Patent Application
20210225958
This application claims priority from and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0006753, filed on Jan. 17, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
Exemplary embodiments/implementations of the invention relate generally to a display device and an electronic apparatus including the same.
Recently, the usage of display devices has diversified. In addition, as display devices have become thinner and lighter, their range of use has gradually been extended.
As the area occupied by a display area in display devices expands, various functions that are combined or associated with display devices have been added. In order to add various functions while expanding the area, research is being carried out on display devices having a region for adding various functions other than the display of images inside a display area.
To add various functions to a display device, a component such as a camera or a sensor may be arranged. To arrange a component while securing a display area having a larger area, a component may be arranged to overlap a display area.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for understanding of the background of the inventive concepts, and, therefore, it may contain information that does not constitute prior art.
As one of methods of arranging a component, though a display device may include a transmission area through which a wavelength such as light or sound may pass, in the case where the transmission area is provided, a resolution may be reduced.
Exemplary embodiments provide a display device and an electronic apparatus configured to prevent or minimize resolution reduction and secure a wide area of a display area, and in which a component such as a sensor or a camera may be arranged. However, it should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for limitation of the disclosure.
Additional features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the inventive concepts.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention provides a display device including a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, the display area including a first display area and a second display area, includes a substrate, and a plurality of pixels arranged over the substrate and including first pixels and second pixels, the first pixels defining the first display area, and the second pixels defining the second display area, wherein the first pixels include a repeating arrangement structure of first pixel units each including a plurality of pixels having different colors, and the second pixels include repeating arrangement structure of second pixel units each including a greater number of pixels than the number of pixels included in each of the first pixel units.
The second display area may include a transmission area between the second pixel units that are repeatedly arranged.
A first distance between pixels of the same color that neighbor each other among the first pixels may be greater than a second distance between pixels of the same color that neighbor each other among the second pixels.
A third distance between pixels of different colors that neighbor each other among the first pixels may be equal to or greater than a fourth distance between pixels of different colors that neighbor each other among the second pixels.
A size or a shape of the first pixels may be different from a size or a shape of the second pixels.
A pixel of a different color may be arranged between pixels of the same color that neighbor each other among the first pixels.
The second pixel units each may include at least two pixels of the same color.
The display device may further include a plurality of light-emitting diodes respectively corresponding to the first pixels and the second pixels, wherein each of the plurality of light-emitting diodes may have a stacked structure of a pixel electrode, an emission layer, and an opposite electrode.
A first separation distance between pixel electrodes respectively corresponding to pixels having the same color that neighbor each other among the first pixels may be greater than a second separation distance between pixel electrodes respectively corresponding to pixels having the same color that neighbor each other among the second pixels.
The emission layers respectively corresponding to pixels of the same color that neighbor each other among the second pixels may be formed as a single body.
The opposite electrodes respectively corresponding to the first pixels and the second pixels may be formed as a single body and include a hole corresponding to the transmission area.
The display device may further include a bottom metal layer arranged between the substrate and the plurality of pixels and located in the second display area.
Another exemplary embodiment of the invention provides an electronic apparatus including a display device having a first display area and a second display area, and a component overlapping a transmission area of the second display area. The display device includes a plurality of pixels including first pixels and second pixels, the first pixels defining the first display area, and the second pixels defining the second display area, wherein the first pixels include a repeating arrangement structure of first pixel units each including a plurality of pixels having different colors, the second pixels include a repeating arrangement structure of second pixel units each including a greater number of pixels than the number of pixels included in each of the first pixel units, and the transmission area provided between the second pixel units that are repeatedly arranged.
A first distance between pixels of the same color that neighbor each other among the first pixels may be greater than a second distance between pixels of the same color that neighbor each other among the second pixels.
A third distance between pixels of different colors that neighbor each other among the first pixels may be equal to or greater than a fourth distance between pixels of different colors that neighbor each other among the second pixels.
A size or a shape of the first pixels may be different from a size or a shape of the second pixels.
The electronic apparatus may further include a plurality of light-emitting diodes respectively corresponding to the first pixels and the second pixels, and a plurality of thin film transistors respectively connected to the plurality of light-emitting diodes, wherein each of the plurality of light-emitting diodes may have a stacked structure of a pixel electrode, an emission layer, and an opposite electrode.
The electronic apparatus may further include a bottom metal layer arranged below thin film transistors located in the second display area among the plurality of thin film transistors.
A first separation distance between pixel electrodes respectively corresponding to pixels of the same color that neighbor each other among the first pixels may be greater than a second separation distance between pixel electrodes respectively corresponding to pixels of the same color that neighbor each other among the second pixels.
The emission layers respectively corresponding to pixels of the same color that neighbor each other among the second pixels may be formed as a single body.
The single body of the emission layers may cover a top surface of a pixel-defining layer covering edges of pixel electrodes respectively corresponding to pixels of the same color that neighbor each other among the second pixels.
A pixel of a different color may be located between pixels of the same color that neighbor each other among the first pixels.
The first pixel units each may include at least one first red pixel, at least one first green pixel, and at least one first blue pixel, the second pixel units each may include at least one second red pixel, at least one second green pixel, and at least one second blue pixel, and
The sum of the number of that at least one second red pixel, the number of the at least one second green pixel, and the number of the at least one second blue pixel may be twice or more of the sum of the number of the at least one first red pixel, the number of the at least one first green pixel, and the number of the at least one first blue pixel.
The component may include a sensor or a camera.
These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, the accompanying drawings, and claims.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the inventive concepts.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Throughout the disclosure, the expression “at least one of a, b or c” indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.
In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various exemplary embodiments or implementations of the invention. As used herein “embodiments” and “implementations” are interchangeable words that are non-limiting examples of devices or methods employing one or more of the inventive concepts disclosed herein. It is apparent, however, that various exemplary embodiments may be practiced without these specific details or with one or more equivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring various exemplary embodiments. Further, various exemplary embodiments may be different, but do not have to be exclusive. For example, specific shapes, configurations, and characteristics of an exemplary embodiment may be used or implemented in another exemplary embodiment without departing from the inventive concepts.
Unless otherwise specified, the illustrated exemplary embodiments are to be understood as providing exemplary features of varying detail of some ways in which the inventive concepts may be implemented in practice. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the features, components, modules, layers, films, panels, regions, and/or aspects, etc. (hereinafter individually or collectively referred to as “elements”), of the various embodiments may be otherwise combined, separated, interchanged, and/or rearranged without departing from the inventive concepts.
The use of cross-hatching and/or shading in the accompanying drawings is generally provided to clarify boundaries between adjacent elements. As such, neither the presence nor the absence of cross-hatching or shading conveys or indicates any preference or requirement for particular materials, material properties, dimensions, proportions, commonalities between illustrated elements, and/or any other characteristic, attribute, property, etc., of the elements, unless specified. Further, in the accompanying drawings, the size and relative sizes of elements may be exaggerated for clarity and/or descriptive purposes. When an exemplary embodiment may be implemented differently, a specific process order may be performed differently from the described order. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially at the same time or performed in an order opposite to the described order. Also, like reference numerals denote like elements.
When an element, such as a layer, is referred to as being “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present. When, however, an element or layer is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. To this end, the term “connected” may refer to physical, electrical, and/or fluid connection, with or without intervening elements. Further, the D1-axis, the D2-axis, and the D3-axis are not limited to three axes of a rectangular coordinate system, such as the x, y, and z-axes, and may be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the D1-axis, the D2-axis, and the D3-axis may be perpendicular to one another, or may represent different directions that are not perpendicular to one another. For the purposes of this disclosure, “at least one of X, Y, and Z” and “at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z” may be construed as X only, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z, such as, for instance, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Although the terms “first,” “second,” etc. may be used herein to describe various types of elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the disclosure.
Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “under,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” “over,” “higher,” “side” (e.g., as in “sidewall”), and the like, may be used herein for descriptive purposes, and, thereby, to describe one elements relationship to another element(s) as illustrated in the drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of an apparatus in use, operation, and/or manufacture in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the apparatus in the drawings is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. Furthermore, the apparatus may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and, as such, the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms, “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Moreover, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and/or “including,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It is also noted that, as used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and other similar terms, are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and, as such, are utilized to account for inherent deviations in measured, calculated, and/or provided values that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.
Various exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to sectional and/or exploded illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized exemplary embodiments and/or intermediate structures. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein should not necessarily be construed as limited to the particular illustrated shapes of regions, but are to include deviations in shapes that result from, for instance, manufacturing. In this manner, regions illustrated in the drawings may be schematic in nature and the shapes of these regions may not reflect actual shapes of regions of a device and, as such, are not necessarily intended to be limiting.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure is a part. Terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein.
Referring to
The electronic apparatus 1 may provide a first image by using light emitted from the first pixels P1 arranged in the first display area DA1, and provide a second image by using light emitted from the second pixels P2 arranged in the second display area DA2. In an embodiment, the first image and the second image may include portions of one of images displayed by the display area DA of the electronic apparatus 1. In an embodiment, the electronic apparatus 1 may provide the first image and the second image independent of each other.
The second display area DA2 may include a transmission area TA located between the second pixels P2. The transmission area TA includes a region through which light may pass and in which a pixel is not arranged.
The non-display area NDA includes a region that does not display an image and may entirely surround the display area DA. A driver, etc. may be arranged in the non-display area NDA, the driver providing an electric signal or power to the first pixels P1 and the second pixels P2. The non-display area NDA may include a pad to which an electronic element or a printed circuit board, etc. may be electrically connected.
As illustrated in
The second display area DA2 may be arranged inside the first display area DA1 (see
A ratio of the second display area DA2 to the display area DA may be less than a ratio of the first display area DA1 to the display area DA. As illustrated in
The electronic apparatus 1 may include mobile phones, tablet personal computers (PC), notebook computers, and smartwatches or smartbands worn on a wrist.
Referring to
The display device 10 may include a substrate 100, a display layer 200, a thin-film encapsulation layer 300, a touch input layer 40, and an optical functional layer such as an optical plate 50A (see
The substrate 100 may include glass or a polymer resin. For example, the polymer resin of the substrate 100 may include polyethersulfone, polyacrylate, polyetherimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate, and cellulose acetate propionate. The substrate 21 including the polymer resin may be flexible, rollable, or bendable. The substrate 21 may have a multi-layered structure including a layer including the polymer resin and an inorganic layer (not illustrated).
The display layer 200 may be arranged on a front surface of the substrate 100, and a bottom protective film 175 may be arranged on a rear surface of the substrate 100. The bottom protective film 175 may be attached on the rear surface of the substrate 100. An adhesive layer (not illustrated) may be arranged between the bottom protective film 175 and the substrate 100. Alternatively, the bottom protective film 175 may be directly formed on the rear surface of the substrate 100. In such case, the adhesive layer may not be arranged between the bottom protective film 175 and the substrate 100.
The bottom protective film 175 may support and protect the substrate 100. The bottom protective film 175 may include an opening 1750P overlapping the second display area DA2. Because the bottom protective film 175 includes the opening 1750P, a transmittance of the second display area DA2, for example, a light transmittance of the transmission area TA may be improved. The bottom protective film 175 may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyimide (PI).
The display layer 200 may include a circuit layer, a display element layer, and an insulating layer IL, the circuit layer including a thin film transistor TFT, and the display element layer including an organic light-emitting diode OLED, which is a display element. A thin film transistor TFT and an organic light-emitting diode OLED may be arranged in each of the first display area DA1 and the second display area DA2, the organic light-emitting diode OLED being electrically connected to the thin film transistor TFT. The second display area DA2 may include the transmission area TA in which the thin film transistor TFT and the organic light-emitting diode OLED are not arranged.
The transmission area TA includes a region through which light emitted from the component 20 and/or directed to the component 20 may pass. In the display device 10, a transmittance of the transmission area TA may be 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more. The transmission area TA may lay between two thin film transistor TFT structures.
The display layer 200 may be covered by the thin-film encapsulation layer 300 or covered by an encapsulation substrate 300B.
In an embodiment, as illustrated in
In an embodiment, as illustrated in
The touch input layer 40 may obtain an external input, for example, and coordinate information corresponding to a touch event. The touch input layer 40 may include a touch electrode and trace lines, the trace lines being connected to the touch electrode. The touch input layer 40 may sense an external input by using a mutual capacitive method or a self-capacitive method.
The touch input layer 40 may be formed on the thin-film encapsulation layer 300. Alternatively, the touch input layer 40 may be formed separately and then coupled on the thin-film encapsulation layer 300 through an adhesive layer such as an optical clear adhesive OCA. In an embodiment, as illustrated in
The optical function layer (optical plate 50A or filter plate 50B) may include a reflection prevention layer. The reflection prevention layer may reduce reflectivity of light (external light) incident toward the display device 10 from the outside.
In an embodiment, as illustrated in
In an embodiment, as illustrated in
The color filters 520 may be arranged by taking into account colors of light emitted from pixels of the display device 10. For example, the color filter 520 may have red, green, or blue color depending on the color of light emitted from an organic light-emitting diode OLED. There is no color filter 520 and no black matrix 530 in the transmission area TA. For example, a layer including the color filter 520 and the black matrix 530 may include a hole 5300P corresponding to the transmission area TA. The hole 5300P may be positioned between two thin film transistors TFT in a plan view. The hole 5300P may be positioned between two organic light-emitting diodes OLEDs in a plan view. The hole 5300P may be at least partially filled with a portion of the overcoat layer 540. The overcoat layer 540 may include an organic material such as a resin. The organic material may be transparent. A structure of the filter plate 50B is applicable to the display device 10 including the encapsulation substrate 300B illustrated in
In an embodiment, the reflection prevention layer may include a destructive interference structure. The destructive interference structure may include a first reflective layer and a second reflective layer arranged on different layers. First-reflected light and second-reflected light respectively reflected by the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer may be destructively interfered and thus reflectivity of external light may be reduced.
The component 20 may be located in the second display area DA2. The component 20 may include an electronic element that uses light or sound. For example, the electronic element may include a sensor measuring a distance such as a proximity sensor, a sensor recognizing a portion (e.g. a fingerprint, an iris, a face, etc.) of a user's body, a small lamp outputting light, or an image sensor (e.g. a camera) capturing an image. The electronic element that uses light may use light in various wavelength bands such as visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light. The electronic element that uses sound may use an ultrasonic wave or sound in other frequency bands.
In an embodiment, the component 20 may include sub-components such as a light emitter and a light receiver. The light emitter and the light receiver may have an integrated structure, or a pair of light emitter and light receiver that have physically separated structures may constitute one component 20.
One component 20 may be arranged in the second display area DA2 or a plurality of components 20 may be arranged in the second display area DA2. In the case where the electronic apparatus 1 includes a plurality of components 20, the electronic apparatus 1 may include the number of second display areas DA2 corresponding to the number of components 20. For example, the electronic apparatus 1 may include a plurality of second display areas DA2 described with reference to
Though it is illustrated in
Referring to
The display area DA may include the first display area DA1 and the second display area DA2. An area of the first display area DA1 may be different from an area of the second display area DA2. The area of the first display area DA1 may be greater than the area of the second display area DA2.
The first pixels P1 may be two-dimensionally arranged in the first display area DA1 and the second pixels P2 may be two-dimensionally arranged in the second display area DA2. The transmission area TA is arranged in the second display area DA2. The transmission area TA may be arranged between second pixels P2 that are close to each other.
The non-display area NDA may entirely surround the display area DA. A scan driver, a data driver, etc. may be arranged in the non-display area NDA. A pad 230 may be located in the non-display area NDA. The pad 230 may be adjacent one of edges of the substrate 100. The pad 230 may be exposed by not being covered by an insulating layer and be electrically connected to a flexible printed circuit board FPCB. The flexible printed circuit board FPCB may electrically connect a controller to the pad 230 and supply a signal or power transferred from the controller. In an embodiment, a data driver may be arranged on the flexible printed circuit board FPCB. To transfer a signal or voltage of the flexible printed circuit board FPCB to the first pixels P1 or the second pixels P2, the pad 230 may be connected to a plurality of wirings.
In another embodiment, instead of the flexible printed circuit board FPCB, an integrated circuit may be arranged on the pad 230. The integrated circuit may include, for example, a data driver and may be electrically connected to the pad 230 through an anisotropic conductive film including a conductive ball.
Each of the first pixel P1 and the second pixel P2 may emit light having a predetermined color by using the organic light-emitting diode OLED (see
Referring to
The second thin film transistor T2 is a switching thin film transistor, may be connected to a scan line SL and a data line DL, and may transfer a data voltage (or a data signal Dm) input from a data line DL to the first thin film transistor T1 based on a switching voltage (or a switching signal Sn) input from the scan line SL. A storage capacitor Cst may be connected to a second thin film transistor T2 and a driving voltage line PL and may store a voltage corresponding to a difference between a voltage transferred from the second thin film transistor T2 and a first power voltage ELVDD supplied to the driving voltage line PL.
The first thin film transistor T1 is a driving thin film transistor, may be connected to the driving voltage line PL and the storage capacitor Cst, and may control a driving current flowing through an organic light-emitting diode OLED from the driving voltage line PL in response to the voltage stored in the storage capacitor Cst. The organic light-emitting diode OLED may emit light having a predetermined brightness by using the driving current. An opposite electrode (e.g. a cathode) of the organic light-emitting diode OLED may receive a second power voltage ELVSS.
Though it is illustrated in
Referring to
Each of the first base layer 101 and the second base layer 103 may include a polymer resin. The polymer resin may include polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), polycarbonate, cellulose tri acetate (TAC), and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP). The polymer resin may be transparent.
Each of the first inorganic layer 102 and the second inorganic layer 104 includes a barrier layer preventing the penetration of external foreign substances and may include a single layer or a multi-layer including an inorganic material such as silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and/or silicon oxide.
A buffer layer 111 may reduce or block the penetration of foreign substances, moisture, or external air from below the substrate 100 and provide a flat surface on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 111 may include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, and silicon nitride and have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including the above materials.
The pixel circuit PC may be arranged on the buffer layer 111, the pixel circuit PC including the thin film transistor TFT and the storage capacitor Cst. The pixel circuit PC may be arranged in the first display area DA1 and the second display area DA2. The pixel circuit PC of the first display area DA1 may have the same structure as that of the pixel circuit PC of the second display area DA2. A bottom metal layer BML may be arranged between the pixel circuit PC and the substrate 100 that are arranged in the second display area DA2. In the second display area DA2, the bottom metal layer BML may prevent light from being diffracted through a narrow gap between wirings connected to the pixel circuit PC and may improve the performance of a thin film transistor TFT, the light being emitted from or directed to the component 20 described with reference to
The bottom metal layer BML may be electrically connected to a connection line CL. The connection line CL may be electrically connected to a line connected to the pixel circuit PC, the storage capacitor Cst, or the thin film transistor TFT. For example, the bottom metal layer BML may be electrically connected to a gate electrode, a source electrode, or a drain electrode of a thin film transistor TFT, or may be electrically connected to the driving voltage line PL (see
The thin film transistor TFT may include a semiconductor layer μl, a gate electrode G1, a source electrode S1, and a drain electrode D1, the gate electrode G1 overlapping a channel region of the semiconductor layer μl, and the source electrode S1 and the drain electrode D1 being respectively connected to a source region and a drain region of the semiconductor layer μl. A gate insulating layer 112 may be arranged between the semiconductor layer μl and the gate electrode G1. A first interlayer insulating layer 113 and a second interlayer insulating layer 115 may be arranged between the gate electrode G1 and the source electrode S1, or between the gate electrode G1 and the drain electrode D1.
The storage capacitor Cst may overlap the thin film transistor TFT. The storage capacitor Cst may include a first capacitor plate CE1 and a second capacitor plate CE2 overlapping each other. In an embodiment, the gate electrode G1 of the thin film transistor TFT may include the first capacitor plate CE1 of the storage capacitor Cst. The first interlayer insulating layer 113 may be arranged between the first capacitor plate CE1 and the second capacitor plate CE2.
The semiconductor layer μl may include polycrystalline silicon. In an embodiment, the semiconductor layer μl may include amorphous silicon. In an embodiment, the semiconductor layer μl may include an oxide of at least one of indium (In), gallium (Ga), stannum (Sn), zirconium (Zr), vanadium (V), hafnium (Hf), cadmium (Cd), germanium (Ge), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), and zinc (Zn). The semiconductor layer μl may include a channel region, a source region, and a drain region, the source region and the drain region being doped with impurities.
The gate insulating layer 112 may include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, and silicon nitride and have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including the above materials.
The gate electrode G1 or the first capacitor plate CE1 may include a low-resistance conductive material such as molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and/or titanium (Ti) and have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including the above materials.
The first interlayer insulating layer 113 may include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, and silicon nitride and have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including the above materials.
The second capacitor plate CE2 may include aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chrome (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), and/or copper (Cu) and have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including the above materials.
The second interlayer insulating layer 115 may include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, and silicon nitride and have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including the above materials.
The source electrode S1 or the drain electrode D1 includes aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chrome (Cr), calcium (Ca), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), and/or copper (Cu) and have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including the above materials. For example, the source electrode S1 or the drain electrode D1 may have a three-layered structure of a titanium layer/aluminum layer/titanium layer.
The pixel circuit PC may be electrically connected to a pixel electrode 221, the pixel circuit PC including the thin film transistor TFT and the storage capacitor Cst. In an embodiment, as illustrated in
The contact metal CM may be arranged on a first planarization layer 117 and connected to the pixel circuit PC through a contact hole formed in the first planarization layer 117. The contact metal CM may include aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chrome (Cr), calcium (Ca), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), and/or copper (Cu) and have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including the above materials.
The first planarization insulating layer 117 may include an organic insulating material. The first planarization insulating layer 117 may include an organic insulating material such as acryl, benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide, or hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). The organic insulating material of the first planarization insulating layer 117 may include a photosensitive organic insulating material.
A second planarization insulating layer 118 is arranged on the contact metal CM. The second planarization insulating layer 118 may include an organic insulating material. The second planarization insulating layer 118 may include an organic insulating material such as acryl, benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide, or hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). The organic insulating material of the second planarization insulating layer 118 may include a photosensitive organic insulating material.
The pixel electrode 221 may be arranged on the second planarization insulating layer 118. The pixel electrode 221 may be connected to the contact metal CM through a contact hole of the second planarization insulating layer 118.
The pixel electrode 221 may include a reflective layer including silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chrome (Cr), or a compound thereof. The pixel electrode 221 may include a reflective layer including the above material and a transparent conductive layer on and/or under the reflective layer. The transparent conductive layer may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In2O3), indium gallium oxide (IGO), or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). In an embodiment, the pixel electrode 221 may have a three-layered structure of an ITO layer/Ag layer/ITO layer that are sequentially stacked.
A pixel-defining layer 119 may be arranged on the pixel electrode 221. The pixel-defining layer 119 may cover the edges of the pixel electrode 221 and include an opening 1190P overlapping a central portion of the pixel electrode 221.
The pixel-defining layer 119 may include an organic insulating material such as polyimide, polyamide, an acrylic resin, a benzocyclobutene, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), and a phenolic resin.
An intermediate layer 222 includes an emission layer 222b overlapping the pixel electrode 221. The emission layer 222b may include an organic material. The emission layer 222b may include a polymer organic material or a low molecular weight organic material emitting light having a predetermined color.
A first function layer 222a and a second functional layer 222c may be respectively arranged under and on the emission layer 222b.
The first functional layer 222a may include a single layer or a multi-layer. For example, in the case where the first functional layer 222a includes a polymer material, the first functional layer 222a may include a hole transport layer (HTL), which has a single-layered structure, and include poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) or polyaniline (PANT). In the case where the first functional layer 222a includes a low molecular weight material, the first functional layer 222a may include a hole injection layer (HIL) and a hole transport layer (HTL).
The second functional layer 222c may be omitted. For example, in the case where the first functional layer 222a and the emission layer 222b include a polymer material, it may be preferable that the second functional layer 222c is formed. The second functional layer 222c may include a single layer or a multi-layer. The second functional layer 222c may include an electronic transport layer (ETL) and/or an electron injection layer (EIL).
Each of the first functional layer 222a and the second functional layer 222c may entirely cover the display area, for example, the first display area DA1 and the second display area DA2.
An opposite electrode 223 may include a conductive material having a relatively small work function. For example, the opposite electrode 223 may include a (semi) transparent layer including silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), or an alloy thereof. Alternatively, the opposite electrode 223 may further include a layer including ITO, IZO, ZnO, or In2O3 on the (semi) transparent layer including the above material. In an embodiment, the opposite electrode 223 may include silver (Ag) and magnesium (Mg).
A stacked structure of the pixel electrode 221, the intermediate layer 222, and the opposite electrode 223 that are sequentially stacked may constitute a light-emitting diode, for example, an organic light-emitting diode OLED. The organic light-emitting diode OLED may emit red, green, or blue light. An emission area of each organic light-emitting diode OLED corresponds to a pixel. For example, the first pixel P1 corresponds to an emission area of an organic light-emitting diode OLED arranged in the first display area DA1, and the second pixel P2 corresponds to an emission area of an organic light-emitting diode OLED arranged in the second display area DA2. Because the opening 1190P of the pixel-defining layer 119 defines a size and/or a width of an emission area, sizes and/or widths of the first pixel P1 and the second pixel P2 may depend on the opening 1190P of the pixel-defining layer 119 corresponding thereto.
The organic light-emitting diode OLED may be covered by the thin-film encapsulation layer 300. The thin-film encapsulation layer 300 may include the first and second inorganic encapsulation layers 310 and 330 and the organic encapsulation layer 320 therebetween.
The first and second inorganic encapsulation layers 310 and 330 may include one or more inorganic insulating materials. The inorganic insulating material may include aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or silicon oxynitride. The first and second inorganic encapsulation layers 310 and 330 may be formed by chemical vapor deposition.
The organic encapsulation layer 320 may include a polymer-based material. The polymer-based material may include an acryl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, polyimide, and polyethylene. For example, the organic encapsulation layer 320 may include an acrylic resin, for example, polymethylmethacrylate, poly acrylic acid, etc. The organic encapsulation layer 320 may be formed by hardening a monomer or coating a polymer.
Referring to the transmission area TA of
The first functional layer 222a and the second functional layer 222c may cover the transmission area TA. In contrast, the opposite electrode 223 may include a hole 223H formed in the transmission area TA to improve a transmittance of the transmission area TA.
The substrate 100 may include a glass material and the encapsulation substrate 300B may include a glass material. Each of the substrate 100 and the encapsulation substrate 300B may include a glass substrate. An inner space IS may be defined between the substrate 100 and the encapsulation substrate 300B. There may be an air layer in the inner space IS. Alternatively, there may be a transparent material layer in the inner space IS. The transparent material layer may include a transparent material having a refractive index similar to refractive indexes of the substrate 100 and the encapsulation substrate 300B. The transparent material may include a liquid transparent material. The transparent material may include epoxy, urethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate or a silicon-based resin (e.g. bisphenol A type epoxy, a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, a phenyl silicone resin or rubber, an acrylic epoxy resin, aliphatic urethane acrylate, etc.). Alternatively, for the transparent material, silicon or silicon oils with no phase change in the temperature range of about −40° C. to about 100° C. and a volume change rate within about 5% may be used, the silicon or silicon oils including hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, dodecamethylpentasiloxane, and polydimethylsiloxanes.
Referring to
An array of the first pixels P1 arranged in the first display area DA1 may include an arrangement structure of first pixel units U1. For example, the first pixel unit U1 corresponds to a minimal repeating unit. The minimal repeating unit is a repeating unit having a smallest number of pixels. For example, as illustrated in
Referring to
An array of the second pixels P2 arranged in the second display area DA2 may include an arrangement structure of a plurality of second pixel units U2. For example, the second pixel unit U2 corresponds to a minimal repeating unit. The minimal repeating unit is a repeating unit having a smallest number of pixels. For example, as illustrated in
The second display area DA2 may include the transmission area TA between the second pixel units U2. The transmission area TA corresponds to a region in which a pixel is not arranged, that is, a region in which a second pixel unit(s) U2 is not arranged.
The number of pixels included in the second pixel unit U2 may be greater than the number of pixels included in the first pixel unit U1. In an embodiment, the number of pixels included in the second pixel unit U2 may be twice or more than the number of pixels included in the first pixel unit U1. For example, as illustrated in
Pixels emitting light having the same color among the second pixels P2 included in the second pixel unit U2, for example, the second red pixel Pr2, the second green pixel Pg2, and the third blue pixel Pb2 may be arranged to neighbor each other. In the present specification, when pixels are referred to as being arranged to neighbor each other, they may be arranged close to each other, of varying distances. In the present specification, pixels may be separated from each other by various distances. As illustrated in
A distance between neighboring pixels having the same color in the second display area DA2 may be less than a distance between neighboring pixels having the same color in the first display area DA1. For example, as illustrated in
The first distance d1 may correspond to a distance between same color pixels of adjacent two pixel units, such as illustrated in
A distance between pixels having different colors in the second display area DA2 may be equal to or less than pixels having different colors in the first display area DA1. For example, as illustrated in
Similarly, a sixth distance d6 between a second red pixel Pr2 and a second blue pixel Pb2 in the second display area DA2 may be less than a fifth distance d5 between a first red pixel Pr1 and a first blue pixel Pb1 in the first display area DA1. Alternatively, the sixth distance d6 may be equal to the fifth distance d5.
A size or a shape of the first pixel P1 may be different from a size or a shape of the second pixel P2. In an embodiment, it is illustrated that a size of the first pixel P1, for example, sizes of the first red pixel Pr1, the first green pixel Pg1, and the first blue pixel Pb1 are different from respective sizes of the second red pixel Pr2, the second green pixel Pg2, and the second blue pixel Pb2. For example, as illustrated in
Referring to
A pixel may correspond to an emission area of light emitted from the organic light-emitting diode OLED. As illustrated in
The first distance d1 between first red pixels Pr1 neighboring each other in the first display area DA1 of
A third distance d3 between the first red pixel Pr1 and the first green pixel Pg1 neighboring each other in the first display area DA1 of
A pixel having a different color may be arranged between pixels having the same color and neighboring each other in the first display area DA1. For example, as illustrated in
For example, as illustrated in
Unlike the red emission layer 222br, the green emission layer 222bg, and the blue emission layer 222bb each corresponding to one pixel, the opposite electrode 223 may be formed as one body to cover a plurality of pixels.
Alternatively, a pixel having a different color may not be arranged between pixels having the same color neighboring each other in the second display area DA2. Referring to
For example, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
The hole 223H of the opposite electrode 223 may be formed as follows. The hole 223H of the opposite electrode 223 may be formed by forming the opposite electrode 223 to entirely cover the first display area DA1 and the second display area DA2, and then removing a region corresponding to the hole 223H. The region corresponding to the hole 223H may be removed by using a laser, etc. Alternatively, the opposite electrode 223 may be deposited by using a mask including a shield portion arranged in the region corresponding to the hole 223H. Because a region of the mask that is around the shield portion is an opening, the opposite electrode 223 may be deposited in the first display area DA1 and a portion of the second display area DA2 while a deposition material passes through the opening of the mask. Because the transmission area TA is shielded by the shield portion during a deposition process, the hole 223 may be formed in the transmission area TA.
During the deposition process, an issue may occur in which the deposition material is accumulated in a region of an object (e.g. the substrate ranging from the buffer layer to the intermediate layer) on which the deposition material is deposited, by a shadow phenomenon, the region corresponding to the shield portion of the mask. The above issue may be related to a transmittance of the transmission area TA and an area of the transmission area TA. Because the second display area DA2 includes the transmission area TA, the holes 223H of the opposite electrodes 223 should be arranged between pixels. As the number of holes 223H increases, the shadow phenomenon may occur more. A small number of pixels may be arranged in the second display area DA2 to secure a sufficient transmission area TA while taking into account the shadow phenomenon. In this case, the resolution of the second display area DA2 may be reduced.
However, according to the embodiments, as described above with reference to
Referring to
Referring to
Pixels emitting the same color among the second pixels included in the second pixel unit U2, for example, the second red pixels Pr2, the second green pixels Pg2, and the second blue pixels Pb2 may neighbor each other. As illustrated in
A distance between pixels having the same color and neighboring each other in the second display area DA2 may be less than a distance between pixels having the same color and neighboring each other in the first display area DA1. For example, as illustrated in
A distance between pixels having different colors and neighboring each other in the second display area DA2 may be equal to or less than a distance between pixels having different colors and neighboring each other in the first display area DA1. For example, as illustrated in
Similarly, a sixth distance d6′ between a second red pixel Pr2 and a second blue pixel Pg2 neighboring each other in the second display area DA may be less than a fifth distance d5′ between a first red pixel Pr1 and a first blue pixel Pb1 neighboring each other in the first display area DA1. Alternatively, the sixth distance d6′ may be equal to the fifth distance d5′.
Referring to
Referring to
Pixels emitting light of the same color among the second pixels P2 included the second pixel unit U2, for example, the second red pixels Pr2, the second green pixels Pg2, and the second blue pixels Pb2 may be arranged to neighbor each other. As illustrated in
A distance between pixels having the same color and neighboring each other in the second display area DA2 may be less than a distance between pixels having the same color and neighboring each other in the first display area DA1. For example, as illustrated in
A distance between pixels having different colors and neighboring each other in the second display area DA2 may be equal to or less than a distance between pixels having different colors and neighboring each other in the first display area DA1. For example, as shown in
Similarly, a sixth distance d6″ between a second green pixel Pg2 and a second blue pixel Pb2 neighboring each other in the second display area DA2 may be less than a fifth distance d5″ between a first green pixel Pg1 and a first blue pixel Pb1 neighboring each other in the first display area DA1. Alternatively, the sixth distance d6″ may be equal to the fifth distance d5″.
The second display area DA2 may include the transmission area TA, and some of the transmission areas TA may neighbor each other in the x-direction and the y-direction. Other transmission areas TA may neighbor each other and be arranged in a direction oblique with respect to the x-direction and the y-direction. The arrangement of the transmission area TA is equally applicable to the second display area DA2 described with reference to
Embodiments may provide a display device and an electronic apparatus in which a component such as a sensor or a camera may be arranged while securing a wide area of a display area displaying an image. Embodiments may also provide a display device and an electronic apparatus that may prevent resolution reduction while securing a sufficient transmission area for the component. These effects are provided as examples and the scope of the inventive concepts is not limited by these effects.
It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2020-0006753 | Jan 2020 | KR | national |
