Dispositif de combustion

Abstract

A combustion device including a combustion chamber, a primary reactor and a suction and exhaust tube for gases wherein the gas suction and exhaust tube passes through the primary reactor. In a preferred embodiment, the primary reactor emerges into a post-combustion chamber whereby the post-combustion gases are discharged from the post-combustion chamber through the suction tube passing through the primary reactor.

Description

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The disclosed embodiments relate to a combustion device comprising a combustion reactor and postcombustion of the gases produced by the combustion of combustible materials.

SUMMARY

During the combustion of combustible materials, greater efficiency and a reduction of polluting combustion wastes are desirable.

The disclosed embodiments relate to a combustion device comprising a combustion chamber, a primary reactor and a gas suction and exhaust tube in which the gas suction and exhaust tube passes through the primary reactor.

More particularly, the primary reactor terminates in a postcombustion chamber and the gas suction and exhaust tube passing through the primary reactor removes the postcombustion gases from the postcombustion chamber.

According to a preferred embodiment, the gas suction and exhaust tube is concentric with the primary reactor.

This configuration serves to warm the oxidizer by sweeping said tube, which is advantageously concentric with the combustion reactor.

This device also serves to pass the postcombustion gases through the discharge tube, which is itself externally subjected to the heat of primary combustion.

According to a particular embodiment, the combustion chamber is a primary combustion chamber receiving the fuel and is connected to the postcombustion chamber by the primary reactor.

According to a first embodiment, the burned gases are sucked out by venturi effect at the gas outlet.

According to an alternative or complementary embodiment, a conventional fan type suction system sucks the gases from the suction and exhaust tube.

Advantageously, once the combustion is initiated, said suction and exhaust tube is configured so that the burned gases are sucked independently by chimney effect once the combustion is initiated.

The primary reactor preferably comprises inlet slits through which the oxidizer is sucked in.

The reactor is further advantageously provided with slits placed around the primary reactor and through which the oxidizer makes contact with the fuel present in the combustion chamber.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other features and advantageous of the disclosed embodiments will appear better from a reading of the description of a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the figures which show:

in FIG. 1: an exemplary embodiment of a reactor according to the disclosed embodiments in cross section;

in FIG. 2: an exemplary embodiment of a primary reactor for the reactor in FIG. 1;

in FIG. 3: an exemplary embodiment of an improved reactor according to the disclosed embodiments;

in FIG. 4: a perspective cross section view of a combustion chamber and a primary reactor according to a particular embodiment;

in FIG. 5: a schematic cross section view of an exemplary embodiment of an improved postcombustion chamber.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSED EMBODIMENTS

The disclosed embodiments relate to a combustion device comprising a combustion reactor and a postcombustion chamber of which an example is shown in FIG. 1.

It comprises a combustion chamber 1, a primary combustion reactor 2, a fresh gas inlet consisting of first slits, inlet slits 5 of the primary reactor 2.

The oxidizer (air) is sucked in through the air inlets formed by the inlet slits 5 of the primary reactor 2 and makes contact with the fuel 11 through second slits 3, placed around the primary reactor 2, and shown more particularly in Figure 2 in the case of a cylindrical primary reactor.

The combustion chamber 1 is connected to the postcombustion chamber 7 by the primary reactor 2.

The flames and the combustion gases 8 flow from the primary reactor 2 into the postcombustion chamber 7.

The device according to the example comprises a gas exhaust and removal tube 4 concentric with the tube of the primary reactor 2.

This arrangement serves to heat the oxidizer by sweeping the gas exhaust tube, a tube concentric with the primary combustion reactor 2.

This device also serves to send the postcombustion gases through the removal tube, which is itself externally subjected to the heat of primary combustion.

The lean gases produced by the combustion chamber 1 may be either reintroduced into the primary combustion reactor 2, or recovered for another use.

The suction 9 of the burned gases 12 can be carried out by a venturi effect or by a conventional fan type suction system.

Once the combustion is initiated, the suction, removal and exhaust of the gases may become independent by the chimney effect.

The operating principle of the device is as follows:

The suction 9 of the burned gases 12 is started.

The fuel 11 is introduced into the combustion chamber 1 and on starting, it is ignited by externally produced fire provided either by a gas, heating oil or other energy burner 10, the flame being introduced either into an air inlet 5 of the primary reactor, or directly into the combustion chamber 1 similar to the lighting of a wood fire.

By creating a negative pressure in the postcombustion chamber 1, the combustion reaction takes place through second slits 3 and is carried out around the postcombustion gas removal tube 4.

The combustion participates in the heating of the gas removal tube 4 and the gas removal tube, passing inside the tube of the primary reactor 2, is heated and its temperature rises, at the inlet of the primary reactor 2, the oxidizer (air) entering via the inlet slits 5.

The combustion is improved by heating the oxidizer (air) by the gas removal tube 4.

The postcombustion gases 12 are burned better because they pass into the removal tube 4 heated to redness during the passage through the primary reactor 2.

The lean gases produced in the combustion chamber 1 may be either reintroduced into the primary postcombustion reactor 2, or recovered for another use.

The combustion is adjusted by the variable closing of the slits 3 present on the tube of the primary reactor 2.

When the slits are more or less blocked, the quantity of fuel 11 placed in contact with the oxidizer (air) is reduced or increased.

The air inlet slits 6 at the beginning of the primary reactor tube may be more or less blocked to increase or reduce the quantity of oxidizer (air) introduced into the primary reactor 2 and the adjustment of the postcombustion gas 12 suction capacity accelerates or slows down the combustion.

To assist the postcombustion, one or more adjustable air inlets 6 are advantageously provided at the end of the tube of the primary reactor 2.

The postcombustion chamber 7 accommodates the tube of the primary reactor 2 via a contiguous seal.

The installation operates in the horizontal, vertical or oblique position, the only requirement being to change the loading position of the combustion chamber 1.

FIG. 3 shows an improved device according to the disclosed embodiments in which the chamber is equipped with a refractory steel tube 13 provided with a feed screw 14, for products to be dried and/or requiring pyrolysis, enabling certain products to be dried and subjected to pyrolysis.

In the example, the tube is loaded outside the chamber using a tank 24, the product passing through the chamber and terminating at the top of the primary reactor. The water vapor generated during drying is sucked by the negative pressure and passes into combustion.

The feed screw is rotated by a motor 25.

FIG. 4 shows an improvement of the combustion chamber.

The primary reactor, due to its configuration, is suitable for pyrolyzing a fuel in its upper part. This pyrolysis allows ideal combustion but, depending on the products, may create a “vault” liable to prevent the descent of the fuel.

In FIG. 4, the device comprises fuel grinding means comprising at least one tubular spindle 15 passing through the chamber 1 and equipped with mixing means 16. In the example, the fuel grinding means comprise two tubular spindles 15.

The spindles are, for example, driven by a geared motor controlled by a timer, not shown.

FIG. 5 corresponds to an improved embodiment of the postcombustion chamber 7.

This improved postcombustion chamber firstly comprises the addition of an adjustable air inlet 17 for air entering directly into the postcombustion chamber to permit the complete combustion of certain fuels requiring more oxidizer than others, for example tires.

This air inlet is adjustable according to the example by a flap 26.

The improved chamber secondly comprises the addition of a device for regulating the temperature of the postcombustion chamber by creating a void 21 between the chamber 7 itself and a thermal insulation 20 surrounding it, and the addition of means for blowing fresh air into this void 21 between the outer walls of the chamber surrounding the chamber 7 and the inner wall of the thermal insulation, and thereby for cooling the vessel surrounding the chamber 7.

This device is particularly useful for reducing the temperature of the vessel surrounding the postcombustion chamber 7 during the combustion of used tires or other products which may cause the temperature of this vessel to rise above 1260° C., whereas the materials of construction of the vessel are possibly subject to temperature limits, for example, a material such as refractory steel cannot withstand a temperature above 1200° C., entailing the need to limit the temperature of the vessel.

The temperature regulation device serves to control the temperature of the chamber of the postcombustion chamber 7 when it reaches or exceeds critical temperature thresholds for the materials from which it is constructed (1200° C. for refractory steel as stated above).

The means for blowing air into the void 21 are provided according to the example by a first duct 19 open to the exterior, a fan 18 serving to adjust the quantity of intake air and an actual air intake duct 23 placed between the fan and the chamber 7.

Furthermore, the recovery of this superheated air leaving the void via a duct 22 can also participate in the provision of an energy recovery device.

To recover the combustion wastes, the device shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 comprises a recovery tank 27.

The disclosed embodiments are not limited to the examples shown and, in particular, the primary combustion chamber 1 receiving the fuel 11 may be cylindrical, square, conical or oval, rectangular or parallelepipedal, the primary reactor 2 may itself be cylindrical, square, frustoconical, oval, rectangular, or parallelepipedal and perforated with slits 3 enabling the contact of the fuel 11 and the oxidizer (air) having any geometrical shape whatsoever, round, oval, rectangle, square, parallelepipedal, and the gas removal tube 4 placed inside this primary reactor 2 may be cylindrical, square, frustoconical, oval, rectangle or parallelepipedal shaped or may have any other cross section.

Claims

1. A combustion device comprising a combustion chamber, a primary reactor and a gas suction and exhaust tube 4 in which the gas suction and exhaust tube 4 passes through the primary reactor.

2. The combustion device as claimed in claim 1, in which the primary reactor terminates in a postcombustion chamber and in which the gas suction and exhaust tube 4 passing through the primary reactor removes the postcombustion gases from the postcombustion chamber.

3. The combustion device as claimed in claim 1, in which the gas exhaust tube is concentric with the primary reactor.

4. The combustion device as claimed in claim 2, in which the combustion chamber is a primary combustion chamber receiving the fuel and is connected to the postcombustion chamber by the primary reactor.

5. The combustion device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, in which the burned gases are sucked out by venturi effect at the gas outlet 9.

6. The combustion device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, in which the exhaust tube is configured so that the burned gases are sucked independently by chimney effect once the combustion is initiated.

7. The combustion device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, in which the primary reactor comprises first inlet slits through which the oxidizer is sucked in.

8. The combustion device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein it is provided with second slits placed around the primary reactor and through which the oxidizer makes contact with the fuel present in the combustion chamber.

9. The combustion device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, in which the chamber is equipped with a tube for incoming products, made from refractory steel provided with a feed screw for products to be dried and/or requiring pyrolysis.

10. The combustion device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises fuel grinding means which comprise at least one tubular spindle passing through the chamber and are equipped with mixing means.

11. The combustion device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises an adjustable air inlet for air entering directly into the postcombustion chamber.

12. The combustion device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises a device for regulating the temperature of the postcombustion chamber by creating a void between the chamber itself and a thermal insulation surrounding it, and means for blowing fresh air into this void between the outer walls of the chamber and the inner wall of the thermal insulation.