Power tongs for well operations.
Power tongs are an essential product used in the oil and gas industry for well drilling operations. However, power tongs pose a safety hazard to personnel near them. Power tongs include a rotating portion, namely, a ring gear assembly, that poses a pinching risk for operators. To reduce the risk to operators, tongs generally include a door that, when closed, removes a pinch point thereby increasing safety to the operators. Various switch devices have been created to prevent operation of the tong and rotation of the rotating portion when the door is in an open position. However, these devices have various drawbacks. Further, electronics and electronic switches cannot be used near the drilling well as they pose a fire hazard given the high-pressure oil flow at the well site. Therefore, only mechanical or hydraulic switches can be used near the drilling well.
Power tongs are used to bite and twist sections of piping or casing together. Power tongs apply substantial torque and force on the tubular during a bite. In order to ensure the bite does not damage the tubular or tong and achieves the highest torque available, the tubular should be correctly aligned within the teeth and jaws of the tong. The teeth and jaws are the components of the tong that grip the tubular. The teeth and jaws are contained within the ring gear assembly. Operators generally align the tubular by using their hands and eyes to hold the tong in the correct position around the tubular. Once the tubular is in the correct position, the operator causes the jaws and teeth to bite the tubular through various control means and hydraulics on the tong. The jaws then hold the tubular while the ring gear assembly rotates. If the operator does not correctly position the tubular within the jaws and teeth, the operator will need to release the tong from the tubular, re-align the tong, and re-bite the tubular. This process wastes time and puts the operator at risk by additional and unnecessary movement of the jaw components.
In one exemplary embodiment there is a door switch for a power tong. The power tong has a ring gear assembly having a throat, the ring gear assembly is driven by a motor having a hydraulic supply and a door pivotally mounted on a body to open and close the throat. The door switch may comprise: a sleeve defining a bore; a moveable component within the bore, the moveable component being in operational contact with the door and a valve control of a valve connected to the hydraulic supply. A biasing mechanism may be included to bias the moveable component into contact with the door when the door is in a closed position, and the biasing mechanism may bias the moveable component to move axially when the door is at least partially open to cause the valve to disengage the hydraulic supply from the motor and the moveable component to disengage from the door when the door is at least partially open.
In various embodiments, there may be included any one or more of the following features: the moveable component comprises a cable within the bore and the cable is configured to engage and disengage the hydraulic supply from the motor through axial movement of the cable within the bore; the moveable component further comprises a piston connected to the cable and the piston being configured to contact the door when in the closed position; the biasing mechanism comprises a spring configured to bias the piston against the door when the door is in the closed position; the door further comprises a block configured to contact the piston when the door is in the closed position; the block comprises a ramp and a divot, and the ramp and the divot are shaped to receive the piston; the door is pivotally mounted on a body on a first side of the throat and the moveable component is in operational contact with an end of the door opposite from the first pivot when the door is in the closed position; the throat comprises a radius, and wherein the piston is substantially axially aligned with a centerline of the radius or substantially perpendicular with the centerline; the door switch in operation on a power tong; the movable component runs partially along a side of the body; and wherein the door comprises a first door and a second door, and the sleeve is connected to the second door and the moveable component being in operational contact with the first door.
In another exemplary embodiment there is a power tong, comprising: a ring gear assembly having a throat, the ring gear assembly being driven by a motor having a hydraulic supply; a first door having a pivot end mounted on a first pivot on a body on a first side of the throat, and the first door having a distal end that opens and closes the throat with movement of the first door around the first pivot; and a door switch, comprising: a sleeve defining a sleeve bore and a cable axially moveable within the sleeve, the cable having a valve end and a door end, the valve end of the cable being in operational connected with a valve control operable to disconnect the hydraulic supply from the motor, and the switch end of the cable being configured to be in operational contact with the distal end of the door when the door is in a closed position.
In various embodiments, there may be included any one or more of the following features: a piston connected to the cable and the piston contacting the distal end of the first door when the first door is in a closed position; a biasing mechanism to bias the piston into contact with the distal end of the first door when the first door is in a closed position; the biasing mechanism comprises a spring; the first door further comprises a block at the distal end of the door configured to contact the piston when the door is in the closed position; and the block comprises a ramp and a divot, and the ramp and the divot are shaped to receive the piston; and a second door having a second pivot end mounted on a second pivot on the body on a second side of the throat, and the sleeve connected to the second door.
In another exemplary embodiment there is a tab for a power tong, the tab comprising a body having a perimeter and having a through hole extending through the body within the perimeter, the body made of a non-compressible material, the body having a plurality of edges on the perimeter, each of the plurality of edges defining a smallest distance from a center of the through hole to the respective edge, and each of the smallest distances of each of the plurality of edges being different in size.
In various embodiments, there may be included any one or more of the following features: an edge of the plurality of edges is curved to match a radius of a throat when placed in the power tong.
In another exemplary embodiment there is a method of centering a tubular within a power tong, the power tong having a ring gear assembly having a throat, the ring gear assembly including teeth to engage a tubular and the ring gear assembly including a fastener-receiving hole, the ring gear assembly being driven by a motor having a hydraulic supply and a first door pivotally mounted on a body to open and close the throat, the method comprising: aligning at least one of the plurality of edges of the tab to match a circumference defined by a closed position of the teeth; and securing the tab with a fastener through the through hole of the tab and the fastener-receiving hole.
In various embodiments, there may be included any one or more of the following features: loosening the fastener; rotating the tab to align a different one of the at least one of the plurality of edges with the circumference defined by the position of the teeth in the closed position; and tightening the fastener.
These and other aspects of the device and method are set out in the claims.
Embodiments will now be described with reference to the figures, in which like reference characters denote like elements, by way of example, and in which:
In an exemplary embodiment there is a door switch 12 for a power tong 10 as shown in
Various different components can be used to form the moveable component. In some embodiments, the moveable component may include one or more of rollers, pistons, rods, cables, links and other components that provide a physical connection between the door 18 and the valve control 60. Each of these components may collectively define the moveable component. The use of a physical connection allows the movement of the door to turn on and off the hydraulic supply of the motor without requiring any electronics. The sleeve provides a conduit to direct and contain the movement of the moveable component. For example, when the moveable component is a cable, the sleeve will confine the movement of the cable so that it acts axially to open and close the valve control rather than merely bending. The sleeve may also include a housing to confine movement of a piston. The term sleeve is used to define a conduit through which the moveable component moves and it may not have a uniform diameter. The sleeve may include a sleeve containing a cable as well as a housing that houses a piston, with the cable sleeve and the housing have different internal diameters. Any mechanism may be used for the moveable component so long as it provides operational contact between the door and the valve control. For example, in some embodiments the moveable component may be a fluid that is contained in the sleeve that acts on pistons on both ends of the sleeve, in which the pistons convert the movement of the fluid into mechanical movement which can act on various other components such as rods.
In an exemplary embodiment, a biasing mechanism acts to bias the moveable component into contact with the door 18 when the door 18 is in a closed position. The biasing mechanism biases the moveable component so that it is pushed against the door. The biasing mechanism biases the moveable component to move axially when the door is at least partially open to cause the valve to disengage the hydraulic supply from the motor and the moveable component disengages from the door when the door is at least partially open. In some embodiments the biasing mechanism may be a spring, such as a coiled spring, but other springs and other types of biasing mechanisms may be used. For example, the biasing mechanism may be an elastic material, such as a rubber, shaped to apply axial force on the moveable component. The biasing mechanism may also be a pneumatic or hydraulic piston or other type of actuator. The biasing mechanism may also be a magnetic device. The biasing mechanism may be connected at any position within the door switch so long as the spring provides an axial bias on some part of the moveable component. The specific location of the biasing mechanism does not matter so long as the moveable component is pushed against the door when the door is closed. The location of the biasing mechanism may be chosen in order to minimize wear and tear or prevent debris from entering the biasing mechanism. For example, the biasing mechanism could be located within a housing 14 near the throat of the tong.
In an exemplary embodiment, a cable 32 may be configured to engage and disengage the hydraulic supply from the motor through axial movement of the cable within the bore. The cable may be connected directly to the valve control 60 and the door 18, or may be connected to the valve control 60 and the door 18 through intermediate connections such as rods and pistons. So long as the cable connects directly or indirectly to the valve control 60 and the door 18, it is configured to engage and disengage the hydraulic supply from the motor through axial movement of the cable within the bore within the meaning of this patent document. For example, the moveable component 140 may also include a piston connected to the cable in which the piston is configured to physically contact the door when in the closed position.
In an exemplary embodiment, the door may include a block configured to contact the piston when the door is in the closed position. The block may be an integral part of the door or may be a component that is permanently or semi-permanently secured to the door such as by welding. The addition of a block allows for fine adjustment of the position of contact between the door and the moveable component. The block also allows the door switch to be placed at various angles. The angle of the door switch allows the door switch to be placed on various sizes and shapes of tongs. The block 20 may include a ramp 21 and a divot 25, and the ramp 21 and the divot 25 are shaped to receive the piston 58 (
In an exemplary embodiment as shown in
The piston may be substantially axially aligned with a centerline of the radius or substantially perpendicular with the centerline. The term “substantially” in this context means within plus or minus 30 degrees from vertical or perpendicular. This configuration allows the door switch to be placed on tongs with a small footprint or on a body congested with other components. In the case where the moveable component is a cable, the switch end of the cable may be configured to be in operational contact with the distal end of the door when the door is in a closed position. This operational contact may be direct or indirect, such as through intermediate rods and pistons. For example, a piston may be connected to the cable and the piston may contact the distal end of the door when the door is in a closed position. In some embodiments, the door switch may not use a biasing mechanism. For example, the movable component may be connected to a magnet that moves the moveable component to a certain position and then releases.
In an exemplary embodiment shown in
In an exemplary embodiment shown in
As an alternative to the cable 32, the rod 37 may be connected to a piston (not shown) and fluid may be contained within the sleeve 38. The cable 32 may then be replaced with a hydraulic fluid. The movement through the sleeve would then be transferred by the hydraulic fluid instead of the cable.
An exemplary embodiment of a door 18 will now be described. Referring to
An exemplary embodiment of a valve 28 will now be described. Referring to
The valve control 60 may be held in the neutral position by a biasing mechanism 30 that is secured to the valve control 60. The biasing mechanism may contact other components of the door switch 12 to apply a bias force to the moveable component. In the neutral position, hydraulic fluid flow cannot enter motor 17. In the neutral position, the valve 28 may receive a hydraulic supply of fluid from a first hydraulic source tube 57 and send the fluid flow back through a second hydraulic source tube 57, preventing the flow from entering tubes 56 and reaching the motor 17. In the neutral position, the motor 17 cannot receive flow and the ring gear assembly 86 cannot rotate, protecting the user from a rotating component when the door is open.
In contrast, the valve control 60 may be in a shifted position. In the shifted position, the hydraulic supply of fluid enters the motor 17 through a first tube 56 from a first hydraulic source tube 57 after traversing through the valve 28. The fluid then flows through the motor 17 and exits the motor 17 through a second tube 56, through the valve 28, and through a second hydraulic source tube 57. In the shifted position of the valve control 60, the motor 17 can operate the ring gear assembly 86 and cause rotation of the ring gear assembly 86.
An example of the valve control's 60 operational connection to the cable 32 will now be described. Referring to
In an exemplary embodiment, a sleeve 38 may be secured to the sleeve valve end 54. The cable 32 may be included in the bore of the sleeve 38. The cable 32 may comprise a valve end 33 (as shown in
The moveable component 140 comprises any components that operationally connect the door 18 to the valve control 60. For example, the moveable component 140 may comprise the roller 50, the piston 58, first rod 37 in the sleeve end 36, the cable 32, the second rod 37 in the sleeve valve end 54, and the link 62. Axial movement of the movable component 140 causes axial movement of the valve control 60.
In an exemplary embodiment shown in
In an exemplary embodiment shown in
By way of further exemplary embodiment of the closed position, in the closed position, the switch end 31 of the cable 32 may be in operational contact with the distal end of the door 18. The load applied to the roller 50 by the block 20 may also be applied to the valve control 60 and against biasing mechanism 30. In the closed position, hydraulic fluid may flow through tubes 56 into the motor 17 to operate the motor 17. In this position, the motor 17 allows the ring gear assembly 86 to operate. Therefore, when the door 18 is closed, the motor 17 and ring gear assembly 86 can operate, protecting the user from the moving components.
An exemplary embodiment of the door switch 12 operation when the door 18 is in the open position will now be described. Referring to
One or exemplary embodiments of the door switch may have certain advantages. For example, the position of the block 20 and door switch 12 on the far side of the door 18 away from the pivot 22 allows for high sensitivity of the device to any angular movement of the door. The door block 20 is at nearly the farthest point from the pivot 22 location. Thereby, even a minor angular movement of the door 18 translates into a large circumferential movement of the door block 20. This provides the door switch 12 with a high sensitivity to the door 18 opening, even slightly. This provides the tong operator with immediate protection from the rotation of ring gear assembly 86 if the door 18 is even slightly opened.
An exemplary embodiment of the block 20 will now be described. Referring to
In an exemplary embodiment, on even a slight opening of the door 18, the roller 50 moves out of the divot 25, and onto ramp 21. In this position, the force of the biasing mechanism 30 continues to push the door 18 open and the roller 50 further down the ramp 21. As the roller 50 moves down the ramp 21, the biasing mechanism 30 pushes the roller 50 and piston 58 axially outwards from within the housing 14. As a result, the valve control 60 moves back into the neutral position by force of the biasing mechanism 30. In the neutral position, the fluid cannot flow to motor 17 through tubes 56 and the ring gear assembly 86 cannot rotate.
An exemplary double door embodiment will now be described. Referring to
Another exemplary embodiment of the door switch 12 will now be described. Referring to
An exemplary embodiment of a tab 100 is described. Referring to
In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of edges may have any of a number of shapes, and for example, may be straight or curved. One or more edges may be curved to match the radius of the tubular. Alternatively, the edge radius may be larger or smaller than the radius of the tubular. For example, the edge radius may be 0.0625 to 0.375 inches larger or smaller than the tubular radius. This is to account for tolerances in tubular radius machining and to ensure the tubular contacts the edge at the midpoint of the edge. Alternatively, the edge may be shaped to allow for contact on points other than the midpoint. For example, the edge may be shaped to allow two or more contact points with the pipe. Further, the edge may be shaped to contact on an end or midpoint of the edge. Only some of the edges may be curved. Straight edges reduce costs and prevent damage to the tab. The straight edges provide more strength at the corners. Curved edges provide a sharper corner, reducing the strength of the corner. In the embodiment shown in
In an exemplary embodiment, the tab 100 may optionally include a lock hole 104. The lock hole 104 may hold the tab 100 in its rotated position by bolt 128. Bolt 128 and 126 may each pass through holes in a top or bottom plate 131 in the ring gear assembly 86. The body 103 may have a perimeter comprised of edges 106, 108, 110, 112, 116, 118. The plurality of edges 106, 108, 110, 112, 116, 118 each defining a smallest distance from a center of the through hole 102 to the respective edge. The body 103 may have any number of edges. Each of the smallest distances of each of the plurality of edges 106, 108, 110, 112, 116, 118 being different in size. The tab 100 may be shaped to have a first smallest distance from a first edge 118 to the through hole 102 center. The tab 100 may be shaped to have a second smallest distance from a second edge 116 to the through hole 102 center. The tab 100 may be shaped to have a third smallest distance from a third edge 112 to the through hole 102 center. The tab 100 may be shaped to have a fourth smallest distance from a fourth edge 110 to the through hole 102 center. The tab 100 may be shaped to have a fifth smallest distance from a fifth edge 108 to the through hole center 102. The tab 100 may be shaped to have a sixth smallest distance from a sixth edge 106 to the through hole center 102. An edge 118 may be shaped to match or substantially match the radius 130 of the throat 85 when the bolt 126 is in the through hole 102 and to not touch the tubular 124 when the an edge 118 is selected. The tubular 124 may also be a pipe 124 or other component used within a well string. The tab 100 may have any number of edges for any number of tubular sizes. For example, an edge 106 may be used with a 4.5-inch diameter tubular. The edge 108 may be used with a 5-inch diameter tubular. The edge 110 may be used with a 5.5-inch diameter tubular. The edge 112 may be used with a 6.6-inch diameter tubular. The edge 116 may be used with a 7.0-inch diameter tubular. The edge 118 may be used with a 7.6-inch diameter tubular. The edges may be shaped to accommodate any size of tubular.
An exemplary embodiment of the tab 100 in the tong 10 will now be described. Referring to
The operation of the tab 100 is a method for centering a tubular 124 within a tong 10. In an exemplary embodiment shown in
If an alternate size of tubular 124 is required or used, the user may swap the jaw size 120 or the teeth 122 size to substantially match the diameter of the new tubular. Tubulars 124 generally come in standard sizes, with various allowable tolerances, as is known in industry. In order to ensure correct positioning of the tubular 124 for the bite using tab 100, the user may rotate tab 100 by loosening bolt 126 or other appropriate fastener 126. The user then rotates tab 100 about through hole 102 into the required position. Once in the required rotated position, the user may tighten bolt 126, or other appropriate fastener 126, securing the tab 100 position through the clamping force on the tab 100. The new tab position has an edge 110, 112, 116, 118, 106, or 108 that is on a diameter defined by the teeth in their biting position or is located within 0.75 inches radially outwards of the diameter.
In an exemplary embodiment of the tab operation, the tab 100 may be used to center a tubular within the power tong. At least one of the plurality of edges of the tab 100 is aligned to match a circumference defined by a closed position of the teeth 122 of the power tong. The tab is secured with a fastener through the through hole of the tab and the fastener-receiving hole 142 of the body of the power tong. In repeated use of the tab, the user may loosen the fastener, rotate the tab to align a different one of the at least one of the plurality of edges with the circumference defined by the position of the teeth in the closed position and tighten the fastener. This operation may be done at various times while the tongs are being used. The tab may also be used for only one size of pipe for one well site, or may be used for multiple different sizes of pipe for the well site. A power tong may be designed to operate with the tab or may be retrofitted by drilling a fastener-receiving hole on the ring gear assembly of the power tong.
Immaterial modifications may be made to the embodiments described here without departing from what is covered by the claims.
In the claims, the word “comprising” is used in its inclusive sense and does not exclude other elements being present. The indefinite articles “a” and “an” before a claim feature do not exclude more than one of the feature being present. Each one of the individual features described here may be used in one or more embodiments and is not, by virtue only of being described here, to be construed as essential to all embodiments as defined by the claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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3198257 | Apr 2023 | CA | national |