DONEPEZIL PAMOATE, PREPARATION METHODE AND ITS USE

Abstract
The composition containing a pamoate salt of donepezil, the method of preparation and the use thereof are disclosed.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to pamoate salts, and more particularly, to pamoate salts of donepezil, rivastigmine and memantine, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such salts, methods of preparing such salts, and methods of treating a subject in need thereof with such salts and compositions.


BACKGROUND

Polymeric extended release systems for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer's type have been described. However, such extended release devices tend to be costly to manufacture and difficult to produce. In addition, they typically provide for once-daily oral administration. Thus, there still exists a need for improved methods of delivering such agents which maximize the medical benefits of the active agent, can be administered more conveniently at a dosing interval longer than 24 hours, and can be produced in a more cost effective manner The chemical structure of donepezil is:




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The molecular weight of donepezil is 379.49, the melting point is 207° C., and the pKa is 9.1.


Donepezil has been successfully used in the treatment of dementia (a brain disorder that affects the ability to remember, think clearly, communicate, and perform daily activities and may cause changes in mood and personality) associated with Alzheimer's disease and is currently being marketed for that purpose. Such dementia patients are often non-compliant, making it difficult to assess whether or not a patient has received the proper dosage of medication. Applicants have discovered that it can be especially desired to formulate donepezil in a depot formulation or as an intramuscular formulation to assure consistent and proper dosage of the drug substance and to maximize the clinical benefits through improved patient compliance.


Donepezil is an organic weak base. In solution, it exists as the free base form at high pH (alkaline conditions). Aqueous solubility of donepezil increases with decreasing pH of the solution due to an increasing fraction of the drug being ionized. At high concentrations of the ionized drug (protonated amine), the solubility product of the salt (Ksp) will be exceeded and the salt form will precipitate out. The nature of the drug and counterion determine the Ksp and the associated solid state properties of the salt.


There are a wide range of counterions that have been used to prepare salts of bases using inorganic and organic acids. The most frequently used anion to form a salt of a basic drug is the hydrochloride form. For example, Aricept®, a commercial product of donepezil for oral administration, uses hydrochloride salt. Multiple organic salts of donepezil are also described in U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2008/0194628 by Mezei et al. These salts were prepared to improve stability, solubility or increased dissolution rate for oral administration. They possess desirable properties for immediate release dosage form. However, when extended release delivery of these salts are desired for a prolonged action, extended release technology using rate-controlling polymers are usually required as described in U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2011/0218216 by Vivek et al. and by P. Zhang et al, in Biomaterials (2007, 28 (10):1882-8). In addition, such extended release devices tend to be costly to manufacture and difficult to produce at commercial scale. Thus, there still exists a need for improved methods of delivering such agents which maximize the medical benefits of the active agent, can be administered significantly less frequently than the current 24-hour dosing interval and can be produced in a more cost effective manner.


The chemical structure of pamoic acid is:




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The molecular weight of pamoic acid is 388 g/mol, the pKa1 is 2.51, and pKa2 is 3.1.


It is known that the pH of muscle tissue can vary with exercise, stress, and injury which can affect drug solubility, and thus the rate of absorption of injectable drugs. Therefore, it is desirable to find an injectable extended release formulation in which the release rate of the active ingredient is minimally dependent on pH.


SUMMARY

The present invention is directed to a variety of solid state forms, namely, pamoate salts, and more particularly, to pamoate salts of donepezil, pamoate salts of rivastigmine and pamoate salts of memantine. In addition, the present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such salts, methods of preparing such salts, and methods of treating a subject or patient (such as a human) in need thereof with such salts and pharmaceutical compositions. The present invention also relates to the discovery that pamoate salts of donepezil provide a desirable long acting and/or extended release profile.


In an aspect, the disclosure provides novel pamoate salts of donepezil. In some aspects, the ratio of donepezil free base to pamoic acid is 1:1 (which is referred to herein as the mono-pamoate salt of donepezil). In some embodiments, the ratio of donepezil free base (2) to pamoic acid (1) is 2:1 (which is referred to herein as the semi-pamoate salt of donepezil). In some aspects, the salt is (1) crystalline, including anhydrous, hydrate, solvate forms and their polymorphs, or (2) amorphous. The above described salts are especially useful in preparing an extended release formulation (or composition) in which the release rate is minimally dependent on the pH of the environment.


In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil pamoate and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some aspects, the carrier is a viscous aqueous or nonaqueous carrier.


In further aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a pamoate salt of donepezil comprising treating or mixing of donepezil with pamoic acid or treating or mixing a donepezil salt with a pamoate salt in solvent.


In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating a subject having dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pamoate salt of donepezil and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a subject in need of treatment thereof. In some aspects, the composition is administered by injection. In some aspects, the composition is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously.


It has been discovered that a formulation (or composition) comprising a pamoate salt of donepezil as an active ingredient or active agent, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, can address the long felt need for a stable, pharmaceutically elegant formulation with a controllable release rate which may be useful as a depot formulation or for intramuscular or subcutaneous use.


In another aspect, the present invention relates to pamoate salts of rivastigmine. In some embodiments, the salt is (1) crystalline, including anhydrous, hydrate, solvate forms and their polymorphs, or (2) amorphous. In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing pamoate salts of rivastigmine and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In still yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating a subject having dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pamoate salt of rivastigmine and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a subject in need thereof. In some aspects, the composition is administered by injection. In some embodiments, the composition is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously.


In still yet another aspect, the present invention relates to pamoate salts of memantine. In some embodiments, the salt is (1) crystalline, including anhydrous, hydrate, solvate forms and their polymorphs, or (2) amorphous. In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing pamoate salts of memantine and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In still another aspect, In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating a subject having dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pamoate salt of memantine and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a patient in need thereof. In some aspects, the composition is administered by injection. In some embodiments, the composition is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS


FIGS. 1A and 1B depict two salt forms of donepezil pamoate, a 1:1 and 2:1 ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid, respectively.



FIG. 2 depicts the x-ray powder diffraction (“XRPD”) spectrum of donepezil pamoate (1:1 ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid) obtained from donepezil and pamoic acid in DMSO/water.



FIG. 3 depicts the XRPD spectrum of donepezil pamoate (2:1 ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid) obtained from donepezil and pamoic acid in DMSO/water.



FIG. 4 depicts the XRPD spectrum of donepezil pamoate (2:1 ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid) obtained from donepezil hydrochloride and disodium pamoate in water.



FIG. 5 depicts the XRPD spectrum of donepezil pamoate (1:1 ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid) obtained from donepezil hydrochloride and disodium pamoate in ethanol.



FIG. 6 depicts the differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of donepezil pamoate (1:1 and 2:1).



FIG. 7 depicts the thermogravimetric analysis thermograms of donepezil pamoate (1:1 and 2:1).



FIG. 8 depicts the NMR spectrum of donepezil pamoate (1:1 ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid) prepared in DMSO/water.



FIG. 9 depicts the NMR spectrum of donepezil pamoate (2:1 ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid) prepared in DMSO/water.



FIG. 10 depicts the NMR spectrum of donepezil pamoate (1:1 ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid) prepared in ethanol.



FIG. 11 depicts the mean plasma concentration of donepezil after a single dose (13.5 mg/kg) of an intramuscular injection of donepezil pamoate (2:1) suspension (n=5) and donepezil hydrochloride solution (n=5) in female rats respectively as shown in Example 7.



FIG. 12 depicts the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of donepezil pamoate hydrated form as described in Example 9.



FIG. 13 depicts the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of donepezil pamoate anhydrous form as described in Example 9.



FIG. 14 depicts an X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of rivastigmine pamoate salt as described in Example 10.



FIG. 15 depicts the differential calorimetry diagram for rivastigimine pamoate salt as described in Example 10.



FIG. 16 depicts the NMR spectra of rivastigmine pamoate salt as described in Example 10.



FIG. 17 depicts an X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of memantine pamoate salt as described in Example 11.



FIG. 18 depicts the differential calorimetry diagram for memantine pamoate salt as described in Example 11.



FIG. 19 depicts the NMR spectra of memantine pamoate salt as described in Example 11.





DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to solid state or solid forms of donepezil salts, wherein the salt is a pamoate salt. Among other advantages, pamoate salts of donepezil provide a desired long acting and/or extended release profile. Such pamoate salts of donepezil can be used to treat patients suffering from dementia, including, patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease.


Before a detailed explanation of the various aspects of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways.


It also is specifically understood that any numerical value recited herein includes all values from the lower value to the upper value, i.e., all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value enumerated are to be considered to be expressly stated in this application.


In one aspect, the invention includes pamoate salts of donepezil and compositions and formulations containing said pamoate salts. Preferably, the pamoate salt is characterized by a ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid of 1:1 or 2:1. The pamoate salt can be crystalline, anhydrous, hydrated, solvated, or amorphous.


In another aspect, the invention relates to crystalline pamoate salts of donepezil having or characterized by one or more of the following properties: (1) a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having main peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 21.1, 22.4, and 24.5±0.2 degrees 2-theta; (2) an X-ray power diffraction pattern substantially in accordance with that shown in FIG. 2; (3) a molar ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid of 1:1; and (4) combinations of (1), (2) or (3). Additionally, the crystalline pamoate salts of donepezil can further have or be characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in Table 1.


In yet another aspect, the invention relates to crystalline pamoate salts of donepezil having or characterized by one or more of the following properties: (1) a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having main peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 12.2, 19.2, 22.3 and 23.3±0.2 degrees 2-theta; (2) an X-ray power diffraction pattern substantially in accordance with that shown Figure; (3) a molar ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid of 2:1; and (4) combinations of (1), (2) or (3). Additionally, the crystalline pamoate salts of donepezil can further have or be characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in Table 2.


In yet another aspect, the invention relates to crystalline pamoate salts of donepezil having or characterized by one or more of the following properties: (1) a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having main peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 9.4, 14.8, and 17.8, 22.0 and 22.3±0.2 degrees 2-theta; (2) a molar ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid of 1:1; and (3) combinations of (1) or (2). Additionally, the crystalline pamoate salts of donepezil can further have or be characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in Table 3.


In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a form of a pamoate salt of donepezil selected from the group consisting of: (1) pamoate salt of donepezil Form A (also known as the “Hydrated Form”) having or characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having main peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 11.6, 12.3, 18.8, 19.3, 23.3, 24.6 and 27.3±0.2 degrees 2-theta; and (2) pamoate salt of donepezil Form B (also known as the “Anhydrous Form”) having or having or characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having main peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 6.3, 11.9, 14.0, 16.2, 20.4, 21.1 and 23.7±0.2 degrees 2-theta.


In another aspect, the present invention relates to a pamoate salt of donepzil Form A having or characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having main peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 11.6, 12.3, 18.8, 19.3, 23.3, 24.6 and 27.3±0.2 degrees 2-theta and further characterized by an x-ray diffraction pattern substantially in accordance with that shown in FIG. 12. Moreover, a pamoate salt of donepzil Form A (also known as the “Hydrated Form”) can further have or be characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in Table 5.


In another aspect, the present invention relates to a pamoate salt of donepzil Form B (also known as the “Anhydrous Form”) having or characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having main peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 6.3, 11.9, 14.0, 16.2, 20.4, 21.1 and 23.7±0.2 degrees 2-theta and further characterized by an x-ray diffraction pattern substantially in accordance with that shown in FIG. 13. Moreover, a pamoate salt of donepzil Form A can further have or be characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in Table 6.


The invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising pamoate salts of donepezil and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is an extended release formulation comprising pamoate salts of donepezil and a polymer. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a viscous aqueous or nonaqueous fluid. In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition releases an effective amount of the active agent (pamoate salt of donepezil) over a period of at least about 24 hours or at least about 48 hours. In another preferred embodiment, the active agent in the pharmaceutical composition has a duration of efficacy of at least about 7 days or at least about 14 days.


The invention further relates to methods of treating a subject, such as a warm blood mammal (such as a human patient or subject), in need of treatment thereof. The method comprises the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pamoate salt of donepezil and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.


With respect to the chemical structure of pamoic acid, both carboxylic counter ions can form salt with the tertiary amine of donepezil, resulting in a ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid of 1:1 or 2:1, such as described in the FIG. 1.


It has been discovered that the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of donepezil formed using pamoic acid as a counterion surprisingly exhibit very low solubility (Ksp). This low solubility is highly desirable when used in a pharmaceutical composition to provide for extended release of the pamoate salt of donepezil when administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include various pharmaceutical dosage forms for purposes of administration to a subject (such as a warm blooded mammal, such as a human) in need of treatment thereof. To prepare the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more pamoate salts of donepezil (as the active ingredient or active agent) are combined with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The pharmaceutically acceptable excipients used are not critical, are well known in the art, and may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration. These pharmaceutical compositions are desirably in unitary dosage form suitable for administration.


Administration of the compositions of the present invention can be parenterally, such as by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection or implantation. For administration, the pamoate salts of donepezil can be suspended in an aqueous solvent, which may further comprise a wetting agent, such as the polyoxyethylene derivatives of sorbitan esters, e.g. polysorbate 80 (Tween® 80) and polysorbate 20 (Tween® 20), lecithin, polyoxyethylene- and polyoxypropylene ethers, sodium deoxycholate, and the like; a suspending agent such as a cellulose derivate, e.g. methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginates, chitosan, dextran, gelatin, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyethylene- and polyoxypropylene ethers and the like; an acid, e.g. hydrochloric acid, and the like; a base, e.g. sodium hydroxide, and the like; a buffer comprising a mixture of appropriate amounts of an acid such as phosphoric, succinic, tartaric, lactic, acetic, maleic or citric acid, and a base, in particular sodium hydroxide or disodium hydrogen phosphate; a preservative, e.g. benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, chlorbutol, a gallate, a hydroxybenzoate, EDTA, phenol, chlorocresol, metacresol, benzothonium chloride, myristyl-γ-piccolinium chloride, phenylmercuri acetate, thimerosal and the like; a tonicity adjusting agent, e.g. sodium chloride, dextrose, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, sodium sulfate, and the like. Alternatively, the pamoate salts of donepezil may be formulated in one or more oils. Appropriate oils that can be used include fixed oils, for example, peanut oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, safflower oil, castor oil, ethyloleate, soybean oil, synthetic glycerol esters of long chain fatty or medium chain acids and mixtures of these and other oils. Also, thickening agents may be added to the composition, e.g. aluminum monostearate, ethylcellulose, triglycerides, hydrogenated castor oil, and the like.


In view of the usefulness of the pamoate salts of donepezil in the treatment of dementia of Alzheimer type diseases, it is evident that the present invention further provides a method of treating warm-blooded mammals (such as humans), suffering from Alzheimer's diseases. Such a method comprises the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical acceptable composition comprising at least one pamoate salt of donepezil (also more generally referred to as the “active agent” herein) as described herein with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.


The pharmaceutically acceptable composition can be administered to a subject in need of treatment thereof as a long acting composition. In one aspect, the active agent is released from the composition over a period of at least about 24 hours, preferably about 48 hours. The active agent can also be administered in an extended release composition. In one aspect, the extended release composition releases the active agent over a period of at least about 7 days, preferably at least about 14 days, alternatively for at least 2, 3, 4, 6 or 8 weeks. The composition can be administered by injection, such as intramuscularly or subcutaneously. In one aspect, the compositions can be administered as a single or sole dose. However, the compositions described herein are particularly beneficial for those subjects in need of treatment thereof that require constant or chronic therapy, such as those subjects that receive repeated doses over several weeks or months or more. In such dosing regimens, the method can comprise the steps of: (1) administering as first dose an first extended release composition containing the pamoate salts of donepezil as described herein followed by (2) administering as a second dose (and as subsequence doses if necessary), a second extended release composition. The second extended release composition can be the same, substantially the same or different than the first extended release composition. Specifically, the second extended release composition can include as the active agent the pamoate salts of donepezil as described herein or an active agent that is other than the pamoate salts of donepezil as described herein. The second composition can be administered at about 7 days, or more, such as at least about 14 days, or at least about 17 days, after the first administration of the first extended release composition, where the first administration results in the release of active agent for a period of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 days, or more.


As used herein, the term “individual”, “subject” or “patient” refers to a warm blooded animal which is afflicted with a particular disease state. Warm blooded animals include mammals, such as humans.


The term “therapeutically effective amount” is defined as an amount resulting in the improvement of any parameters or clinical symptoms. The actual dose may vary with each patient and does not necessarily indicate a total elimination of all disease symptoms. A therapeutically effective amount of the compound used in the methods described herein can be readily determined by one skilled in the art, such as an attending physician, by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances and by using conventional techniques. In determining the therapeutically effective dose, the attending physician considers a number of factors, including, but not limited to: the species of mammal; its size, age, and general health; the specific disease involved; the degree of involvement or the severity of the disease; the response of the individual patient; the particular compound administered; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristic of the preparation administered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitant medication; and other relevant circumstances.


Preferred amounts and modes of administration can be readily be determined by one skilled in the art depending upon the particular characteristics of the compound selected, the disease state to be treated, the stage of the disease, and other relevant circumstances using formulation technology known in the art, described for example in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, latest edition, Mack Publishing Co.


Pharmaceutical compositions can be manufactured utilizing routine techniques known in the art. Typically a therapeutically effective amount of the compound (salt) will be combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.


The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered parenterally. For instance, they can be administered by injection. Preferred methods of parenteral administration include intramuscular and subcutaneous injection.


For parenteral administration, the compounds (salt) may be dissolved in a physiologically acceptable pharmaceutical carrier and administered as either a solution or a suspension. Viscous injectable carriers are preferred, having for example, a viscosity of at least 20 cp at 20° C. In other embodiments, the fluid phase of the suspension has a viscosity at 20° C. of at least about 30 cp, 40 cp, 50 cp, and 60 cp. The composition can also comprise a viscosity enhancing agent, a density enhancing agent, a tonicity enhancing agent, and/or a wetting agent. Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include water, saline, dextrose solutions, fructose solutions, ethanol, or oils of animal, vegetative, or synthetic origin. The pharmaceutical carrier may also contain preservatives, and buffers as are known in the art.


When the composition is to be used as an injectable material, including, but not limited to, needle-less injection, it can be formulated into a conventional injectable carrier. Suitable carriers include biocompatible and pharmaceutically acceptable solutions, emulsions or suspensions.


In another embodiment, the formulation can be surgically implanted. Such formulations can include any of the well-known biodegradable and bioerodable carriers, such as polylactides, poly-lactide-co-glycolides and collagen formulations. Such materials may be in the form of solid implants, sponges, and the like. In any event, for local use of the materials, the active ingredients usually are present in the carrier or excipient in a weight ratio of from about 1:1000 to 1:20,000, but are not limited to ratios within this range.


The present invention also relates to methods of making pamoate salts of donepezil. Specifically, pamoate salts of donepezil can be prepared in a variety of different ways. For example, in one aspect, pamoate salts of donepezil can be prepared directly by treating or mixing donepezil (such as a free base) with pamoic acid in a solvent (such as water, ethanol or DMSO). In another aspect, pamoate salts of donepezil can be prepared by treating or mixing a donepezil salt (such as a hydrochloride salt) with a pamoate salt (such as disodium pamoate) in one or more solvents. For example, donepezil pamoate can be prepared by adding a solution of disodium pamoate, or other pamoate salt in an appropriate solvent, such as water, to a solution of donepezil hydrochloride and leaving the solution to stir for a period of time, such as, for example, about 3 hours, until precipitation occurs. Alternatively, other methods such as evaporation, slurry, anti-solvent, cooling and hydration can also be used to precipitate the salt.


Pamoate salts can also be formed with Rivastigmine (Exelon), Galantamine (Razadyne), Tacrine (Cognex); and Memantine (Namenda), besides Donepezil (Aricept), which are the drugs approved for the treatment of the cognitive symptoms (memory loss, confusion, and problems with thinking and reasoning) of Alzheimer's disease.


In another aspect, the present invention relates to a solid state form of a rivastigmine salt, wherein the salt is a pamoate salt. The pamoate salt can be crystalline, anhydrous, hydrated, solvated, or amorphous. In yet another aspect, the invention relates to crystalline pamoate salts of rivastigmine having or characterized by one or more of the following properties: (1) a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having main peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 9.8, 19.0, 23.0, 26.8, 36.8 and 37.0±0.2 degrees 2-theta; (2) an X-ray power diffraction pattern substantially in accordance with that shown in FIGS. 14; and (3) combinations of (1) and (2). Additionally, the crystalline pamoate salts of rivastigmine can further have or be characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in Table 7. In still yet another aspect, the present invention also relates to compositions containing the above described pamoate salts of rivastigmine and pharmaceutical compositions containing said compositions and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.


In still another aspect, the present invention relates to a solid state form of a memantine salt, wherein the salt is a pamoate salt. The pamoate salt can be crystalline, anhydrous, hydrated, solvated, or amorphous. In yet another aspect, the invention relates to crystalline pamoate salts of memantine having or characterized by one or more of the following properties: (1) a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having main peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 7.6, 12.7, 13.2, 18.3, 19.3 and 31.8±0.2 degrees 2-theta; (2) an X-ray power diffraction pattern substantially in accordance with that shown in FIGS. 17; and (3) combinations of (1) and (2). Additionally, the crystalline pamoate salts of memantine can further have or be characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in Table 8. In still yet another aspect, the present invention also relates to compositions containing the above described pamoate salts of memantine and pharmaceutical compositions containing said compositions and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.


The following examples are intended to illustrate and not to limit the scope of the present invention.


EXAMPLES
Example 1: Making Donepezil Pamoate at a 1:1 Molar Ratio of Donepezil to Pamoic Acid from DMSO/Water (Mono-Pamoate Salt of Donepezil)

796 mg of donepezil free base and 776 mg of pamoic acid were dissolved in 6 ml of DMSO and stirred for 7 hours at room temperature. 30 ml of water were added to precipitate the solids. The solids were filtered and dried at 40-60° C. to yield donepezil pamoate at a 1:1 molar ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid.


X-ray powder diffraction (“XRPD”) patterns of above solids were obtained using a Bruker D8 Advance x-ray powder diffractometer with copper Kα radiation at a wavelength of 1.5406 Å. Instrumental conditions included a step size of 0.02°/step, a scan rate of 0.2 seconds/step, a 2-theta range of 3 to 40 degrees, a voltage of 40 kV, a current of 40 mA, and a Lynxeye detector. Samples were packed into recessed sample holders for analysis. A typical example of an x-ray diffraction pattern for an Example 1 salt is shown in FIG. 2. Table 1 sets forth the x-ray diffraction data wherein d(A) represents the interplanar spacing and I % represents the typical relative intensities. The key peaks are bolded and underlined in Table 1.
















TABLE 1







2-Theta
d(A)
I %
2-Theta
d(A)
I %























5.859
15.0711
33.2

custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




6.322
13.968
12.1
21.993
4.0383
16.9



9.601
9.2045
63.1

custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




11.123
7.9479
26.8
23.274
3.8188
39.4



11.582
7.6338
22.6
23.577
3.7703
17.5



11.809
7.4881
30.4

custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




12.231
7.2302
11.8
25.237
3.526
12.9



13.109
6.7483
27.5
25.733
3.4592
26.9



14.538
6.088
33.1
27.277
3.2668
11



15.262
5.8006
23
27.619
3.227
9.2



16.218
5.4609
7.8
28.417
3.1382
6.1



16.843
5.2597
6.1
28.879
3.0891
6.5



17.305
5.12
35.4
29.793
2.9963
11.2



17.871
4.9593
14.4
30.405
2.9375
14.1



19.191
4.6211
25.7
30.674
2.9122
7.3



19.459
4.558
10.3
31.108
2.8726
12.7



20.125
4.4087
34.4
37.959
2.3684
7



20.698
4.2879
37.7













Example 2: Making Donepezil Pamoate at a 2:1 Molar Ratio of Donepezil to Pamoic Acid from DMSO/Water System (Semi-Pamoate Salt of Donepezil)

1554 mg of donepezil free base and 776 mg of pamoic acid were dissolved in 6 ml of DMSO and stirred for 5 hours at room temperature. 30 ml of water were added to precipitate the solids. The solids were filtered and dried at 40-50° C. to yield donepezil pamoate at a 2:1 molar ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid. A typical example of an x-ray diffraction pattern for an Example 2 salt is shown in FIG. 3 and the interplanar spacing and typical relative intensities are set forth in Table 2. The key peaks are bolded and underlined in Table 2.














TABLE 2





2-Theta
d(A)
I %
2-Theta
d(A)
I %




















6.13
14.4053
20.8
18.201
4.87
9


8.53
10.3574
18.9
18.81
4.7138
24.8


9.371
9.4302
5.4

custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



9.656
9.1518
6.2
19.973
4.4418
36.2


10.341
8.5469
6.5
20.334
4.3638
14.9


11.562
7.647
100

custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character

21.728
4.0868
15.2


13.298
6.6524
18.3
22.431
3.9604
9.9


13.754
6.4329
25.7

custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



15.206
5.822
28.8
23.52
3.7793
22


15.74
5.6255
21.8
24.169
3.6793
12.8


16.269
5.4436
28.8
24.531
3.6259
24.5


16.865
5.2527
25.6
27.221
3.2733
18.9


17.132
5.1714
14.3
27.601
3.2292
36.7


17.913
4.9478
18.3









Example 3: Making Donepezil Pamoate at a 1:1 Molar Ratio of Donepezil to Pamoic Acid from Donepezil Hydrochloride and Disodium Pamoate in Water. (Semi-Pamoate Salt of Donepezil)

23.2 mg of donepezil hydrochloride were dissolved in 0.8 ml of water. 22.5 mg of disodium pamoate were dissolved in 2 ml of water. The disodium pamoate solution was added dropwise to the donepezil hydrochloride solution. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature and filtered. The solids were vacuum dried at 50° C. to yield donepezil pamoate at a 1:1 molar ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid.


The XRPD pattern of an Example 3 salt is shown in FIG. 4.


Example 4: Making Donepezil Pamoate at a 2:1 Molar Ratio of Donepezil to Pamoic Acid from Donepezil Hydrochloride and Disodium Pamoate in Water (Semi-Pamoate Salt of Donepezil)

2081 mg of donepezil hydrochloride were dissolved in 30 ml of water. 1075 mg of disodium pamoate were dissolved in 6 ml of water. The disodium pamoate solution was added dropwise to the donepezil hydrochloride solution and 40 ml of water were added to the mixed solution. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature and filtered. The solids were vacuum dried at 50° C. to yield donepezil pamoate at a 2:1 molar ratio of donepezil to pamoic acid.


Example 5: Making 1:1 Molar Ratio of Donepezil to Pamoic Acid from Donepezil Hydrochloride and Disodium Pamoate in Ethanol (Mono-Pamoate Salt of Donepezil)

23.02 mg of donepezil hydrochloride salt was dissolved in 0.8 ml of ethanol; 22.98 mg of disodium pamoate was dissolved in 2 ml of ethanol. The two ethanol solutions were combined, stirred overnight, filtered and vacuum dried at 50° C. to yield 1:1 donepezil pamoate.


The XRPD pattern of an Example 5 salt is shown in FIG. 5. It is different from the XRPD patterns shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. The interplanar spacing and intensity represents the typical relative intensities as set forth in Table 3. It was found that the solids obtained from this process converted to solids with the same XRPD pattern in FIG. 3 following reformation of a slurry in water. The key peaks are bolded and underlined in Table 3.














TABLE 3





2-Theta
d(A)
I %
2-Theta
d(A)
I %




















6.625
13.3308
43
23.061
3.8535
74.4


7.497
11.7824
32.5
23.994
3.7057
5.9


7.993
11.0526
70.7
24.261
3.6656
9.2



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character

24.664
3.6066
23.1


9.993
8.844
17.1
25.083
3.5473
16.3


11.981
7.3807
24.6
26.497
3.3611
10.9


12.231
7.2306
25.5
27.048
3.2939
23.5


13.338
6.6326
11
27.447
3.2469
20.2


13.64
6.4864
26
29.296
3.046
24



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character

29.987
2.9774
6.8


15.683
5.646
27.5
30.769
2.9035
9.7


16.121
5.4934
68.8
31.759
2.8152
12.5


16.767
5.2831
33.5
32.537
2.7497
5.3



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character

33.855
2.6455
7.9


18.274
4.8509
22.5
35.721
2.5115
5.6


19.019
4.6623
76.3
36.587
2.454
4.8


19.895
4.459
35.5
37.309
2.4082
6.3


21.118
4.2035
63.3
37.996
2.3662
5.7



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character

39.024
2.3062
8.8



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character










Example 6: Characterization of Donepezil Pamoates by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)

Donepezil pamoates (1:1 and 2:1) were analyzed using DSC, TGA and NMR. The DSC and TGA thermograms are shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, respectively, indicating the existence of hydrates or solvates and presence of different crystal forms (polymorphic Form A and Form B).


The NMR spectra are provided in FIGS. 8-10. FIG. 8 is the NMR spectrum of the 1:1 salt prepared in DMSO/water (XRPD Pattern with d spacing as shown in Table 1). The molar ratio of donepezil to pamoate was approximately 1:1 measured from proton integration of the 1H NMR spectrum. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) chemical shifts were recorded at (all values in ppm) 8.34 (s, 2H), 8.18 (d, 2H), 7.76 (d, 2H), 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.47 (m, 3H), 7.25 (t, 2H), 7.11 (t, 3H), 7.04 (s, 2H), 4.76 (s, 2H), 4.31 (s, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 2.92 (m, 2H), 2.62 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.30 (m, 9H). FIG. 9 is the NMR spectrum of the 2:1 salt prepared in DMSO/water (XRPD Pattern with d spacing as shown in Table 2). The molar ratio of donepezil to pamoate was approximately 2:1 measured from proton integration of the 1H NMR spectrum. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) chemical shifts were recorded at (in ppm) 8.21 (m, 4H), 7.67 (d, 2H), 7.75-7.44 (m, 10H), 7.15 (t, 2H), 7.02 (m, 6H), 4.71 (s, 2H), 4.21 (s, 4H), 3.85 (s, 6H), 3.78 (s, 6H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 2.81 (m, 4H), 2.61 (m, 4H), 1.94-1.30 (m, 18H). FIG. 10 is the NMR spectrum of the 1:1 salt prepared in ethanol (XRPD Pattern with d spacing as shown in Table 3). The molar ratio of donepezil to pamoate was approximately 1:1 measured from proton integration of the 1H NMR spectrum. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) chemical shifts were recorded at (in ppm) 8.21 (m, 4H), 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.43 (m, 3H), 7.14 (t, 2H), 7.03 (m, 4H), 4.70 (s, 2H), 4.19 (s, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.78 (m, 2H), 2.62 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.27 (m, 9H).


Example 7: A Comparison of In Vivo Absorption of Donepezil Pamoate in Rats Following a Single Intramuscular Dose with Donepezil Pamoate (2:1)

Physicochemical characterization studies have showed that donepezil pamoate (2:1) is the most stable form of donepezil pamoate salt. Therefore, a pharmacokinetic study was performed in rat model to evaluate in vivo absorption characteristics of the donepezil pamoate (2:1) following a single dose intramuscular administration using donepezil hydrochloride solution as a reference. Ten (10) female rats that weighed 300±30 grams were randomly divided into 2 groups of 5 rats each. Donepezil pamoate (2:1) suspension and donepezil hydrochloride solution were administered to each group, respectively, through intramuscular (IM) injection into the rear legs at a dose of 13.5 mg/kg (in donepezil). In the pharmacokinetic study, donepezil hydrochloride solution were prepared using saline solution, donepezil pamoate (2:1) is suspended using the diluent which is composed of carboxymethylcellulose sodium, mannitol, polysorbate 80, sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment, and water for injection. Blood samples were collected and transferred into tubes containing anticoagulant, heparin. The plasma samples are separated into labeled tubes and stored frozen at −20° C. until they were analyzed using a HPLC-MS method. 500 μL of blood was drawn for each time point. The time intervals selected to obtain plasma samples were 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours, for the donepezil hydrochloride solution injection and 30 minutes, 90 minutes, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 56 hours, 72 hours, 144 hours, 192 hours, 288 hours and 336 hours for the Donepezil pamoate (2:1) suspension injection, respectively.


The results are shown in FIG. 11. Specifically, FIG. 11 demonstrates that donepezil hydrochloride salt solution is rapidly absorbed and then eliminated after a single intramuscular injection. In contrast, after a single intramuscular injection of the donepezil pamoate (2.1), a sustained level of donepezil plasma concentrations was maintained following an initial faster absorption within the first hour thereby demonstrating that extended release of donepezil was achieved using donepezil pamoate.


Example 8: Summary of Donepezil Pamoate Salt Screen with Different Solvent Systems

This example provides a summary of the donepezil pamoate salt screens described in the above examples. The inventors found that the solvent to prepare the salt was important as many salts did not work for salt formation.


When ethanol (the amount of ethanol that can be used is enough to dissolve the donepezil free base; in fact, the ratio of free base to ethanol can be as high as 5:1 free base to ethanol) and pamoic acid (the acid to ethanol ratio can be as high as 10:1 pamoic acid to ethanol), are used as solvent system for salt formation, a mono-pamoate salt of donepezil is obtained exclusively regardless of the ratio of the free base of donepezil and pamoic acid used.


When DMSO and water is used as solvent system for salt formation, a mono-pamoate salt is obtained if a 1:1 ratio of the free base of donepezil and pamoic acid is used and a semi-pamoate salt of the product is obtained if a 2:1 ratio of the free base of donepezil and pamoic acid is used.


When water (the ratio of free base to water that can be used is 70:1 and the ratio of the acid to water is about 180:1) is used as solvent system for salt formation, a semi-pamoate salt of donepezil is the only product obtained when a 1:1 or 2:1 ratio of the free base of donepezil and pamoic acid is used.


Table 4 below describes the various solvents that can be used to obtain pamoate salts of donepezil.











TABLE 4






Ratio of free base




of donepezil



Solvent
to pamoic acid
Salt obtained







Ethanol
1:1 and 2:1
Mono-pamoate is obtained




only


DMSO and water
1:1
Mono-pamoate of donepezil


DMSO and water
2:1
Semi-pamoate of donepezil


Water alone
1:1 or 2:1
Semi-pamoate salt of




donepezil is obtained only









All pamoate salts obtained using the above solvent systems contain about 4-9% (by weight) of water content based on loss on dry studies. The donepezil pamoate salt (hydrated, 2:1 ratio) is the most stable salt. When this hydrated salt is heated at an elevated temperature (such as up to 120° C.) it will convert to the anhydrous form which is not stable. At this point, the anhydrous form will absorb moisture from the atmosphere and gradually convert back to the hydrate form.


Example 9: Polymorph Studies

2080 mg of donepezil HCl is weighed and dissolved in 30 mL of water while stirring to provide Solution A. 1075 mg of pamoate disodium is weighed and dissolved in 6 mL of water while stirring to provide Solution B. Solution A is added into Solution B to which 40 mL of water was added. The resulting solution was stirred for at least 3 hours before being filtered. The solid material obtained from filtration is dried under vacuum to yield Donepezil pamoate salt. The X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry and H-studies of this salt identified this salt as “Hydrated Form”. The hydrated salt can be converted into another polymorphic form (designated as “Anhydrous Form”) when dried at 120° C. The X-ray powder diffraction data for Hydrated (Also referred to as “Form A” herein) and Anhydrous Forms (Also referred to as “Form B” herein) are shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. The Hydrated Form is characterized with X-ray powder diffraction as shown in FIG. 12. The X-ray powder diffraction data is also shown below in Table 5. The key peaks are bolded and underlined in Table 5.
















TABLE 5







2-Theta
d
Height
I %
Area
I%























6.183
14.2818
605
16.9
9294
15.6



8.606
10.266
682
19.1
8941
15



9.446
9.3545
197
5.5
3498
5.9



9.706
9.1052
223
6.2
3479
5.8



10.425
8.4786
207
5.8
2887
4.9




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character





custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




13.354
6.625
797
22.3
15340
25.8



13.812
6.4059
1112
31.1
19587
32.9



15.274
5.7961
1110
31.1
12662
21.3



15.814
5.5992
810
22.7
11667
19.6



16.296
5.4348
1198
33.5
15006
25.2



16.936
5.2308
971
27.2
19618
33



17.216
5.1464
578
16.2
12703
21.3



17.978
4.9301
694
19.4
9583
16.1




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character





custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




20.041
4.4269
1512
42.3
30683
51.6



21.301
4.1677
2375
66.5
44297
74.4



21.802
4.0732
647
18.1
13745
23.1



22.503
3.9478
504
14.1
8412
14.1




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




23.583
3.7694
1098
30.7
34544
58




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




24.644
3.6094
1403
39.3
34239
57.5



25.308
3.5162
292
8.2
5300
8.9



26.426
3.3699
261
7.3
2243
3.8




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




27.67
3.2213
2016
56.4
59519
100



29.152
3.0607
193
5.4
5352
9



29.772
2.9984
173
4.8
3892
6.5



30.675
2.9122
176
4.9
3910
6.6



31.133
2.8704
237
6.6
4714
7.9



31.955
2.7984
204
5.7
5324
8.9



32.378
2.7628
133
3.7
4691
7.9



32.949
2.7162
84
2.4
566
1



33.458
2.676
216
6
3508
5.9



34.601
2.5902
171
4.8
3235
5.4



36.138
2.4835
296
8.3
6286
10.6



37.426
2.4009
101
2.8
860
1.4



38.329
2.3464
98
2.7
1792
3










The Anhydrous Form is characterized with X-ray powder diffraction as shown in FIG. 13. The X-ray powder diffraction data is also shown below in Table 6. The key peaks are bolded and underlined in Table 6.














TABLE 6





2-Theta
d
Height
I %
Area
I %








custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



8.484
10.4131
264
23.4
3600
19.5


9.23
9.5737
246
21.8
2083
11.3


9.851
8.9711
138
12.3
2478
13.4


10.386
8.51
215
19.1
3508
19



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



12.724
6.9512
112
9.9
891
4.8



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



14.211
6.227
209
18.6
6470
35


14.833
5.9675
201
17.9
1980
10.7


15.452
5.7297
175
15.5
1302
7



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



16.811
5.2695
138
12.3
621
3.4


17.196
5.1523
169
15
3960
21.4


17.638
5.0242
158
14
3390
18.3


18.225
4.8637
88
7.8
1884
10.2


18.479
4.7975
96
8.5
1878
10.1


19.716
4.499
373
33.1
4130
22.3



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



22.226
3.9964
123
10.9
2750
14.9


22.583
3.9339
126
11.2
2755
14.9



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



24.185
3.677
211
18.7
5368
29


24.907
3.572
157
13.9
1194
6.5


25.93
3.4333
86
7.6
1507
8.1


27.99
3.1851
125
11.1
3291
17.8


28.593
3.1194
108
9.6
756
4.1









Example 10: Preparation of Rivastigmine Pamoate Salt

A solution of 20 mg of rivastigmine tartrate in 0.25 mL ethanol was added to a solution of 20 mg of pamoate disodium salt in 0.25 mL ethanol. The resulting solution was stirred for 4 hours and then centrifuged. The wet product was dried at 60° C. under vacuum to yield a Rivastigamine pamoate salt (1:1 ratio). The salt is characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and NMR as shown in FIGS. 14-16. The X-ray powder diffraction data is also shown below in Table 7. The key peaks are bolded and underlined in Table 7.














TABLE 7





2-Theta
d
Height
I %
Area
I %




















4.756
18.5639
239
7.8
2036
9.1



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



11.965
7.3906
220
7.2
1489
6.6


14.334
6.1738
302
9.9
2384
10.6


15.546
5.6952
873
28.7
6489
28.9



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



19.707
4.5011
821
27
7558
33.7


20.773
4.2724
637
20.9
5831
26


22.221
3.9972
103
3.4
1046
4.7



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



23.939
3.7142
118
3.9
1898
8.5


24.168
3.6795
82
2.7
2194
9.8


24.55
3.6231
705
23.1
6215
27.7


25.563
3.4818
428
14.1
6626
29.5


25.907
3.4363
383
12.6
4060
18.1


26.396
3.3738
81
2.7
658
2.9


26.725
3.3329
536
17.6
4835
21.5


28.841
3.093
283
9.3
3277
14.6


29.697
3.0058
77
2.5
958
4.3


29.91
2.9849
177
5.8
2675
11.9


30.179
2.9589
345
11.3
3663
16.3


31.28
2.8572
697
22.9
5959
26.6


32.007
2.7939
840
27.6
7422
33.1


33.384
2.6818
132
4.3
1242
5.5


33.607
2.6645
186
6.1
3699
16.5


34.143
2.6239
285
9.4
4799
21.4


34.849
2.5723
115
3.8
963
4.3


35.426
2.5317
75
2.5
716
3.2


36.278
2.4742
503
16.5
6085
27.1



custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character



37.442
2.3999
70
2.3
292
1.3


38.396
2.3425
90
3
870
3.9


38.889
2.3139
427
14
6105
27.2


39.279
2.2918
155
5.1
1435
6.4


39.901
2.2575
23
0.8
−230
−1









Example 11: Preparation of Memantine Pamoate Salt

A solution of 22 mg of memantine hydrochloride in 0.25 mL ethanol was added to a solution of 39 mg of pamoate disodium salt in 0.25 mL ethanol. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours and then centrifuged. The wet product obtained was dried at 60° C. under the vacuum to yield memantine pamoate salt (1:1 ratio). The salt is characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and NMR as shown in FIGS. 17-19. The X-ray powder diffraction data is also shown below in Table 8. The key peaks are bolded and underlined in Table 8.
















TABLE 8







2-Theta
d
Height
I %
Area
I %























5.217
16.9248
117
2.3
1668
4.2




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




8.381
10.5414
370
7.4
2170
5.4



11.066
7.9886
1360
27.2
9847
24.5



11.836
7.4705
310
6.2
2013
5




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character





custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




14.043
6.3013
728
14.5
4119
10.3



15.222
5.8156
689
13.8
5442
13.6



16.232
5.4562
417
8.3
3323
8.3



16.768
5.2828
2267
45.3
19323
48.1




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character





custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




19.627
4.5194
720
14.4
5871
14.6



20.135
4.4064
161
3.2
1233
3.1



20.506
4.3275
708
14.1
5723
14.3



20.973
4.2321
81
1.6
195
0.5



21.388
4.1511
357
7.1
2768
6.9



22.151
4.0098
518
10.3
4298
10.7



22.681
3.9172
1087
21.7
9862
24.6



22.966
3.8693
701
14
6183
15.4



23.427
3.7942
57
1.1
−227
−0.6



24.138
3.684
249
5
1989
5



24.952
3.5656
279
5.6
2774
6.9



25.595
3.4774
190
3.8
1716
4.3



25.884
3.4393
61
1.2
600
1.5



26.305
3.3852
107
2.1
1193
3



26.588
3.3497
523
10.4
6016
15



26.99
3.3008
461
9.2
5102
12.7



27.45
3.2466
245
4.9
2441
6.1



28.219
3.1598
100
2
1313
3.3



28.834
3.0938
53
1.1
194
0.5



29.473
3.0281
108
2.2
1179
2.9



29.828
2.993
118
2.4
936
2.3



30.142
2.9624
140
2.8
2145
5.3



30.367
2.941
82
1.6
1452
3.6



30.976
2.8846
204
4.1
1994
5




custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character


custom-character




33.553
2.6686
162
3.2
1657
4.1



35.213
2.5466
98
2
1279
3.2



35.648
2.5165
89
1.8
1048
2.6



37.691
2.3846
129
2.6
1962
4.9



39.205
2.2959
63
1.3
513
1.3



39.683
2.2694
71
1.4
508
1.3









Claims
  • 1-25. (canceled)
  • 26. A method of preparing a pamoate salt of donepezil comprising mixing donepezil with pamoic acid in a solvent, or mixing a donepezil salt with a pamoate salt in a solvent.
  • 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the pamoate salt of donepezil is amorphous or crystalline including anhydrous, hydrate, or solvate forms, and their polymorphs.
  • 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the donepezil salt is a hydrochloride salt.
  • 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the pamoate salt is disodium pamoate.
  • 30. The method of claim 26, wherein the solvent is water, ethanol, or DMSO.
  • 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the method comprises mixing donepezil with pamoic acid in DMSO.
  • 32. The method of claim 26, wherein the method comprises mixing a donepezil salt with a pamoate salt in water or ethanol.
  • 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the mixing comprises adding a solution of the pamoate salt in the solvent to a solution of the donepezil salt in the solvent.
  • 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the donepezil and the pamoic acid or the donepezil salt and the pamoate salt are at a molar ratio of at least 1:1.
  • 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the molar ratio is 1:1 or 2:1.
  • 36. The method of claim 26, further comprising stirring for a period of time of at least 3 hours.
  • 37. The method of claim 26, further comprising precipitating the pamoate salt of donepezil by evaporation, addition of an anti-solvent, cooling, addition of water or a combination thereof.
  • 38. The method of claim 26, further comprising filtering and drying a precipitated pamoate salt of donepezil.
  • 39. The method of claim 26, wherein the pamoate salt of donepezil is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 21.1, 22.4, and 24.5±0.2 degrees 2-theta, a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 12.2, 19.2, 21.3 and 23.3±0.2 degrees 2-theta, a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 11.6, 12.3, 18.8, 19.3, 23.3, 24.6 and 27.3±0.2 degrees 2-theta or a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks expressed as 2-theta at about 9.4, 14.8, and 17.8, 22.0 and 22.3±0.2 degrees 2-theta.
Divisions (2)
Number Date Country
Parent 15134182 Apr 2016 US
Child 15793831 US
Parent 14357283 May 2014 US
Child 15134182 US
Continuations (2)
Number Date Country
Parent 16358391 Mar 2019 US
Child 16669679 US
Parent 15793831 Oct 2017 US
Child 16358391 US
Continuation in Parts (1)
Number Date Country
Parent PCT/CN2011/083117 Nov 2011 US
Child 14357283 US