Patent Application
20240074303
This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0097579, filed on Aug. 4, 2022, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. § 119, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
The present subject matter relates to a display apparatus and to an electronic apparatus including the same.
Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emission devices that have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response time, and excellent characteristics in terms of driving voltage, luminance, and the like. In addition, OLEDs can produce full-color images.
A typical OLED may include an anode, a cathode, and an emission layer (an organic material-containing emission layer) arranged between the anode and the cathode.
A hole transport region may be arranged between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be arranged between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers such as holes and electrons may recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons, and the excitons may transition from an excited state to a ground state, thus generating light.
In an OLED-based display including a plurality of quantum dot (QD) color conversion elements, a blue-OLED substrate, or a white-OLED substrate are mainly used as a light source.
Provided is a display apparatus having excellent performance.
Also provided is a display apparatus having excellent color characteristics and long lifespan.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the detailed description that follows and, in part, will be apparent from the detailed description, or may be learned by practice of the presented exemplary embodiments herein.
According to an aspect, a display apparatus includes:
about 430 nanometers≤λBEM1 about 500 nanometers Condition 1-1
about 430 nanometers≤λGAB1≤about 550 nanometers Condition 1-2
100%<(τEML/τD1)<200% Condition 1-3
|λBEM2−λABVL1|≤(λBEM1−λBEM2) Condition 1-4
T
1(D1)≥T1(D2) Condition 2-1
T
1(D1)≥S1(D2), Condition 2-2
wherein,
The first quantum dot may include a Group II-VI compound, a Group III-V compound, a Group II-III-V compound, a Group III-VI compound, a Group I-III-VI compound, a Group IV-VI compound, or a combination thereof.
The Group II-VI compound may be ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, MgSe, MgS, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS, or a combination thereof.
The Group III-V compound may be GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, or a combination thereof.
The Group II-III-V compound may be InZnP, InGaZnP, InAlZnP, or a combination thereof.
The Group III-VI compound may be GaS, GaSe, Ga2Se3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In2S3, In2Se3, InTe, InGaS3, InGaSe3, or a combination thereof.
The Group I-III-VI compound may be AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2, or a combination thereof.
The Group IV-VI compound may be SnS, SnSe, SnTe, SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, or a combination thereof.
The first quantum dot may have a core-shell structure.
The core may be the Group III-V compound, the Group II-III-V compound, the Group III-VI compound, the Group I-III-VI compound, or a combination thereof, and
the shell may be the Group II-VI compound, the Group IV-VI compound, or a mixture thereof.
The first quantum dot may include a core that is InP, InZnP, InGaP, or a combination thereof, and a shell that is ZnSe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnSeS, or a combination thereof.
The first absorption peak of the first quantum dot may be about 450 nanometers (nm) to about 510 nm, and the first emission peak of the first quantum dot may be about 500 nm to about 550 nm.
Energy may be transmitted from the first dopant to the second dopant.
The first dopant and the second dopant may emit light simultaneously.
The first dopant is present in the emission layer in an amount of about 5 weight percent (wt %) to about 30 wt %, and the second dopant is present in the emission layer in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 0.5 wt %, based on a total weight of the emission layer.
The first dopant may be a Pt complex having a tetradentate ligand including a benzimidazole moiety, an imidazole moiety, a pyrrole moiety, or a combination thereof.
The first dopant may be a Pt complex represented by Formula 1:
In Formula 1,
M may be a transition metal.
In Formula 1, X1 to X4 may each independently be C or N.
In Formula 1, two bonds of a bond between X1 and M, a bond between X2 and M, a bond between X3 and M, and a bond between X4 and M may be coordinate bonds, and the other two bonds may be covalent bonds.
In Formula 1, Z1 to Z4 may each independently be a group represented by Formula 2:
In Formula 1, b1 to b4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20, and a sum of b1 to b4 may be 1 or greater.
In Formula 1, ring CY1 to ring CY4 may each independently be a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group.
In Formula 1, T1 may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R5a)—*′, *—B(R5a)—*′, *—P(R5a)—*′, *—C(R5a)(R5b)—*′, *—Si(R5a)(R5b)—*′, *—Ge(R5a)(R5b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R5a)═*′, *═C(R5a)—*′, *—C(R5a)═C(R5b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In Formula 1, T2 may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R6a)—*′, *—B(R6a)—*′, *—P(R6a)—*′, *—C(R6a)(R6b)—*′, *—Si(R6a)(R6b)—*′, *—Ge(R6a)(R6b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R6a)═*′, *═C(R6a)—*′, *—C(R6a)═C(R6b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In Formula 1, T3 may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R7a)—*′, *—B(R7a)—*′, *—P(R7a)—*′, *—C(R7a)(R7b)—*′, *—Si(R7a)(R7b)—*′, *—Ge(R7a)(R7b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R7a)═*′, *═C(R7a)—*′, *—C(R7a)═C(R7b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In Formula 1, T4 may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R8a)—*′, *—B(R8a)—*′, *—P(R8a)—*′, *—C(R8a)(R8b)—*′, *—Si(R8a)(R8b)—*′, *—Ge(R8a)(R8b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R8a)═*′, *═C(R8a)—*′, *—C(R8a)═C(R8b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In Formula 1, n1 to n4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, and three or more of n1 to n4 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5.
In Formula 1, when n1 is 0, then T1 is absent, when n2 is 0, then T2 is absent, when n3 is 0, then T3 is absent, and when n4 is 0, then T4 is absent.
In Formula 1, when n1 is 2 or greater, two or more of T1 may be identical to or different from each other, when n2 is 2 or greater, two or more of T2 may be identical to or different from each other, when n3 is 2 or greater, two or more of T3 may be identical to or different from each other, and when n4 is 2 or greater, two or more of T4 may be identical to or different from each other.
In Formulae 1 and 2, R1 to R4, R5a, R5b, R6a, R6b, R7a, R7b, R8a, R8b, and Q51 to Q53 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), or —P(Q8)(Q9).
In Formula 2, at least one of Q51 to Q53 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
In Formula 1, a1 to a4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20.
In Formula 2, L1 may be a single bond, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In Formula 2, c1 may be an integer from 1 to 10.
In Formula 2, c2 may be an integer from 1 to 20.
In Formula 1, two or more of R1 may optionally be bonded to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In Formula 1, two or more of R2 may optionally be bonded to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In Formula 1, two or more of R3 may optionally be bonded to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In Formula 1, two or more of R4 may optionally be bonded to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
Two or more of R1 to R4, R5a, R5b, R6a, R6b, R7a, R7b, R8a, and R8b may optionally be bonded to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
R10a may be as defined for R1 herein,
* and *′ may each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom,
at least one substituent of the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be:
deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, or a C1-C60 alkylthio group,
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, or a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q11)(Q12), —Si(Q13)(Q14)(Q15), —Ge(Q13)(Q14)(Q15), —B(Q16)(Q17), —P(═O)(Q18)(Q19), —P(Q18)(Q19), or a combination thereof,
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C1-C60 alkylthio group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q21)(Q22), —Si(Q23)(Q24)(Q25), —Ge(Q23)(Q24)(Q25), —B(Q26)(Q27), —P(═O)(Q28)(Q29), —P(Q28)(Q29), or a combination thereof,
—N(Q31)(Q32), —Si(Q33)(Q34)(Q35), —Ge(Q33)(Q34)(Q35), —B(Q36)(Q37), —P(═O)(Q38)(Q39), or —P(Q38)(Q39), or
a combination thereof, and
Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
The second dopant may emit a thermally activated delayed fluorescence.
In some embodiments, the second dopant may be a polycyclic compound represented by Formula 3:
In Formula 3,
R111 to R115, R121 to R124, R131 to R134, R141 to R145, and R151 to R153 may each independently be one of Group R-1 to Group R-5,
two or more adjacent groups among R111 to R115, R121 to R124, R131 to R134, R141 to R145, and R151 to R153 may optionally combine to form a ring,
Group R-1 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —B(Q1)(Q2), —N(Q1)(Q2), —P(Q1)(Q2), —C(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)2(Q1), —P(═O)(Q1)(Q2), and —P(═S)(Q1)(Q2),
Q1 to Q3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,
two adjacent groups among R131 to R134 may be optionally linked to each other and condensed with a benzene ring in which R131 to R134 are bonded to form a moiety,
wherein X2 is N(Q1), O, or S, * indicates a binding site to B in Formula 3, and *′ indicates a binding site to N in Formula 3, and
Group R-2 may be a group represented by Formula 3-1 or a group represented by Formula 3-2:
In Formulae 3-1 and 3-2,
X21 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R25), or C(R25)(R26),
L21 and L22 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 heterocyclic group,
a21 and a22 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2,
b23 and b24 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4,
R21 to R26 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,
Group R-3 may be a group represented by Formula 3-3:
wherein, in Formula 3-3,
L31 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heterocyclic group,
n31 may be 0, 1 or 2,
X31 may be C(R31) or N, X32 may be C(R32) or N, X33 may be C(R33) or N, X34 may be C(R34) or N, X35 may be C(R35) or N, X36 may be C(R36) or N, X37 may be C(R37) or N, and X38 may be C(R38) or N, and
R31 to R38 may be as defined for Group R-1,
Group R-4 may be a group represented by Formula 3-4:
wherein, in Formula 3-4,
L23 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 heterocyclic group,
a23 may be 0, 1 or 2, and
b27 to b29 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and
Group R-5 may be a group represented by Formula 3-5:
In Formula 3-5,
R201, R202, and R203 may each independently be a C1-C20 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, —N(Q31)(Q32), or a combination thereof, and
c201 may be 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
The substrate may have a tandem structure.
The substrate may have a tandem structure further including at least one green light-emitting unit.
The color control portion may further include a second color control element including a second quantum dot for red color conversion.
The color control portion may further include a third color control element for expression of a blue color.
An average particle diameter of the core of the second quantum dot may be greater than an average particle diameter than the core of the first quantum dot.
The color control portion may further include a first color filter provided on the first color control element and a second color filter provided on the second color control element.
According to another aspect, an electronic apparatus includes the display apparatus.
The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain exemplary embodiments will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Reference will now be made in further detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present exemplary embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the detailed descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments are merely described in further detail below, and by referring to the figures, to explain certain aspects. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing one or more exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “or” means “and/or.” It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.
Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive concept belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
“About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value.
Hereinafter, a display apparatus according to exemplary embodiments will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The width and thickness of the layers or regions shown in the accompanying drawings may be exaggerated for clarity of the specification and convenience of description.
With reference to
The substrate 100 may be a light source OLED (i.e., the substrate 100 may be an OLED substrate). The substrate 100 may include at least one blue light-emitting unit. The at least one blue light-emitting unit may emit a blue light having a peak wavelength of about 430 nm to about 500 nm, or about 445 nm to about 475 nm. The blue light-emitting unit may include a blue fluorescence/delayed fluorescence material and/or a blue phosphorescent material.
For example, the substrate 100 may include one first blue light-emitting unit 20 as illustrated in
According to another embodiment, the substrate 100 may include at least one green light-emitting unit. The green light-emitting unit may emit a green light having a peak wavelength of about 500 nm to about 550 nm, or about 510 nm to about 540 nm. In such a case, the substrate 100 may emit a mixed light of a blue light and a green light.
The green light-emitting unit may include a green phosphorescent material and/or a green fluorescent material. As the lifespan of the blue light-emitting unit may be shorter than the lifespan of the green light-emitting unit, using two or more blue light-emitting units and a fewer number of green light-emitting unit may be advantageous. For example, the substrate 100 may have a stacked structure in which one green light-emitting unit is arranged between two blue light-emitting units. However, the configuration of the substrate 100 may vary.
When the substrate 100 has a tandem structure in which two or more light-emitting units are stacked, a charge generation layer (not shown) may be provided between adjacent light-emitting units. The tandem structure and the charge generation layer are to be described in detail with reference to
The color control portion 200 may be provided on one surface of the substrate 100. The color control portion 200 may include a first color control element 70a including a first quantum dot (QD) for green color conversion, a second color control element 70b including a second QD for red color conversion, and a third color control element 75c for a blue color expression. The color control portion 200 may further include a first color filter 80a provided on the first color control element 70a and a second color filter 80b provided on the second color control element 70b.
The first color control element 70a may be a green-QD-containing layer, and may convert a light generated from the substrate 100 into a green light G. The second color control element 70b may be a red-QD containing layer and may convert a light generated from the substrate 100 to a red light R. Accordingly, the first color control element 70a may be referred to as a first color conversion element, and the second color control element 70b may be referred to as a second color conversion element. The color conversion element may include a mixture of a resin material, certain quantum dots, and a light scattering agent. The resin material may include, for example, a photoresist (PR) material. According to another embodiment, the color conversion element may be formed from a QD ink. The third color control element 75c may be a color filter that optionally allows the blue (B) wavelength region of the light generated from the substrate 100 to pass therethrough. In other words, the third color control element 75c may be a blue-color filter (C/F). In this case, the third color control element 75c may be an absorption type color filter including a certain pigment or a QD. The absorption type color filter may absorb light of wavelength band except light of the target wavelength band.
The first color filter 80a may cut off the remaining blue wavelength region of the light that has passed through the first color control element 70a. The second color filter 80b may cut off the remaining blue and green wavelength regions of the light that has passed through the second color control element 70b. The first color filter 80a may be referred to as a first blue-cut filter, and the second color filter 80b may be referred to as a blue & green-cut filter (B, G Cut Filter). Accordingly, color-controlling/filtering characteristics may be improved by the first color filter 80a and the second color filter 80b. Although not illustrated in the drawings, a separate optical film may be additionally provided on the third color control element 75c. Full colors of RGB may be realized by using the color control portion 200. The arrangement order or arrangement method of the RGB subpixels provided herein is an example, and may be variously changed.
The first QD that may be included in the first color control element 70a may be a green-QD, and the second QD that may be included in the second color control element 70b may be a red-QD. A QD refers to a semiconductor particle of a small sphere of nanometer (nm) size or a similar shape, and may have a size (diameter) of about several nm to several tens of nm. A QD may have a monolithic structure or a core-shell structure, and in the case of a core-shell structure, the quantum dot may have a single shell structure or a multi-shell structure. For example, a QD may have a core (center) including a first semiconductor material and a shell (exterior) including a second semiconductor material, where the first semiconductor material may be different from the second semiconductor material.
For example, the first semiconductor material and the second semiconductor material may each independently include at least one of a Group II-VI compound, a Group III-V compound, a Group III-VI compound, a Group II-III-VI compound, a Group I-III-VI compound, a Group IV-VI compound, or a Group IV compound.
The Group II-VI compound may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe, or a combination thereof.
The Group III-V compound may include GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, or a combination thereof.
The Group II-III-V compound may include InZnP, InGaZnP, InAlZnP or a combination thereof.
The Group I-II-VI compound may include GaS, GaSe, Ga2Se3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In2S3, In2Se3, InTe, InGaS3, InGaSe3, or a combination thereof.
The Group I-III-VI compound may include AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2, or a combination thereof.
The Group IV-VI compound may include SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, or a combination thereof.
The Group IV compound may include Si, Ge, SiC, SiGe, or a combination thereof.
For example, the first semiconductor material and/or the second semiconductor material may be a semiconductor material not including cadmium, mercury, and/or lead. For example, the first semiconductor material may be a Group III-V compound, and the second semiconductor material may be a Group II-VI compound. For example, the first semiconductor material may be a compound including In and P, and the second semiconductor material may be a compound including Zn and chalcogenide.
Because QDs are very small in size, QDs may exhibit a quantum confinement effect. When a particle is very small, electrons in the particle form a discontinuous energy state by the outer wall of the particle. As the size of the space inside the particle is small, the energy state of the electrons is relatively high, and the energy band gap increases. This effect is called as the quantum confinement effect. According to such a quantum confinement effect, when light such as ultraviolet rays or visible rays is incident on a quantum dot, light of various wavelengths may be generated. The wavelength of light generated from a QD may be determined by the size, material, or structure of the particle (QD). Specifically, when light with a wavelength greater than the energy band gap is incident on the QD, the QD may be excited by absorbing the energy of the light and may transit to a ground state while emitting light of a specific wavelength. In this case, as the size of the quantum dot (or the size of the core of the quantum dot) is smaller, light of a relatively shorter wavelength, for example, a bluish light or a greenish light may be generated, and as the size of the quantum dot (or the size of the core of the quantum dot) is larger, light of a relatively longer wavelength, for example, a reddish light may be generated. Therefore, light of various colors may be realized according to the size of the quantum dot (or the size of the core of the quantum dot).
Quantum dot particles that may emit a greenish light may be referred to herein as green quantum dot (green-QD) particles, and quantum dot particles that may emit a reddish light may be referred to herein as red quantum dot (red-QD) particles. For example, green-QD particles (or the core thereof) may be particles having an average particle diameter of about 2 nm to about 3 nm, and red-QD particles (or the core thereof) may be particles having an average particle diameters of about 5 nm to about 6 nm. The emission wavelength may be controlled not only by the size (average particle diameter) of the quantum dot but also by the material and structure of the QD.
Since the first color control element 70a may be regarded as a kind of color filter that converts colors using quantum dots, the first color control element 70a may be referred to as a “first QD color filter”. Similarly, the second color control element 70b may be referred to as a “second QD color filter”.
The first color filter 80a and the second color filter 80b of cut-off filter type may be formed in, for example, a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure. A DBR structure that passes or reflects only the desired wavelength band may be created by repeatedly stacking two material layers (dielectrics) having different refractive indices and adjusting the thickness and the number of layers to be stacked of the material layers. The DBR structure may be applied to the first color filter 80a and the second color filter 80b. For example, a SiO2 layer and a TiO2 layer may be stacked repeatedly under the condition of λ/4 (here, λ represents a wavelength of emitted light), and by adjusting the thickness and the stacking number of the layers, the reflectivity and transmittance in a desired wavelength may be increased. As the DBR structure is well known, the detailed descriptions thereof are omitted herein. In addition, at least one of the first color filter 80a and the second color filter 80b may have a structure other than the DBR structure, for example, a high-contrast grating (HCG) structure.
According to another embodiment, a light-scattering element may be further provided between the third color control element 75c and the substrate 100. An example thereof is illustrated in
With reference to
According to another embodiment, instead of the blue-color filter, a color conversion element containing blue-QDs may be used as the third color control element 75c of
With reference to
According to another embodiment, an absorption-type color filter may be used instead of the first color filter 80a and the second color filter 80b of cut-off type in
With reference to
In another embodiment, the display apparatus may further include a fourth subpixel, in addition to a R-subpixel (a first subpixel), a G-subpixel (a second subpixel), and a B-subpixel (a third subpixel). The fourth subpixel may be configured to exhibit a color (a fourth color) other than R, G, and B. The substrate may further include another light-emitting unit, for example, a green light-emitting unit, in addition to the blue light-emitting unit. The other color (fourth color) may be, for example, cyan (C); however, embodiments are not limited thereto.
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
In the embodiments illustrated in
With reference to
The substrate 101 may include a plurality of first electrodes 10 (i.e., the first electrodes 10a, 10b, and 10c). The plurality of first electrodes 10a, 10b, and 10c may be elements patterned to respectively correspond to subpixels. Each of the plurality of first electrodes 10a, 10b, and 10c may be electrically connected with each of the TFT devices of the TFT array substrate 1. The first blue light-emitting unit 20, the green light-emitting unit 30, and the second blue light-emitting unit 40 may be sequentially stacked on the first electrodes 10a, 10b, and 10c in the stated order.
A first charge generation layer 25 may be provided between the first blue light-emitting unit 20 and the green light-emitting unit 30. Furthermore, a second charge generation layer 35 may be provided between the green light-emitting unit 30 and the second blue light-emitting unit 40. Accordingly, the first blue light-emitting unit 20, the green light-emitting unit 30, and the second blue light-emitting unit 40 may be connected to each other in series to form a tandem structure. A second electrode 50 may be provided on the second blue light-emitting unit 40. Although the second electrode 50 is described herein as not being patterned, in some embodiments, the second electrode 50 may be patterned into a plurality of electrode elements. The first electrode 10 may be an anode, and the second electrode 50 may be a cathode, or vice versa. The second electrode 50 may be patterned without patterning the first electrode 10, or both of the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 50 may be patterned. The plurality of light-emitting units (i.e., the first blue light-emitting unit 20, the green light-emitting unit 30, and the second blue light-emitting unit 40) located between the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 50 and the charge generation layers (i.e., the first charge generation layer 25 and the second charge generation layer 35) therebetween may have a structure patterned by the unit of subpixel. A protective layer 60 may be further provided on the second electrode 50. The protective layer 60 may be formed of a transparent insulating material. According to another embodiment, the green light-emitting unit 30 may be replaced with a blue light-emitting unit.
The color control portion 201 may be provided on the protective layer 60. Although the color control portion 201 is described as having the same configuration as the color control portion 201 of
With reference to
The first blue light-emitting unit 20a may include a first blue light-emitting layer EML1 including an organic-based blue light-emitting material, and may further include a first hole transport layer HTL1 and a first electron transport layer ETL1. The first hole transport layer HTL1 may be arranged between the first blue light-emitting layer EML1 and the first electrode 10, and the first electron transport layer ETL1 may be arranged between the first blue light-emitting layer EML1 and the first charge generation layer 25. The green light-emitting unit 30a may include a green light-emitting layer EML2 including an organic-based green light-emitting material, and may further include a second hole transport layer HTL2 and a second electron transport layer ETL2. The second blue light-emitting unit 40a may include a second blue light-emitting layer EML3 including an organic-based blue light-emitting material, and may further include a third hole transport layer HTL3 and a third electron transport layer ETL3. Although it is not shown in the drawings, each of the first blue light-emitting unit 20a, the green light-emitting unit 30a, and the second blue light-emitting unit 40a may further include at least one of a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof. The first charge generation layer 25 and the second charge generation layer 35 may be formed of a metal or a metallic material, and may perform the function of increasing the emission efficiency of the substrate. According to another embodiment, the green light-emitting unit 30a may be replaced with a blue light-emitting unit.
According to another embodiment, in the structure as described in
With reference to
For example, the selective reflection film 65 may be formed in a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure. A DBR structure that passes or reflects only the desired wavelength band may be created by repeatedly stacking two material layers (dielectrics) having different refractive indices and adjusting the thickness and the number of layers to be stacked of the material layers. The DBR structure may be applied to the selective reflection film 65. For example, a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer may be repeatedly stacked, and the reflectance or transmittance of the desired wavelength band may be increased by adjusting the material, the thickness, and the number of layers to be stacked of the material layers. However the configuration of the selective reflection film 65 is not limited to the DBR structure and may vary. The selective reflection film 65 may have a dichroic mirror structure.
Although
Hereinafter, the emission layer of the blue light-emitting unit applicable to the substrate of the display apparatus according to one or more embodiments is described in further detail.
The blue emission layer may introduce a hyperfluorescence system and includes a host, a first dopant, and a second dopant.
The first dopant may be, as a sensitizer, a phosphorescent material, and the second dopant may be, as a primary light-emitting material, a delayed fluorescence material. The first dopant may perform, as a sensitizer, the function of effectively transferring excitons generated at the host to the second dopant. The lowest triplet energy level of the first dopant may be greater than or equal to the lowest triplet energy level of the second dopant, and the lowest triplet energy level of the first dopant may be greater than or equal to the lowest singlet energy level of the second dopant. Furthermore, a difference between the lowest singlet energy of the second dopant, which is a delayed fluorescence material, and the lowest triplet energy of the second dopant may be 0.3 electron Volts (eV).
Fluorescent light may be emitted from the second dopant to which the excitons are transferred by such hyperfluorescence system (main emission). Phosphorescent light may be emitted from the second dopant by the remaining excitons in the second dopant (sub-emission). Accordingly, the emission from the emission layer may be combined emission of the emission from the first dopant and the emission from the second dopant.
The peak of the emission spectrum of the emission layer of the substrate according to the embodiment may be a combined emission peak of two or more emission peaks. The emission peak may be divided into individual peaks by deconvolution. Among the deconvoluted peaks, the most intensive emission peak (main emission peak) may be referred to as a first emission peak, and an emission peak which is less intensive than the first emission peak yet more intensive than other emission peaks may be referred to as a second emission peak. A difference between the first emission peak and the second emission peak of the emission layer of the substrate according to the embodiment may be less than or equal to about 30 nm, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission peak in the emission spectrum may be maintained to be within about 40 nm. As the FWHM of the emission peak is within the aforementioned range, the luminescence color purity may remain at a high level.
With respect to the absorption spectrum of the QD of the color control element of the color control portion in a wavelength region that overlaps with the emission spectrum of the OLED, the most intensive peak may be referred to herein as the first absorption peak. As used herein, a part showing the lowest light absorption between adjacent absorption peaks may be referred to as an absorption valley. An absorption valley between the first absorption peak and another adjacent absorption peak may be referred to herein as the first absorption valley.
The second emission peak of the emission spectrum of the OLED light-emitting unit according to the embodiment may be apart from the first absorption valley by, for example less than or equal to about 10 nm in the absorption spectrum of the QD. In this case, by adjusting a composition ratio of the first dopant and the second dopant, a distance between the second emission peak and the first absorption valley may be adjusted. When the second emission peak is in a close distance from the first absorption valley, for example, in a distance less than or equal to about 10 nm, the second emission peak may not be absorbed by the QD.
The first dopant, which is a phosphorescent sensitizer, may have a longer lifespan than the second dopant, which is a delayed fluorescence material. Accordingly, the higher a content ratio of the first dopant in the emission layer is, the longer the lifespan of the emission layer may be. However, when the second emission peak based on the phosphorescent dopant is out of the first emission peak, which is the main emission peak, the luminescence color purity of the OLED may be degraded. When the second emission peak is close to or overlaps with the first absorption valley of the QD, as the light of the second emission peak is not absorbed by the color control element, the color purity of the display apparatus may be less affected, and the lifespan of the substrate may be improved.
In the emission spectrum of the blue OLED light-emitting unit, the first emission peak is represented by λBEM1, and the second emission peak is represented by λBEM2. In the absorption spectrum of the QD of the color control element for the green color conversion in the color control portion, the first absorption peak is represented by λABP1, and the first absorption valley is represented by λABVL1.
The blue OLED light-emitting unit according to one or more embodiments may have a maximum emission wavelength (λBEM1) of about 430 nm to about 500 nm, for example, about 445 nm to about 475 nm, and may emit a blue light having a FWHM of less than or equal to about 50 nm, for example, less than or equal to about 40 nm. The absorption spectrum of the QD of the color control element for green color conversion according to one or more embodiments may have a maximum absorption peak (λABP1) of about 430 nm to about 550 nm, for example, about 450 nm to about 510 nm. The QD of the color control element for green color conversion may have a first emission peak in a wavelength range of about 500 nm to about 550 nm. The first emission peak may have the most intense peak in the spectrum of converted and emitted light that has been absorbed by the QD.
When the photoluminescence (PL) transient decay lifetime of the blue OLED light-emitting unit is represented by τBEM, and the PL transient decay lifetime of the case where only the first dopant is used as a light-emitting material of the emission layer is represented by τD1, (τEML/τD1) may be in a range greater than 1 and less than 2, for example, greater than or equal to 1.2 and less than or equal to 1.8, or for example, greater than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.7. The PL transient decay lifetime of the phosphorescent dopant may be relatively shorter than that of the delayed fluorescence dopant. When the PL transient decay lifetime is short, the time in which molecules are in a high-energy state may be shortened, which leads to reduced deterioration due to high energy. When (τEML/τD1) is in the aforementioned range, a dopant may be less deteriorated, while the emission efficiency is maintained at a high level.
According to one or more embodiments, an absolute value of a difference between the second emission peak (λBEM2) and the first absorption valley (λABVL1) may be less than a difference between the first emission peak (λBEM1) and the second emission peak (λBEM2). In this case, the emission spectrum of the OLED unit and the absorption spectrum of the QD of the color control element may overlap with each other to maintain high emission efficiency of the display apparatus according to the embodiment.
The triplet energy of the first dopant (T1(D1)) is greater than or equal to the triplet energy of the second dopant (T1(D2)) and the singlet energy of the second dopant (S1(D1)).
The first dopant may be at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 below, and the second dopant may be a polycyclic compound represented by Formula 3 below.
Hereinafter, the first dopant and the second dopant are described in further detail.
According to one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound of the first dopant may be represented by Formula 1:
M in Formula 1 may be a transition metal.
For example, M may be a Period 1 transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, a Period 2 transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, or Period 3 transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements.
In another example, M may be iridium, platinum, osmium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, europium, terbium, thulium, rhodium, palladium, or gold.
According to one or more embodiments, M in Formula 1 may be platinum, palladium, or gold.
In Formula 1, X1 to X4 may each independently be C or N.
According to one or more embodiments, X2 and X3 may be C, and X4 may be N.
In Formula 1, two bonds of a bond between X1 and M, a bond between X2 and M, a bond between X3 and M, and a bond between X4 and M may be coordinate bonds, and the other two bonds may be covalent bonds.
According to one or more embodiments, a bond between X1 and M in Formula 1 may be a coordinate bond.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, a bond between X1 and M and a bond between X4 and M may be a coordinate bond, and a bond between X2 and M and a bond between X3 and M may be a covalent bond.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1,
X2 and X3 may each be C,
X4 may be N,
a bond between X2 and M and a bond between X3 and M may each be a covalent bond, and
a bond between X4 and M may be a coordinate bond.
In Formula 1, Z1 to Z4 may each independently be a group represented by Formula 2:
Details of Formula 2 are as described herein.
In Formula 1, b1 to b4 respectively represent the numbers of Z1 to Z4, and may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, or 3), wherein a sum of b1 to b4 may be 1 or greater (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6). That is, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 2 may include at least one (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6) group represented by Formula 2. When b1 is 2 or greater, two or more of Z1 may be identical to or different from each other, when b2 is 2 or greater, two or more of Z2 may be identical to or different from each other, when b3 is 2 or greater, two or more of Z3 may be identical to or different from each other, and when b4 is 2 or greater, two or more of Z4 may be identical to or different from each other.
According to one or more embodiments, in Formula 1,
Ring CY1 to ring CY4 in Formula 1 may each independently be a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group.
For example, ring CY1 to ring CY4 in Formula 1 may each independently be i) a first ring, ii) a second ring, iii) a condensed ring group in which two or more first rings are condensed with each other, iv) a condensed ring group in which two or more second rings are condensed with each other, or v) a condensed ring group in which at least one first ring and at least one second ring are condensed with each other,
the first ring may be a cyclopentane group, a cyclopentadiene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrrole group, a silole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, an isoxadiazole group, an oxatriazole group, an isoxatriazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an isothiadiazole group, a thiatriazole group, an isothiatriazole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an azasilole group, a diazasilole group, or a triazasilole group, and
the second ring may be an adamantane group, a norbornane group, a norbornene group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, an oxazine group, a thiazine group, a dihydropyrazine group, a dihydropyridine group, or a dihydroazasilole group.
According to one or more embodiments, ring CY1 in Formula 1 may be i) a first ring, ii) a condensed ring group in which two or more first rings are condensed with each other, or iii) a condensed ring group in which at least one first ring and at least one second ring are condensed with each other, and C or N in the first ring included in ring CY1 may be X1 in Formula 1. That is, the first ring (e.g., a 5-membered ring) included in ring CY1 may be combined with M in Formula 1. In this regard, the first ring and the second ring are as described herein.
According to another embodiment, ring CY1 to ring CY4 in Formula 1 may each independently be a cyclopentene group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluorene-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an iso-oxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, or a norbornene group.
According to another embodiment, ring CY1 in Formula 1 may be a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, or a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group.
According to another embodiment, ring CY2 and ring CY4 in Formula 1 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, or a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group.
In Formula 1, T1 may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R5a)—*′, *—B(R5a)—*′, *—P(R5a)—*′, *—C(R5a)(R5b)—*′, *—Si(R5a)(R5b)—*′, *—Ge(R5a)(R5b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R5a)═*′, *═C(R5a)—*′, *—C(R5a)═C(R5b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, T2 may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R6a)—*′, *—B(R6a)—*′, *—P(R6a)—*′, *—C(R6a)(R6b)—*′, *—Si(R6a)(R6b)—*′, *—Ge(R6a)(R6b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′ *—C(R6a)═*′, *═C(R6a)—*′, *—C(R6a)═C(R6b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, T3 may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R7a)—*′, *—B(R7a)—*′, *—P(R7a)—*′, *—C(R7a)(R7b)—*′, *—Si(R7a)(R7b)—*′, *—Ge(R7a)(R7b)—*′, *—S*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′ *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R7a)—*′, *═C(R7a)—*′, *—C(R7a)═C(R7b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, and T4 may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R8a)—*′ *—B(R8a)—*′, *—P(R8a)—*′, *—C(R8a)(R8b)—*′, *—Si(R8a)(R8b)—*′, *—Ge(R8a)(R8b)—*′, *—S*′, *—Se—*′ *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′ *—C(R8a)═*′, *═C(R8a)—*′, *—C(R8a)═C(R8b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a. Each of R5a, R5b, R6a, R6b, R7a, R7b, R8a, and R8b is as described herein.
In Formula 1, n1 to n4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, and three or more of n1 to n4 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5. That is, an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a tetradentate ligand.
In Formula 1, when n1 is 0, then T1 is absent, when n2 is 0, then T2 is absent, when n3 is 0, then T3 is absent, and when n4 is 0, then T4 is absent.
In Formula 1, when n1 is 2 or greater, two or more of T1 may be identical to or different from each other, when n2 is 2 or greater, two or more of T2 may be identical to or different from each other, when n3 is 2 or greater, two or more of T3 may be identical to or different from each other, and when n4 is 2 or greater, two or more of T4 may be identical to or different from each other.
For example, in Formula 1,
In another example, in Formula 1, n1 and n3 may not be 0.
According to one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, and T1 may be *—N(R5a)—*′, *—B(R5a)—*′, *—P(R5a)—*′, *—C(R5a)(R5b)—*′, *—Si(R5a)(R5b)—*′, *—Ge(R5a)(R5b)—*′, *—S—*′, or *—O—*′.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, and T2 may be a single bond.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, and T2 may be *—N(R6a)—*′, *—B(R6a)—*′, *—P(R6a)—*′, *—C(R6a)(R6b)—*′, *—Si(R6a)(R6b)—*′, *—Ge(R6a)(R6b)—*′, *—S—*′, or *—O—*′
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n3 may not be 0, and T3 may be a single bond.
According to another embodiment, n3 in Formula 1 may be 0.
According to another embodiment, n4 in Formula 1 may be 0.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n4 may not be 0, and T4 may be *—N(R8a)—*′, *—B(R8a)—*′, *—P(R8a)—*′, *—C(R8a)(R8b)—*′, *—Si(R8a)(R8b)—*′, *—Ge(R8a)(R8b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′ *—C(R8a)═*′, *═C(R8a)—*′, *—C(R8a)═C(R8b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n4 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4, and T4 may be *—C(R8a)(R8b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—O—*′, or a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
R1 to R4, R5a, R5b, R6a, R6b, R7a, R7b, R8a, R8b, and Q51 to Q53 in Formulae 1 and 1-1, may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), or —P(Q8)(Q9), and at least one of Q51 to Q53 (e.g., one or two of Q51 to Q53) in Formula 2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
For example, R1 to R4, R5a, R5b, R6a, R6b, R7a, R7b, R8a, R8b, and Q51 to Q53 may each independently be:
hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, —SF5, C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkenyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, or a C1-C20 alkylthio group;
a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkenyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, or a C1-C20 alkylthio group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)adamantanyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)norbornanyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)norbornenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, or a combination thereof;
a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, or an azadibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a deuterated C2-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C1-C20 alkylthio group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)adamantanyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)norbornanyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)norbornenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, or a combination thereof; or
—N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), or —P(Q8)(Q9),
and
Q1 to Q9 may each independently be:
deuterium, —F, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, —CD2CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, —CH2CF3, —CH2CF2H, —CH2CFH2, —CHFCH3, —CHFCF2H, —CHFCFH2, —CHFCF3, —CF2CF3, —CF2CF2H, or —CF2CFH2; or
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a combination thereof.
According to one or more embodiments, Q51 to Q53 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and at least one of Q51 to Q53 (e.g., one or two of Q51 to Q53) may be a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
According to another embodiment, Q51 to Q53 may each independently be a C1-C20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, or azadibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, or a combination thereof, and
at least one of Q51 to Q53 (e.g., one or two of Q51 to Q53) may be a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, or an azadibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a (C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, or a combination thereof.
According to another embodiment, R1 to R4, R5a, R5b, R6a, R6b, R7a, R7b, R8a, R8b, and Q51 to Q53 in Formulae 1 and 2 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a C1-C10 alkenyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C1-C10 alkylthio group, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-237, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-237 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-237 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), or —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), wherein Q3 to Q5 are as described herein:
* in Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, 9-201 to 9-237, 10-1 to 10-129, and 10-201 to 10-350 indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom, “Ph” is a phenyl group, “TMS” is a trimethylsilyl group, and “TMG” is a trimethylgermyl group.
According to another embodiment, Q51 to Q53 may each independently be —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-129, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F.
According to anther embodiment, at least one of Q51 to Q53 (e.g., one of Q51 to Q53) may be a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-129, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, or a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F.
The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-237 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-501 to 9-514 or 9-601 to 9-636:
The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-701 to 9-710:
The “group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” and “the group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-501 to 10-553:
The “group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-601 to 10-617:
a1 to a4 in Formula 1 each indicate the numbers of R1 to R4 groups, respectively, and may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20 (for example, 0, 1, 2, or 3). When a1 is 2 or greater, two or more of R1(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a2 is 2 or greater, two or more of R2(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a3 is 2 or greater, two or more of R3(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when a4 is 2 or greater, two or more of R4(s) may be identical to or different from each other.
According to one or more embodiments, in Formula 1,
In Formula 2, L1 may be a single bond, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with R10a.
For example, in Formula 2, L1 may be:
a single bond; or
a cyclopentene group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluoren-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, or a norbornene group, each substituted or unsubstituted with at least one R10a.
According to one or more embodiments, L1 may be:
a single bond; or
a phenylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
c1 in Formula 2 indicates the number of L1 groups, and may be an integer from 1 to 10, for example, 1, 2, or 3. When c1 is 2 or greater, two or more L1 may be identical to or different from each other.
c2 in Formula 2 may indicate the number of group(s) represented by *—C(Q1)(Q52)(Q53) (where, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring L1) and may be an integer from 1 to 20, for example, 1, 2, or 3. When c2 is 2 or greater, two or more groups represented by *—C(Q1)(Q52)(Q53) may be identical to or different from each other.
In Formula 1, 1) two or more of R1 may optionally be bonded together to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, 2) two or more of R2 may optionally be bonded together to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C3 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, 3) two or more of R3 may optionally be bonded together to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, 4) two or more of R4 may optionally be bonded together to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, and 5) two or more of R1 to R4, R5a, R5b, R6a, R6b, R7a, R7b, R8a, and R8b may optionally bonded to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
R10a is as described herein in connection with R1.
According to one or more embodiments, n3 in Formula 1 may not be 0, and ring CY1 may be represented by one of Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(56) or CY1(101) to CY1(108):
In Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(56) and CY1(101) to CY1(108),
X1 may be C or N, and X1 in Formulae CY1(27) to CY1(39) and CY1(101) to CY1(108) may be C,
X11 may be O, S, N(R18), C(R18)(R19), or Si(R18)(R19), and R18 and R19 may each be understood by referring to the description of R1 provided herein,
* may indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1,
*′ may indicate a binding site to T3 in Formula 1, and
*″ may indicate a binding site to T4 in Formula 1.
According to another embodiment, n3 in Formula 1 may not be 0, n4 may be 0, and a group represented by
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-31 or CY1-1Z to CY1-21Z:
In Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-31 and CY1-1Z to CY1-21Z,
X1 may be C or N, or X1 in Formulae CY1-21 to CY1-31 and CY1-14Z to CY1-21Z may be C,
R1 and R11 to R15 may each be understood by referring to the description of R1 provided herein, provided that each of R11 to R15 may not be hydrogen,
Z11 to Z15 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions of Z1 provided herein,
* may indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*′ may indicate a binding site to T3 in Formula 1.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n3 may not be 0, n4 may be 0, a group represented by
may be represented by one of Formula CY1-1Z, Formula CY1-9Z, Formula CY1-14Z, or Formula CY1-17Z, and Z11 in Formulae CY1-1Z, CY1-9Z, CY1-14Z, and CY1-17Z may be a group represented by Formula 2 in which L1 is not a single bond.
According to one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n3 may not be 0, and ring CY2 may be represented by one of Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(15):
In Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(15),
X2 may be C or N,
X21 may be O, S, N(R28), C(R28)(R29), or Si(R28)(R29), and R28 and R29 may each be understood by referring to the description of R2 provided herein,
*′ may indicate a binding site to T3 in Formula 1, and
* may indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*″ may indicate a binding site to T1 in Formula 1.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n3 may not be 0, a group represented by
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-8 or CY2-1Z to CY2-5Z:
In Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-8 and CY2-1Z to CY2-5Z,
X1 may be C or N,
R2 and R21 to R23 may each be understood by referring to the description of R2 provided herein, provided that each of R21 to R23 may not be hydrogen,
Z21 to Z23 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions of Z2 provided herein,
*′ may indicate a binding site to T3 in Formula 1,
* may indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*″ may indicate a binding site to T1 in Formula 1.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n2 may not be 0, and ring CY3 may be a group represented by Formula CY3-A or CY3-B:
In Formulae CY3-A and CY3-B,
X3 and ring CY3 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of X3 and ring CY3 provided herein,
Y31 and Y32 may each independently be O, S, N, C, or Si,
In Formula CY3-A, a bond between X3 and Y32 and a bond between Y32 and Y31 may each be a chemical bond, and in Formula CY3-B, a bond between X3 and Y31 may be a chemical bond,
*″ may indicate a binding site to T1 in Formula 1,
* may indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*′ may indicate a binding site to T2 in Formula 1.
For example, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n2 may not be 0, and ring CY3 may be a group represented by Formula CY3-A.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, and ring CY3 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(12) or CY3(101) to CY3(122):
In Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(12) and CY3(1) to CY3(122),
X3 may be C or N,
X31 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R38), C(R38)(R39), or Si(R38)(R39), X32 may be O, S, N(R38), C(R38)(R39), or Si(R38)(R39), and R38 and R39 may each be understood by referring to the description of R3 provided herein,
*″ may indicate a binding site to T1 in Formula 1,
* may indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*′ may indicate a binding site to T2 in Formula 1.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n2 may not be 0, a group represented by
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY3-1 to CY3-16 or CY3-1Z to CY3-7Z:
In Formulae CY3-1 to CY3-16 and CY3-1Z to CY3-7Z,
X3 may be C or N,
R3 and R31 to R36 may each be understood by referring to the description of R3 provided herein, provide that each of R31 to R36 may not be hydrogen,
Z31 to Z36 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions of Z3 provided herein,
*″ may indicate a binding site to T1 in Formula 1,
* may indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*′ may indicate a binding site to T2 in Formula 1.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, n4 may be 0, and ring CY4 may be a group represented by Formula CY4-A or CY4-B:
In Formulae CY4-A and CY4-B,
X4 and ring CY4 may respectively be as described herein,
Y41 and Y42 may each independently be O, S, N, C or Si,
in Formula CY4-A, a bond between X4 and Y41 may be a chemical bond, and in Formula CY4-B, a bond between X4 and Y42 and a bond between Y42 and Y41 may each be a chemical bond,
* may indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*′ may indicate a binding site to T2 in Formula 1.
For example, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, n4 may be 0, and ring CY4 may be a group represented by Formula CY4-A.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, and ring CY4 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY4(1) to CY4(21) or CY4(101) to CY4(111):
In Formulae CY4(1) to CY4(21) and CY4(1) to CY4(111),
X4 may be C or N,
X41 may be O, S, N(R48), C(R48)(R49), or Si(R48)(R49), and R48 and R49 may each be understood by referring to the description of R4 provided herein,
* may indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1,
*′ may indicate a binding site to T2 in Formula 1, and
*″ may indicate a binding site to T4 in Formula 1.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, n4 may be 0, and a group represented by
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY4-1 to CY4-24 or CY4-1Z to CY4-6Z:
In Formulae CY4-1 to CY4-24 and CY4-1Z to CY4-6Z,
X4 may be C or N,
R4 and R41 to R44 may each be understood by referring to the description of R4 provided herein, provided that each of R41 to R44 may not be hydrogen,
Z41 to Z44 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions of Z4 provided herein,
* may indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
*′ may indicate a binding site to T2 in Formula 1.
According to another embodiment, in Formula 2, a group represented by *—C(Q51)(Q52)(Q53) may be a group represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-20:
In Formulae 2-1 to 2-20 Q51, Q52 and Q61 to Q65 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, Q51, Q52 and Q61 to Q65 may each be identical to or different from each other, and * may indicate a binding site to L1 in Formula 2.
For example, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-20, Q51, Q52 and Q61 to Q65 may each independently be a C1-C20 alkyl group or a phenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a combination thereof.
For example, a group represented by Formula 2 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-20 where L1 is a single bond.
In another example, Z1 to Z4, Z11 to Z15, Z21 to Z23, Z31 to Z36, and Z41 to Z44 may each independently be a group represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-20.
According to another embodiment, a group represented by Formula 2 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 2(1) to 2(19) wherein L1 is a phenylene group and c1 is 1:
In Formulae 2(1) to 2(19), T1 to T15 may be a group represented by *—C(Q51)(Q52)(Q53) in Formula 2, and T11 to T15 may be identical to or different from each other, R10a may be understood by referring to the description of R1 provided herein, and * may indicate a binding site to at least one of ring CY1 to ring CY4 in Formula 1.
For example, Z1 to Z4, Z11 to Z15, Z21 to Z23, Z31 to Z36, and Z41 to Z44 may each independently be a group represented by one of Formulae 2(1) to 2(19).
According to another embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may satisfy at least one of Condition 1 to Condition 4:
Condition 1
wherein, in Formula 1,
n3 may not be 0,
n4 may be 0, and
a group represented by
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY1-1Z to CY1-21Z
Condition 2
Wherein, in Formula 1,
n1 may not be 0,
n3 may not be 0, and
a group represented by
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY2-1Z to CY2-5Z
Condition 3
wherein, in Formula 1,
n1 may not be 0,
n2 may not be 0, and
a group represented by
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY3-1Z to CY3-7Z
Condition 4
wherein, in Formula 1,
n2 may not be 0,
n4 may be 0, and
a group represented by
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY4-1Z to CY4-6Z.
According to another embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may emit a blue light.
According to one or more embodiments, the polycyclic compound of the second dopant may be represented by Formula 3:
In Formula 3,
R111 to R115, R121 to R124, R131 to R134, R141 to R145, and R151 to R153 may each independently be one of Group R-1 to Group R-5,
two or more adjacent groups among R111 to R115, R121 to R124, R131 to R134, R141 to R145 and R151 to R153 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
Group R-1 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —B(Q1)(Q2), —N(Q1)(Q2), —P(Q1)(Q2), —C(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)2(Q1), —P(═O)(Q1)(Q2), and —P(═S)(Q1)(Q2),
Q1 to Q3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C1-C60 alkylthio group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 alkylheteroaryl group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and
two adjacent groups of R131 to R134 may be optionally linked to each other and condensed with a benzene ring in which R131 to R134 are bonded to form a moiety,
wherein X2 is N(Q1), O, or S, * indicates a binding site to B in Formula 3, and *′ indicates a binding site to N in Formula 3.
Group R-2 may be a group represented by Formula 3-1 or a group represented by Formula 3-2:
wherein, in Formulae 3-1 and 3-2,
X21 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R25), or C(R25)(R26),
L21 and L22 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 heterocyclic group,
a21 and a22 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2,
b23 and b24 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and
R21 to R26 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,
Group R-3 may be a group represented by Formula 3-3:
wherein, inn Formula 3-3,
L31 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heterocyclic group,
n31 may be 0, 1 or 2,
X31 may be C(R31) or N, X32 is C(R32) or N, X33 is C(R33) or N, X34 is C(R34) or N, X35 is C(R35) or N, X36 is C(R36) or N, X37 is C(R37) or N, and X38 is C(R38) or N, and
R31 to R38 may as defined for Group R-1,
Group R-4 may be a group represented by Formula 3-4:
wherein, in Formula 3-4,
L23 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 heterocyclic group,
a23 may each independently be 0, 1 or 2, and
b27 to b29 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5,
Group R-5 may be a group represented by Formula 3-5:
wherein, in Formula 3-5,
R201, R202, and R203 may each independently be a C1-C20 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, —N(Q31)(Q32), or a combination thereof, and
c201 may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
Q31 and Q32 may be understood by referring to the description of Q1 to Q3 herein.
At least one blue light-emitting unit of the substrate 101 may further include a hole transport compound, an electron transport compound, or a combination thereof, in addition to the at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 and the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 2 as described above.
According to one or more embodiments, at least one blue light-emitting unit of the blue emission layer of the substrate 101 may include the first dopant, the second dopant, and the host, wherein the first dopant may include at least one of the organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1, and the second dopant may include the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 3. According to one or more embodiments, the host may include a hole transport compound, an electron transport compound, or a combination thereof.
The hole transport compound may include at least one π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group, and may not include an electron transport moiety.
The electron transport compound may include at least one π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group and at least one electron transport moiety.
The electron transport moiety may include a cyano group, a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group, a group represented by one of the following formulae, or a combination thereof:
*, *′, and *″ in the formulae above may each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
The term “π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group” as used herein refers to a group having a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and at least one *—N═*′ moiety. For example, the π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group may include an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an iso-benzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzoisoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azaindene group, an azaindole group, an azabenzofuran group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azafluorene group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzosilole group, or the like.
The term “π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group” as used herein refers to a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms without *—N═*′ moiety. For example, the π electron-rich C3-C60 cyclic group may include a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an iso-indole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, an acridine group, a dihydroacridine group, or the like.
The hole transport compound may be different from the electron transport compound.
According to one or more embodiments, the hole transport compound may include at least one carbazole group.
According to another embodiment, the electron transport compound may include at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C60 cyclic group (e.g., a triazine group, or the like).
The blue light-emitting unit of the substrate 101, which includes at least one of the organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1 as the first dopant and the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 3 as the second dopant, may have a maximum emission wavelength between about 430 nm and about 500 nm, for example, between about 445 nm and about 475 nm, and may emit a blue light having a FWHM (PL spectrum) of less than or equal to about 50 nm, for example, less than or equal to about 40 nm. In addition, by adjusting the composition ratio of the first dopant and the second dopant, the blue light-emitting unit of the substrate 101 may adjust the emission wavelength such that the second emission peak which may affect the color purity, is not absorbed by the QD, while improving the lifespan. In this manner, a display apparatus with improved lifespan without efficiency reduction may be provided.
The term “C1-C60 alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isoamyl group, a hexyl group, or the like. The term “C1-C60 alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C60 alkyl group.
The term “C1-C60 alkoxy group” used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA101 (wherein A101 is the C1-C60 alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof may include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an isopropyloxy group, or the like.
The term “C1-C60 alkylthio group” used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —SA101′ (wherein A101′ is the C1-C60 alkyl group).
The term “C2-C60 alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and non-limiting examples thereof may include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, a butenyl group, or the like. The term “C2-C60 alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C60 alkenyl group.
The term “C2-C60 alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and non-limiting examples thereof may include an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, or the like. The term “C2-C60 alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C60 alkynyl group.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof may include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, or the like. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkyl group.
The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from B, N, O, P, Si, Ge, Se, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms as ring-forming atom(s), and non-limiting examples thereof may include a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydrothiophenyl group, or the like. The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof may include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, or the like.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group.
The term “C2-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one hetero atom selected from B, N, O, P, Si, Ge, Se, and S as a ring-forming atom, 2 to 10 carbon atoms as ring-forming atom(s), and at least one double bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group may include a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group, or the like. The term “C2-C10 heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group.
The term “C6-C60 aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “C6-C60 arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C6-C60 aryl group may include a benzene group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, or the like. When the C6-C60 aryl group and the C6-C60 arylene group each include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused to each other.
The term “C7-C60 alkyl aryl group” as used herein refers to a C6-C60 aryl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 alkyl group. The term “C7-C60 aryl alkyl group” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 alkyl group substituted with at least one C6-C60 aryl group.
The term “C1-C60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a cyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from B, N, O, P, Si, Ge, Se, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atom(s). The term “C1-C60 heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from B, N, O, P, Ge, Se, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atom(s). Non-limiting examples of the C1-C60 heteroaryl group may include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, or the like. When the C1-C60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused to each other.
The term “C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 heteroaryl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 alkyl group. The term “C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 alkyl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 heteroaryl group.
The term “C6-C60 aryloxy group” as used herein indicates-OA102 (wherein A102 is the C6-C60 aryl group), and the term “C6-C60 arylthio group” as used herein indicates-SA103 (wherein A103 is the C6-C60 aryl group).
The term “C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group” as used herein indicates-OA104 (wherein A104 is a C1-C60 heteroaryl group), and the term “C1-C60 heteroarylthio group” as used herein indicates-SA105 (wherein A105 is the C1-C60 heteroaryl group).
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Non-limiting examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group may include a fluorenyl group or the like. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group described above.
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 2 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed with each other, a heteroatom selected from B, N, O, P, Si, Ge, Se, and S, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Non-limiting examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may include a carbazolyl group or the like. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group described above.
The term “C5-C30 carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, 5 to 30 carbon atoms only. The C5-C30 carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.
The term “C1-C30 heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selected from B, N, O, Si, P, Ge, Se, and S other than 1 to 30 carbon atoms as ring-forming atom(s). The C1-C30 heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.
At least one substituent of the substituted C5-C30 carbocyclic group, the substituted C1-C30 heterocyclic group, the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C1-C60 hetero arylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be:
deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, or a C1-C60 alkylthio group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, or a C1-C60 alkylthio group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —Ge(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —C(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q14)(Q15), —B(Q16)(Q17), —C(═O)(Q11), —S(═O)(Q11), —S(═O)2(Q11), —P(Q18)(Q19), —P(═O)(Q18)(Q19), —P(═S)(Q18)(Q19), or a combination thereof;
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C1-C60 alkylthio group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —Ge(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —C(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q24)(Q25), —B(Q26)(Q27), —C(═O)(Q21), —S(═O)(Q21), —S(═O)2(Q21), —P(Q28)(Q29), —P(═O)(Q28)(Q29), —P(═S)(Q28)(Q29), or a combination thereof; or
—Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —Ge(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —C(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q34)(Q35), —B(Q36)(Q37), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), —P(Q38)(Q39), —P(═O)(Q38)(Q39), or —P(═S)(Q38)(Q39), and
Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
Hereinafter, exemplary compounds and organic light-emitting devices according to embodiments are described in further detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples. However, the compounds and the organic light-emitting devices are not limited thereto. The wording “‘B’ was used instead of ‘A’” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of ‘A’ used was identical to an amount of ‘B’ used, in terms of a molar equivalent.
An ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 millimeters (mm)×50 mm×0.5 mm and then, sonicated in acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and deionized (DI) water, each for 15 minutes, and then, washed by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light ozone for 30 minutes each.
Then, HAT-CN was deposited on the ITO electrode (anode) on the glass substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 angstroms (Å), N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (NPB) was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 500 Å, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA) was deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 50 Å, and 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) was deposited on the second hole transport layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of 50 Å.
A compound host (host), D1 (first dopant), and D2 (second dopant) were co-deposited on the electron blocking layer at a weight ratio of 89.5:10:0.5 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å.
An OLED was manufactured by depositing 2,8-bis (diphenylphosphino oxide) dibenzofuran (DBFPO) on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 100 Å, co-depositing DBFPO and lithium quinolate (LiQ) at a weight ratio of 5:5 to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, depositing LiQ on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and then depositing Al having a thickness of 1000 Å on the electron injection layer to form a cathode.
A blue light-emitting OLED was manufactured in a similar manner as used in Example 1, except that the weight ratio among the host, the first dopant, and the second dopant was changed to 87:10:3.
Changes in the emission spectrum were measured by adjusting the weight ratios of the host, the first dopant, and the second dopant of the emission layer of the OLED. The OLED was fabricated by a similar method as in Example 1, except for the weight ratios of the host, the first dopant, and the second dopant of the emission layer of the OLED.
The components, composition ratios, and PL transient decay lifetime (milliseconds, ms), and efficiency (candela per Ampere, cd/A) of the emission layers of the OLEDs of Experimental Examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 1 below. In Table 1, H represents the host component, and T/To represents a ratio of the PL transient decay lifetime (τ) of the OLED of each Example to the PL transient decay lifetime (τ0), and efficiency of the OLED of Experimental Example 4 where only the first dopant is included as a light-emitting material.
T/T
In addition, the emission spectra of the OLEDs of Experimental Examples 1 to 4 are shown in
A chloroform dispersion of InP/ZnSe/ZnS QD was mixed with a binder (quaternary copolymer of methacrylic acid, benzyl methacrylate, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, and styrene, acid value: 130 mg KOH/g, molecular weight: 8,000 grams per mole) solution (having a concentration of 30 wt % of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA)) to prepare a QD-binder dispersion. The QD-binder dispersion was mixed with a photopolymerizable monomer (hexaacrylate, glycol di-3-mercaptopropionate), an initiator (oxime ester compound), a light dispersing agent (TiO2), and PGMEA to prepare a photosensitive composition. The photosensitive composition was spin-coated on a glass substrate to obtain a film of QD-polymer complex through baking.
The emission spectrum, color coordinates, current efficiency, and lifespan were measured by using a current-voltmeter (Keithley 2400) and a spectrometer (SR-3AR, Topcon). The device lifespan was obtained by measuring the amount of time that elapsed until luminance was reduced to 95% of the initial luminance of 100%, and the results were expressed as a relative value.
A time-resolved photoluminescence measuring equipment (FluoTime 300, Picoquant) was used to measure the PL transient decay lifetime.
A spectrophotometer (Cary5000, Agilent) was used to conduct an UV spectroscopic analysis and obtain an UV-VIS absorption spectrum.
Calculation of overlap between the emission spectrum and the absorption spectrum: the spectral overlap integral J between the OLED emission spectrum and the QD absorption spectrum was calculated by using Equation 1:
J≡∫ε
A(λ)I(λ)λ4dλ Equation 1
wherein,
| represents wavelength,
eA represents extinction coefficient according to a wavelength of QD, and
I represents emission intensity according to a wavelength of OLED.
The emission spectrum of each of the blue light-emitting OLEDs of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was deconvoluted with a Gaussian peak to obtain the first emission peak and the second emission peak, each of which are shown in
The absorption spectrum of the green QD film manufactured in Experimental Example 5 was measured and shown in
With reference to Table 2, the blue light-emitting OLED of Example 1 appears to have a greater ratio between the second emission peak and the first emission peak and a shorter PL transient decay lifetime, compared to the blue light-emitting OLED of Comparative Example 1. Moreover, the overlap ratio of the emission spectrum of the blue light-emitting OLED and the emission spectrum of the green QD film is similar to the overlap ratio of Comparative Example 1, and the efficiency of the blue OLED of Example 1 is similar to the efficiency of the blue light-emitting OLED of Comparative Example 1. However, the lifespan of the blue light-emitting OLED of Example 1 shows a noticeable improvement over that of Comparative Example 1. The display apparatus according to the embodiments described above may be applied to various electronic devices. For example, the display apparatus may be usefully applied to small-sized electronic devices such as portable devices and wearable devices, and medium- to large-sized electronic devices such as home appliances.
According to the one or more embodiments above, by applying a hyperfluorescence system to a light source OLED and adjusting a composition of an emission layer to improve light absorption by a color control portion to a QD color control element, a high-efficiency display apparatus may be implemented.
It should be understood that exemplary embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each exemplary embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more exemplary embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2022-0097579 | Aug 2022 | KR | national |
