Patent Application
20220052278
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Applications No. 10-2020-0090567, filed on Jul. 21, 2020, and 10-2021-0093126, filed on Jul. 16, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
One or more embodiments relate to a display apparatus.
Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emissive devices which have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, and excellent driving voltage and luminance, and produce full-color images.
An OLED may include an anode, a cathode, and an emission layer (an organic matter-containing emission layer) located between the anode and the cathode. A hole transport region may be located between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be located between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers, such as holes and electrons, may recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons, and these excitons may transit from an excited state to a ground state, thus generating light.
In OLED displays including a plurality of quantum dot color-conversion elements, a blue-OLED substrate or a white-OLED substrate is mainly used as a light source.
One or more embodiments include a display apparatus having excellent performance.
One or more embodiments include a display apparatus having high luminescence efficiency and excellent color characteristics.
One or more embodiments include a display apparatus in which green light is applied to a light source organic light-emitting device (OLED).
One or more embodiments include a display apparatus in which green light and blue light is applied to a light source OLED, and a plurality of quantum dot color-conversion elements and a plurality of color filter elements may be used.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure.
According to an aspect of an embodiment, a display apparatus includes: an organic light-emitting device (OLED) substrate including a structure in which at least one blue emission unit and at least one green emission unit are stacked and wherein the structure emits a mixture of blue light and green light; and
a color-controlling unit on the OLED substrate for controlling color of light generated from the OLED substrate,
wherein the color-controlling unit includes a first color-controlling element including a first quantum dot for green color conversion, a second color-controlling element including a second quantum dot for red color conversion, a third color-controlling element for blue light emission, a first color filter located on the first color-controlling element, and a second color filter located on the second color-controlling element,
wherein at least one of the at least one green emission unit of the OLED substrate includes an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1:
M(L1)n1(L2)n2 Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1,
M is a transition metal,
L1 is a ligand represented by Formula 2A,
n1 is 1, 2, or 3, and when n1 is 2 or greater, at least two L1(s) may be identical to or different from each other,
L2 is an organic ligand,
n2 is 0, 1, or 2, and when n2 is 2, two L2(s) may be identical to or different from each other,
the sum of n1 and n2 is 2 or 3, and
L1 may be different from L2,
wherein, in Formula 2A,
Y1 is C or N,
ring CY1 is a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group,
X21 is O, S, S(═O), Se, N(R29), C(R29)(R30), or Si(R29)(R30), T1 to T4 are each independently a carbon atom not bound to ring CY1, or M in Formula 1, N, a carbon atom bound to ring CY1, or a carbon atom bound to M in Formula 1, one of T1 to T4 is a carbon atom bound to M in Formula 1, another one of T1 to T4, which is not be bound to bound to M, is a carbon atom bound to ring CY1,
T5 to T8 are each independently C or N,
L1 and L2 are each independently a single bond, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
c1 and c2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 5,
R1, R2, R29, and R30 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero polycyclic group, —N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), or —P(Q8)(Q9),
b1 and b2 are each independently an integer from 0 to 20,
a1 is an integer from 0 to 20, and when a1 is 2 or greater, at least two groups represented by *-[(L1)c1-(R1)b1] may be identical to or different from each other,
a2 is an integer from 0 to 6, and when a2 is 2 or greater, at least two groups represented by *-[(L2)c2-(R2)b2] may be identical to or different from each other,
at least two of a plurality of R1(s) may optionally be bound to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
at least two of a plurality of R2(s) may optionally be bound to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a Cr C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
at least two of R1, R2, R29, and R30 may optionally be bound to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, R10a may be understood by referring to the description of R1 provided herein,
* and *′ in Formula 2A each indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
a substituent of the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is:
deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, or a C1-C60 alkylthio group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, or a C1-C60 alkylthio group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q11)(Q12), —Si(Q13)(Q14)(Q15), —Ge(Q13)(Q14)(Q15), —B(Q16)(Q17), —P(═O)(Q18)(Q19), —P(Q18)(Q19), or any combination thereof;
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C1-C60 alkylthio group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a Cr C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q21)(Q22), —Si(Q23)(Q24)(Q25), —Ge(Q23)(Q24)(Q25), —B(Q26)(Q27), —P(═O)(Q28)(Q29), —P(Q28)(Q29), or any combination thereof;
—N(Q31)(Q32), —Si(Q33)(Q34)(Q35), —Ge(Q33)(Q34)(Q35), —B(Q36)(Q37), —P(═O)(Q38)(Q39), or —P(Q38)(Q39); or
any combination thereof,
wherein Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29 and to Q39 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amino group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C1-C60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, or any combination thereof; a C2-C60 alkenyl group; a C2-C60 alkynyl group; a C1-C60 alkoxy group; a C1-C60 alkylthio group; a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group; a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group; a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C6-C60 aryl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, or any combination thereof; a C6-C60 aryloxy group; a C6-C60 arylthio group; a C1-C60 heteroaryl group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
The OLED substrate may have a tandem structure.
The OLED substrate may include a first blue emission unit, a green emission unit, and a second blue emission unit, which may be sequentially stacked, and the green emission unit may be located between the first and second blue emission units.
The OLED substrate may further include a first charge-generation layer located between the first blue emission unit and the green emission unit; and a second charge-generation layer located between the green emission unit and the second blue emission unit.
The first color filter may be a blue cut filter, and the second color filter may be a blue and green cut filter.
The first color filter may be an absorption-type green color filter, and the second color filter may be an absorption-type red color filter.
The third color-controlling element may include a blue color filter, and the display apparatus may further include a light-scattering element located between the blue color filter and the OLED substrate.
The third color-controlling element may include a color-conversion element including a third quantum dot for blue conversion, and the display apparatus may further include a third color filter on the third color-controlling element.
The third color filter may be a green cut filter or an absorption-type blue color filter.
The third color filter may be an absorption-type blue color filter.
A core portion of the second quantum dot may be greater in size than a core portion of the first quantum dot.
The first color-controlling element may correspond to a first sub-pixel region, the second color-controlling element may correspond to a second sub-pixel region, and the third color-controlling element may correspond to a third sub-pixel region, and the display apparatus may further include a fourth sub-pixel region, and the fourth sub-pixel region may emit a color different from colors emitted from the first to third sub-pixel regions.
The fourth sub-pixel region may be a blank region not having a color-controlling element on the OLED substrate or include a light-scattering element the OLED substrate.
A selective reflection film may be further included between the OLED substrate and the color-controlling unit.
The selective reflection film may transmit blue light and green light and reflect red light.
The display apparatus may further include a thin-film transistor (TFT) array substrate including a plurality of TFTs for driving pixel regions on the OLED substrate.
According to another aspect of an embodiment, an electronic apparatus may include the display apparatus.
The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.
Hereinafter, a display apparatus according to one or more embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The width and thickness of the layers or regions shown in the accompanying drawings may be exaggerated for clarity of the specification and convenience of description. The same reference numerals denote the same elements throughout the detailed description.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present
It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” “third” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section Thus, “a first element,” “component,” “region,” “layer” or “section” discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings herein.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, “a,” “an,” “the,” and “at least one” do not denote a limitation of quantity, and are intended to cover both the singular and plural, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, “an element” has the same meaning as “at least one element,” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
“Or” means “and/or.” As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Furthermore, relative terms, such as “lower” or “bottom” and “upper” or “top,” may be used herein to describe one element's relationship to another element as illustrated in the Figures It will be understood that relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures For example, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as being on the “lower” side of other elements would then be oriented on “upper” sides of the other elements The exemplary term “lower,” can therefore, encompasses both an orientation of “lower” and “upper,” depending on the particular orientation of the figure Similarly, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements would then be oriented “above” the other elements The exemplary terms “below” or “beneath” can, therefore, encompass both an orientation of above and below.
“About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10% or 5% of the stated value.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.
As shown in
The OLED substrate 100 may be referred to as a light source OLED. The OLED substrate 100 may include a structure in which at least one blue emission unit and at least one green emission unit are sequentially stacked. The blue emission unit may emit blue light having a peak wavelength band in a range of about 440 nanometers (nm) to about 500 nm or about 450 nm to about 480 nm, and the green emission unit may emit green light having a peak wavelength range in a range of about 500 to about 550 nm or about 510 nm to about 540 nm. Accordingly, the OLED substrate 100 may emit mixed light of blue light and green light. The blue emission unit may include a blue fluorescent material and/or a blue phosphorescent material. The green emission unit may include a green phosphorescent material and/or a green fluorescent material.
For example, the OLED substrate 100 may include a first blue emission unit 20, a green emission unit 30, and a second blue emission unit 40. The green emission unit 30 may be located between the first blue emission unit 20 and the second blue emission unit 40. The green emission unit 30 and the second blue emission unit 40 may be sequentially stacked on the first blue emission unit 20. The lifespan of each of the blue emission units 20 and 40 may be shorter than the lifespan of the green emission unit 30, and thus, it may be advantageous to use at least two blue emission units 20 and 40 and green emission units 30 less than the blue emission units 20. In consideration of luminescence efficiency, lifespan, performance, and the like, one green emission unit 30 may be used between the two blue emission units 20 and 40. However, the structure of the OLED substrate 100 may vary.
The OLED substrate 100 may have a tandem structure. In this embodiment, a first charge-generation layer (not shown) may be between the first blue emission unit 20 and the green emission unit 30. In addition, a second charge-generation layer (not shown) may be between the green emission unit 30 and the second blue emission unit 40. The tandem structure and the first and second charge-generation layers will be described in detail with reference to
A color-controlling unit 200 may be disposed on the OLED substrate 100. The color-controlling unit 200 may include a first color-controlling element 70a including a first quantum dot (QD) for green color conversion, a second color-controlling element 70b including a second QD for red color conversion, and a third color-controlling element 75c for emitting blue light. In addition, the color-controlling unit 200 may further include a first color filter 80a on the first color-controlling element 70a and a second color filter 80b on the second color-controlling element 70b.
The first color-controlling element 70a may be a green-QD containing layer and serve to convert light generated from the OLED substrate 100 to green light G. The second color-controlling element 70b may be a red-QD containing layer and serve to convert light generated from the OLED substrate 100 to red light R. Accordingly, the first color-controlling element 70a may be referred to as a first color-conversion element, and the second color-controlling element 70b may be referred to as a second color-conversion element. The color-conversion element may be prepared by mixing a resin material, specific quantum dots, and a light-scattering agent. The resin material may include, for example, a photoresist (PR) material. The third color-controlling element 75c may be a color filter that allows light generated from the OLED substrate 100 to selectively transmit a blue B wavelength region. In other words, the third color-controlling element 75c may be a blue-color filter (C/F). In this embodiment, the third color-controlling element 75c may be an absorption-type colorfilter including a specific pigment or quantum dots. The absorption-type color filter may serve to absorb light of wavelength band except light of the target wavelength band.
The first color filter 80a may cut wavelengths of a blue light region from light passed through the first color-controlling element 70a. The second colorfilter 80b may cut wavelengths of a blue and a green light region from light passed through the second color-controlling element 70b. The first color filter 80a may be referred to as a blue-cut filter, and the second color filter 80b may be referred to as a blue and green-cut filter. Accordingly, color-controlling/filtering characteristics may be improved by the first and second color filters 80a and 80b. Although it is not shown in
The first quantum dot that may be included in the first color-controlling element 70a may be a green-QD, and the second quantum dot that may be included in the second color-controlling element 70b may be a red-QD. A quantum dot refers to a semiconductor particle of a small sphere of nanometer (nm) size or a similar shape, and may have a size (diameter) of about several nm to several tens of nm. A quantum dot may have a monolithic structure or a core-shell structure, and in the case of a core-shell structure, the quantum dot may have a single shell structure or a multi-shell structure. For example, a quantum dot may include a core portion (center) including a predetermined first semiconductor and a shell portion including a second semiconductor. Here, a material for the core portion (center) may include cadmium selenide (CdSe), cadmium telluride (CdTe), or cadmium sulfide (CdS), and a material for the shell portion may include zinc sulfide (ZnS). Also, a non-cadmium-based quantum dot (QD) may be used. That is, various materials not including cadmium (Cd) may be applied to the quantum dot. However, the materials specifically presented here are exemplary, and other various materials may be applied to the quantum dot. For example, the quantum dot may include at least one of a group II-VI semiconductor, a group III-V semiconductor, a group IV-VI semiconductor, a group IV semiconductor, or a combination thereof.
Because quantum dots are very small in size, quantum dots may exhibit a quantum confinement effect. When a particle is very small, electrons in the particle form a discontinuous energy state by the outer wall of the particle. As the size of the space inside the particle is small, the energy state of the electrons is relatively high, and the energy band gap increases. This effect is called as the quantum confinement effect. According to such a quantum confinement effect, when light such as ultraviolet rays or visible rays is incident on a quantum dot, light of various wavelengths may be generated. The wavelength of light generated from a quantum dot may be determined by the size, material, or structure of the particle (quantum dot). Specifically, when light with a wavelength greater than the energy band width is incident on the quantum dot, the quantum dot may be excited by absorbing the energy of the light and may transit to a ground state while emitting light of a specific wavelength. In this case, as the size of the quantum dot (or, the core portion of the quantum dot) is smaller, light of a relatively short wavelength, for example, bluish light or greenish light may be generated, and as the size of the quantum dot (or, the core portion of the quantum dot) is larger, light of a relatively long wavelength, for example, reddish light may be generated. Therefore, light of various colors may be realized according to the size of the quantum dot (or the core portion of the quantum dot). Quantum dot particles that may emit greenish light may be referred to as green light quantum dot particles, and quantum dot particles that may emit reddish light may be referred to as red light quantum dot particles. For example, green light quantum dot particles (or the core portion thereof) may be particles having a particle width (diameter) in a range of about 2 nm to about 3 nm, and red light quantum dot particles (or the core portion thereof) may be particles having a width (diameter) of about 5 nm to about 6 nm. The emission wavelength may be controlled not only by the size (diameter) of the quantum dot but also by the material and structure.
The first color-controlling element 70a may be regarded as a kind of color filters that causes color conversion by using quantum dots. Thus, the first color-controlling element 70a may be referred to as a “first QD color filter”. Similarly, the second color-controlling element 70b may be referred to as a “second QD color filter”.
The first color filter 80a and the second color filter 80b of a cut-off filter type may be formed in, for example, a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure. A DBR structure that passes or reflects only the desired wavelength band may be created by repeatedly stacking two material layers (dielectrics) having different refractive indices and adjusting the thickness and the number of layers to be stacked of the material layers. The DBR structure may be applied to the first color filter 80a and the second color filter 80b. For example, a SiO2 layer and a TiO2 layer may be repeatedly stacked under λ/4 condition (here, “λ” represents a wavelength of light), and the thickness and the number of layers to be stacked may be controlled to increase a reflectance and a transmittance of a desired wavelength band. As the DBR structure is well known, the detailed descriptions thereof are omitted herein. In addition, at least one of the first color filter 80a and the second color filter 80b may have a structure other than the DBR structure, for example, a high-contrast grating (HCG) structure.
According to one or more embodiments, a light-scattering element may be further provided between the third color-controlling element 75c and the OLED substrate 100 of
As shown in
In some embodiments, as the third color-controlling element 75c in
As shown in
In some embodiments, an absorption-type color filter may be used instead of the first and second color filters 80a and 80b of the cut-off filter type in
As shown in
In some embodiments, a display apparatus may further include a fourth subpixel region, in addition to the R-subpixel (a first subpixel), the G-subpixel (a second subpixel), and the B-subpixel (a third subpixel). The fourth subpixel may exhibit a color (a fourth color) different from R, G, and B. The color (the fourth color) may be, for example, cyan (C), but embodiments are not limited thereto. Exemplary embodiments further including the fourth subpixel region are illustrated in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In the Examples shown in
As shown in
The OLED substrate 101 may include a first electrode 10 comprising a plurality of first electrodes 10a, 10b, and 10c. Each of the plurality of first electrodes 10a, 10b, and 10c may respectively be a patterned element corresponding to each subpixel region. The plurality of first electrodes 10a, 10b, and 10c may each be electrically connected to each TFT device of the TFT array substrate 1. The first blue emission unit 20, the green emission unit 30, and the second blue emission unit 40 may be sequentially stacked on the plurality of first electrodes 10a, 10b, and 10c. The first charge-generation layer 25 may be between the first blue emission unit 20 and the green emission unit 30. In addition, the second charge-generation layer 35 may be between the green emission unit 30 and the second blue emission unit 40. Thus, the first blue emission unit 20, the green emission unit 30, and the second blue emission unit 40 may be connected in series to each other to form a tandem structure. A second electrode 50 may be on the second blue emission unit 40. Here, the second electrode 50 is illustrated as not being patterned, however, the second electrode 50 may be patterned with a plurality of electrode elements. The first electrode 10 may be an anode, and the second electrode 50 may be a cathode, or vice versa. The first electrode 10 may not be patterned, and the second electrode 50 may be patterned, or, the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 50 may both be patterned. In addition, a plurality of the emission units 20, 30, and 40 and the charge-generation layers 25 and 35, which may be between the emission units 20, 30, and 40, between the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 50 may also be patterned according to a subpixel unit. A protection layer 60 may be further provided on the second electrode 50. The protection layer 60 may be formed of a transparent insulating material.
The color-controlling unit 201 may be on the protection layer 60. The color-controlling unit 201 is illustrated as having the same composition as the color-controlling unit 201 in
As shown in
The first blue emission unit 20a may include a first blue emission layer EML1 including an organic material-based blue luminous material, a first hole transport layer HTL1, and a first electron transport layer ETL1. The first hole transport layer HTL1 may be between the first blue emission layer EML1 and the first electrode 10, and the first electron transport layer ETL1 may be between the first blue emission layer EML1 and the first charge-generation layer 25. The green emission unit 30a may include a green emission layer EML2 including an organic material-based green luminous material, a second hole transport layer HTL2, and a second electron transport layer ETL2. The second blue emission unit 40a may include a second blue emission layer EML3 including an organic material-based blue luminous material, a third hole transport layer HTL3, and a third electron transport layer ETL3. Although it is not illustrated, the first blue emission unit 20a, the green emission unit 30a, and the second blue emission unit 40a may each include at least one of a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer. The first and second charge-generation layers 25 and 35 may be formed of a metal or metallic material, and the first and second charge-generation layers 25 and 35 may serve to improve luminescence efficiency of an OLED substrate.
In some embodiments, a “selective reflection film” may be further included between the OLED substrate 101 and the color-controlling unit 201 in the structure shown in
For example, the selective reflection film 65 may be formed in a DBR structure. A DBR structure that passes or reflects only the desired wavelength band may be created by repeatedly stacking two material layers (dielectrics) having different refractive indices and adjusting the thickness and the number of layers to be stacked of the material layers. The DBR structure may be applied to the selective reflection film 65. For example, a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer may be repeatedly stacked, and the reflectance or transmittance of the desired wavelength band may be increased by adjusting the material, the thickness, and the number of layers to be stacked of the material layers. However, the composition of the selective reflection film 65 may not be limited to DBR and may vary. The selective reflection film 65 may have a dichroic mirror structure.
In
Hereinafter, a blue luminescence material and a green luminescence material that may be applied to an OLED substrate of the display apparatus.
The blue luminescence material may be any suitable luminescence material that may emit blue light. For example, the blue luminescence material may be a blue phosphorescent dopant, a blue fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, at least one of the green emission units 30a (e.g., the green emission layer EML2 of the green emission unit 30a) in the OLED substrate 101 may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1:
M(L1)n1(L2)n2 Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1, M may be a transition metal.
In some embodiments, M may be a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, or a third-row transition metal.
In some embodiments, M may be iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), or rhodium (Rh).
In an embodiment, M may be Ir, Pt, Os, or Rh.
In one or more embodiments, M may be iridium (Ir).
In Formula 1, U may be a ligand represented by Formula 2A:
Formula 2A may be understood by referring to the descriptions herein.
n1 in Formula 1 indicates the number of U(s), and n1 may be 1, 2, or 3. When n1 is 2 or greater, at least two U(s) may be identical to or different from each other. In some embodiments, n1 may be 1 or 2.
L2 in Formula 1 may be an organic ligand. In some embodiments, L2 in Formula 1 may be any suitable ligand, e.g., a monodentate ligand, a bidentate ligand, a tridentate ligand, or a tetradentate ligand.
In Formula 1, n2 indicates the number of L2(s), and n2 may be 0, 1, or 2. When n2 is 2, the two L2(s) may be identical to or different from each other. In some embodiments, n2 may be 1 or 2.
In Formula 1, the sum of n1 and n2 may be 3.
L1 and L2 in Formula 1 may be different from each other.
In some embodiments, in Formula 1, 1) M may be Ir, and n1+n2=3, or M may be Pt, and n1+n2=2.
In Formula 2A, Y1 may be C or N. In some embodiments, Y1 may be N.
In Formula 2A, ring CY1 may be a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group.
In some embodiments, ring CY1 may be i) a first ring, ii) a second ring, iii) a condensed ring in which at least two first rings are condensed, iv) a condensed ring in which at least two second rings are condensed, or v) a condensed ring in which at least one first ring and at least one second ring are condensed,
the first ring may be a cyclopentane group, a cyclopentene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrrole group, a silole group, an oxazole group, an oxadiazole group, an oxatriazole group, a thiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a thiatriazole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an azasilole group, a borole group, a selenophene group, a germole group, or a phosphole group, and
the second ring may be an adamantane group, a norbornane group, a norbornene group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, ora triazine group.
In some embodiments, in Formula 2, ring CY1 may be a cyclopentene group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophenegroup, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, a norbornene group, a benzene group condensed with a cyclohexane group, or a benzene group condensed with a norbornane group.
In some embodiments,
Y1 in Formula 2A may be N, and
ring CY1 in Formula 2A may be:
a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, an imidazole group, a benzimidazole group, a naphthoimidazole group, a pyridoimidazole group, or a pyrimidoimidazole group; or
a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, an imidazole group, a benzimidazole group, a naphthoimidazole group, a pyridoimidazole group, or a pyrimidoimidazole group, each condensed with a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a norbornane group, or any combination thereof.
In Formula 2A, X21 may be O, S, S(═O), Se, N(R29), C(R29)(R30), or Si(R29)(R30). In some embodiments, X21 in Formula 2A may be O or S.
In Formula 2A, T1 to T4 may each independently be a carbon atom not bound to ring CY1 or M in Formula 1, N, a carbon atom bound to ring CY1, or a carbon atom bound to M in Formula 1, one of T1 to T4 may be a carbon atom bound to M in Formula 1, another one of T1 to T4, which may not be bound to bound to M, may be a carbon atom bound to ring CY1, and T5 to T8 may each independently be C or N.
According to an embodiment, in Formula 2A, T1 to T8 may not each be N.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2A, T1 to T7 may not each be N, and T8 may be N.
In Formula 2A, L1 and L2 may each independently be a single bond, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In some embodiments, U and L2 in Formula 1 may each independently be:
a single bond; or
a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, or a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In Formula 2A, c1 and c2 may respectively indicate the number of U(s) and L2(s), and c1 and c2 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5. When c1 is 2 or greater, at least two U(s) may be identical to or different from each other. When c2 is 2 or greater, at least two L2(s) may be identical to or different from each other. In some embodiments, c1 and c2 may each independently be 1 or 2.
In Formula 2A, R1, R2, R29, and R30 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), or —P(Q8)(Q9). Q1 to Q9 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of Q1 to Q9 provided herein.
In some embodiments, in Formula 2A, R2, R29, and R30 may each independently be:
hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, —SF5, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, or a C1-C20 alkylthio group; a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, or a C1, C20 alkylthio group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)adamantanyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)norbornanyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)norbornenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, or any combination thereof;
a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.2]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, or an azadibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a (deuterated)C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)adamantanyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)norbornanyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)norbornenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof; or
—N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), or —P(Q8)(Q9),
wherein Q1 to Q9 may each independently be:
deuterium, —F, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, —CD2CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, —CH2CF3, —CH2CF2H, —CH2CFH2, —CHFCH3, —CHFCF2H, —CHFCFH2, —CHFCF3, —CF2CF3, —CF2CF2H, or —CF2CFH2; or
an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, or any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, in Formula 2A, R1, R2, R29, and R30 may each independently be:
hydrogen, deuterium, —F, or a cyano group;
a C1-C20 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a deuterated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a fluorinated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a deuterated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a fluorinated Cr C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a deuterated phenyl group, a fluorinated a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a deuterated biphenyl group, a fluorinated biphenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)biphenyl group, or any combination thereof;
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, or a biphenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a deuterated C1-C20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a deuterated C1-C20 alkoxy group, a fluorinated C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a deuterated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a fluorinated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a deuterated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a fluorinated C1, C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a deuterated phenyl group, a fluorinated a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a deuterated biphenyl group, a fluorinated a biphenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)biphenyl group, or any combination thereof; or
—Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5) or —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5).
In Formula 2A, b1 and b2 may respectively indicate the number of R1(s) and R2(S), and b1 and b2 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20. When b1 is 2 or greater, at least two R1(s) may be identical to or different from each other. When b2 is 2 or greater, at least two R2(s) may be identical to or different from each other. In some embodiments, b1 and b2 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 6.
In Formula 2A, a1 may indicate the number of *-[(L1)c1-(R1)b1](s), and a1 may be an integer from 0 to 20. When a1 is 2 or greater, at least two *-[(L1)c1-(R1)b1](s) may be identical to or different from each other. In some embodiments, a1 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
In Formula 2A, a2 may indicate the number of *-[(L2)c2-(R2)b2](s), and a2 may be an integer from 0 to 6. When a2 is 2 or greater, at least two *-[(L2)c2-(R2)b2](s) may be identical to or different from each other. In some embodiments, a2 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
In some embodiments, in Formula 2A, ring CY1 may be represented by one of Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-44:
wherein, in Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-44,
Y1 may be understood by referring to the description of Y1 provided herein,
X1 may be O, S, S(═O), N-[(L1)c1-(R1)b1], C(R1a)(R1b), or C(R1a)(R1b),
L1, c1, R1, and b1 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of L1, c1, R1, and b1 provided herein,
R1a and R1b may each be understood by referring to the description of R1 provided herein,
*′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*″ indicates a binding site to one of T1 to T4 in Formula 2A.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2A, a group represented by
may be represented by one of Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(28):
wherein, in Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(28),
Y1 may be understood by referring to the description of Y1 provided herein,
L1, c1, R1, and b1 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of L1, c1, R1, and b1 provided herein,
R11 to R14 may each be understood by referring to the description of R1 provided herein, wherein R11 to R14 may not each be hydrogen,
*′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*″ indicates a binding site to one of T1 to T4 in Formula 2A.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2A, a group represented by
may be represented by one of Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-6:
wherein, in Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-6,
T1 to T4 may each independently be C or N,
X21 and T5 to T8 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of X21 and T5 to T8 provided herein,
* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*″ indicates a binding site to ring CY1 in Formula 2A.
In some embodiments, in Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-6, T1 to T8 may each be C.
In some embodiments, in Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-6, T1 to T7 may each be C, and T8 may be N.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, L1 may include deuterium, a fluoro group (—F), a deuterated C1-C20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group, a cyano group, a group represented by —Si(Qs)(Q4)(Q5), a group represented by —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), or any combination thereof.
In Formula 1, L2 may be represented by one of Formulae 3A to 3F:
wherein in Formulae 3A to 3F,
Y13 may be O, N, N(Z1), P(Z1)(Z2), or As(Z1)(Z2),
Y14 may be O, N, N(Z3), P(Z3)(Z4), or As(Z3)(Z4),
Tn may be a single bond, a double bond, *—C(Z11)(Z12)—*′, *—C(Z11)═C(Z12)—*′, *═C(Z11)—*′, *—C(Z11)=*′, *═C(Z11)—C(Z12)═C(Z13)—*′, *—C(Z11)═C(Z12)—C(Z13)=*′, *—N(Z11)—*′, or a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one Z11,
a11 may be an integer from 1 to 10, and when a11 is 2 or greater, at least two T11 (s) may be identical to or different from each other,
Y11 and Y12 may each independently be C or N,
T21 may be a single bond, a double bond, O, S, C(Z11)(Z12), Si(Z11)(Z12), or N(Z-n),
ring CY11 and ring CY12 may each independently be a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group,
A1 may be P or As,
Z1 to Z4 and Z11 to Z13 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions of R1 provided herein,
d1 and d2 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20, and
* and *′ each indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1.
In some embodiments, in Formula 1, L2 may be a group represented by Formula 3D.
In some embodiments, in Formula 3D, ring CY11 may be represented by one of Formulae CY11-1 to CY11-36:
wherein, in Formulae CY11-1 to CY11-36,
Y11 may be understood by referring to the description of Y1 provided herein,
* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*″ indicates a binding site to T21 in Formula 3D.
In Formula 3D, at least one hydrogen in Formulae CY11-1 to CY11-36 may optionally be substituted with Z1 in Formula 3D.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 3D, a group represented by
may be represented by one of Formulae CY11(1) to CY11(25):
wherein, in Formulae CY11(1) to CY11(25),
Y11 may be understood by referring to the description of Yu provided herein,
Z11 to Z14 may each be understood by referring to the description of Z1 provided herein, wherein Z11 to Z14 may not each be hydrogen,
* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*″ indicates a binding site to T21 in Formula 3D.
In some embodiments, Z12 in Formulae CY11(3), CY11(6), CY11(9), CY11(10), CY11(12), CY11(13), CY11(15), and CY11(16) may be a group represented by —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5) or —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5).
In some embodiments, the number of carbon atoms included in Z13 in Formulae CY11(4), CY11(7), CY11(9), CY11(11), CY11(12), CY11(14), and CY11(15) may be 2 or greater.
In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 3C and 3D, ring CY12 may be represented by one of Formulae CY12-1 to CY12-56:
wherein, in Formulae CY12-1 to CY12-56,
Y12 may be understood by referring to the description of Y12 provided herein,
X42a may be O, S, N, C, or Si,
*′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
* indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.
In Formulae 3C and 3D, at least one hydrogen of Formulae CY12-1 to CY12-56 may optionally be substituted with Z2 in Formulae 3C and 3D.
In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 3C and 3D, a group represented by
may be represented by Formulae CY12(1) to CY12(63):
wherein, in Formulae CY12(1) to CY12(63),
Y12 may be understood by referring to the description of Y12 provided herein,
X42 may be C(Z28)(Z29), N(Z28), O, S, or Si(Z28)(Z29),
Z21 to Z25, Z28, and Z29 may each be understood by referring to the description of Z2 provided herein, wherein Z21 to Z24 may not each be hydrogen,
*′ indicates a binding site to ring M in Formula 1, and
* indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, L2 may include deuterium, a fluoro group (—F), a deuterated C1-C20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group, a cyano group, a group represented by —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), a group represented by —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), or any combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, R2, R29, and R30 in Formula 2A and Z1 to Z4 and Z11 to Z13 in Formulae 3A to 3F may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, —OCH3,-OCDH2,-OCD2H, -OCD3, —SCH3,-SCDH2, -SCD2H, -SCD3, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-132, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-132 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-132 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-353, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-353 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-353 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), or —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), wherein to Q5 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of Q1 to Q5 provided herein:
In Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, 9-201 to 9-233, 10-1 to 10-132, and 10-201 to 10-353, * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom, “Ph” represents a phenyl group, “TMS” represents a trimethylsilyl group, “TMG” represents a trimethylgermyl group, and “OMe” represents a methoxy group.
The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-501 to 9-514 and 9-601 to 9-635:
The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-701 to 9-710:
The “group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-132 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-353 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-501 to 10-553:
The “group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-132 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-353 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-601 to 10-620:
In Formula 2A, i) at least two of a plurality of R1(s) may optionally be bound to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, ii) at least two of a plurality of R2(s) may optionally be bound to from a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, and iii) at least two of R1, R2, R29, and R30 may optionally be bound to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In the present specification, R10a may be understood by referring to the description of R1 provided herein.
* and *′ in Formula 2A each indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1.
At least one of the green emission units 30a in the OLED substrate 101 may include, in addition to the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, a hole transporting compound, an electron transporting compound, or any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, at least one of the green emission layer EML2 in the green emission unit 30a in the OLED substrate 101 may include a dopant and a host, the dopant may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, and the host may include a hole transporting Compound, an electron transporting compound, or any combination thereof.
The hole transporting compound may include at least one π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group and not include an electron transporting moiety,
the electron transporting compound may include at least one π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group and at least one electron transporting moiety, and
the electron transporting moiety may include a cyano group, a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group, a group represented by one of the following Formulae, or any combination thereof:
wherein, in the Formulae above, *, and *″ may each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.
The term “π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group” as used herein refers to a group including a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and at least one *—N=*′ moiety, for example, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinolic group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azaindene group, an azaindole group, an azabenzofuran group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azafluorene group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, or an azadibenzosilole group.
The term “π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group” as used herein refers to a cyclic group including 3 to 60 carbon atoms and not including a *—N=*′ moiety, for example, a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, an acridine group, ora dihydroacridine group.
The hole transporting compound may be different from the electron transporting compound.
In an embodiment, the hole transporting compound may include at least one carbazole group.
In one or more embodiments, the electron transporting compound may include at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group (e.g., a triazine group).
In some embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be one of Group 1 to Group 5:
wherein “OMe” in Compounds 1 to 1621 in Group 1 represents a methoxy group.
The green emission unit 30a of the OLED substrate 101 including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may emit green light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 500 nm to about 550 nm, for example, about 515 nm to about 530 nm, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) (at photoluminescence (PL) spectrum) of 70 nm or lower, for example, 60 nm or lower.
The term “C1-C60 alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C1-C60 alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C60 alkyl group.
The term “C1-C60 alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -OA101 (wherein A101 is the C1-C60 alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an iso-propyloxy group.
The term “C1-C60 alkylthio group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -SA102 (wherein A102 is the C1-C60 alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, and an iso-propylthio group.
The term “C1-C60 aryloxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -OA103 (wherein A131 is the C6-C60 aryl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include a phenoxy group and a naphthoxy group.
The term “C1-C60 arylthio group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -SA104 (wherein A104 is the C6-C60 aryl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include a phenylthiol group and a naphthylthio group.
The term “C2-C60 alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by including at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C2-C60 alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C60 alkenyl group.
The term “C2-C60 alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by including at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethynyl group, and a propynyl group. The term “C2-C60 alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C60 alkynyl group.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkyl group.
The term “a (C1-C20 alkyl)C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms attached to an alkylene group. A non-limiting example includes a —CH2-cyclopropyl group.
The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group.
The term “(C1-C20 alkyl)C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms attached to an alkylene group. A non-limiting example includes a —CH2— tetrahydrofuranyl group. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and that has no aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group.
The term “C1C10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Examples of the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group. The term “C6-C60 aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “C6-C60 arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C6-C60 aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C6-C60 aryl group and the C6-C60 arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other. The term “C7-C60 alkylaryl group” as used herein refers to a C6-C60 aryl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 alkyl group.
The terms “a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group” and “(C1-C20 alkyl)biphenyl group” refer to a monovalent phenyl group or biphenyl group, respectively, attached to an alkylene group. A non-limiting example of a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group includes a —CH2-phenyl group A non-limiting example of a (C1-C20 alkyl)biphenyl group includes a —CH2-biphenyl group
The term “C1-C60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C1-C60 heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C1-C60 heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C1-C60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other. The term “C2-C60 alkylheteroaryl group” refers to a C1-C60 heteroaryl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 alkyl group.
The term “C6-C60 aryloxy group” as used herein indicates -OA102 (wherein A102 is the C6-C60 aryl group), and the term a “C6-C60 arylthio group” as used herein indicates -SA103 (wherein A103 is the C6-C60 aryl group).
As used herein, the number of carbons in each group that is substituted (e.g., C1-C60) excludes the number of carbons in the substituent. For example, a C1-C60alkyl group can be substituted with a C1-C60 alkyl group. The total number of carbons included in the C1-C60 alkyl group substituted with the C1-C60 alkyl group is not limited to 60 carbons. In addition, more than one C1-C60 alkyl substituent may be present on the C1-C60 alkyl group. This definition is not limited to the C1-C60 alkyl group and applies to all substituted groups that recite a carbon range.
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and having no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 2 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, a heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Non-limiting examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
The maximum emission wavelength and FWHM as described above may be confirmed from Table 1 herein.
Films 1 to 18 in Table 1 each have a thickness of 50 nm. The films were prepared by co-depositing Compound H2-2, Compound H3-15, and each dopant in Table 1 at a weight ratio of 7.5:2.5:0.5 on a quartz substrate washed using chloroform and pure water. The maximum emission wavelength and FWHM in Table 1 were evaluated by measuring PL spectra of Films 1 to 18 by using an ISC PC1 spectrofluorometer, in which a xenon lamp is mounted.
From Table 1, it is found that the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may emit green light having the maximum emission wavelength and FHWM as described above, and thus, when the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 is used, a high-quality display apparatus may be realized.
Synthesis Example of Compound 125 of [Group 1] in Table 1 is as follows:
7.9 grams (g) (27.8 mmol) of Compound A1 and 4.4 g (12.6 mmol) of iridium chloride were mixed with 120 milliliters (mL) of ethoxyethanol and 40 mL of distilled water. Then, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 24 hours, and then the temperature was dropped to room temperature. A solid was formed therefrom, and then separated by filtration. The solid was sufficiently washed with water, methanol, and hexane in the stated order, and dried in a vacuum oven to thereby obtain 7.6 g of Compound A2 (yield: 76%).
3.3 g (2.1 mmol) of Compound A2 was mixed with 90 mL of methylene chloride, and a solution, in which 1.1 g (4.1 mmol) of AgOTf is dissolved in 30 mL of methanol, was added thereto. Then, the mixture was stirred for 18 hours at room temperature while blocking light by using an aluminum foil. The resultant was celite-filtered to remove a solid formed therefrom and filtered under reduced pressure to thereby obtain a solid (Compound A3). The solid was used in the following reaction without any further purification.
4.0 g (4.1 mmol) of Compound A3 and 4.5 mmol of Compound 125(1) were mixed with 40 mL of ethanol and stirred under reflux for 18 hours, followed by lowering the temperature. The thus obtained mixture was under reduced pressure to obtain a solid which then was subjected to column chromatography (eluent: methylene chloride (MC) and hexane) to thereby obtain Compound 125 of [Group 1],
It may be understood by a person skilled in the art that other compounds in Table 1 can be synthesized by using the following compounds instead of Compound A1 and/or Compound 125(1), based on the above Synthesis Example:
The display apparatus according to one or more embodiments described above may be applied to various electronic devices. For example, the display apparatus may be usefully applied to small-sized electronic devices such as portable devices and wearable devices, and medium- to large-sized electronic devices such as home appliances.
Although many features are specifically described in the above description, the description should be construed as examples of specific embodiments rather than limiting the scope of rights. For example, one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the features and connection relationship between the OLED substrates, the color-controlling unit, and the display apparatus including and the OLED substrates and the color-controlling unit may be variously modified. Therefore, the scope of rights should not be determined by the described embodiments, but should be determined by the inventive concept described in the claims.
As apparent from the foregoing description, a display apparatus having high efficiency and excellent color characteristics may be realized. A display apparatus in which green light is applied to a light source OLED may be realized.
A display apparatus showing excellent performance in which green light and blue light is applied to a light source OLED, and a plurality of quantum dot color-conversion elements and a plurality of color filter elements are used.
It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2020-0090567 | Jul 2020 | KR | national |
| 10-2021-0093126 | Jul 2021 | KR | national |
