Patent Application
20210148166
The invention relates to a door comprising a door leaf movable between an open position, in which it at least partially uncovers a wall opening, and a closed position, in which it at least partially closes the wall opening, and a guide arrangement for guiding the door leaf movement along at least a section of a predetermined path between the open position and the closed position.
Such doors can be implemented in the form of so-called sectional doors, in which the door leaf is arranged overhead approximately in a horizontal plane in the open position. In such sectional doors, the door leaf consists of a plurality of door leaf elements articulated with one another with respect to joint axes extending perpendicularly to the predetermined path. A door leaf movement is thus enabled in which the door leaf passes through a curved section of a predetermined path.
In another embodiment of doors of the type described at the outset, the door leaf is wound up in the open position into a multilayered coil. In such rollup doors, the door leaf can be formed as a whole from a flexible material, such as a plastic film. Guide rollers can be used to guide the door leaf movement, which are attached to stabilizing devices extending perpendicularly to the lateral edges of the door leaf. For this purpose, the stabilizing devices can be coupled to joint arrangements arranged in the region of the lateral edges of the door leaf and fastened on the door leaf, which can, on the other hand, be equipped with guide rollers for guiding the door leaf movement. Such doors are specified in EP 3 176 355 B1. The content of the disclosure of this document with respect to the embodiment of the door leaf and the joint arrangements is hereby incorporated by express reference into this description.
Rollup doors, in which the door leaf forms a multilayered coil above the wall opening in the open position, can also be implemented in the form of so-called high-speed doors, in the case of which the door leaf consists, similarly as with sectional doors, of a plurality of door leaf elements articulated with one another with respect to joint axes extending perpendicular to the predetermined path, the height of which is significantly less in the direction of the predetermined path than in the case of sectional doors, however. Such doors are described, for example, in DE 10 2009 017 767 A1. The content of the disclosure of this document with respect to the design of the door leaf and the articulation of the door leaf elements is hereby incorporated by express reference into this description.
In all above-explained doors, guide rollers are used to guide the door leaf movement, which are typically attached to the door leaf and/or rotatably mounted on roller axes extending perpendicular to the predetermined path and approximately in parallel to the door leaf plane in the closed position, and which are accommodated in fixedly arranged guide rails, wherein the course of the guide rails defines the predetermined path. When the doors just described are used, in particular at high speeds of the door leaf movement, i.e., in the case of so-called high-speed doors, significant noise generation frequently occurs. Furthermore, significant mechanical strain of the guide arrangement is observed.
In consideration of the above-described problems in the prior art, the invention is based on the object of providing doors movable with low wear and less noise generation.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a refinement of doors of the type mentioned at the outset which is essentially characterized in that the guide arrangement has at least one guide web, which is fixedly arranged with respect to the wall opening and extends along the predetermined path, having two outer boundary surfaces and at least two guide devices fastened on the door leaf, wherein a first outer boundary surface of the guide web forms a guide surface for a first guide device, and the second outer boundary surface of the guide web forms a second guide surface for a second guide device.
This invention originates from the finding that the high noise generation established in the prior art and the observed mechanical wear are primarily to be attributed to the fact that when a guide roller is accommodated in a guide rail, a large amount of play has to be maintained between guide roller and guide rail to ensure interference-free operation. In particular at high door running speeds, this results in a movement of the guide roller in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined path, in the course of which the guide roller strikes against inner boundary surfaces of the guide rail. This not only results in significant noise generation, but rather also in a correspondingly high mechanical load of the guide arrangement.
This deficiency is remedied in doors according to the invention in that the guide device does not interact with inner boundary surfaces of a guide rail, but rather with outer boundary surfaces of a guide web. A corresponding arrangement can be embodied having significantly less play. In this manner, both the noise generation and also the mechanical wear can be reduced. It is accepted in this case that a guide of the door leaf movement upon use of a guide web having outer guide surfaces requires two guide devices or a plurality of guide devices, each of which interacts with an outer guide surface of the guide web.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one guide device has a guide roller rotatably mounted with respect to a roller axis extending perpendicular to the predetermined path and extending approximately in parallel to the door leaf in the closed position, which rolls on a guide surface of the door leaf during a door leaf movement.
Particularly reliable guiding of the door leaf movement can take place if the guide surfaces of the guide web are arranged approximately parallel to one another and at a distance from one another in a direction extending perpendicular to the guide surfaces. With this arrangement of the guide surfaces, the guide web can be arranged between the guide devices, in particular between two guide rollers, if their roller axes are spaced apart from one another in a direction extending perpendicular to the guide surfaces and preferably extend approximately in parallel to one another. Overall, reliable and nearly play-free guiding of the door leaf movement is thus achieved, which contributes to reducing the noise generation and the wear.
The assembly of doors according to the invention can be simplified while maintaining the required dimensional accuracy if two guide devices, which accommodate the guide web between them and form a guide set in the assembled state, are mounted on a common carrier, wherein the common carrier can preferably be removably attached to the door leaf on its side facing away from the guide devices. This arrangement enables the use of prefinished assemblies, consisting of carrier and guide devices, which can be attached to the door leaf without changing the distance between the guide devices, in particular between the roller axes of the guide rollers.
If the predetermined path has a curved section, it has proven to be particularly expedient in this case if the carrier is attached to the door leaf rotatably with respect to a rotational axis possibly extending in parallel to the roller axes and/or displaceably with respect to a translational axis possibly extending in parallel to the roller axis. Assembly inaccuracies can thus be compensated for. Such an attachment can be implemented particularly simply in manufacturing if a fastening element for attaching the common carrier to the door leaf is embodied in the form of a fastening bolt possibly extending approximately in parallel to the roller axes and a fastening element in the form of a receptacle designed to accommodate the fastening bolt, preferably embodied in the form of a sleeve, wherein one fastening element is arranged on the carrier and one fastening element is arranged on the door leaf.
In doors according to the invention, the door leaf movement can be further stabilized with further reduction of the noise generation and the mechanical wear if a sliding part is provided, which is arranged between the guide devices, in particular between the roller axes of the guide rollers arranged on the common carrier and is preferably fastened on the common carrier, and which can be applied to a sliding surface of the guide webs arranged between the guide surfaces. In this manner, an offset of the door leaf in a direction possibly extending in parallel to the roller axes can be counteracted by contact of the sliding part on the contact surface. For this purpose, sliding parts are preferably provided in the region of the lateral edges of the door leaf opposite to one another, which can be applied to sliding surfaces of the guide webs arranged in the region of these lateral edges. The door leaf is then accommodated between the guide webs and is prevented from a movement in a direction extending perpendicular to the predetermined path, on the one hand, by the guide webs accommodated between the guide devices and, on the other hand, by the sliding parts coming into contact on the sliding surfaces of the guide webs.
The invention can particularly advantageously be used in doors in which joint arrangements are provided in the region of the lateral edges of the door leaf extending approximately in the direction of gravity in the closed position, each of which has a plurality of joint links articulated with one another with respect to joint axes extending perpendicular to the lateral edges and approximately in parallel to the door leaf plane. In this embodiment, a carrier having two guide devices can be attached to at least one, preferably to each joint link in such a way that the guide devices are arranged on the side of the joint link facing away from the door leaf and the guide web is arranged between the guide devices.
The door leaf itself can have a plurality of door leaf members articulated with one another with respect to hinge axes extending perpendicular to the predetermined path. In this case, the door leaf members can be connected to one another via separate joints. Additionally or alternatively, however, articulating the door leaf members with one another with the aid of joint arrangements attached in the region of the lateral edges of the door leaf is also considered.
The door leaf members can have a shell containing an insulating material, such as polyurethane foam. The metal shell can be produced, for example, by cold forming of metal strips. The insulating material can be accommodated between an outer metal shell forming an outer boundary surface of the door leaf member and an inner shell forming an inner boundary surface of the door leaf member. The insulating material can essentially completely fill the cavity between the two shells of the door leaf member.
Additionally or alternatively to door leaf members articulated with one another, the door leaf of doors according to the invention can be formed at least in sections from a flexible material, such as a plastic film. In this case, the joint arrangements can be coupled to the joint arrangements via stabilization arrangements extending perpendicularly to the lateral edges of the door leaf, as specified in EP 3 176 355 B1.
As already explained above, the invention can be implemented particularly advantageously in so-called rollup doors, in which the door leaf forms a multilayered coil in the open position. In such doors, the guide web has a section preferably extending approximately in the direction of gravity and extending linearly approximately in parallel to the lateral edges of the door leaf in the closed position, which merges at its upper end into a spiral-shaped revolving section. In this case, two guide webs arranged in the region of the opposing lateral edges are expediently provided.
Guiding the door leaf movement of at least one section of the predetermined path without contact in the region of at least one of the lateral edges of the door leaf is also intended in the scope of the invention. For this purpose, at least one guide device can have a door-leaf-side magnetic field generating device and at least one web-side magnetic field generating device can be associated with the guide web, wherein the magnetic field generating devices are designed to obtain contactless guiding of the door leaf movement along at least one section of the predetermined path in the region of at least one of the opposing lateral edges.
In this case, door-leaf-side magnetic field devices interacting on opposing sides of the guide web with at least one guide surface, in the region of which a magnetic field is generated, which can have either attractive or repulsive interaction with the web-side magnetic field generating device.
In the scope of the invention, guide devices are considered which exclusively consist of suitably activatable electromagnets. However, it has proven to be advantageous for design reasons if at least one magnetic field generating device, preferably at least one door-leaf-side magnetic field generating device, which is thus movable with the door leaf, has at least one permanent magnet.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the door-leaf-side magnetic field generating device has two permanent magnets, which are arranged on opposing sides of the guide web and are fixed on a common carrier overlapping a door-leaf-side edge of the guide web. Particularly reliable contactless guiding can be achieved using this arrangement of permanent magnets if the magnetic field lines within the permanent magnets fixed on the holder extend approximately in the same direction and approximately perpendicularly to the door leaf and the carrier at least partially consists of a ferromagnetic material, in particular soft magnetic material.
In this case, unlike poles of the door-leaf-side permanent magnets arranged on opposing sides of the guide web face toward one another. A magnetic field is obtained in the gap between the unlike poles, which can be formed particularly strongly due to recirculation of the field lines in the ferromagnetic holder. If a web-side magnetic field generating arrangement, for example, web-side permanent magnets having suitable polarization, is arranged within the [word missing] between the unlike poles of the door-leaf-side permanent magnets, the door-leaf-side permanent magnets are repelled in opposing directions from the web-side permanent magnets and reliable contactless guiding is achieved. In the event of a deflection of the door leaf from the predetermined path in a direction extending perpendicular to the door leaf plane, the repulsive forces are strengthened in the region of at least one door-leaf-side permanent magnet, so that the contact between door-leaf-side and web-side magnetic field generating arrangements can be effectively counteracted.
Further securing of the guiding of the door leaf movement can be achieved if guide rollers, guide pins, or similar mechanical guide devices which can be applied to the guide surfaces are also arranged on the side of the door-leaf-side magnetic field generating arrangements facing away from the door leaf. Additional guide rollers can be rotatably mounted on the door leaf with respect to roller axes extending approximately in parallel to the door leaf and perpendicularly to the predetermined path. Mechanical guide devices, such as guide rollers, can be arranged on opposing sides of the guide web, which come into contact with the corresponding guide surface upon a particularly large application of force in a direction extending perpendicular to the door leaf plane, while they are arranged at a distance from the guide surfaces during the desired contactless guiding. In this arrangement, the guide web is thus arranged, on the one hand, between the door-leaf-side magnetic field generating arrangements and, on the other hand, also between the mechanical guide devices attached to the door leaf, such as the rotatably mounted guide rollers and/or the guide pins. In other embodiments of the invention, the guide rollers, guide pins, or the like can also be arranged on the side of the door-leaf-side magnetic field generating devices facing toward the door leaf.
The web-side magnetic field generating devices can be assembled particularly easily if a groove extending at least along a section of the predetermined path is provided in at least one guide surface, in which a web-side magnetic field generating device can be at least partially accommodated. The web-side magnetic field generating device can be embodied here as a permanent magnet. It is particularly advantageous in this arrangement if the web-side magnetic field generating device is at least partially formed from an elastomer magnet. An elastomer magnet is an elastomer in which hard-magnetic materials are embedded. The magnetic field generating device accommodated in the groove can protrude out of the groove on the side facing away from the groove base.
In all embodiments of the invention having web-side and/or door-leaf-side magnetic field generating devices, it has proven to be expedient if a cleaning device is associated with the guide web and/or the door leaf, wherein the door-leaf-side magnetic field generating devices can be cleaned using the web-side cleaning device, and the web-side magnetic field generating devices can be cleaned using the door-leaf-side cleaning device. The cleaning devices can be implemented, for example, in the form of cleaning brushes.
If the predetermined path has a transition between a section extending essentially linearly and a section extending essentially in a curve, such as a transition between a linearly extending section and a spiral-shaped revolving section, it has proven to be particularly expedient if a web-side magnetic field generating device for generating particularly large fields is provided in the region of this transition, because particularly large forces occur in this transition region during the door leaf movement, which are to be absorbed in terms of contactless guiding by correspondingly dimensioned magnetic field generating devices and their interaction with the door-leaf-side magnetic field generating devices. The web-side magnetic field generating devices designed to generate particularly large fields can be, for example, sintered hard magnets.
On the other hand, at least one magnetic field generating device, preferably at least one web-side magnetic field generating device, can have an electromagnet arrangement which is preferably associated with a control unit.
Designing the control device to generate a magnetic field traveling along at least one section of the predetermined path is also considered. Not only contactless guiding of the door leaf movement, but rather also a magnetic drive effectuating the door leaf movement can possibly also be implemented.
Additionally or alternatively, effectuating an attractive interaction between the magnetic field generating devices by suitable activation of the electromagnets upon reaching the closed position is also intended.
In one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the guiding of the door leaf movement is achieved using door-leaf-side and web-side magnetic field generating devices, which are preferably implemented by permanent magnets, wherein electromagnets are additionally provided, which cause an attractive interaction with the door-leaf-side magnetic field generating devices upon reaching the closed position, so that by switching on the corresponding electromagnets, a seal function can be produced between door leaf and a frame or a door frame. In this case, bistable arrangements are preferably used, in which the seal function can also be ensured without energizing the electromagnets, while in the second stable position contactless guiding can be ensured with the aid of the permanent magnets without energizing the electromagnets.
In a method for producing a door having magnetic field generating devices, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if magnetized elements, which at least partially consist of hard magnetic material, are attached to the guide web and/or the door leaf and only magnetized thereafter. Interference with the assembly due to the attractive interaction of the permanent magnets with metallic components of the door is thus avoided.
The invention is explained hereinafter with reference to the drawing, to which reference is expressly made with respect to all details essential to the invention and not highlighted further in the description. In the drawing:
The door illustrated in
The articulation of the door leaf members 12 is carried out with the aid of joint arrangements having a plurality of joint links 20, wherein each joint link 20 is placed on an end face of a door leaf member 12. The guide rollers 32 and 34 are placed on the joint links 20 or 22, respectively, in such a way that they are arranged on the side of the joint links facing away from the door leaf. The trailing joint link during an opening movement indicated by the arrow P is equipped with a total of four guide rollers 32 and 34, which form two guide roller pairs. The guide rollers of a guide roller pair are spaced apart from one another in a direction perpendicular to the direction extending through the guide web 100, wherein the roller axes extend approximately in parallel to one another. The guide web 100 has outer boundary surfaces or guide surfaces 102 or 104 opposing one another, wherein a first guide roller 32 of each guide roller pair comes into contact on a first guide surface 102 of the guide web 100 and rolls thereon, while a second guide roller 34 of each guide roller pair presses against a second guide surface 104 and rolls thereon. The guide web is thus arranged between the guide rollers 32 and 34 of the individual guide roller pairs.
A bottom seal 14, which presses against the bottom of the wall opening to be closed using the door leaf 10 in the closed position, is arranged on an edge trailing during an opening movement of the door leaf member trailing during the opening movement. As shown in
As can be seen in
The assembly of a door according to the invention is schematically indicated in
To further reduce the axial play, a sliding part 50 is provided, which can be attached to carrier 40 between the guide rollers 32 and 34. In the event of an offset of the entire arrangement, consisting of door leaf member 12, joint link 20, holder 40, and guide rollers 32 and 34, in parallel to the axis of the bolt 42, the sliding part 50 comes into contact on a sliding surface of the guide web 100, which is arranged between the guide surfaces 102 and 104 or connects the guide surfaces 102 and 104 of the guide web 100 to one another.
In
The embodiment of the invention illustrated in
The attachment of the permanent magnets is selected so that regions of the same polarization are located opposing and thus repulsive forces act between web-side magnetic field generating device and door-leaf-side magnetic field generating device. The permanent magnets of a single door-leaf-side magnetic field generating device are attached similarly to the guide rollers on a common carrier 1040, so that they are arranged on opposing sides of the guide web and the web-side magnetic field generating device attached thereon. The polarization of the individual permanent magnets can be seen particularly clearly in
In
The embodiment of the invention illustrated in
A combination of the contactless magnetic guide according to
In the embodiment of the invention explained on the basis of
Upon reaching the lower end position, the electromagnet arrangement can either be turned off or operated with reverse polarization. The door leaf is thus displaced in the direction toward a guide web, which is provided in a housing 1300 and is preferably at least partially jacketed by a sealing material, since the floating state generated by the prior polarization of the electromagnet is canceled out. The repulsive forces of the door-leaf-side magnetic field generating device or the door-leaf-side permanent magnets are then sufficient to displace the door leaf. Alternatively, a polarization can be generated using the electromagnet arrangement such that an attractive force is achieved between door-leaf-side permanent magnets and web-side electromagnet arrangement, which generates the desired displacement of the door leaf in a direction extending in the door leaf movement direction.
An improved sealing function can be achieved in the closed state by this displacement of the door leaf, as indicated at 1310 in
The embodiment of the invention illustrated in
Furthermore, it has proven to be particularly advantageous in the scope of the invention if the carriers 1040 for the door-leaf-side magnetic field generating devices 1010 are at least partially formed from a ferromagnetic material, in which the field lines of the magnets arranged on opposing sides of the web-side magnetic field generating device are returned, to thus provide a particularly strong magnetic field in the gap between the opposing door-leaf-side permanent magnets.
As is particularly clearly apparent in
The invention is not restricted to the embodiment illustrated on the basis of the drawing. Rather, the use of doors according to the invention in the form of so-called sectional doors is also considered, in which the door leaf is arranged overhead approximately in a horizontal plane in the open position. The invention can also advantageously be used in so-called film doors, in which the door leaf consists of plastic films reinforced with the aid of reinforcing profiles. The guide surfaces of the guide web can also enclose an acute angle with one another. The guide rollers can also be fastened directly on the door leaf members without a joint link interconnected if the articulation between the door leaf members is produced with the aid of separate joints. The holders provided in a door according to the invention for the guide rollers can be produced from steel plate, from diecast aluminum, or from milled steel.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 2018 101 842.6 | Apr 2018 | DE | national |
| 20 2019 101 520.9 | Mar 2019 | DE | national |
The present application is a 35 U.S.C. § 371 national phase entry application of, and claims priority to, International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2019/058221, filed Apr. 2, 2019, which claims priority to German Patent Application No. DE 202018101842.6, filed Apr. 5, 2018, and DE 202019101520.9, filed Mar. 18, 2019 the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2019/058221 | 4/2/2019 | WO | 00 |
