Patent Grant
9163446
Electromechanical door holders and automatic door operators are two types of devices that provide automatic functions with respect to doors. Electromechanical door holders generally include a door closer and apparatus that arrests the operation of the door closer. Electromechanical door holders may be attached to the structure adjacent to a door, such as a door frame or wall, and a pivotable arm extends from the door operator to the door, or alternatively, the electromechanical door holder may be mounted to the door, and the pivotable arm may extend to the adjacent structure. The door closer is intended to provide a smooth, controlled closing action to the door after the door has been opened and released.
Many conventional door closers are mechanically actuated and have a piston and a plurality of springs and valved ports. The piston moves through a reservoir filled with a hydraulic fluid, such as oil. The piston is coupled to the door closer's arm through a rack and pinion such that, as the door is opened, the piston is moved in one direction and, as the door is closed, the piston is moved in the opposite direction. As the piston moves, it displaces hydraulic fluid, which may be forced through various ports. The force exerted by the door closer depends on loading of a compression spring and the speed of the action depends on the open or closed status of the ports. The ports are adjustable (open or closed) via needle valves that control flow of hydraulic fluid between chambers, and the compression spring setting may or may not be adjustable based on the construction of the door closer. The valves may be operated with solenoids connected to a power supply. Energizing a solenoid may close a valve, prevent flow of hydraulic fluid, and thereby provide a hold-open feature to the door closer, making an electromechanical door holder.
With respect to door operators, the purpose of a door operator is to open and close a door. In general, a door operator may be mounted similarly to an electromechanical door holder. Automatic, hinged doors with door operators generally include motorized door openers and door closers that may be powered or spring assisted. The door may open manually or automatically upon actuation of a switch often placed on a wall proximate to the door. When automatic operation is initiated, the door commonly proceeds through a sequence that includes starting the motor, the motor driving the door to an open position, the door being held open for a set period, and then the motor turning off or reversing direction to allow the door closer to close the door.
A variety of automatic door operators is known. A typical door operator includes an electric motor and a linkage assembly for operatively coupling the drive shaft of the motor to a door so that the door will be opened and closed when the drive shaft rotates. Activation of the door operator is initiated by means of an electric signal generated in a variety of ways such as, for example, a pressure switch, an ultrasonic or photoelectric presence sensor, motion sensors, radio transmitters, wall switches, and the like. The door may then be closed under power or with a door closer, as used in an electromechanical door holder.
The automatic, predetermined timing of closing of an automatic door with either a door operator or a door holder creates the opportunity for the door to close on a person who or an object that does not or cannot pass through the doorway in sufficient time to avoid the closing door.
In accordance with one embodiment described herein, a door control apparatus may be in electrical communication with an electromechanical door holder for operative connection to a hinged door, the hinged door being above a floor and pivotally movable between a closed position and a fully open position. The hinged door may be mounted to a structure surrounding the door in the closed position, with the structure including a door frame and a wall. The door control apparatus includes control circuitry and a sensor. The sensor is adapted to detect a person, object, or both in a first designated area proximate to the door. The sensor is connected to the control circuitry and is operable to signal the control circuitry upon a detection event. Upon a detection event the control circuitry is operable to signal the electromechanical door holder to hold the door open. The door control apparatus may further include a light emitter that is also connected to the control circuitry, which is operable to signal the light emitter to produce light.
The light emitter may further be adapted to direct light to form an image on the floor in a second designated area. When the second designated area is illuminated, the door is not in the process of closing. The control circuitry may also be operable to signal the light emitter to change the light status a first predetermined time after the sensor detects nothing in the first designated area, and may be adapted to signal the electromechanical door holder to initiate door closing after a second predetermined time, with the first and second predetermined times being measured by a timer in the control circuitry. The light emitter may be, for example, a laser generator or a light emitting diode lamp.
In accordance with another embodiment described herein, a door motion controller is provided for applying force to a hinged door, the hinged door being above a floor and pivotally movable between a closed position and a fully open position. The hinged door is mounted to a structure surrounding the door in the closed position, with the structure including a door frame and a wall. The door motion controller includes an electromechanical door holder adapted to operatively connect to the hinged door, and a door control apparatus. The door control apparatus is adapted to be in electrical communication with the electromechanical door holder and includes control circuitry and a sensor. The sensor is adapted to detect a person, object, or both in a first designated area proximate to the door. The sensor is connected to the control circuitry, and is operable to signal the control circuitry upon a detection event. Upon a detection event the control circuitry is operable to signal the electromechanical door holder to hold the door open. The door control apparatus may further include a light emitter that is also connected to the control circuitry, which is operable to signal the light emitter to produce light.
In accordance with another embodiment described herein, a door assembly that may be positioned above a floor proximate to a structure including a door frame and wall is provided. The door assembly includes a hinged door, a door motion device, and door control apparatus. The hinged door is pivotally movable between a closed position and a fully open position, and mounted to the structure surrounding the door in the closed position. The door motion device is adapted to operatively connect to the hinged door. The door control apparatus is adapted to be in electrical communication with the door motion device and includes control circuitry, a sensor, and a light emitter. The sensor is adapted to detect a person, object, or both in a first designated area proximate to the door. The sensor is connected to the control circuitry, and is operable to signal the control circuitry upon a detection event. The light emitter is also connected to the control circuitry. Upon a detection event the control circuitry is operable to signal the light emitter to produce light and is operable to signal the door motion device to hold the door open.
In accordance with another embodiment described herein, a method of operating a hinged door using an electromechanical door holder is provided. The hinged door being may be above a floor and pivotally movable between a closed position and a fully open position, and may be mounted to a structure surrounding the door in the closed position, with the structure including a door frame and a wall. The method may include a sensor detecting a person, object, the door moving to an open position, or a combination thereof in a first designated area, the sensor signaling control circuitry. A timer in the control circuitry is started, and the control circuitry signals the electromechanical door holder and the electromechanical door holder maintains the door in an open position. The sensor may continue to detect a person or object in the first designated area and signaling the control circuitry to keep the door open, and when the sensor detects nothing in the first designated area, signaling the control circuitry may be ceased. The control circuitry may signal a light emitter to produce light. The light emitter may direct light to form an image on a second designated area on the floor. The control circuitry may signal the light emitter to flash the light for a set period. If the sensor again detects a person or object in the first designated area, the sensor may signal the control circuitry, and the control circuitry may signal the electromechanical door holder to keep the door open and signaling the light emitter to produce constant light. If the sensor detects nothing in the first designated area by the end of the set period, the control circuitry may signal the light emitter to turn off the light and signal the electromechanical door holder to initiate closing of the door.
For a more complete understanding of embodiments of a door control apparatus and associated methods, reference should now be had to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings and described below. In the drawings:
Certain terminology is used herein for convenience only and is not to be taken as a limitation on the embodiments described. For example, words such as “top”, “bottom”, “upper,” “lower,” “left,” “right,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” “upward,” and “downward” merely describe the configuration shown in the figures. Indeed, the referenced components may be oriented in any direction and the terminology, therefore, should be understood as encompassing such variations unless specified otherwise.
As used herein, the term “open position” for a door means a door position other than a closed position, including any position between the closed position and a predetermined fully open position as limited only by structure around the door frame, which can be up to 180° from the closed position.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding or similar elements throughout the several views, two embodiments of a door control apparatus are shown in
In both embodiments of door control apparatus 20a, 20b, a light in the visible spectrum may be projected onto the ground or floor 50 that may indicate an illuminated area 52 that communicates that the door 24 is not about to close. The illuminated area 52 may correspond to a “safe zone” in which a person or object may be located to prevent the door from closing when the person or object is detected by a sensor in the door control apparatus 20a, 20b. Alternatively, the position of the light may not necessarily correspond to the range of the sensor. The visible light may be from various types of light emitters, for example, laser light 54a from a laser generator 60a as in the door control apparatus 20a of
As shown, the shape of the laser light line 54a on the floor 50 is a rectangle, but the light may be an oval or any possible shape as selected by one of ordinary skill in the art, and may include words 62 or other indicia, such as arrows 64. Green light may be used in one embodiment to signal that the door 24 is not about to close; flashing green or yellow light could signal that the door 24 is going to close. An LED may light a spot 54b of colored light, such as a soft green glow, on the floor 50 to designate the illuminated area 52, shown as an oval in
An embodiment of the door control apparatus 20 is shown in
The light emitter may be any LED lamp 60b or other type of light emitter that projects a discernable lighted area on the floor as selected by one of ordinary skill in the art, such as a high intensity discharge lamp (spot light) or a laser light 60a. Appropriate light emitters include for LED, Light Engines, from Lighting Sciences Group Corp. of Satellite Beach, Fla., the Atlas I series, 216 lumens, green color, and for lasers, a laser generator as selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. The sensor 84 may be a sensor that detects the presence or motion of a person or object in an area at least as large as, or larger than, the illuminated area 52. Sensors appropriate for use with door control apparatus 20a, 20b include passive infrared type motion sensors such as those made by Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd., MP Motion Sensor, and in particular the 10 m detection type, low current consumption, with a detection range of 110 degrees horizontal and 93 degrees vertical. This sensor detects changes in infrared radiation that occur when there is movement by a person or object that has a different temperature than the environment. Another sensor appropriate for use with the door control apparatus 20a, 20b, which may be mounted separately from the housing 80, is a microwave sensor such as that manufactured by BEA Inc. of Pittsburgh, Pa., Eagle Motion Sensor, which operates at 24.125 GHz with a planar antenna with motion detection based on the Doppler effect. Other types of sensors, such as ultrasonic or photoelectric may be selected as known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
As an alternative embodiment, the lamp designated as 60, 60a, or 60b may be instead a sound emitter, such as a speaker, other sound transducer, or producer of sound as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. The sound emitter may be mounted separately from the rest of the apparatus, or may be located as shown. Yet further, the part 60, 60a, or 60b may designate both a light emitter and a sound emitter. The sound emitter may be selectively signaled to alarm when the door is opening, is about to close, or is closing.
The control circuitry 83 uses a constant current source which supplies power needed to the light emitter. Overall product functionality may be controlled by an eight bit microcontroller. User adjustments for delay time, number of warning flashes and, where an LED is used, LED light intensity, may be provided. Cold contact relay switches may be controlled by the microcontroller to switch a solenoid and an external alarm. Control circuitry 83 associated with the PCB 82, other mounting member, or the door control apparatus 20 overall, may further include features such as an embedded processor, memory, a digital signal processor, a motion sensor chip, and a laser control chip, as selected by one of ordinary skill in the art.
The door motion device 22 may be any automatic door operator or electromechanical door holder, such as the 6900 Series Powermatic® automatic door operator or 7200 Series Electromechanical Closer-Holder models from Norton Door Controls of Monroe, N.C., an ASSA ABLOY Group company.
Hardware 88 in each corner to fasten the PCB 82 to the housing 80 and to provide adjustability may include a blind self-cinching fastener 92 such as PEM® brand manufactured by PennEngineering of Danboro, Pa., a spring 94, two washers 96, and a hex socket machine screw 98.
The door motion device 22 in
If the door control apparatus 20 is an opposite side unit, the person first opens the door 1206 and the motion sensor detects the opening of the door 1208 and signals the control circuitry. A timer then starts 1210, and a solenoid in the door holder is energized 1212 in response to a signal from the control circuitry to close a valve in the door holder that will prevent flow of hydraulic fluid in the reservoir at a selected port and cause the door to stay open. Optionally and concurrently, when the timer starts, the light emitter is also turned on 1212 in response to a signal from the control circuitry so that the light illuminates the designated floor area; a sound emitter could also alarm when the door is opening.
If the door control apparatus 20 is a same side unit, the motion sensor detects the person near the doorway 1214. A timer then starts 1216, and a solenoid in the door holder is energized 1218 in response to a signal from the sensor via the control circuitry to close a valve in the door holder that will prevent flow of hydraulic fluid in the reservoir at a selected port and cause the door to stay open. When the timer starts, optionally and concurrently the light emitter is also turned on in response to a signal from the sensor via the control circuitry so that the light illuminates the designated floor area 1218. Then the person opens the door 1220.
With the timer started, solenoid energized, floor area illuminated, and door open for either the same side unit or opposite side unit, the operation proceeds through transfer circle 1222 to
If at decision step 1234 another person is not near the doorway, the sensor senses the person, the sensor stops sending a signal to the control circuitry, the solenoid de-energizes to open the valve, and the light is turned off 1236. If another person is near the doorway 1234 and at decision step 1238 the programmed maximum open time has not been reached, the operation returns to the steps where the timer starts 1210, 1218 through decision step 1240 and transfer circles 1242, 1244, as applicable. If the maximum open time has been reached 1238, the light is turned off and then the solenoid de-energizes 1236 to open the valve. From step 1246 the door begins to close, and then has returned to the closed position 1248.
If a person opens the door, the operation proceeds from decision step 1304 through transfer circle 1316 to
If the person is to pull the door open, the person first opens the door 1320 and then goes through the doorway 1322. The motion sensor detects a person near the doorway 1324. A timer then starts 1326, a solenoid in the door closer is energized in response to a signal from the sensor via the control circuitry, and optionally the light emitter is also turned on similarly so that the light illuminates the designated floor area 1328.
If the person is to push the door open, the motion sensor first detects the person near the doorway 1330. A timer then starts 1332, a solenoid in the door closer is energized in response to a signal from the sensor via the control circuitry, and optionally the light emitter is also turned on so that the light illuminates the designated floor area 1334. A sound emitter could also alarm. Then the person pushes open the door 1336.
With the timer started, solenoid energized, floor area illuminated, and door open, the process proceeds through transfer circle 1338 to
Continuing through transfer circle 1352 to
If a person opens the door, the operation proceeds from decision step 1404 through transfer circle 1416 to
If the person is to pull the door open, the person first opens the door 1420 and then goes through the doorway 1422. The motion sensor detects a person near the doorway 1424. A timer then starts 1426, and optionally the light emitter is also turned on so that the light illuminates the designated floor area 1428.
If the person is to push the door open, the motion sensor first detects the person near the doorway 1430. A timer then starts 1432, and optionally the light emitter is also turned on so that the light illuminates the designated floor area 1434. Then the person pushes open the door 1436.
With the timer started, floor area illuminated, and door open, the process proceeds through transfer circle 1438 to
Continuing through transfer circle 1450 to
Although the door control apparatus described above has been shown and described in considerable detail with respect to only a few exemplary embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that it is not intended to be limited to these embodiments since various modifications, omissions and additions may be made to the disclosed embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages. For example, some of the novel features could be used with any type of door motion device or any type of light emitter. A light emitter may be used other than one that shines a light or a floor, or additional light emitters may be used, including but not limited to the selectively lighted display 66. Accordingly, it is intended to cover all such modifications, omission, additions and equivalents as may be included within the scope of a door control apparatus and associated methods as defined by the following claims. In the claims, where a claim is directed to a method, unless otherwise indicated the order of actions to be performed is not limited to the order in which the actions are written. Further, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Thus, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw may be equivalent structures.
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