DNA coding an inositol 1,4,5,-triphosphate binding protein

Abstract

A polypeptide capable of binding to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) coding for said polypeptide, a recombinant plasmid harboring said DNA or a part thereof, a microorganism and animal cells each harboring said plasmid, and a method of producing said polypeptide.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a polypeptide capable of binding to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (hereinafter referred to as "IP3"), a deoxyribonucleic acid (hereinafter referred to as "DNA") coding for said polypeptide, a recombinant, plasmid with said DNA or a part thereof inserted therein, a microorganism and animal cells each harboring said plasmid, and a method of producing said polypeptide. IP3 is one of the most important intracellular mediators involved in the intracellular mediator mechanisms and serving to adjust the calcium concentration in the cell. The polypeptide according to the invention binds to this IP3 and thereby functions like a receptor for causing various reactions. The polypeptide and DNA coding therefor according to the invention as such are expected to be useful as drugs, for examples as cardiotonics, or diagnostic reagents. They are also usable widely in developing drugs, for example in screening out and evaluating such drugs as calcium antagonists of a novel type.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Supattapone et al. reported that a polypeptide having IP3 binding activity was purified from the rat cerebellum [Surachai Supattapone et al, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 263, 1530 (1988)]. The amino acid sequence of this polypeptide is not specified, however. Nordquist et al. cloned randomly three clones of complementary DNA (hereinafter referred to as "cDNA") specific to the mouse cerebellum [Daniel T. Nordquist et al., The Journal of Neuroscience, 8, 4780 (1988)]. Although one of them has a high level of homology to a DNA fragment according to the invention, no mention has been made of the polypeptide encoded by this cDNA having the ability to bind to IP3. This cDNA constitutes only a part of the DNA according to the invention. Maeda et al. purified a glycoprotein, P400, occurring specifically in mouse cerebellum Purkinje cells and having a molecular weight of 250 kilodaltons (Kd). They failed, however, to show that the protein was able to bind to IP3 [N. Maeda et al., Journal of Neurochemistry, 51, 1724 (1988)]. Previously, neither production, by means of recombinant DNA techniques, of a polypeptide capable of binding to IP3 nor determination of the primary sequence of such polypeptide or a gene coding therefor through analysis of such a gene has been reported.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide, in large quantities, a polypeptide capable of binding to IP3 and cells allowing the expression of such polypeptide, since such polypeptide and/or cells can be expected to be useful as a drug and/or diagnostic reagent and, furthermore, are possibly suitable in the screening and evaluation of novel drugs.

The present inventors succeeded in cloning, in Escherichia coli, a mouse cerebellum-derived cDNA coding for a polypeptide capable of binding to IP3 and in determining the entire base sequence of the cDNA. Thus they could determine the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide. They also constructed cells allowing high-level expression of this polypeptide. Further, they found a region in which a cDNA coding for a polypeptide capable of binding to IP3 derived from other animal species can be readily cloned. These successes have now led to completion of the present invention.

Thus this invention provides a polypeptide capable of binding to IP3, a DNA coding for said polypeptide, a recombinant plasmid containing said DNA as an insert, a microorganism or animal cell line harboring said plasmid, and a method of producing said polypeptide using said microorganism or animal cell line.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 shows a restriction enzyme map of the plasmid p.beta.act-C1.

FIGS. 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c) combined are the amino acid sequence of the IP3-binding polypeptide of the invention;

FIGS. 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c) combined are the DNA sequence coding for the peptide of FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The IP3-binding polypeptide according to the invention specifically has the amino acid sequence shown below in FIGS. 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c) or has at least 80%, desirably at least 85% and preferably at least 90% homology to amimo acid sequence of FIGS. 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c).

While the DNA according to the invention may be any of the DNAs coding for the polypeptide specified by the amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c), the DNA specified by the nucleotide sequence shown below in FIGS. 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c) is a preferred example.

The recombinant plasmid according to the invention comprises a DNA coding for the polypeptide specified by the amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c) and a vector DNA. The vector DNA to be used may be any vector DNA provided that the genetic information of the DNA inserted in the resulting recombinant plasmid can be expressed in cells and the desired polypeptide can be produced thereby in significant amounts. As a preferred example, there may be mentioned p.beta.act-CAT9 [N. Fregien et al., Gene, 48, 1 (1986)].

As a specific example of the recombinant plasmid, there may be mentioned p.beta.act-C1 described in Example 5. A strain of Escherichia coli harboring p.beta.act-C1, designated as Escherichia coli p.beta.actP400C1, has been deposited since Dec. 1, 1989 with the Fermentation Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Japan, under the accession number FERM BP-2668, in accordance with the Budapest Treaty.

The cells to be used in the practice of the invention may be either prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells provided that they can stably hold the recombinant plasmid introduced therein and the genetic information of the DNA insert can be expressed and the desired polypeptide produced in significant amounts. As the prokaryotic cells, there may be mentioned Escherichia coli, and Neurospora crassa, among others. As the eukaryotic cells, there may be mentioned Saccharomyces cerevisiae, NG108-15 cells, L cells, PC12 cells and NIH3T3 cells, for instance. Particularly, NG108-15 cells are preferred.

The above-mentioned DNA, recombinant plasmid and tranformant can be produced in the following manner.

1. Preparation of mouse cerebellum-derived cDNA library using .lambda.gt11

The cerebellum is isolated from mice of 2 to 3 weeks of age and immediately frozen. The frozen cerebellum is crushed and ribonucleotide, or ribonucleic acid (hereinafter referred to as "RNA", is extracted by the guanidinium-cesium chloride (CsCl) method [T. Maniatis et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 1982]. Then, poly (A).sup.+ RNA is purified by the oligo(dT)-cellulose method described in the reference cited above.

Then, the method of Gubler et al. [U. Gubler et al., Gene, 25, 263 (1982)] is used to prepare cDNA and prepare a cDNA library by introducing the cDNA into the vector .lambda.gt11 [T. V. Huynh et al., DNA Cloning Techniques, A Practical Approach, 49-78, IRL Press, Oxford, 1985].

It is preferable that, in the cDNA preparation mentioned above, the poly(A) RNA be gently placed on a 15% to 30% sucrose density gradient in a centrifuge tube and subjected to ultracentrifugation and a poly(A) RNA fraction with a sedimentation coefficient of not less than 23S be used so that a high-molecular-weight cDNA library can be constructed.

2. Cloning of cDNA for IP3-binding polypeptide

cDNA for the polypeptide having IP3-binding ability can be cloned from the cDNA library constructed as described above in section 1 by screening by the above-mentioned method of Huynh et al. using monoclonal antibodies, 10A6, 18A10 and 4C11, prepared against P400 [N. Maeda et al., Shinkei Kagaku (Bulletin of the Japanese Neurochemical Society), 27, 60 (1988)].

3. Construction of recombinant plasmid and of transformed cells

The thus-cloned cDNA for the IP3-binding polypeptide can be introduced into a vector enabling the expression of the polypeptide in animal cells, preferably the vector p.beta.act-CAT9 [N. Fregein et al., Gene, 48, 1 (1986)], whereby it becomes possible for the IP3-binding polypeptide to be expressed in animal cells.

The reaction conditions to be employed in the recombinant DNA techniques for the above-mentioned expression are generally as follows.

The digestion of DNA with a restriction enzyme is generally carried out using 0.1 to 20 .mu.g of DNA in a reaction solution containing 2 to 200 mM (preferably 10 to 40 mM) Tris-HCl buffer (pH 6.0 to 9.5, preferably 7.0 to 8.0), 0 to 200 mM NaCl and 2 to 20 mM (preferably 5 to 10 mM) MgCl.sub.2 in the presence of 0.1 to 100 units (preferably 1 to 3 units), per .mu.g of DNA, of the restriction enzyme at 20 to 70.degree. C. (the optimum temperature depending on the restriction enzyme used) for 15 minutes to 24 hours. The reaction is stopped generally by heating at 55 to 75.degree. C. for 5 to 30 minutes. The reaction may also be stopped by deactivating the enzyme using such a reagent as phenol or diethyl pyrocarbonate. DNA fragments produced by restriction enzyme digestion can be purified, for example by low gelation temperature agarose gel electrophoresis (LGT method)[L. Wieslander, Analytical Biochemistry, 98, 305 (1979)].

The ligation of DNA fragments is carried out in a reaction solution containing 2 to 200 mM (preferably 10 to 40 mM) Tris-HCl buffer (pH 6.1 to 9.5, preferably 7.0 to 8.0), 2 to 20 mM (preferably 5 to 10 mM) MgCl.sub.2, 0.1 to 10 mM (preferably 0.5 to 2.0 mM) ATP and 1 to 50 mM (preferably 5 to 10 mM) dithiothreitol (hereinafter referred to as "DTT") in the presence of 0.3 to 10 units of T4 DNA ligase at 1 to 37.degree. C. (preferably 3 to 20.degree. C.) for 15 minutes to 72 hours (preferably 2 to 20 hours).

For preparing a membrane fraction containing the expressed polypeptide from cultured transformant cells, cells cultured are recovered, washed with ice-cooled Tris-buffered physiological saline, suspended in ice-cooled buffer A containing 0.25M sucrose, 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (hereinafter referred to as "EDTA"), 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 0.01 mM pepstatin and 0.2 U/ml aprotinin, and homogenized by means of an ice-cooled glass-Teflon portable homogenizer (at 10 strokes at 1,000 rpm). Centrifugation is performed at about 3,000.times.g for 3 minutes at 2.degree. C. to thereby remove nuclei. The supernatant is further centrifuged at 10,000.times.g for 5 minutes at 2.degree. C., whereby a membrane fraction can be obtained as the sediment and a soluble fraction as the supernatant. The IP3-binding polypeptide can be recovered from the membrane fraction.

The following examples further illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLE 1

Construction of Mouse Cerebellum cDNA Library

(1) Preparation of mouse cerebellum-derived mRNA

The cerebella were excised from mice of 2 to 3 weeks of age and immediately frozen. One gram of the frozen cerebella was crushed and solubilized by addition of 10 ml of a solution containing 4M guanidine thiocyanate, 10 mM EDTA, 25 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4), 1% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol and 2% (v/v) sodium lauroylsarcosinate. The solubilization product was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at a low velocity (5,000 rpm, 15 minutes). The supernatant was layered onto 3 ml of a solution comprising 5.7M CsCl and 0.1M EDTA (pH 7.5) and centrifuged at 32,000 rpm and 20.degree. C. for 18 hours using a Hitachi model RPS-40T rotor, whereby an RNA fraction was recovered as the sediment. The RNA sediment was dissolved in 2 ml of a solution containing 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), 5 mM EDTA and 1% (v/v) sodium laurylsulfate. After extraction with phenol and chloroform, the RNA was recovered by precipitation with ethanol. One milligram of the RNA obtained was dissolved in 1 ml of a solution containing 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) and 1 mM EDTA. The solution was incubated at 65.degree. C. for 5 minutes and then 0.1 ml of 5M NaCl was added. The mixture was subjected to oligo(dT)-cellulose column (P-L Biochemicals) chromatography (column volume 0.5 ml). Elution of the poly(A)-containing RNA (mRNA) fraction adsorbed with a solution containing 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) and 1 mM EDTA gave about 100 .mu.g of mRNA.

(2) cDNA synthesis

About 10 .mu.g of the mRNA prepared as described above and 4 .mu.g of oligo (dT.sub.12-18) (Takara Shuzo) were dissolved in 98.4 .mu.l of a solution containing 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.3), 8 mM MgCl.sub.2, 30 mM KCl, 10 mM DTT, 1 mM each of dNTPs (dATP, dTTP, dGTP and dCTP), 10 .mu.Ci .alpha.-[.sup.32 P]dCTP and 60 units of ribonuclease inhibitor, 40 units of reverse transcriptase (Seikagaku Kogyo) was added, and incubation was conducted at 42.degree. C. for 3 hours for the synthesis of DNA complementary to the mRNA. The reaction mixture was extracted with phenol and chloroform and then subjected to precipitation with ethanol, whereby about 15 .mu.g of RNA-DNA double strands were recovered. The entire amount of the precipitate was dissolved in 95 .mu.l of a solution containing 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4), 5 mM MgCl.sub.2, 10 mM (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4, 5 .mu.g bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.1M KCl, 1 mM each of dNTPs (dATP, dTTP, dGTP and dCTP) and 1 .mu.Ci .alpha.-[.sup.32 P ]dCTP, 2 units of RNase H (Takara Shuzo) and 12 units of DNA polymerase I (Takara Shuzo) were added, and incubation was performed at 12.degree. C. for 1 hour and then further at an elevated temperature of 22.degree. C. for 1 hour for DNA-DNA double strand synthesis. The above reaction was stopped by adding EDTA and the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with phenol and chloroform and then to precipitation with ethanol, whereby about 10 .mu.g of a precipitate was recovered. To render the termini of the above double-stranded DNAs blunt, the whole amount of the precipitate was dissolved in 49 .mu.l of a solution containing 33 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.9), 66 mM potassium acetate, 10 mM magnesium acetate, 0.5 mM DTT, 5 .mu.g BSA and 0.1 mM each of dNTPs (dATP, dTTP, dGTP and dCTP), 4 units of T4 polymerase (Takara Shuzo) was added, and incubation was performed at 37.degree. C. for 30 minutes. Then, 2.4 units of DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment (Takara Shuzo) was added, and incubation was conducted at room temperature for 10 minutes. The reaction was stopped by addition of EDTA, which was followed by extraction with phenol and chloroform. Ethanol precipitation gave about 9 .mu.g of reaction product.

Then, for methylating the DNA double strands at the EcoRI (restriction enzyme) cleavage site, the whole amount of the above reaction product was dissolved in 49 .mu.l of a solution containing 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM DTT and 0.15 mM S-adenosyl-L-methionine, 100 units of EcoRI methylase (Takara Shuzo) was added, and incubation was performed at 37.degree. C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was extracted with phenol and chloroform, and the reaction product (about 7.5 .mu.g) was recovered by ethanol precipitation.

For joining an EcoRI linker to the reaction product, the whole amount of the above reaction product was dissolved in 37 .mu.l of a solution containing 66 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.6), 6.6 mM MgCl.sub.2, 10 mM DTT, 40 .mu.g EcoRI linker (Takara Shuzo) and 1 mM ATP, 1,050 units of T4 ligase (Takara Shuzo) was added, and incubation was performed at 12.degree. C. for 16 hours. NaCl was then added to a final concentration of 100 mM, incubation was performed at 65.degree. C. for 10 minutes, then 60 units of EcoRI (Takara Shuzo) was further added, and incubation was performed at 37.degree. C. for 2 hours. The reaction was stopped by adding EDTA, which was followed by extraction with phenol and chloroform. Ethanol precipitation gave about 6 .mu.g of the desired cDNA.

(3) Construction of .lambda.gt11 library

For inserting the above cDNA (with EcoRI linkers on both ends) into the .lambda.gt11 vector at the EcoRI cleavage site to give a cDNA library, the above-mentioned method of Huynh et al. [T. Huyunh et al., DNA Cloning Techniques, A Practical Approach, 49-78, IRL Press, Oxford (1985)] was used. Thus, the .lambda.gt11 vector (Promega) was cleaved with EcoRI and deprived of the phosphate residue from the cleavage site, and the above-mentioned cDNA was joined thereto at the EcoRI cleavage site. A .lambda.gt11 library was constructed by introducing the ligation mixture into a .lambda. phage packaging kit [Strategene's Giga Pack Gold].

EXAMPLE 2

Construction cDNA Library using High-Molecular-Weight RNA Fraction

A cDNA library was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a fraction consisting of molecules showing a sedimentation coefficient not smaller than 23S as obtained by further subjecting the mRNA used in Example 1 to sucrose density gradient centrifugation was used as a high-molecular-weight RNA fraction and that, in cDNA synthesis, a random hexamer mixture (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals) was used in lieu of oligo(dT).sub.12-18.

EXAMPLE 3

Cloning of cDNA for IP3-binding polypeptide

The high-molecular-weight RNA fraction-derived cDNA library prepared in Example 2 was subjected to screening by the method of Huynh et al. [T. Huynh et al., above] using three monoclonal antibodies, 10A6, 18A10 and 4C11, to IP3-binding P400 [N. Maeda et al., Shinkei kagaku (Bulletin of the Japanese Neurochemical Society), 27, 60 (1988)], followed by Western blot analysis, whereby five positive clones (23-2, 23-5, 23-9, 23-12S and 23-15) were selected out.

The cDNAs inserted in the .lambda. phage vectors were prepared from the above five clones in the conventional manner by preparing phages, extracting DNAs and digesting the DNAs with EcoRI. Using these as probes, the cDNA library constructed in Example 1 was screened by the plaque hybridization technique, whereby 75 positive clones, including 5T1, 3T5, 6T14, 10T5, 7T15, 2C2 and 1C5, were obtained. To determine the base sequences of the cDNA portions inserted in these positive clones, they were subcloned in pUC118 and pUC119 (Takara Shuzo).

EXAMPLE 4

Construction of cDNA Coding for Full Length Polypeptide According to Invention and Determination of Base Sequence Thereof

The base sequences of the cDNAs in the twelve clones 23-3, 23-5, 23-9, 23-12S, 23-15, 5T1, 3T5, 6T14, 10T5, 7T15, 2C2 and 1C5 obtained in Example 3 were determined by the method of Messing [J. Messing, Gene, 19, 269 (1982)]. By combining the base sequences thus found, the full length base sequence of the cDNA for the polypeptide according to the invention (FIGS. 3(a, 3(b) and 3(c)) and the entire amino acid sequence of said polypeptide (FIGS. 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c)) were determined. A unified cDNA was constructed from the above clones and inserted into pUC119 (Takara Shuzo). The resulting plasmid was named P400Cl.

EXAMPLE 5

Expression of Polypeptide According to Invention in NG108-15 cells

p.beta.act-CAT9 (5 .mu.g) was dissolved in 50 .mu.l of a solution containing 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), 7 mM MgCl.sub.2 and 60 mM NaCl, 20 units of HindIII (Takara Shuzo) was added, and incubation was performed at 37.degree. C. for 2 hours. The reaction was stopped by adding EDTA, the reaction mixture was extracted with phenol and chloroform, and DNA was recovered by ethanol precipitation. The whole amount of the reaction product (precipitate) was dissolved in 25 .mu.l of a solution containing 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgSO.sub.4, 0.1 mM DTT and 0.1 mM each of dNTPs (dATP, dTTP, dGTP and dCTP), 4 units of DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment (Takara Shuzo) was added, and incubation was performed at room temperature for 30 minutes to render p.beta.act-CAT9 blunt-ended at the HindIII cleavage site.

The above reaction was stopped by adding EDTA, which was followed by extraction with phenol and chloroform. The reaction product was recovered by ethanol precipitation and the whole amount thereof was dissolved in 50 .mu.l of a solution containing 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), 7 mM MgCl.sub.2, 100 mM KCl and 7 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. After adding 20 units of HpaI, the solution was incubated at 37.degree. C. for 2 hours. EDTA was then added to stop the reaction. After extraction with phenol and chloroform, the reaction product was recovered by precipitation with ethanol.

One microgram of the above reaction product was dissolved in 20 .mu.l of a solution containing 66 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.6), 17.5 pmol SalI linker (GGTCGACC: Takara Shuzo), 6.6 mM MgCl.sub.2, 10 mM DTT and 0.5 mM ATP, 300 units of T4 DNA ligase (Takara Shuzo) was added, and incubation was performed at 12.5.degree. C. for 16 hours. Then, NaCl was added to a final concentration of 150 mM, 50 units of SalI was added, and the reaction was performed at 37.degree. C. for 3 hours. The reaction was stopped by adding EDTA. Ethanol precipitation following phenol-chloroform extraction gave a vecter DNA for the expression of the polypeptide according to the invention.

Then, a SalI linker was added to the whole length cDNA for the polypeptide according to the invention as prepared in Example 4 at each end thereof in the same manner as described above and inserted into the vector prepared above at the SalI site thereof to give p.beta.act-C1.

The plasmid p.beta.act-C1 thus obtained was introduced into NG108-15 cells [T. Amano et al., Exp. Cell. Res., 85, 399-408 (1974)] by the conventional calcium phosphate method [M. Miura et al., Gene, 75, 31 (1989)]. The expression of the polypeptide according to the invention was confirmed in the transformed cells.

In accordance with the invention, the polypeptide capable of binding to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate can now be supplied economically in large quantities.

While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

Claims

1. An isolated deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) coding for a polypeptide which contains the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 1 and binds to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.

2. The DNA as claimed in claim 1, said DNA containing the nucleotide sequence shown in FIG. 3.

3. A recombinant plasmid which comprises a vector DNA and a DNA coding for a polypeptide which contains the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 2 and binds to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.

4. The recombinant plasmid as claimed in claim 3, wherein the DNA coding for the polypeptide is a DNA containing the nucleotide sequence shown in FIG. 3.

5. A cell harboring a recombinant plasmid comprising a vector DNA and a DNA coding for a polypeptide which contains the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 2 and binds to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.

6. The cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein the DNA coding for the polypeptide is a DNA containing the nucleotide sequence shown in FIG. 3.

7. The cell as claimed in claim 5, said cell being a microbial or an animal cell.