Patent Application
20140318761
The field of the invention is subterranean tool locking mechanisms and more particularly where the lock directly retains the actuated component until release preferably by dissolving.
Packers are widely used in boreholes to isolate a portion of the borehole from another. Some of these packers are set with tubing pressure that either inflates an element or operates a piston to axially compress an assembly of a sealing element and adjacent slips. This is commonly accomplished with a ball dropped on a ball seat so that pressure above the seated ball is communicated to a piston outside the string through a wall opening. The applied pressure breaks any retainers on piston movement and as a result an axial compressive force acts on the seal and slips to set the packer. In other designs the available hydrostatic pressure is used as the driving force to move a piston to in turn set the seal and the slips of a packer. In still other designs the tubular string associated with the packer is manipulated to set the packer.
There are disadvantages to some of these designs. One notable disadvantage is the need to have a wall opening in designs that set the packer with internal tubing pressure. For the packers that set hydrostatically with annulus pressure the can still be wall openings to an exterior piston that opens a port to allow access of annulus pressure to a piston to set the packer. Another technique involves signaling a valve to open at the packer in the annulus from the surface through a variety of techniques such as coded pressure pulses, vibration or movement patterns of a work string. Each of these techniques has disadvantages of cost or limited applicability due to well conditions. The techniques for remote signaling require a local processor and signal receiver.
In some hydrostatically set packers rupture discs have been suggested to provide a backup way to communicate annulus pressure to a piston that would set the packer. As an alternative to a rupture disc 42 U.S. Pat. No. 6,779,600 suggested a disappearing plug to provide a time delay to providing annulus hydrostatic pressure access to the operating piston of the packer. The lock sleeve 32 had its own mechanical restraint in shear pin 46. Movement of the lock sleeve 32 released dog 48 from groove 50 to allow hydrostatic pressure to actuate the packer by moving piston 18 against an atmospheric chamber 24. Breaking the rupture disc 42 or having a plug dissolve let in hydrostatic pressure to break the shear pin 46 to liberate piston 18 to set the packer. This design still depended on a shear pin to break at a designated force and to shear cleanly to allow the parts to relatively move thereafter.
Another design shown in US Publication 2012/0279701 FIG. 8 shows the use of shape memory alloy for plug 202 that is thermally induced to go into another shape to open passage 200 so that hydrostatic pressure moves the piston 206 to break a shear pin that holds ring 210 to release the lock 212 on packer mandrel 214 that allows setting the packer with pipe manipulation and drag blocks. Paragraph 26 alludes to an option to retain a preload force on a piston with a member that is dissolved or chemically attacked to release the force to move the piston. No drawing of this alternative is provided.
Controlled electrolytic materials (CEM) have been described in US Publication 2011/0136707 and related applications filed the same day. These materials dissolve in well conditions. Also relevant to disappearing plugs are US Publication 2012/0118583; U.S. Pat. No. 7,552,777 (swelling material shifts a sleeve to open a port) and U.S. Pat. No. 7,726,406 (FIG. 4 where core 47 of plug 43 disappears and puts a force on a piton 41 to break retaining shear pin 42 to set the tool.
The above locking mechanisms are all indirect techniques for retaining an actuator that still depend on shear pins and the uncertainties that are involved in their use. The present invention incorporates the mechanical locking member for a tool actuator as the part that goes away so that the tool can be set. More specifically in a hydrostatically set packer has a CEM locking member that dissolves to allow the packer to set. These and other aspects of the present invention will be more readily apparent from a review of the description of the preferred embodiment and the associated drawings while understanding that the full scope of the invention is to be determined from the appended claims.
A hydrostatically set packer is held against setting by a locking member that is made of controlled electrolytic material (CEM). After introduction into a wellbore and exposure to thermal or well fluid inputs the lock made of CEM dissolves or is otherwise weakened to the point where relative movement can occur for the setting of the packer with available hydrostatic pressure. The locking member can also be a shape memory alloy at least in part whose shape change allows the tool to set.
Referring to
As shown in
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the lock such as 42 is directly connected to the pistons that move to set the packer. The structural weakening of the lock which is preferably at least in part a CEM material allows the pistons to become unlocked and move to set the slips and seal. The lock is self actuating with time and needs no openings in the wall of mandrel 40 to actuate. By the same token the setting of the tool, in the preferred case a packer, is automatic and time and/or exposure dependent. The lock has to be structurally strong to resist the net hydrostatic forces applied to the piston(s) to allow sufficient time for proper placement of the tool before it automatically actuates. Using the automatic actuation feature avoids the need for surface signaling equipment or processors in the downhole location for signal reception and interpretation. While CEM is preferred other materials can be used such as shape memory alloys or CEM can be used together with shape memory alloys or other materials, that above the critical temperature of the shape memory alloy changes the shape of the shape memory alloy enough to retract out of groove 44. Alternatively structural materials can be combined with materials that weaken under exposure to well conditions sufficiently to let the lock 42 come out of groove 44. The lock 42 can be a composite of a structural material and another material that is dissolved or melts in a way that allows the structural material to shift enough to get out of the groove 44 to allow the tool to set. While packers is the preferred tool, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other types of tools such as sliding sleeves or disconnects for example, can be operated in a like manner. Using the direct locking of the member whose movement actuates the tool there is also no real need for shear pins as in the indirect systems discussed above in the background of the invention.
The above description is illustrative of the preferred embodiment and many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention whose scope is to be determined from the literal and equivalent scope of the claims below:
