The present application is generally related to displaying profiles of terrain along projected flight paths of aircraft.
Usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is becoming much more common UAVs are used by many organizations, such as the military, law enforcement, and the like, and by individuals, such as UAV enthusiasts. Unlike pilots of manned aircraft, controllers of UAVs are not located inside of the aircraft that is being controlled. Controller inputs can be transmitted to UAVs in flight to control the direction of the UAV. However, a controller may not have the same awareness about the UAV and its surroundings as a pilot located in an aircraft may have. Controllers of UAVs may benefit from information presented in a way that gives them greater awareness of the UAV and its surroundings.
Illustrative examples of the present disclosure include, without limitation, methods, structures, and systems. In one aspect, a method of displaying information about an air vehicle can include displaying a profile of terrain for a projected flight path of an aircraft; displaying a first line at a first attitude above the profile of terrain, where the first line substantially follows a contour of the profile of terrain; displaying a second line at a second attitude above the profile of terrain, where the second line substantially follows the contour of the profile of terrain; displaying an icon representing an altitude of the aircraft with respect to the profile of terrain; and displaying a third line representing a command altitude for the projected flight path, the third line projecting from the icon.
In one example, the first line can represent a minimum altitude and wherein the second line represents a safety altitude. In another example, the method can also include displaying a numerical command altitude indicator near the third line, where the numerical command indicator indicates the command altitude for the projected flight path. In another example, the method can include displaying a numerical altitude indicator near the first line, where the numerical altitude indicator indicating an altitude of the first line at a point along the projected flight path. In another example, the method can include displaying a fourth line representing an overall minimum altitude of the aircraft.
In another example, the method can also include receiving an input indicative of a movement of the third line in the display; changing the location of the third line in the display based on the input; and controlling a command altitude of the aircraft based on the input. In another example, the command line can include one or more waypoints and the method can also include receiving an input indicative of a movement of at least one of the one or more waypoints in the display, changing the location of the one or more waypoints in the display based on the input, and controlling a command altitude of the aircraft based on the input.
Other features of the methods, structures, and systems are described below. The features, functions, and advantages can be achieved independently in various examples or may be combined in yet other examples, further details of which can be seen with reference to the following description and drawings.
Throughout the drawings, reference numbers may be re-used to indicate correspondence between referenced elements. The drawings are provided to illustrate examples described herein and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Examples in this disclosure may be described in the context of aircraft manufacturing and service method 100 as shown in
During production, component and subassembly manufacturing 106 and system integration 108 of aircraft 200 takes place. Thereafter, aircraft 200 may go through certification and delivery 110 in order to be placed in service 112. While in service by a customer, aircraft 200 is scheduled for routine maintenance and service 114 (which may also include modification, reconfiguration, refurbishment, and so on).
Each of the processes of aircraft manufacturing and service method 100 may be performed or carried out by a system integrator, a third party, and/or an operator (e.g., a customer). For the purposes of this description, a system integrator may include, without limitation, any number of aircraft manufacturers and major-system subcontractors; a third party may include, for example, without limitation, any number of venders, subcontractors, and suppliers; and an operator may be an airline, leasing company, military entity, service organization, and so on.
As shown in
Apparatus and methods embodied herein may be employed during any one or more of the stages of aircraft manufacturing and service method 100. For example, without limitation, components or subassemblies corresponding to component and subassembly manufacturing 106 may be fabricated or manufactured in a manner similar to components or subassemblies produced while aircraft 200 is in service.
Implementations of this description may include other types of platforms as well, with
Turning to the flight planning system 302 in more detail, it may include one or more processors 310, which may have a particular type or architecture, chosen as appropriate for particular implementations. The processors 310 may couple to one or more bus systems 312 that are chosen for compatibility with the processors 310.
The flight planning systems 302 may include one or more instances of computer-readable storage media 314, which couple to the bus systems 312. The bus systems may enable the processors 310 to read code and/or data to/from the computer-readable storage media 314. The media 314 may represent storage elements implemented using any suitable technology, including but not limited to semiconductors, magnetic materials, optics, or the like. The media 314 may include memory components, whether classified as RAM, ROM, flash, or other types, and may also represent hard disk drives.
The media 314 may include one or more modules 316 of instructions that, when loaded into the processor 310 and executed, cause the server 304 to provide flight plan computation services for a variety of UAVs 318. These modules may implement the various algorithms and models described and illustrated herein.
The UAVs 318 may be of any convenient size and/or type as appropriate for different applications. In different scenarios, the UAVs may range from relatively small drones to relatively large transport aircraft. Accordingly, the graphical illustration of the UAV 318 as shown in
The flight plan services 316 may generate respective flight plan solutions 320 for the UAVs 318 based on inputs 322, with flight planning personnel 324 and/or one or more databases 326 providing inputs 322.
Assuming that the flight plan services 316 define one or more solutions 320, the flight planning system 302 may load the solutions into the UAVs 318, as represented by the arrow connecting blocks 302 and 318 in
One difficulty with controlling UAVs is that a controller of a UAV is located remotely from the UAV and may not have the same awareness as a pilot has inside of an aircraft. Among a number of issues, the controller of a UAV may not have the ability to appreciate terrain surrounding the UAV. If the controller of the UAV cannot see the geographic area surrounding the UAV, the controller may inadvertently command the UAV to enter a dangerous area and/or crash into terrain.
One way to address the difficult with terrain is to establish specific altitude zones for a UAV flight. For example, a minimum altitude for the flight can be established. The minimum altitude can be a distance from mean sea level (“MSL”) which is deemed to be the minimum desired operating altitude during the flight of the UAV. The minimum altitude can be based on the height of the highest expected terrain during the flight. The UAV may be below the minimum altitude during certain phases of a flight, such as takeoff, initial ascent, final decent, and landing. However, the minimum altitude may be used as a guide for a controller when operating the UAV. In another example a maximum altitude for the flight can be established. The maximum altitude can indicate a level above MSL which is deemed to be the maximum desired operating altitude during the flight of the UAV. The maximum altitude can be based on one of more of the following factors: the maximum designed operating altitude of the UAV, a level above which other air traffic is expected to be, airspace restrictions, and the like. In another example, a safe altitude for the flight can be established. The safe altitude may indicate a level above MSL which is greater than the minimum altitude and which represents an altitude that is deemed to be safe for operation of the UAV. The safe altitude may be determined based on a safety factor for avoiding terrain during the flight, based on an uncertainty of the level of terrain in the area of the flight of the UAV, and/or based on any other factor.
The display 400 depicted in
The display 400 can also include an icon 407 representing a location of the UAV within one of the lower no-fly zone 401, the minimum fly zone 402, the safe fly zone 403, or the upper no-fly zone 404. Depicting the icon 407 at the actual altitude of the UAV can aid the controller in understanding where the UAV is with respect to each of the minimum fly zone 402, the safe fly zone 403, or the upper no-fly zone 404. Having this understanding may assist the UAV controller in determining whether the UAV is flying at an appropriate altitude. However, such a depiction does not give the controller knowledge of the actual terrain surrounding the UAV.
The display 500 also depicts a profile of terrain 503. The profile of terrain 503 can indicate a profile of the actual terrain along a projected flight path of the UAV. The flight path of the UAV can be a linear flight path (e.g., the UAV is projected to proceed without turning in any direction). In this case, the profile of terrain 503 indicates the terrain immediately in front of the UAV. The flight path of the UAV can also be a non-linear flight path (e.g. the UAV is projected to turn at some point). In this case, the profile of terrain 503 indicates the terrain that will be beneath the projected flight path. Data to develop the profile of terrain 503 can stored locally on a system that is associated with the display 500, such as on a computing device that includes the display 500. The data to develop the profile of terrain 503 can also be obtained from a remote system, such as the NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), the USGS Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data (GMTED), and the like. In the case where data is not available to generate the profile of terrain 503, the display 503 can display a warning that terrain data is not available. In this way, if the display 500 does not show any profile of terrain 503, the warning can help the controller to understand that the data is simply not available instead of the profile of terrain 503 being flat or some other reason.
The profile of terrain 503 depicted in
The display 500 can also include a command projection line 506 showing the altitude of the projected flight path of the UAV. The command projection line 506 can be a horizontal line, such as in the case of the command projection line 506 depicted in
The display 500 can also include an overall minimum altitude line 508 and an overall safety altitude line 509. The overall minimum altitude line 508 can indicate a minimum flight level for the entire flight. The overall safety altitude line 509 can indicated a safe altitude for the entire flight at which the controller can command the UAV at any time. As is shown in this display, it is possible for terrain to rise about the overall minimum altitude line 508 set for a flight. If a controller was relying solely on the overall minimum altitude line 508 (i.e., not relying on any indication of the high of the actual terrain), it would be possible for controller to maintain the UAV above the overall minimum altitude line 508 and still have the UAV crash into terrain. The display 500 can also include a numerical overall minimum altitude indicator 510 near the overall minimum altitude line 508 for convenience in displaying the overall minimum altitude of the flight. The display 500 can also include a numerical overall safety altitude indicator 512 near the overall safety altitude line 509 for convenience in displaying the overall safety altitude of the flight.
The display 500 can be part of a user interface that allows a controller to interact with the display 500. In this case, a controller may be able to move certain elements in the display 500 to adjust the display and/or the programming of the UAV. For example, the controller may be able to move minimum altitude contour line 504 up and/or down. Movement of the minimum altitude contour line 504 up and/or down can change the settings for the distance of the minimum altitude contour line 504 from the profile of terrain 503. In another example, the controller may be able to move safety altitude contour line 505 up and/or down to change the settings for the distance of the safety altitude contour line 505 from the profile of terrain 503. In another example, the controller may be able to move the overall minimum altitude line 508 up and/or down to change the settings for the distance of the overall minimum altitude line 508 from the mean sea level. In another example, the controller may be able to move the overall safety altitude line 509 up and/or down to change the settings for the distance of the overall safety altitude line 509 from the mean sea level. In yet another example, the controller may be able to move the command projection line 506. Movement of the command projection line 506 by the controller may not only change the location of the command projection line 506 on the display, but also change the altitude level commands sent to the UAV. Thus, movement of the command projection line 506 in the display 500 can effect a change in the actual altitude of the UAV as it is flying.
The display 500 depicted in
Although not required, the methods and systems disclosed herein may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer, such as a client workstation, server or personal computer. Such computer-executable instructions may be stored on any type of computer-readable storage device that is not a transient signal per se. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, it should be appreciated that the methods and systems disclosed herein and/or portions thereof may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including hand-held devices, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers and the like. The methods and systems disclosed herein may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
Computer 720 may further include hard disk drive 727 for reading from and writing to a hard disk (not shown), magnetic disk drive 728 for reading from or writing to removable magnetic disk 729, and/or optical disk drive 730 for reading from or writing to removable optical disk 731 such as a CD-ROM or other optical media. Hard disk drive 727, magnetic disk drive 728, and optical disk drive 730 may be connected to system bus 723 by hard disk drive interface 732, magnetic disk drive interface 733, and optical drive interface 734, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide non-volatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for computer 720.
Although the example environment described herein employs a hard disk, removable magnetic disk 729, and removable optical disk 731, it should be appreciated that other types of computer-readable media that can store data that is accessible by a computer may also be used in the exemplary operating environment. Such other types of media include, but are not limited to, a magnetic cassette, a flash memory card, a digital video or versatile disk, a Bernoulli cartridge, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), and the like.
A number of program modules may be stored on hard disk drive 727, magnetic disk 729, optical disk 731, ROM 724, and/or RAM 725, including an operating system 735, one or more application programs 736, other program modules 737 and program data 738. A user may enter commands and information into the computer 720 through input devices such as a keyboard 740 and pointing device 742. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite disk, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 721 through a serial port interface 746 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port, or universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 747 or other type of display device may also be connected to the system bus 723 via an interface, such as a video adapter 448. In addition to the monitor 747, a computer may include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers. The exemplary system of
The computer 720 may operate in a networked environment using logical and/or physical connections to one or more remote computers or devices, such as remote computer 749, that may represent any of server 304, laptop 306, desktop 308, flight planning system 302, and database 326. Each of server 304, laptop 306, desktop 308, flight planning system 302, and database 326 may be any device as described herein capable of performing the determination and display of zero fuel time data and return to base time data. Remote computer 749 may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and may include many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 720, although only a memory storage device 750 has been illustrated in
When used in a LAN networking environment, computer 720 may be connected to LAN 751 through network interface or adapter 753. When used in a WAN networking environment, computer 720 may include modem 754 or other means for establishing communications over wide area network 752, such as the Internet. Modem 754, which may be internal or external, may be connected to system bus 723 via serial port interface 746. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to computer 720, or portions thereof, may be stored in a remote memory storage device. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between computers may be used.
Computer 720 may include a variety of computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable storage media can be any available tangible, non-transitory, or non-propagating media that can be accessed by computer 720 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other tangible medium that can be used to store the desired information and that can be accessed by computer 720. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media that may be used to store source code for implementing the methods and systems described herein. Any combination of the features or elements disclosed herein may be used in one or more examples.
Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain examples include, while other examples do not include, certain features, elements, and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or steps are in any way required for one or more examples or that one or more examples necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular example. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list.
In general, the various features and processes described above may be used independently of one another, or may be combined in different ways. All possible combinations and subcombinations are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure. In addition, certain method or process blocks may be omitted in some implementations. The methods and processes described herein are also not limited to any particular sequence, and the blocks or states relating thereto can be performed in other sequences that are appropriate. For example, described blocks or states may be performed in an order other than that specifically disclosed, or multiple blocks or states may be combined in a single block or state. The example blocks or states may be performed in serial, in parallel, or in some other manner. Blocks or states may be added to or removed from the disclosed examples. The example systems and components described herein may be configured differently than described. For example, elements may be added to, removed from, or rearranged compared to the disclosed examples.
While certain example or illustrative examples have been described, these examples have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions disclosed herein. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of certain of the inventions disclosed herein.
This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/872,325, filed Aug. 30, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61872325 | Aug 2013 | US |