, as shown in
One unit of user control data is formed by 24 bytes. The unit #0, for example, is formed by 24 bytes UC0-0 to UC0-23.
The user control data is reserved for use by a future system.
The BIS cluster comprises four correction codes. In
One column of information is formed by a total of 30 rows, that is, 18 rows of addresses and 12 rows of user control data.
The addresses of the address fields #0 to #7 are arranged in an interleaved manner in the four columns, as shown in
The units #0 and #1 of user control data are each arranged in an area of 12 rows as shown in
At the time of recording, the address field #0 shown in
As described above, the error correction code of the BIS is an RS (62, 30, 32) code. The BIS cluster has four codes with a code length of 62 symbols, and one code is encoded in a vertical direction as shown by an arrow in
At the time of recording, the BIS cluster is recorded as eight address units. One address unit is formed by 31 symbols, as shown in
In first 9 bytes in each of the address units, 9 bytes (An-0 to An-8) as an address field #n corresponding to each address unit number are disposed. For example, the address field #0 (A0-0 to A0-8) is disposed in an address unit 0.
The 31 symbols as such an address unit 0 are arranged as shown as hatched portions in
The 31 symbols of one address unit corresponds to the above-mentioned 31 address frames. The frame numbers and the frame sync patterns (FS0 to FS6) in
1-3. ADIP Address
Next, ADIP addresses recorded as a wobbling groove in the RW zone will be described.
Detection length (window length) of data is a unit of two wobble sections. One wobble section is a section of one cycle of a wobble at a carrier frequency.
Data such as addresses is subjected to differential encoding using one wobble as a unit before recording, as shown in
Specifically, precoded data after differential encoding before recording is “1” during one wobble period from a rising edge of data “1” to a falling edge.
As shown in
As shown in
In the case of the present embodiment, three ADIP addresses are included in one RUB (recording unit block: a recording and reproducing cluster) as a data recording unit.
As shown in
One address block is formed by 83 bits.
In the 8 bits of the sync part, four units of a sync block comprising a monotone bit (1 bit) and a sync bit (1 bit) are formed.
In the 75 bits of the data part, 15 units of an ADIP block comprising a monotone bit (1 bit) and ADIP bits (4 bits) are formed.
The monotone bits, the sync bit, and the ADIP bits are each formed by a wobble having 56 wobble periods. An MSK mark for bit sync is disposed at the head of these bits.
Following the MSK mark of a monotone bit, wobbles of the carrier frequency are formed continuously. The sync bit and the ADIP bits, which will be described later, are formed with wobbles formed by MSK modulated waveforms following the MSK mark.
A composition of the sync part will first be described with reference to
As is understood from
The sync block “0” is formed by a monotone bit and a sync “0” bit.
The sync block “1” is formed by a monotone bit and a sync “1” bit.
The sync block “2” is formed by a monotone bit and a sync “2” bit.
The sync block “3” is formed by a monotone bit and a sync “3” bit.
The monotone bit in each of the sync blocks is a waveform of continuous wobbles of a single frequency representing the carrier, as described above. The monotone bit is shown in
Incidentally, an MSK mark pattern is shown under wobble amplitude in each of
There are four kinds of sync bits ranging from the sync “0” bit to the sync “3” bit as described above.
The four kinds of sync bits are wobble patterns as shown in
The sync “0” bit of
Each of the sync “1” bit to the sync “3” bit is a pattern formed by shifting the position of the MSK marks backward by two wobble sections.
Specifically, the sync “1” bit of
The sync “2” bit of
The sync “3” bit of
Each of the sync patterns is unique as distinct from the monotone bit and the ADIP bits to be described next. Thus the sync bits of the four patterns are disposed one in each of the sync blocks. The disk drive apparatus can achieve synchronization when the disk drive apparatus can detect one of the sync units of the four patterns from the sync part section.
A composition of the data part in the address block will next be described with reference to
As is understood from
Each of the 5-bit ADIP blocks comprises 1 monotone bit and 4 ADIP bits.
In each of the ADIP blocks, as in the case of the sync blocks, an MSK mark as a bit sync bs is attached to a start of 56 wobble periods of the monotone bit, followed by continuous wobbles of the carrier frequency. The monotone bit is shown in
Since one ADIP block includes 4 ADIP bits, 60 ADIP bits of the 15 ADIP blocks form address information.
Patterns of “1” and “0” as ADIP bits are shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Thus, MSK modulation data is recorded in the wobbling groove. An address format of the ADIP information thus recorded is as shown in
The ADIP address information has 36 bits, to which 24 parity bits are added.
The ADIP address information of 36 bits has 3 layer number bits (a layer no. bit 0 to a layer no. bit 2) for multilayer recording, 19 bits (an RUB no. bit 0 to a layer no. bit 18) for an RUB (recording unit block), and 2 bits (an address no. bit 0 and an address no. bit 1) for the three address blocks of one RUB.
Further, 12 bits are provided as AUX data such as a disc ID for recording recording conditions such as recording and reproducing laser power and the like.
The ECC unit of the address data is thus a unit of a total of 60 bits, and comprises 15 nibbles (1 nibble=4 bits) Nibble 0 to Nibble 14, as shown in
The parity bits are stored as inverted bits.
The error correction method is a nibble-based Reed-Solomon code RS (15, 9, 7) with 4 bits as one symbol. That is, code length is 15 nibbles, data is 9 nibbles, and parity is 6 nibbles.
2. Disk Drive Apparatus
A disk drive apparatus capable of performing recording/reproduction of the disk as described above will next be described.
A disk 100 in
The disk 100 is loaded onto a turntable not shown in the figure, and is driven by a spindle motor (SPM) 2 to be rotated at a constant linear velocity (CLV) at the time of recording/reproducing operation.
Then an optical pickup 1 reads ADIP information embedded as wobbling of a groove track in an RW zone on the disk 100. The optical pickup 1 also reads prerecorded information embedded as wobbling of the groove track in a PB zone.
At the time of recording, the optical pickup records user data as phase change marks on the track in the RW zone. At the time of reproduction, the optical pickup reads the phase change marks recorded by the optical pickup.
Formed within the optical pickup 1 are: a laser diode serving as a laser light source; a photodetector for detecting reflected light; an objective lens at an output end of laser light; and an optical system (not shown) for irradiating a recording surface of the disk with the laser light via the objective lens and guiding the reflected light to the photodetector.
The laser diode outputs a so-called blue laser with a wavelength of 405 nm. An NA of the optical system is 0.85.
The objective lens within the optical pickup 1 is held by a two-axis mechanism so as to be movable in a tracking direction and a focus direction.
The optical pickup 1 as a whole is movable in a direction of the radius of the disk by a sled mechanism 3.
The laser diode in the optical pickup 1 is driven by a drive signal (drive current) from a laser driver 13 to emit laser light.
The photodetector detects information as the light reflected from the disk 100, converts the information into an electric signal corresponding to an amount of light received, and then supplies the electric signal to a matrix circuit 4.
The matrix circuit 4 has a current-voltage conversion circuit, a matrix calculation/amplification circuit and the like for output currents from a plurality of light receiving elements as the photodetector. The matrix circuit 4 generates necessary signals by matrix calculation processing.
For example, the matrix circuit 4 generates a high-frequency signal (reproduced data signal) corresponding to reproduced data, a focus error signal and a tracking error signal for servo control, and the like.
Further, the matrix circuit 4 generates a push-pull signal as a signal related to the wobbling of the groove, that is, a signal for detecting wobbling.
The reproduced data signal outputted from the matrix circuit 4 is supplied to a reader/writer circuit 5; the focus error signal and the tracking error signal are supplied to a servo circuit 11; and the push-pull signal is supplied to a wobble circuit 8.
The reader/writer circuit 5 subjects the reproduced data signal to binarization processing, reproduced clock generation processing by a PLL and the like, thereby reproduces data read as phase change marks, and then supplies the data to a modulating and demodulating circuit 6.
The modulating and demodulating circuit 6 has a functional part as a decoder at the time of reproduction and a functional part as an encoder at the time of recording.
At the time of reproduction, as decode processing, the modulating and demodulating circuit 6 demodulates a run length limited code on the basis of a reproduced clock.
An ECC encoder/decoder 7 performs ECC encode processing that adds error correction codes at the time of recording and ECC decode processing for error correction at the time of reproduction.
At the time of reproduction, the ECC encoder/decoder 7 captures the data demodulated by the modulating and demodulating circuit 6 into an internal memory, then performs error detection/correction processing, deinterleaving processing and the like, and thereby obtains reproduced data.
The data decoded to the reproduced data by the ECC encoder/decoder 7 is read and transferred to an AV (Audio-Visual) system 20 on the basis of an instruction from a system controller 10.
The push-pull signal outputted from the matrix circuit 4 as the signal related to the wobbling of the groove is processed in the wobble circuit 8. The push-pull signal as ADIP information is subjected to MSK demodulation in the wobble circuit 8, thereby demodulated into a data stream constituting ADIP addresses, and then supplied to an address decoder 9.
The address decoder 9 decodes the data supplied thereto, thereby obtains an address value, and then supplies the address value to the system controller 10.
Also, the address decoder 9 generates a clock by PLL processing using a wobble signal supplied from the wobble circuit 8, and supplies the clock to various parts as an encode clock at the time of recording, for example.
A push-pull signal as the prerecorded information from the PB zone, as the push-pull signal outputted from the matrix circuit 4 as the signal related to the wobbling of the groove, is subjected to processing of a band-pass filter in the wobble circuit 8, and is then supplied to the reader/writer circuit 5. The push-pull signal is binarized as in the case of phase change marks, and thereby converted into a data bit stream. The data bit stream is ECC-decoded and deinterleaved by the ECC encoder/decoder 7, whereby data as the prerecorded information is extracted. The extracted prerecorded information is supplied to the system controller 10.
The system controller 10 can perform various setting processing, copy protect processing and the like on the basis of the read prerecorded information.
At the time of recording, recording data is transferred from the AV system 20. The recording data is supplied to the memory in the ECC encoder/decoder 7 to be buffered.
In this case, as processing for encoding the buffered recording data, the ECC encoder/decoder 7 performs addition of error correction codes, interleaving, and addition of subcodes and the like.
The ECC-encoded data is subjected to RLL (1-7) PP modulation in the modulating and demodulating circuit 6, and then supplied to the reader/writer circuit 5.
As described above, the clock generated from the wobble signal is used as the encode clock serving as a reference clock for the above encode processing at the time of recording.
The recording data generated by the encode processing is supplied to the laser driver 13 as a laser drive pulse after as recording compensation processing, the reader/writer circuit 5 adjusts a laser drive pulse waveform and finely adjusts optimum recording power, for example, to characteristics of a recording layer, spot shape of the laser light, recording linear velocity and the like.
The laser driver 13 provides the laser drive pulse supplied thereto to the laser diode within the pickup 1 and thereby drives the laser diode to emit laser light. Thereby pits (phase change marks) corresponding to the recording data are formed on the disk 100.
The laser driver 13 has a so-called APC (Auto Power Control) circuit to control laser output at a constant level without depending on the temperature and the like while monitoring laser output power through output of a laser power monitoring detector provided within the optical pickup 1. Target values of the laser output at the time of recording and at the time of reproduction are supplied from the system controller 10, and the laser output level is controlled to be at the target values at the time of recording and at the time of reproduction, respectively.
The servo circuit 11 generates various servo drive signals for focus, tracking, and the sled from the focus error signal and the tracking error signal supplied from the matrix circuit 4, and thereby performs servo operation.
Specifically, the servo circuit 11 generates a focus drive signal and a tracking drive signal in response to the focus error signal and the tracking error signal, to drive a focus coil and a tracking coil of the two-axis mechanism within the optical pickup 1. Thereby a tracking servo loop and a focus servo loop are formed by the pickup 1, the matrix circuit 4, the servo circuit 11, and the two-axis mechanism.
In response to a track jump instruction from the system controller 10, the servo circuit 11 turns off the tracking servo loop and outputs a jump drive signal to thereby perform track jump operation.
The servo circuit 11 further generates a sled drive signal on the basis of a sled error signal obtained as a low-frequency component of the tracking error signal, access control from the system controller 10 and the like, to drive the sled mechanism 3. Though not shown, the sled mechanism 3 has a mechanism formed by a main shaft for holding the optical pickup 1, a sled motor, a transmission gear and the like. By driving the sled motor according to the sled drive signal, a required slide movement of the pickup 1 is effected.
A spindle servo circuit 12 effects control for CLV rotation of a spindle motor 2.
The spindle servo circuit 12 obtains the clock generated by PLL processing on the wobble signal as information on current rotational speed of the spindle motor 2, and compares the information with predetermined CLV reference speed information to thereby generate a spindle error signal.
At the time of data reproduction, the reproduced clock (clock as a reference for decode processing) generated by the PLL within the reader/writer circuit 5 serves as the information on the current rotational speed of the spindle motor 2. Hence, the spindle servo circuit 12 can also generate the spindle error signal by comparing this information with the predetermined CLV reference speed information.
The spindle servo circuit 12 then outputs a spindle drive signal generated according to the spindle error signal to thereby perform the CLV rotation of the spindle motor 2.
Further, the spindle servo circuit 12 generates a spindle drive signal in response to a spindle kick/brake control signal from the system controller 10 to thereby perform operations such as starting, stopping, accelerating, and decelerating the spindle motor 2.
The various operations of the servo system and the recording and reproducing system as described above are controlled by the system controller 10 formed by a microcomputer.
The system controller 10 performs various processing in response to commands from the AV system 20.
For example, when a write command is issued from the AV system 20, the system controller 10 first moves the optical pickup 1 to an address where writing is to be performed. Then the system controller 10 makes the ECC encoder/decoder 7 and the modulating and demodulating circuit 6 subject data (such as audio data and video data of various systems such for example as MPEG2) transferred from the AV system 20 to the encode processing as described above. A laser drive pulse is then supplied from the reader/writer circuit 5 to the laser driver 13 as described above, whereby recording is performed.
When a read command requesting transfer of certain data (MPEG2 video data or the like) recorded on the disk 100 is supplied from the AV system 20, for example, the system controller 10 first effects seek operation control aiming at an address specified. Specifically, the system controller 10 issues a command to the servo circuit 11 to effect access operation of the optical pickup 1 targeting the address specified by a seek command.
Then, the system controller 10 effects operation control necessary to transfer data of the specified data section to the AV system 20. Specifically, the system controller 10 effects reading of the data from the disk 100, effects decoding/buffering and the like in the reader/writer circuit 5, the modulating and demodulating circuit 6, and the ECC encoder/decoder 7, and then transfers the requested data.
At the time of recording and reproduction of the data by phase change marks, the system controller 10 controls access and recording and reproducing operation using ADIP addresses detected by the wobble circuit 8 and the address decoder 9.
Also, at a predetermined time such as a time of loading of the disk 100 or the like, the system controller 10 effects reading of prerecorded information recorded as a wobbling groove in the PB zone of the disk 100.
In this case, the system controller 10 first effects seek operation control aiming at the PB zone. Specifically, the system controller 10 issues a command to the servo circuit 11 to make the pickup 1 access the innermost circumference side of the disk.
Then, the system controller 10 makes the pickup 1 perform reproduction tracing, thereby obtains a push-pull signal as reflected light information, effects decode processing by the wobble circuit 8, the reader/writer circuit 5, and the ECC encoder/decoder 7, and then obtains reproduced data as the prerecorded information.
On the basis of the prerecorded information thus read, the system controller 10 performs laser power setting, copy protect processing and the like.
At the time of reproduction of the prerecorded information in the PB zone, the system controller 10 controls access and reproducing operation using address information included in a BIS cluster of the read prerecorded information.
While the disk drive apparatus in the example of
Further, there can be an embodiment in which the disk drive apparatus is not connected to another apparatus. In such a case, an operation unit and a display unit are provided, and the configuration of an interface part for data input and output is different from that of
Of course, various other configuration examples are conceivable; for example, an example as a recording-only apparatus or a reproduction-only apparatus is conceivable.
A method of MSK demodulation for a push-pull signal as ADIP information in the wobble circuit 8 will be described with reference to
As shown in
As described above, address data as ADIP information as shown in
Therefore, information obtained as a push-pull signal at the time of recording and reproduction in the RW zone of the disk 100 is a signal corresponding to the MSK modulated waveform of
A push-pull signal P/P supplied as a signal related to wobbling from the matrix circuit 9 in
The band-pass filter 51 has a characteristic of passing bands corresponding to a carrier frequency and a frequency 1.5 times the carrier frequency. The band-pass filter 51 extracts a wobble component, that is, the MSK modulated wave of
The band-pass filter 52 has a narrower-band characteristic of passing only a carrier frequency component. The band-pass filter 52 thus extracts the carrier component of
The multiplier 53 multiplies the outputs of the band-pass filters 51 and 52 together. That is, synchronous detection can be performed by multiplying the MSK modulated wobble signal and the carrier together, whereby a demodulated signal demod out of
The demodulated signal demod out is passed through the next LPF 54, whereby an LPF out signal of
The LPF 54 is for example a 27-tap FIR filter with the following coefficients:
The LPF out signal obtained from the LPF 54 is binarized by the slicer 55 formed as a comparator, whereby demodulated data (demod data) of
The demodulated data (demod data) as a binarized output is channel bit data forming address information. The demodulated data is supplied to the address decoder 9 shown in
3. Disk Manufacturing Method
A method of manufacturing the disk according to the present embodiment described above will next be described.
A disk manufacturing process is roughly divided into a so-called mastering process and a replication process. The mastering process covers steps up to completion of a metallic master (stamper) used in the replication process. The replication process mass-produces duplicate optical disks using the stamper.
Specifically, the mastering process performs so-called cutting in which a photoresist is coated on a polished glass substrate, and pits and grooves are formed by exposing the photosensitive film to a laser beam.
In the case of the present embodiment, a groove wobbling on the basis of prerecorded information is cut in a portion corresponding to the PB zone on the innermost circumference side of the disk, and a groove wobbling on the basis of ADIP addresses is cut in a portion corresponding to the RW zone.
The prerecorded information to be recorded is prepared in a preparatory process referred to as premastering.
After the cutting is completed, predetermined processing such as development and the like is performed, and then information is transferred onto a metallic surface by electroforming, for example, to create a stamper required when replicating the disk.
Then, the information is transferred onto a resin substrate by an injection method, for example, using the stamper, a reflective film is formed thereon, and thereafter processing of machining into a required disk shape and the like is performed, whereby a final product is completed.
As shown in
The prerecorded information generating unit 71 outputs the prerecorded information prepared in the premastering process.
The address generating unit 72 sequentially outputs values as absolute addresses.
The cutting unit 74 includes: an optical unit (a laser light source 82, a modulating unit 83, and a cutting head unit 84) for irradiating a photoresist-coated glass substrate 101 with a laser beam and thereby performing cutting; a substrate rotating/shifting unit 85 for rotation driving and slide shifting of the glass substrate 101; a signal processing unit 81 for converting input data to recording data and supplying the recording data to the optical unit; and a sensor 86 for enabling determination of whether a cutting position is in the PB zone or in the RW zone from a position of the substrate rotating/shifting unit 85.
The optical unit includes: a laser light source 82 formed by an He—Cd laser, for example; a modulating unit 83 for modulating light emitted from the laser light source 82 on the basis of the recording data; and a cutting head unit 84 for condensing the modulated beam from the modulating unit 83 and irradiating a photoresist surface of the glass substrate 101 with the modulated beam.
The modulating unit 83 includes: an acoustooptic type optical modulator (AOM) for turning on/off the light emitted from the laser light source 82; and an acoustooptic type optical deflector (AOD) for deflecting the light emitted from the laser light source 82 on the basis of a wobble generating signal.
The substrate rotating/shifting unit 85 comprises: a rotating motor for rotation-driving the glass substrate 101; a detecting unit (FG) for detecting rotational speed of the rotating motor; a slide motor for sliding the glass substrate 101 in a direction of the radius of the glass substrate 101; and a servo controller for controlling the rotational speed of the slide motor and the rotating motor, tracking of the cutting head unit 84 and the like.
The signal processing unit 81 performs formatting processing for adding for example error correction codes and the like to the prerecorded information and address information supplied via the switch unit 73, for example, and thereby forming input data, and performs modulating signal generating processing for subjecting the formatted data to predetermined calculation processing and thereby forming a modulating signal.
The signal processing unit 81 also performs driving processing for driving the optical modulator and the optical deflector of the modulating unit 83 on the basis of the modulating signal.
At the time of cutting, the substrate rotating/shifting unit 85 in the cutting unit 74 rotation-drives the glass substrate 101 at a constant linear velocity and slides the glass substrate 101 while rotating the glass substrate 101 so that a spiral track is formed at a predetermined track pitch.
At the same time, the light emitted from the laser light source 82 is converted via the modulating unit 83 into a modulated beam on the basis of the modulating signal from the signal processing unit 81, and then applied from the cutting head unit 84 to the photoresist surface of the glass substrate 71. As a result, the photoresist is exposed to light on the basis of the data and grooves.
The controller 70 controls performance of operation at the time of such cutting by the cutting unit 74, and controls the prerecorded information generating unit 71, the address generating unit 72, and the switch unit 73 while monitoring a signal from the sensor 86.
At the time of a start of cutting, the controller 70 sets a slide position of the substrate rotating/shifting unit 85 to an initial position so that the cutting head unit 84 of the cutting unit 74 starts laser irradiation at an innermost circumference side. Then the controller 70 makes the substrate rotating/shifting unit 85 start rotation-driving the glass substrate 101 at a CLV and sliding the glass substrate 101 to form a groove with a track pitch of 0.35 μm.
In this state, the controller 70 makes the prerecorded information generating unit 71 output prerecorded information and supply the prerecorded information to the signal processing unit 81 via the switch unit 73. Further, the controller 70 starts laser output from the laser light source 82, and the modulating unit 83 modulates the laser light on the basis of the modulating signal, or an FM code modulating signal of the prerecorded information, from the signal processing unit 81, whereby the groove is cut into the glass substrate 101.
Thereby the groove as shown in
When the controller 70 thereafter detects from the signal of the sensor 86 that the cutting operation has advanced to a position corresponding to the PB zone, the controller 70 switches the switch unit 73 to the address generating unit 72 side, and instructs the address generating unit 72 to sequentially generate address values.
Also, the controller 70 lowers the sliding speed of the substrate rotating/shifting unit 85 so as to form a groove with a track pitch of 0.32 μm.
Thereby the address information is supplied from the address generating unit 72 to the signal processing unit 81 via the switch unit 73. Then the laser light from the laser light source 82 is modulated in the modulating unit 83 on the basis of the modulating signal, or an MSK modulating signal of the address information, from the signal processing unit 81. The groove is cut into the glass substrate 101 by the modulated laser light.
Thereby the groove as shown in
When the controller 70 detects from the signal of the sensor 86 that the cutting operation has reached an end of the read-out zone, the controller 70 ends the cutting operation.
As a result of such operation, a portion exposed to light which portion corresponds to the wobbling grooves of the PB zone and the RW zone is formed on the glass substrate 101.
Thereafter development, electroforming and the like are performed to create a stamper, and the above-described disk is manufactured using the stamper.
While the disk according to the embodiment, and the disk drive apparatus and the disk manufacturing method provided for the disk have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these examples and various modifications thereof can be considered without departing from the scope of the subject matter.
As described above, with the disk recording medium, the disk drive apparatus, the reproducing method, and the disk manufacturing method according to the present invention, the disk recording medium is suitable as a large-capacity disk recording medium, and great effects are obtained in that the disk drive apparatus is improved in recording and reproducing operation performance and the wobble processing circuit system may be a simple one.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001-311489 | Oct 2001 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/147,903, filed on Jun. 27, 2008, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/433,756, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,403,461, filed on May 21, 2004, which is a National Stage application of PCT/JP02/10373, filed on Oct. 4, 2002, and claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No 2001-311489, filed on Oct. 9, 2001. The entire contents of the above-identified applications are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5815486 | Kobayashi et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 6304971 | Kutaragi et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6532201 | Hogan | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6582793 | Kondo | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6898172 | Fairman et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6917572 | Lida et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 7028011 | Ha et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 20010005357 | Ha et al. | Jun 2001 | A1 |
| 20020006084 | Kawashima et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020012299 | Asano | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020067676 | Inokuchi et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020136126 | Maegawa | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20030002427 | Lee et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 0 397 238 | Nov 1990 | EP |
| 0 414 516 | Feb 1991 | EP |
| 0 973 175 | Jan 2000 | EP |
| 1 255 245 | Nov 2002 | EP |
| 64-039632 | Feb 1989 | JP |
| 2-50361 | Feb 1990 | JP |
| 03-083226 | Apr 1991 | JP |
| 3-83226 | Apr 1991 | JP |
| 03-181023 | Aug 1991 | JP |
| 04-357737 | Dec 1992 | JP |
| 05-036087 | Feb 1993 | JP |
| 05-102958 | Apr 1993 | JP |
| 05-325193 | Dec 1993 | JP |
| 06-076363 | Mar 1994 | JP |
| 07-021697 | Jan 1995 | JP |
| 08-147704 | Jun 1996 | JP |
| 8-147704 | Jun 1996 | JP |
| 9-69230 | Mar 1997 | JP |
| 3063662 | Sep 1997 | JP |
| 10-320784 | Dec 1998 | JP |
| 11-149644 | Jun 1999 | JP |
| 2001-23351 | Jan 2001 | JP |
| 2001-167446 | Jun 2001 | JP |
| 2001-135022 | Aug 2001 | JP |
| 2001-313819 | Nov 2001 | JP |
| 2002-521789 | Jul 2002 | JP |
| WO 0045381 | Aug 2000 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100034059 A1 | Feb 2010 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12147903 | Jun 2008 | US |
| Child | 12578323 | US | |
| Parent | 10433756 | US | |
| Child | 12147903 | US |
