This invention generally relates to system management systems and methods. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus and computer program product for managing inherited settings.
The latter half of the twentieth century has been witness to a phenomenon known as the information revolution. While the information revolution is a historical development broader in scope than any one event or machine, one of its hallmarks has been the decreasing cost and increasing functionality of information technology (“IT”). This trend, in turn, has driven tremendous increases in productivity as product designs, manufacturing processes, resource scheduling, administrative chores, and many other tasks, are made more efficient. Today, as a result of this trend, virtually every organization relies heavily on information technology.
Many organizations have discovered that the total cost of information technology is not limited to the cost of the hardware and software used to perform its operations; it also includes the cost of human resources devoted to maintain and configure the IT systems. One particular problem faced by many of the administrators of these systems (“IT administrators”) is that many of today's IT applications, such as web server programs, eCommerce application programs, virtual desktop programs, and server-based application programs, are designed to create multiple copies (“instances”) of themselves, with each copy handling a specific task. These instances can all run on the same computer, or may be spread across multiple computers. Although this technique has many advantages, one problem is that each instance of the program must be maintained and properly configured.
One common method of managing of multiple instances of an application program is to create a file containing a global set of configuration choices (“settings”). New instances of an application can then copy (“inherit”) their configuration settings from the so-called global configuration file. As a result of this technique, when an IT administrator changes a global setting, all new instances will automatically use the new value. One problem with this technique, however, is that IT administrators frequently need to override the global settings for a particular instance because that particular instance is used in a slightly different way. Another problem is that IT administrators may need to manage the settings of existing instances, rather than just the new instances. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that manually changing settings on a field-by-field basis across many instances of an application is a time consuming task even under the best circumstances.
One partial solution to this problem is to create multiple configuration files containing settings for the most common situations and uses. This technique, however, creates its own set of problems. For example, the IT administrator now needs to track what each configuration file does and which configuration file each instance uses. To further complicate matters, when an instance of an application is started, certain values can and should be overridden at run-time. When this occurs, the ‘override’ settings do not show up in any configuration file. As a result, IT administrators frequently cannot see from which configuration file a particular instance is inheriting when looking at that instance, or even see that a particular setting is inherited at all without performing a detailed and time-consuming investigation. These complications frequently force IT administrators to waste hours trying to determine where a configuration problem originates. As the Linux™ operating system and policy-based applications, such as eXtensible Markup Language (“XML”) driven applications, become more popular, these problems will only increase in frequency.
Without a way to help IT administrators manage multiple instances of applications, the promise of the information revolution may never be fully achieved.
The present invention provides a method, system, and article of manufacture that help system administrators visualize the relationship between a global setting and the setting in each instance. One aspect of the present invention is a method for managing settings in a computer system. One embodiment of this method comprises receiving a selection of a setting, determining an inheritance state for the selected setting, and displaying a graphical indication of the inheritance state of the selected setting. In some embodiments, the method further comprises displaying a graphical indication of the inheritance relationship between the selected setting and at least one related setting. The method may also include receiving a change inheritance relationship command, and changing the inheritance relationship for the selected setting.
Another aspect of the present invention is an inheritance manager for an IT system. One embodiment of the inheritance manager comprises a control widget associated with a selected setting, the control widget comprising an inheritance state indication and a current value for the selected setting, and an inheritance relationship indicator that indicates the inheritance relationship between the selected setting and at least one other setting. Some embodiments by further comprise a property widget associated with the at least one other setting, wherein the relative positions of the control widget and the property widget indicate an inheritance relationship between the selected setting and the at least one other setting. The control widget in some embodiments displays the current value using a control type used by a managed application to display the selected setting.
Other aspects of the present invention include a computer program product and a method for managing instances of an application in an IT system. One embodiment of the computer program product comprises a program configured to perform a method for managing settings in a computer system, and a signal bearing media bearing the program. The method for managing settings in this embodiment comprises receiving a setting selection, determining an inheritance state for the selected setting, and displaying a graphical indication of the inheritance state of the selected setting. One embodiment of the method for managing instances of an application in an IT system comprises launching an inheritance manager, selecting the control widget associated with a desired setting for an instance of the application, modifying the current value for the desired setting, and modifying the inheritance state for the desired setting. The inheritance manager in this embodiment comprises a control widget associated with a selected setting for one instance of an application, the control widget comprising an inheritance state indicator and a current value indicator, and an inheritance relationship indicator that indicates the inheritance relationship between the selected setting and at least one other setting;
a-2e illustrate several display widget embodiments.
a-3d illustrate one embodiment of an inheritance manager.
a-7c illustrate three methods of modifying inheritance using the configuration manager embodiment in
In operation, each setting 128 of each application program instance 126 is uniquely associated with a control widget 134. The control widgets 134 provide the user of the management computer system 102a (typically the IT administrator) with a graphical summary of its setting's 128 current value and its inheritance status (e.g., currently inheriting, currently being inherited, etc). The inheritance manager 136, in turn, provides the user with a graphical indication of exactly how the each setting 128 interacts with other settings 128, and provides an interface that will allow the IT administrator to easily change each setting's 128 current value, inheritance properties, and inheritance interactions. That is, the inheritance manager 136 provides a graphical display that allows the IT administrator to manage inheritance relationships on a setting-by-setting basis. In some embodiments, the inheritance manager 136 will also show all related, but non-inheriting, settings 128. This feature is desirable because, by selecting a particular setting 128′, the IT administrator can see those settings 128 that have an inheritance relationship with the selected setting 128′ as well as any other logically-related settings 128 that do not currently have an inheritance relationship with the selected setting 128′.
a-2e illustrates several control widgets 134 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In general, the control widgets 134 may be any programmatic device that, alone or in combination with other programmatic devices, can receive and respond to input from a user input device, indicate the setting's current value and inheritance properties, and communicate with other applications (possibly another widget) by means of a call, for example. Each control widget 134 in this embodiment comprises a current value widget 202 and a graphical inheritance indicator 204. The current value widget 202 displays or graphically indicates the current value of the selected setting 128. Suitable control types (e.g., a table, radio button group, check box, etc.) include, without limitation, the control type typically used by the managed application 126 to control that particular type of setting 128, a control type common to the inheritance manager 136 or to the operating system 124, or another user-selected control type.
The inheritance indicator icon 204 graphically indicates the setting's current inheritance properties. The inheritance icon 204 in this embodiment comprises a superposition of two graphical elements. One graphical element, best shown in
When a user selects one of the control widgets 134, for example by double-clicking, the configuration manager 132 causes the management computer 102a to display the inheritance manager 136.
As best shown in
As best shown in
With continuing reference in
The user in this embodiment can select multiple control widgets 304 and then change the inheritance relationships for all of the items in the group. One suitable method to add inheritance to all of the selected items is to hold the “control” key while selecting the desired property widgets 304, followed by right-clicking on one of the selected widgets 304 and by selecting “Inherit” from the resulting pop-up context menu. The IT administrator can also use this procedure to remove inheritance relationships from a group of widgets 304.
When the IT administrator is finished managing the inheritance of a setting 128′, he can then click “OK” from an appropriate menu. The inheritance manager 136 will then close, and the configuration manager 132 will then apply the changes will be applied across all the affected instances 126 and will return the IT administrator to the location from which he or she invoked the configuration manager 132.
a-7c illustrate methods of modifying inheritance in this embodiment. More specifically,
b illustrates one method of modifying inheritance by selecting display widgets. At block 720, the IT administrator selects two settings 128′. At block 722, the configuration manager 132 determines the current inheritance state for the two selected settings 128′. If neither of the settings 128′ is currently inheriting or being inherited, the inheritance manager 136 displays a context sensitive menu to the IT administrator at block 724 asking which of the selected settings 128′ should inherit and which should be inherited (e.g., ‘Instance003 inherit from Instance004’ or ‘Instance004 inherit from Instance003’). Next, at block 728, the configuration manager 132 updates the configuration files and the inheritance manager 136 creates a new inheritance indicator 306. If exactly one of the settings 128 selected at block 720 is being inherited, the inheritance manger 136 automatically causes the ‘non-inherited’ server to inherit from the ‘inheriting’ server (at block 725). If both of the settings 128 selected at block 720 are currently being inherited, the inheritance manager 136 does not create any new links and may display an error message (at block 726).
c illustrates one method of deleting inheritance links. At block 740, the user selects one or more inheritance indicators 306. At block 742, the configuration manager 132 determines the current inheritance state for every setting 128 interconnected by the selected inheritance indicators 306′. Next, at block 744, the inheritance manager 136 displays a context sensitive menu to the IT administrator containing an option to ‘stop inheriting.’ After the IT administrator selects the stop inheriting option, (at block 746) the configuration manager 132 updates the configuration files for the settings to indicate the changed inheritance state and the inheritance manager 136 removes the selected inheritance indicators 306′.
In all three methods illustrated in
Referring again to
The central processing units 110 may be any device capable of executing the program instructions stored in main memory 112, and may be constructed from one or more microprocessors and/or integrated circuits. When one of the computer systems 102 start up, the CPU 110 initially execute the program instructions that make up the operating system 124, which manages the physical and logical resources of the computer system 102. These resources include the central processing unit 110, the main memory 112, the mass storage interface 114, the display interface 115, the network interface 116, and the system bus 122. Further, although each computer system 102 is shown to with only a single processing unit 110 and a single system bus 122, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be practised using a computer system 102 that has multiple processing units 110 and/or multiple system buses 122. In addition, the interfaces 114, 115, 116, and 118 may each include their own separate, fully programmed microprocessors, which may be used to off-load compute-intensive processing from the main processing units 110.
The display interface 115 is used to directly connect one or more displays 180 to the computer system 102. These displays 180 may be non-intelligent (i.e., dumb) terminals or fully programmable workstations, and are used to allow IT administrators and users to communicate with computer system 102. Note, however, that while the display interface 115 is provided to support communication with one or more displays 180, the computer system 102 does not necessarily require a display 180 because all needed interaction with users and other processes may occur via network interface 116.
The communication medium 106 can be any device or system that allows the computer systems 102 to communicate with each other. The network interfaces 116, accordingly, can be any device that facilitates such communication, regardless of whether the network connection is made using present-day analog and/or digital techniques or via some networking mechanism of the future. Suitable communication mediums 106 include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, cellular transmission networks, wireless networks using the IEEE 802.11 specification, and the like. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many different network protocols can be used to implement the communication medium 106. The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (“TCP/IP”) is an example of a suitable network protocol for Internet communication.
The embodiment described with reference to
One suitable management computer system 102a is an eServer™ iSeries® computer running the OS/400® multitasking operating system, both of which are produced by International Business Machines Corporation of Armonk, N.Y. One suitable managed computer system 102b is an eServer™ Bladecenter computer running the Linux™ operating system. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms and apparatus of the present invention apply equally to any computer system 102 and operating system 124, regardless of whether the computer system 102 is a complicated multi-user computing apparatus, a single workstation, embedded control system. The present invention applies and its inheritance manager 136 may be used to manage any device capable of processing information, including without limitation, pervasive computing devices, such as cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (“PDA”), and the like.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to certain examples thereof, it may be also embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential spirit or attributes thereof. For example, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and applies equally regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of suitable signal bearing media include, but are not limited to: (i) information permanently stored on non-writable storage media (e.g., read-only memory devices within a computer such as CD-ROM disks readable by a CD-ROM drive); (ii) alterable information stored on writable storage media (e.g., floppy disks within a diskette drive, a CD-R disk, a CD-RW disk, or hard-disk drive); or (iii) information conveyed to a computer by a communications medium, such as through a computer or telephone network, including wireless communications, and specifically includes information downloaded from the Internet and other networks. Such signal-bearing media, when carrying computer-readable instructions that direct the functions of the present invention, represent embodiments of the present invention. Also, although the present invention was generally described as a stand-alone management system, it may also be integrated in whole or in part into the operating system 124 of the computer system 102, and may be may be used advantageously with converged user interfaces and/or in heterogeneous environments. In addition, although the present invention has been described with reference to managing individual settings 128, those skilled in the art will appreciate that IT administrators could use the configuration manager to manage groups of settings simultaneously by, for example, using the control widgets to select a configuration file.
The present invention offers numerous advantages over conventional computer management systems. For example, the those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention and its inheritance manager 136 is desirable because it provides the IT administrator with instant access to all instances of the same setting 128 in order to manage both the setting and its inheritance properties. This, in turn, allows the IT administrator to: (i) instantly see if a particular instance 126 of the application program is inheriting from another setting (global or otherwise); (ii) instantly edit the selected setting 128′; (ii) edit from where the setting 128′ inherits its value; and (iv) edit what other settings 128 inherits from the currently selected setting 128′. The present invention and its control widgets 134 are also desirable because they allow the IT administrator to edit the selected setting 128′ in its original control, which allows for consistency and improves usability. That is, if the user interface normally displays the setting as part of a list a drop down menu, the display widget 134 also shows the setting 128′ as a drop-down menu. In addition, the present invention is desirable because it can allows the IT administrator to easily determine from where a setting 128 inherits and easily link to that location.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be used to manage information other than application settings. For example, some embodiments may be used in conjunction with identity management software, such as the Enterprise Identity Mapping (“EIM”) software described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/818064, filed Mar. 21, 2001, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. In these embodiments, the configuration manager 132 could be used to show which enterprise identity a particular user profile inherits from, as well as creating relationships between a profile and an identity. Other embodiments may be used to manage intelligent agents. The configuration manager 132 in these embodiments could be used to display and manage the working relationship between agents (e.g., which agents are controlling other agents, which agents are being controlled).
The accompanying figures and this description depicted and described embodiments of the present invention, and features and components thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any particular program nomenclature used in this description was merely for convenience, and thus the invention should not be limited to use solely in any specific application identified and/or implied by such nomenclature. Thus, for example, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of the invention, whether implemented as part of an operating system or a specific application, component, program, module, object, or sequence of instructions could have been referred to as a “program”, “application”, “server”, or other meaningful nomenclature. Therefore, it is desired that the embodiments described herein be considered in all respects as illustrative, not restrictive, and that reference be made to the appended claims for determining the scope of the invention.
This is a continuation application of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/677,428, filed Oct. 2, 2003, entitled “Displaying and Managing Inherited Values,” which is herein incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10677428 | Oct 2003 | US |
Child | 12271586 | US |