Patent Application
20210198978
The present invention relates to downhole apparatus and in particular, but not exclusively, to flow control apparatus, such as sand screens, and methods of operating a valve arrangement of the same.
WO 2009/001069, WO 2009/001073 and WO 2013/132254, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein in their entirety, describe downhole apparatus and arrangements for supporting walls of boreholes and method of operating the valve arrangements thereof. The apparatus includes a plurality of activatable chambers mounted to a base pipe, such that activation of the chambers increases the diameter of the apparatus to at least match the diameter of the borehole. The activatable chambers are configured to support a downhole tool, such as a sand screen.
The present inventors have appreciated the shortcomings in the above-described apparatus and systems.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a downhole apparatus comprising:
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of operating a valve arrangement of a downhole apparatus comprising a tubular body having first and second ports in a wall thereof, the method comprising the steps of:
According to third aspect of the present invention there is provided a valve arrangement for a downhole apparatus having a tubular body having first and second ports in a wall thereof, the valve arrangement being:
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a downhole apparatus comprising:
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of operating a downhole apparatus, the downhole apparatus comprising:
It should be appreciated that the wellbore may be the bore of a subterranean formation.
The method may comprise the further step of operating the valve arrangement to allow fluids to flow from the subterranean formation through the sand control element and into the downhole apparatus; or from the downhole apparatus through the sand control element into the subterranean formation. This step may be performed immediately after the step of operating the valve arrangement to move the sand control element from the first position to the second position. Alternatively, this step may be performed a prolonged period after the step of operating the valve arrangement to move the sand control element from the first position to the second position. This operation allows the downhole reservoir fluids (oil, gas, water) to flow from the formation through the sand screen filter element, through the flow ports of the valve arrangement into the bore and up to the well completion and out of the well; or from the well surface to downhole apparatus, through the sand screen filter element and into the formation.
The tubular body of the downhole apparatus may have two or more pairs of first and second ports in a wall thereof; and two or more valve arrangements, each valve arrangement being associated with a pair of first and second ports, and wherein each valve arrangement has: a locked first configuration, in which the first port is closed and the second port is closed; a locked second configuration, in which the first port is open and the second port is closed; and a third configuration, in which the first port is closed and the second port is open, and the method may comprise the further step of selectively operating each valve arrangement to move the sand control element from the first position to the second position and to allow fluids to flow from the subterranean formation through the sand control element and out of the downhole apparatus.
The selective operation of each valve arrangement may be through hydraulic operation, mechanical operation, or a combination of hydraulic operation and mechanical operation. This allows the reservoir to be produced sand-free, produced efficiently, more effectively drained or flooded with injected fluid; more effectively pressure managed, more effectively swept and formation fluids to be more easily displaced by injected fluids.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention there is provided a downhole apparatus comprising:
The first valve arrangement and the second valve arrangement may be independently operable. The first valve arrangement and the second valve arrangement may be sequentially operable. The first valve arrangement and the second valve arrangement may be located adjacent one another or spaced from one another within the tubular body.
In use, the first valve arrangement may be used to move the sand control element from a first position in which the sand control element is spaced from the surface of a wellbore to a second position in which the sand control element is in contact with the surface of the wellbore.
The second port of the tubular body may be configured such that, in use, fluids may flow from a subterranean formation through the sand control element and into the downhole apparatus, or from the downhole apparatus through the sand control element into a subterranean formation.
The first valve arrangement may be an activation valve arrangement. The second valve arrangement may be a production valve arrangement.
It should be appreciated that the wellbore may be the bore of a subterranean formation.
The first and second valve arrangement may have:
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of operating a downhole apparatus, the downhole apparatus comprising:
The tubular body may comprise a first portion and a second portion. The first portion may be an upper portion and the second portion may be a lower portion.
The locked first configuration may be an initial configuration of the valve arrangement. The locked first configuration may be an initial configuration of the downhole apparatus. In this configuration the downhole apparatus may be run into a bore hole. This is termed run-in-hole (RIH) configuration. The apparatus may already be positioned in a bore hole.
The locked first configuration may be followed by the locked second configuration. The locked second configuration may be followed by the third configuration.
The method may comprise an initial step of running the downhole apparatus into a bore hole. The apparatus may be in the locked first configuration in this step.
The valve arrangement may have a first intermediate configuration between the locked first configuration and the locked second configuration, in which the valve arrangement is unlocked and the first and second ports are closed. The method may comprise the further step of unlocking the valve arrangement from the locked first configuration. The method may comprise the further step of arranging the valve arrangement in the first intermediate configuration.
The valve arrangement may have a second intermediate configuration between the locked second configuration and the third configuration, in which the valve arrangement is unlocked and the first and second ports are closed. The method may comprise the further step of unlocking the valve arrangement from the locked second configuration. The method may comprise the further step of arranging the valve arrangement in the second intermediate configuration.
The third configuration may be an unlocked configuration. The third configuration may be a locked configuration. The method may comprise the further step of locking the valve arrangement in the third configuration.
The valve arrangement may have a fourth configuration, in which the first port is closed and the second port is closed. The fourth configuration may be reached after the valve arrangement has been moved through the first, second and third configurations. The fourth configuration may be an unlocked configuration. The fourth configuration may be a locked configuration. The fourth configuration may be achieved by mechanical intervention. The method may comprise the further step of operating the valve arrangement from the third configuration to the fourth configuration. The method may comprise the further step of locking the valve arrangement in the fourth configuration.
The valve arrangement may be a fluid pressure-responsive valve arrangement. The valve arrangement may be a hydraulically-actuated valve arrangement. The valve arrangement may be hydraulically-actuated. The first configuration may be associated with a first fluid pressure, the second configuration may be associated with a second fluid pressure, the second fluid pressure being higher than the first fluid pressure, and the third configuration may be associated with a third fluid pressure, the third fluid pressure being lower than the second fluid pressure.
Fluid pressure may be applied to the apparatus from the surface by one or more fluid pressure providing apparatus. The fluid pressure applied to the apparatus may be selectively adjustable.
The first fluid pressure may be approximately 0 psi (approx. 0 bar).
The second fluid pressure may be between approximately 2000 psi (approx. 138 bar) to 4000 psi (approx. 275 bar). The second fluid pressure may be between approximately 2500 psi (approx. 172 bar) to 3500 psi (approx. 241 bar). The second fluid pressure may be approximately 3000 psi (approx. 207 bar).
The third fluid pressure may be approximately 0 psi (approx. 0 bar). The third fluid pressure may be between approximately 0 psi (approx. 0 bar) and 350 psi (approx. 24 bar). The third fluid pressure may be between approximately 0 psi (approx. 0 bar) and 800 psi (approx. 55 bar).
The method may comprise the step of applying fluid pressure to the valve arrangement to move the valve arrangement from the locked first configuration to the locked second configuration. This step may unlock the valve arrangement from the locked first configuration. This step may move the valve arrangement to the first intermediate configuration. The method may comprise the further step of reducing the fluid pressure to move the valve arrangement to the locked second configuration. The method may comprise the steps of applying fluid pressure to the valve arrangement to unlock the valve arrangement from the locked first configuration and reducing the fluid pressure to move the valve arrangement to the locked second configuration.
The method may comprise the step of applying fluid pressure to the valve arrangement to move the valve arrangement from the locked second configuration to the third configuration. This step unlocks the valve arrangement from the locked second configuration. This step may move the valve arrangement to the second intermediate configuration. The method may comprise the further step of reducing the fluid pressure to move the valve arrangement to the third configuration. The method may comprise the steps of applying fluid pressure to the valve arrangement to unlock the valve arrangement from the locked second configuration and reducing the fluid pressure to move the valve arrangement to the third configuration.
The second intermediate configuration may be associated with a fluid pressure that is higher than the third fluid pressure. This may be a fourth fluid pressure. The second intermediate configuration may be associated with a fluid pressure that is initially higher than the third fluid pressure, but decreases towards the third fluid pressure.
The fourth fluid pressure may be between approximately 400 psi (approx. 28 bar) to 800 psi (approx. 55 bar). The fourth fluid pressure may be between approximately 500 psi (approx. 34 bar) to 700 psi (approx. 48 bar). The fourth fluid pressure may be approximately 600 psi (approx. 41 bar).
The valve arrangement may be a mechanically-actuated valve arrangement. The valve arrangement may be adapted for mechanical actuation. The valve arrangement may be actuated by an intervention tool, shifting tool, downhole accessory, or the like. The method may comprise the step of moving the valve arrangement between configurations by an intervention tool, shifting tool, downhole accessory, or the like.
The valve arrangement may be a combination of a fluid pressure-responsive valve arrangement and a mechanically-actuated valve arrangement. That is, the valve arrangement may be operable by way of pressurised fluid and/or mechanical actuation.
The valve arrangement may include a valve member.
The valve member may include a first port, the first port being associated with the first port of the tubular body. The valve member may include a second port, the second port being associated with the second port of the tubular body. The valve member may be moveable with respect to the tubular body to open and/or close the first and second ports of the tubular body.
The valve member may be operable to close the first port in the first configuration. The valve member may be operable to close the second port in the first configuration. The valve member may be operable to close the first and second ports in the first configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the valve member to close the first and second ports in the locked first configuration.
The valve member may be operable to open the first port in the second configuration. The valve member may be operable to close the second port in the second configuration. The valve member may be operable to open the first port in the second configuration and close the second port in the second configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the valve member to open the first port and close the second port in the locked second configuration.
The valve member may be operable to close the first port in the third configuration. The valve member may be operable to open the second port in the third configuration. The valve member may be operable to close the first port in the third configuration and open the second port in the third configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the valve member to close the first port and open the second port in the third configuration.
The valve member may be operable to close the first port in the fourth configuration. The valve member may be operable to close the second port in the fourth configuration. The valve member may be operable to close the first and second ports in the fourth configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the valve member to close the first and second ports in the fourth configuration.
The valve member may be operable to close the first port in the first intermediate configuration. The valve member may be operable to close the second port in the first intermediate configuration. The valve member may be operable to close the first and second ports in the first intermediate configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the valve member to close the first and second ports in the first intermediate configuration.
The valve member may be operable to close the first port in the second intermediate configuration. The valve member may be operable to close the second port in the second intermediate configuration. The valve member may be operable to close the first and second ports in the second intermediate configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the valve member to close the first and second ports in the second intermediate configuration.
The valve member may be a sleeve. The valve member may be a sleeve member. The valve member may be located within the tubular body.
The downhole apparatus may further comprise a biasing device. The biasing device may be operable to apply a biasing force to the valve member. The biasing device may be a spring member. The method may comprise the step of applying a biasing force to the valve member.
The valve member may be biased towards a position where the second port is open. The valve member may be biased by the biasing device towards a position where the second port is open. The method may comprise the step of biasing the valve member to a position where the second port is open.
The valve arrangement may comprise one or more locking devices. The locking devices may be configured to lock the valve member in place relative to the tubular body. The locking devices may be retaining members. The retaining members may be configured to lock in grooves in the tubular body.
The one or more locking devices may be releasable locking devices, or lock devices. The retaining members may be shear pins or screws, shear rings, or the like. The retaining members may be a plurality of shear pins or screws, shear rings, or the like.
The locking devices, or lock devices, may be ratchet rings, collet fingers, body lock ring, snap latch, or the like. The valve arrangement may comprise a ratchet ring locking device. The valve member may comprise one or more collet fingers.
The valve arrangement may comprise one or more primary retaining members and one or more secondary retaining members. The primary and secondary retaining members may be shear pins or screws, or the like. The primary retaining members may hold the valve member in a first position relative to the tubular body. The secondary retaining members may hold the valve member in a second position relative to the tubular body. The primary retaining members may hold the valve arrangement in the locked first configuration. The secondary retaining members may hold the valve arrangement in the locked second configuration. The primary and secondary retaining members may be releasable retaining members. In the locked first configuration the primary retaining members are engaged with the valve member to hold the valve member in the locked position and the second retaining members are disengaged from the valve member. In the locked second configuration the primary retaining members are disengaged from the valve member and the second retaining members are engaged with the valve member to hold the valve member in the locked position. The second retaining members may be biased towards the valve member. The second retaining members may be biased towards the valve member by a spring member, or the like. The retaining members may be configured to lock in grooves in the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of engaging the second retaining members with the valve member when the valve member is in the locked second configuration.
The valve arrangement may comprise a further retaining member. The further retaining member may be a ratchet ring, collet fingers, shear ring, or the like. The further retaining member may hold the valve member in the locked third configuration. The further retaining member may hold the valve member in the third configuration. Sections, or elements, of the valve member may be configured to engage with corresponding sections, or elements, of the tubular body to hold and lock the valve member in position relative to the tubular body. The further retaining member may be a non-releasable retaining member, or lock. The further retaining member may be a releasable retaining member, or lock. The method may comprise the step of locking the valve member in the third configuration with the further retaining member.
The valve arrangement may include a piston device. The piston device may be operable to arrange the valve arrangement in the first, second or third configuration. The piston device may be operable to arrange the valve arrangement in the first, second, third or fourth configurations. The piston device may be operable to arrange the valve arrangement in the first intermediate configuration and/or the second intermediate configuration. The piston device may be operable to move the valve member relative to the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of operating the piston device to arrange the valve arrangement in the first, second, third or fourth configurations. The method may comprise the step of operating the piston device to arrange the valve arrangement in the first intermediate configuration and/or the second intermediate configuration.
The piston device may be a differential pressure piston device. The valve arrangement may define the piston device. The valve arrangement may define the differential pressure piston device. The valve arrangement may define a differential pressure piston. The differential pressure piston may be formed between the valve member and the tubular body.
The differential piston device may operate between a first operating surface area and a second operating surface area. The second operating surface area may be smaller than the first operating surface area. The differential piston may have a first operating surface which may be exposed to an internal tubular body fluid pressure and a second operating surface which may be subject to a biasing force from the biasing device. The biasing device may be located between the second operating surface, which is defined by the valve member, and the tubular body.
The biasing device may exert a biasing force on the second operating surface of the piston device. The biasing device may be operable to bias the valve member to a position where the second port is open. The method may comprise the step of operating the differential pressure piston device to arrange the valve arrangement in the first, second, third or fourth configurations. The method may comprise the step of operating the differential pressure piston device by controlling the internal tubular body fluid pressure to arrange the valve arrangement in the first, second, third or fourth configurations.
The valve arrangement may comprise one or more pressure balancing ports. The tubular body may comprise one or more pressure balancing ports. The pressure balancing ports may be provided in the wall of the tubular body. The pressure balancing ports may provide fluid communication between the inside and outside of the tubular body. The one or more pressure balancing ports may be associated with the differential pressure piston. The second operating surface of the differential pressure piston may be exposed to an external fluid pressure by the one or more pressure balancing ports, i.e., the second operating surface of the differential pressure piston may be exposed to a fluid pressure between the tubular body and the well bore, such as annulus pressure. The second operating surface may therefore be subject to fluid pressure in the annulus between the tubular body and the well bore and a biasing force from the biasing device. The method may comprise the step of balancing the fluid pressure between the inside and outside of the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of balancing the fluid pressure between the inside and outside of the tubular body by controlling the internal tubular body fluid pressure. This step may be carried out in the initial configuration, where the downhole apparatus is run into the bore hole.
Operation of the valve member may therefore be determined by the differential pressure between the first and second operating surfaces of the differential pressure piston device. Operation of the valve member may also be determined by the biasing member in absence of fluid pressure.
The first port may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the port in one direction and prevent fluid to flow through the port in an opposite direction. The first port may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the wall of the tubular body, from the inside of the tubular body to the outside of the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through the first port.
The first port may include a check valve. The check valve may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the valve in one direction and prevent fluid to flow through the valve in an opposite direction. The check valve may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the port from the inside of the tubular body to the outside of the tubular body.
The first port may provide fluid communication with a tool or a device. The tool or device may be a downhole tool or device. The first port may provide fluid communication with a chamber. The chamber may be a deformable chamber. The chamber may be a fluid deformable chamber. The device may be a fluid deformable device. The fluid deformable device or chamber may provide support to a sand screen (sand control element). The fluid deformable device may be operable to activate the sand screen. The fluid deformable device or chamber may deform from a first deactivated state to a second activated state. The sand screen may be activated when the fluid deformable device or chamber is in the second activated state. The fluid deformable device or chamber may be mounted on the tubular body. The fluid deformable device or chamber may be mounted on an external surface of the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through the first port to the tool, device, chamber or deformable chamber. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through the first port to activate and extend the sand screen to a borehole wall. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through the first port to activate the sand screen.
The first port may be an activation port.
The downhole apparatus may comprise a plurality of first ports. Each first port may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the port in one direction and prevent fluid to flow through the port in an opposite direction. Each first port may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the wall of the tubular body, from the inside of the tubular body to the outside of the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through each first port.
Each first port may include a check valve. Each check valve may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the valve in one direction and prevent fluid to flow through the valve in an opposite direction. Each check valve may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the port from the inside of the tubular body to the outside of the tubular body.
Each first port may provide fluid communication with a tool or a device. The tool or device may be a downhole tool or device. Each first port may provide fluid communication with a chamber. The chamber may be a deformable chamber. The chamber may be a fluid deformable chamber. The device may be a fluid deformable device. The fluid deformable device or chamber may provide support to a sand screen (sand control element). The fluid deformable device may be operable to activate the sand screen. The fluid deformable device or chamber may deform from a first deactivated state to a second activated state. The sand screen may be activated when the fluid deformable device or chamber is in the second activated state. The sand screen may be extended to a borehole wall when the fluid deformable device or chamber is in the second activated (fluid filled) state. The fluid deformable device or chamber may be mounted on the tubular body. The fluid deformable device or chamber may be mounted on an external surface of the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through each first port to the tool, device, chamber or deformable chamber. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through the first port to activate and extend the sand screen to a borehole wall. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through each first port to activate the sand screen.
The downhole tool or device may be a packer, hanger, sand screen, or bore wall-supporting device.
The second port may provide fluid communication between the interior of the tubular body and the exterior of the tubular body. The fluid communication may be in either direction between the interior and exterior of the tubular body. The second port may be configured to permit flow of production fluid from a formation into the tubular body, and/or to permit treatment fluid to flow from the tubular body to the formation. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through the second port.
The second port may include an inflow control device (ICD).
The second port may be a production port.
The downhole apparatus may comprise a plurality of second ports. Each second port may provide fluid communication between the interior of the tubular body and the exterior of the tubular body. The fluid communication may be in either direction between the interior and exterior of the tubular body. Each second port may be configured to permit flow of production fluid from a formation into the tubular body, and/or to permit treatment fluid to flow from the tubular body to the formation. The treatment fluid may pass through a sand filter to the formation. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through each second port.
The tubular body may have a plurality of first and second ports in the wall thereof.
The downhole apparatus may comprise two or more valve arrangements, each valve arrangement being associated with a first port and a second port, or a pair of first and second ports. Each valve arrangement may be associated with a respective downhole tool or device. Each valve arrangement may be associated with a respective packer, hanger, sand screen, or bore wall-supporting device. The method may comprise the step of operating each valve arrangement.
Each valve arrangement of the downhole apparatus may be operated simultaneously. Each valve arrangement of the downhole apparatus may be operated independently. Each valve arrangement of the downhole apparatus may be operated sequentially. The method may comprise the step of operating each valve arrangement simultaneously, independently or sequentially.
The valve arrangement may comprise a first valve arrangement and a second valve arrangement. The first valve arrangement may be associated with the first port and the second valve arrangement may be associated with the second port. The first valve arrangement and the second valve arrangement may be independently operable. The first valve arrangement and the second valve arrangement may be sequentially operable. The first valve arrangement and the second valve arrangement may be arranged axially along the tubular body. The first valve arrangement and the second valve arrangement may be located adjacent one another or spaced from one another. The method may comprise the step of operating the first valve arrangement and the second valve arrangement. The method may comprise the step of operating the first valve arrangement and the second valve arrangement independently and/or sequentially.
The first valve arrangement may be an activation valve arrangement. The second valve arrangement may be a production valve arrangement.
The first and second valve arrangement may have:
The method may comprise the steps of operating the first and second valve arrangements from the locked first configuration to the locked second configuration, and the locked second configuration to the third configuration.
The first configuration may be an initial configuration of the valve arrangement. The first configuration may be an initial configuration of the downhole apparatus. In this configuration the downhole apparatus may be run into a bore hole. This is termed run-in-hole (RIH) configuration. The apparatus may already be positioned in a bore hole.
The locked first configuration may be followed by the locked second configuration. The locked second configuration may be followed by the third configuration.
The method may comprise an initial step of running the downhole apparatus into a bore hole. The apparatus may be in the locked first configuration in this step.
The first and second valve arrangements may have a first intermediate configuration between the first configuration and the second configuration, in which the first valve arrangement is unlocked, the second valve arrangement is locked and the first and second ports are closed. The method may comprise the further step of unlocking the first valve arrangement from the locked first configuration. The method may comprise the further step of arranging the first and second valve arrangements in the first intermediate configuration.
The first and second valve arrangements may have a second intermediate configuration between the second configuration and the third configuration, in which the first valve arrangement is unlocked, the second valve arrangement is locked and the first and second ports are closed. The method may comprise the further step of unlocking the first valve arrangement from the locked second configuration. The method may comprise the further step of arranging the first and second valve arrangement in the second intermediate configuration.
The first and second valve arrangements may have a third intermediate configuration between the second intermediate configuration and the third configuration, in which the first valve arrangement is locked, the second valve arrangement is locked and the first and second ports are closed. The method may comprise the further step of arranging the first and second valve arrangements in the third intermediate configuration.
The first and second valve arrangements may have a fourth intermediate configuration between the third intermediate configuration and the third configuration, in which the first valve arrangement is locked, the second valve arrangement is unlocked and the first and second ports are closed. The method may comprise the further step of arranging the first and second valve arrangement in the fourth intermediate configuration.
The third configuration may be an unlocked configuration. The third configuration may be a locked configuration. The first and second valve arrangements may be locked in the third configuration. The method may comprise the further step of locking the first and second valve arrangements in the third configuration.
The valve arrangement may have a fourth configuration, in which the first port is closed and the second port is closed. The fourth configuration may be reached after the first and second valve arrangement have been moved through the first, second and third configurations. The fourth configuration may be an unlocked configuration. The fourth configuration may be a locked configuration. The fourth configuration may be achieved by mechanical intervention. The method may comprise the further step of operating the first and second valve arrangements from the third configuration to the fourth configuration. The method may comprise the further step of locking the first and second valve arrangement in the fourth configuration.
The valve arrangement may be a fluid pressure-responsive valve arrangement. The valve arrangement may be a hydraulically-actuated valve arrangement. The valve arrangement may be hydraulically-actuated.
The method may comprise the step of applying fluid pressure to the valve arrangement to move the first and second valve arrangement from the locked first configuration to the locked second configuration. This step may unlock the first valve arrangement from the locked first configuration. This step may move the first and second valve arrangements to the first intermediate configuration. The method may comprise the further step of reducing the fluid pressure to move the first and second valve arrangements to the locked second configuration. The method may comprise the steps of applying fluid pressure to the valve arrangement to unlock the first valve arrangement from the locked first configuration and reducing the fluid pressure to move the first and second valve arrangements to the locked second configuration.
The method may comprise the step of applying fluid pressure to the valve arrangement to move the first and second valve arrangements from the locked second configuration to the second intermediate configuration. This step unlocks the first valve arrangement from the locked second configuration. This step may move the first and second valve arrangements to the second intermediate configuration. The method may comprise the further step of reducing the fluid pressure to move the first and second valve arrangements to the third intermediate configuration.
The method may comprise the step of applying fluid pressure to the valve arrangement to move the first and second valve arrangements from the third intermediate configuration to the fourth intermediate configuration. This step unlocks the second valve arrangement from the locked third intermediate configuration. This step may move the first and second valve arrangements to the fourth intermediate configuration. The method may comprise the further step of reducing the fluid pressure to move the first and second valve arrangement to the third configuration.
The valve arrangement may be a mechanically-actuated valve arrangement. The first and second valve arrangements may be mechanically-actuated valve arrangements. The first and second valve arrangements may be adapted for mechanical actuation. The first and second valve arrangements may be actuated by an intervention tool, shifting tool, or the like. The method may comprise the step of moving the first and second valve arrangements between configurations by an intervention tool, shifting tool, downhole accessory, or the like.
The first and second valve arrangements may be mechanically actuated through the above-referenced configurations. The first and second valve arrangements may be mechanically actuated through the first configuration, the second configuration, the third configuration, the first intermediate configuration, the second intermediate configuration and the fourth intermediate configuration.
The valve arrangement may be a combination of a fluid pressure-responsive valve arrangement and a mechanically-actuated valve arrangement. That is, the valve arrangement may be operable by way of pressurised fluid and/or mechanical actuation. The first valve arrangement may be a fluid pressure-responsive valve arrangement or a mechanically actuated valve arrangement. The second valve arrangement may be a fluid pressure-responsive valve arrangement or a mechanically actuated valve arrangement.
The first valve arrangement may include a first valve member. The second valve arrangement may include a second valve member.
The first valve member may include a first port, the first port being associated with the first port of the tubular body. The second valve member may include a second port, the second port being associated with the second port of the tubular body. The first and second valve members may be moveable with respect to the tubular body to open and/or close the first and second ports of the tubular body.
The first valve member may be operable to close the first port in the first configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the first valve member to close the first port in the locked first configuration.
The first valve member may be operable to open the first port in the second configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the first valve member to open the first port in the locked second configuration.
The first valve member may be operable to close the first port in the third configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the first valve member to close the first port in the third configuration.
The first valve member may be operable to close the first port in the fourth configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the first valve member to close the first port in the fourth configuration.
The first valve member may be a sleeve. The first valve member may be a sleeve member. The first valve member may be located within the tubular body.
The downhole apparatus may further comprise a biasing device. The biasing device may be operable to apply a biasing force to the first valve member. The biasing device may be a spring member. The method may comprise the step of applying a biasing force to the first valve member.
The first valve member may be biased towards a position where the first port is closed. The method may comprise the step of biasing the first valve member to a position where the first port is closed.
The first valve arrangement may comprise one or more locking devices. The locking devices may be configured to lock the first valve member in place relative to the tubular body. The locking devices may be retaining members. The retaining members may be configured to lock in grooves in the tubular body.
The locking devices may be releasable locking devices, or lock devices. The retaining members may be shear pins or screws, shear rings, or the like. The retaining members may be a plurality of shear pins or screws, shear rings, or the like.
The locking devices, or lock devices, may be ratchet rings, collet fingers, body lock ring, snap latch, or the like. The first valve arrangement may comprise a ratchet ring locking device. The first valve arrangement may comprise one or more collet fingers.
The first valve arrangement may comprise one or more primary retaining members and one or more secondary retaining members. The primary and secondary retaining members may be shear pins or screws, or the like. The primary retaining members may hold the first valve member in a first position relative to the tubular body. The secondary retaining members may hold the first valve member in a second position relative to the tubular body. The primary retaining members may hold the first valve arrangement in the locked first configuration. The secondary retaining members may hold the first valve arrangement in the locked second configuration. The primary and secondary retaining members may be releasable retaining members. In the locked first configuration the primary retaining members are engaged with the first valve member to hold the first valve member in the locked position and the second retaining members are disengaged from the first valve member. In the locked second configuration the primary retaining members are disengaged from the first valve member and the second retaining members are engaged with the first valve member to hold the first valve member in the locked position. The second retaining members may be biased towards the first valve member. The second retaining members may be biased towards the first valve member by a spring member, or the like. The retaining members may be configured to lock in grooves in the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of engaging the second retaining members with the first valve member when the first valve member is in the locked second configuration.
The first valve arrangement may comprise a further retaining member. The further retaining member may be a ratchet ring, collet fingers, shear ring, or the like. The further retaining member may hold the first valve member in the locked third intermediate configuration. Sections, or elements, of the first valve member may be configured to engage with corresponding sections, or elements, of the tubular body to hold and lock the first valve member in position relative to the tubular body. The further retaining member may be a non-releasable retaining member, or lock. The method may comprise the step of locking the first valve member when the first valve member is in the locked third intermediate configuration.
The first valve arrangement may include a piston device. The piston device may be operable to arrange the first valve arrangement in the first configuration, the second configuration, the first intermediate configuration, the second intermediate configuration, and the third intermediate configuration. The piston device may be operable to move the first valve member relative to the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of operating the piston device to arrange the first valve arrangement in the first configuration, the second configuration, the fourth configuration, the first intermediate configuration, the second intermediate configuration, and the third intermediate configuration.
The piston device may be a differential pressure piston device. The differential piston device may operate between a first operating surface area and a second operating surface area. The second operating surface area may be smaller than the first operating surface area. The first valve arrangement may define the piston device. The first valve arrangement may define the differential pressure piston device. The first valve arrangement may define a differential pressure piston. The differential piston may be formed between the first valve member and the tubular body.
The differential pressure piston of the first valve arrangement may have a first operating surface which is exposed to an internal tubular body fluid pressure and a second operating surface which is subject to a biasing force from the biasing device. The biasing device may be located between the second operating surface, which is defined by the first valve member, and the tubular body. The biasing device may exert a biasing force on the second operating surface of the piston device. The biasing device may be operable to bias the first valve member to a position where the first port is closed. The method may comprise the step of operating the differential pressure piston device to arrange the first valve arrangement in the first configuration, the second configuration, the first intermediate configuration, the second intermediate configuration, and the third intermediate configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the differential piston device by controlling the internal tubular body fluid pressure to arrange the first valve arrangement in the first configuration, the second configuration, the first intermediate configuration, the second intermediate configuration, and the third intermediate configuration.
The first valve arrangement may comprise one or more pressure balancing ports. The tubular body may comprise one or more pressure balancing ports. The pressure balancing ports may be provided in the wall of the tubular body. The pressure balancing ports may provide fluid communication between the inside and outside of the tubular body. The one or more pressure balancing ports may be associated with the differential pressure piston. The second operating surface of the differential pressure piston may be exposed to an external fluid pressure by the one or more pressure balancing ports, i.e., the second operating surface of the differential piston may be exposed to a fluid pressure between the tubular body and the well bore, such as annulus pressure. The second operating surface may therefore be subject to fluid pressure in the annulus between the tubular body and the well bore and a biasing force from the biasing device. The method may comprise the step of balancing the fluid pressure between the inside and outside of the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of balancing the fluid pressure between the inside and outside of the tubular body by controlling the internal tubular body fluid pressure. This step may be carried out in the initial configuration, where the downhole apparatus is run into the bore hole.
Operation of the first valve member may therefore be determined by the differential pressure between the first and second operating surfaces of the piston.
The first port may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the port in one direction and prevent fluid to flow through the port in an opposite direction. The first port may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the wall of the tubular body, from the inside of the tubular body to the outside of the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through the first port.
The first port may include a check valve. The check valve may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the valve in one direction and prevent fluid to flow through the valve in an opposite direction. The check valve may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the port from the inside of the tubular body to the outside of the tubular body.
The first port may provide fluid communication with a tool or a device. The tool or device may be a downhole tool or device. The first port may provide fluid communication with a chamber. The chamber may be a deformable chamber. The chamber may be a fluid deformable chamber. The device may be a fluid deformable device. The fluid deformable device or chamber may provide support to a sand screen (sand control element). The fluid deformable device may be operable to activate the sand screen. The fluid deformable device or chamber may deform from a first deactivated state to a second activated state. The sand screen may be activated when the fluid deformable device or chamber is in the second activated state. The sand screen may be extended to a borehole wall when the fluid deformable device or chamber is in the second activated (fluid filled) state. The fluid deformable device or chamber may be mounted on the tubular body. The fluid deformable device or chamber may be mounted on an external surface of the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through the first port to the tool, device, chamber or deformable chamber. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through the first port to activate and extend the sand screen to a borehole wall. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through the first port to activate the sand screen.
The first port may be an activation port.
The downhole apparatus may comprise a plurality of first ports. Each first port may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the port in one direction and prevent fluid to flow through the port in an opposite direction. Each first port may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the wall of the tubular body, from the inside of the tubular body to the outside of the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through each first port.
Each first port may include a check valve. Each check valve may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the valve in one direction and prevent fluid to flow through the valve in an opposite direction. Each check valve may be configured to permit fluid to flow through the port from the inside of the tubular body to the outside of the tubular body.
Each first port may provide fluid communication with a tool or a device. The tool or device may be a downhole tool or device. Each first port may provide fluid communication with a chamber. The chamber may be a deformable chamber. The chamber may be a fluid deformable chamber. The device may be a fluid deformable device. The fluid deformable device or chamber may provide support to a sand screen (sand control element). The fluid deformable device may be operable to activate the sand screen. The fluid deformable device or chamber may deform from a first deactivated state to a second activated state. The sand screen may be activated when the fluid deformable device or chamber is in the second activated state. The fluid deformable device or chamber may be mounted on the tubular body. The fluid deformable device or chamber may be mounted on an external surface of the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through each first port to the tool, device, chamber or deformable chamber. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through each first port to activate the sand screen.
The downhole tool or device may be a packer, hanger, sand screen, or bore wall-supporting device.
The second valve member may be operable to close the second port in the first configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the second valve member to close the second port in the locked first configuration.
The second valve member may be operable to close the second port in the second configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the second valve member to close the second port in the locked second configuration.
The second valve member may be operable to open the second port in the third configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the second valve member to open the second port in the third configuration.
The second valve member may be operable to close the second port in the fourth configuration. The method may comprise the step of operating the second valve member to close the second port in the fourth configuration.
The second valve member may be a sleeve. The second valve member may be a sleeve member. The second valve member may be located within the tubular body.
The second valve member may include a first portion and a second portion. The first and second portions of the second valve member may be moveable with respect to one another. The first and second portions of the second valve member may be telescopically arranged. The first and second portions of the second valve member may be slidably arranged with respect to one another. The first portion of the second valve member may be configured to receive at least a portion of the second portion of the second valve member therein. The first and second portions of the second valve member may be releasably lockable with respect to one another. The first and second portions of the second valve member may be releasably lockable with respect to one another via one or more shear pins, screws, collets, collet fingers, ratchet rings, releasable ratchet rings, or the like. The method may include the step of operating the first and second portions of the second valve member. The method may include the step of releasably locking and unlocking the first and second portions of the second valve member together. The step of locking and unlocking may be repeatable.
The first and second portions of the second valve member may be releasably lockable with respect to one another by two separate releasable locking devices. A first locking device may be a retaining member, such as shear pins, screws, or the like, and a further locking device may be a retaining member, such as a retaining ring, ratchet ring, collets, collet fingers, body lock ring, snap latch, or the like. In this arrangement the first and second portions of the second valve member may be telescopically arranged with respect to one another. The further locking device may hold the second valve member in the locked fourth configuration. Sections, or elements, of the first portion of the second valve member may be configured to engage with corresponding sections, or elements, of the second portion of the second valve member to hold and lock the first and second portion together. The further locking device may be a non-releasable retaining member, or lock. The further locking device may be a releasable retaining member, or lock.
The downhole apparatus may further comprise a biasing device. The biasing device may be operable to apply a biasing force to the second valve member. The biasing device may be a spring member. The method may comprise the step of applying a biasing force to the second valve member.
The second valve member may be biased towards a position where the second port is open. The method may comprise the step of biasing the second valve member to a position where the second port is open.
The second valve arrangement may comprise one or more locking devices. The locking devices may be configured to lock the second valve member in place relative to the tubular body. The locking devices may be retaining members.
The locking devices may be releasable locking devices, or lock devices. The retaining members may be shear pins or screws, shear rings, or the like. The retaining members may be a plurality of shear pins or screws, shear rings, or the like.
The locking devices, or lock devices, may be ratchet rings, collets, collet fingers, body lock ring, snap latch, or the like. The second valve arrangement may comprise a ratchet ring locking device. The second valve arrangement may comprise one or more collets and collet fingers.
The second valve arrangement may comprise one or more primary retaining members. The primary retaining members may be releasable retaining members. The primary retaining members may be shear pins or screws, or the like. The primary retaining members may hold the second valve member in a first position relative to the tubular body. The primary retaining members may lock the second valve member relative to the tubular body. The primary retaining members may be associated with the first portion of the second valve member. In this configuration the second port may be closed.
The second valve arrangement may include a piston device. The piston device may be operable to arrange the second valve arrangement in the first configuration, the second configuration, the third configuration, the first intermediate configuration, the second intermediate configuration, the third intermediate configuration or the fourth intermediate configuration. The piston device may be operable to move the second valve member relative to the tubular body. The piston device may be operable to move the first portion of the second valve member relative to the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of operating the piston device to arrange the second valve arrangement in the first configuration, the second configuration, the third configuration, the first intermediate configuration, the second intermediate configuration, the third intermediate configuration or the fourth intermediate configuration.
The piston device may be a differential pressure piston device. The differential piston device may operate between a first operating surface area and a second operating surface area. The second operating surface area may be smaller than the first operating surface area. The second valve arrangement may define the piston device. The second valve arrangement may define the differential pressure piston device. The second valve arrangement may define a differential pressure piston. The differential piston may be formed between the second valve member and the tubular body.
The differential pressure piston of the second valve arrangement may have a first operating surface which is exposed to an internal tubular body fluid pressure and a second operating surface which is subject to a biasing force from the biasing device. The biasing device may be located between the second operating surface, which is defined by the second valve member, and the tubular body. The biasing device may exert a biasing force on the second operating surface of the further piston device. The biasing device may be operable to bias the second valve member to a position where the second port is open. The method may comprise the step of operating the differential pressure piston device to arrange the second valve arrangement in the first configuration, the second configuration, the third configuration, the first intermediate configuration, the second intermediate configuration, the third intermediate configuration or the fourth intermediate configuration.
The second valve arrangement may comprise one or more pressure balancing ports. The tubular body may comprise one or more pressure balancing ports. The pressure balancing ports may be provided in the wall of the tubular body. The pressure balancing ports may provide fluid communication between the inside and outside of the tubular body. The one or more pressure balancing ports may be associated with the differential piston. The second operating surface of the differential piston may be exposed to an external fluid pressure by the one or more pressure balancing ports, i.e., the second operating surface of the differential piston may be exposed to a fluid pressure between the tubular body and the well bore, such as annulus pressure. The second operating surface may therefore be subject to fluid pressure in the annulus between the tubular body and the well bore and a biasing force from the biasing device. The method may comprise the step of balancing the fluid pressure between the inside and outside of the tubular body. The method may comprise the step of balancing the fluid pressure between the inside and outside of the tubular body by controlling the internal tubular body fluid pressure. This step may be carried out in the initial configuration, where the downhole apparatus is run into the bore hole.
Operation of the second valve member may therefore be determined by the differential pressure between the first and second operating surfaces of the further piston.
The second port may provide fluid communication between the interior of the tubular body and the exterior of the tubular body. The fluid communication may be in either direction between the interior and exterior of the tubular body. The second port may be configured to permit flow of production fluid from a formation into the tubular body, and/or to permit treatment fluid to flow from the tubular body to the formation. The treatment fluid may pass through a sand filter to the formation. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through the second port.
The second port may include an inflow control device (ICD).
The second port may be a production port.
The second port may be provided in the second portion of the second valve member.
The downhole apparatus may comprise a plurality of second ports. Each second port may provide fluid communication between the interior of the tubular body and the exterior of the tubular body. The fluid communication may be in either direction between the interior and exterior of the tubular body. Each second port may be configured to permit flow of production fluid from a formation into the tubular body, and/or to permit treatment fluid to flow from the tubular body to the formation. The treatment fluid may pass through a sand filter to the formation. The method may comprise the step of communicating fluid through each second port.
Each second port may be provided in the second portion of the second valve member.
The tubular body may have a plurality of first and second ports in the wall thereof.
The downhole apparatus may comprise two or more first and second valve arrangements, each first and second valve arrangement being associated with a first port and a second port. Each first and second valve arrangement may be associated with a respective downhole tool or device. Each first and second valve arrangement may be associated with a respective packer, hanger, sand screen, or bore wall-supporting device. The method may comprise the step of operating each valve arrangement.
Each first and second valve arrangement of the downhole apparatus may be operated simultaneously. Each first and second valve arrangement of the downhole apparatus may be operated independently. Each first and second valve arrangement of the downhole apparatus may be operated sequentially. The method may comprise the step of operating each valve arrangement simultaneously, independently or sequentially.
Embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention may include one or more features of the first aspect of the present invention or their embodiments. Embodiments of the third aspect of the present invention may include one or more features of the first or second aspects of the present invention or their embodiments. Embodiments of the fourth aspect of the present invention may include one or more features of the first, second or third aspects of the present invention or their embodiments. Embodiments of the fifth aspect of the present invention may include one or more features of the first, second, third or fourth aspects of the present invention or their embodiments. Embodiments of the sixth aspect of the present invention may include one or more features of the first, second, third, fourth or fifth aspects of the present invention or their embodiments. Embodiments of the seventh aspect of the present invention may include one or more features of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth aspects of the present invention or their embodiments.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the drawings, in which:
With reference to
As described below, the downhole apparatus 10 and sand screens 2 are run into the wellbore/subterranean formation with the sand screens 2 in a deactivated (retracted) configuration and then subsequently activated to assume a larger diameter configuration. In the activated configuration the outer surface of the sand screens 2 engage with the bore wall to provide support thereto.
The apparatus 10 includes a drainage layer 16 located on top of the chambers 14. The drainage layer 16 is an aperture sheet that extends longitudinally along the base pipe 12. The drainage layer 16 is rotationally offset relative to the chambers 14, such that when the chambers 14 are activated the drainage layer 16 bridges gaps 18 between the chambers 14.
The drainage layer 16 supports a filter 20. The filter 20 may be a weave. A protective shroud 22 is provided over the filter 20.
With reference to
In addition to the above components, the downhole apparatus 10 also comprises: a valve joint section 28, which may be used to connect the lower end of the valve arrangement 26 to the upper end of an adjacent valve arrangement/sand screen section, or a bull nose end seal, if the valve arrangement 26 is the last valve arrangement of the apparatus; and a screen joint section 30 (which may also be the base pipe 12), which may be used to connect the upper end of the valve arrangement 26 (sand screen) (tubular body 24) to the lower end of an adjacent valve arrangement. The valve joint section 28 is attached to a cross-over section 32 (an example of a connection member, or a valve joint section connection member), which is attached to the tubular body 24. As described further below, the cross-over section 32 provides a retaining member for locking of the valve arrangement 26.
The tubular body 24 is a generally cylindrical member that defines a first port 24a and a second port 24b. The tubular body comprises a first portion 24c and a second portion 24d. The first portion 24c is an upper portion and the second portion is a lower portion 24d. The tubular body 24 also includes a valve clamp body 25 which connects the first and second portions 24c, 24d of the tubular body 24 together.
First and second ports 24a and 24b are apertures in the wall of the tubular body 24. In the embodiment illustrated and described here the tubular body 24 includes a plurality of first and second ports 24a, 24b circumferentially arranged around the tubular body 24.
The valve arrangement 26 is located towards the lower end 10b of the apparatus 10. In the embodiment illustrated and described here the valve arrangement 26 is a single valve and has an upper end 26a and a lower end 26b. The valve arrangement 26 includes a valve member 26c. The valve member 26c has an upper end 26h and a lower end 26i. The valve member 26c is a generally cylindrical member that includes a first port 26d and a second port 26e in the wall thereof. The first and second ports 26d, 26e are apertures in the wall. The valve member 26c includes a plurality of first and second ports 26d, 26e circumferentially arranged around the valve member 26c. Each first and second port 26d, 26e includes a sealing member 26f, 26g positioned on either side of the first and second ports 26d, 26e. The seals 26f, 26g are configured to provide a seal between the first and second ports 26d, 26e of the valve member 26c and the tubular body 24, such that the first and second ports 24a, 24b of the tubular body 24 may be sealed when pressurised fluid is being passed through the ports, or isolated when fluid is not being passed through the ports.
As described further below, the first port 26d of the valve member 26c is associated with the first port 24a of the first portion 24c of the tubular body 24 and the second port 26e of the valve member 26c is associated with the second port 24b of the first portion 24c of the tubular body 24, and the valve member 26c is moveable with respect to the tubular body 24. The valve member 26c is a sleeve member and is configured to slide within the tubular body 24 to open and/or close the first and second ports 24a, 24b of the tubular body 24. As described further below, the valve arrangement 26 is configurable to control the flow of fluid through the first and second ports 24a, 24b of the tubular body 24.
The first ports 24a of the first portion 24c of the tubular body 24 are activation ports and are arranged to provide fluid communication with the activation chambers 14. As described further below, fluid pressure within the tubular body 24 may be communicated to the chambers 14 through the first ports 24a via operation of the valve member 26c. Each first port 24a includes a check valve 24e that is arranged to permit fluid flow through the port 24a (and valve arrangement 26) in one direction and to prevent fluid to flow through the port 24a (and valve arrangement 26) in an opposite direction. The check valve 24e, and hence the first port 24a, is configured to permit fluid to flow through the first port 24a from the inside of the tubular body 24 to the chamber 14. In this configuration, the chambers 14, once activated, remain activated. As described above, activation of the chambers 14 activates the sand screens 2. The sand screens 2 therefore also remain activated once the chambers 14 have been activated.
The second ports 24b of the tubular body 24 are production ports and are arranged to provide fluid communication between the interior of the tubular body 24 and the exterior of the tubular body 24. As described further below, the second ports 24b are configured to permit flow of production fluid, such as oil and gas, from a wellbore formation into the tubular body, and/or to permit treatment fluid to flow from the tubular body 24 to the wellbore formation. The treatment fluid may pass through a sand filter to the formation.
Each second port 24b may include an inflow control device (ICD) 34.
The downhole apparatus 10 also comprises a spring member 36 (an example of a biasing device) located between the valve member 26c and the second portion 24d of the tubular body 24. The spring member 36 is configured to apply a biasing force to the valve member 26c to bias the valve member 26c to a position where the second port 24b is open.
The valve arrangement 26 also comprises a plurality of primary retaining members 38 (an example of one or more locking devices). As illustrated in
The valve arrangement 26 also comprises a plurality of secondary retaining members 40 (an example of one or more locking devices). As illustrated in
In the configuration illustrated in
The valve arrangement 26 also comprises a further retaining member 42 (an example of one or more locking devices). The further retaining member 42 is a ratchet ring 42b (ratchet snap ring) that is located within the cross-over section 32. The retaining member 42 is configured to lock the valve member 26c in position relative to the tubular body. The retaining member 42 is configured to receive and engage with a complimentary-shaped portion, or profile, of the valve member 26c. The ratchet ring 42b of the retaining member 42 is configured to receive and engage with a complimentary ratchet profile 42a of the lower end 26b of the valve member 26. The ratchet ring 42b may be a shear ring, such that the retaining member 42 may be released via mechanical override, mechanical actuation. The retaining member 42 may therefore be releasable.
The valve arrangement 26 also comprises a timing pin 41. The timing pin 41 is mounted in the first portion 24c of the tubular body 24 and is configured to engage with a timing pin slot 41a in the valve member 26c. The timing pin 41 and timing pin slot 41a are configured to prevent rotation of the valve member 26c relative to the tubular body 24 during use. The timing pin 41 and timing pin slot 41a are also configured to ensure alignment of the first port 24a and a second port 24b of the tubular body 24 with the first port 26d and a second port 26e of the valve member 26c.
The valve arrangement 26 also includes a piston device 44. The piston device 44 is a differential pressure piston. The piston device 44 is operable to arrange the valve arrangement 26 in various configurations, as described further below. The piston device 44 is operable to move the valve member 26c relative to the tubular body 24. The valve arrangement 26 defines the differential piston device 44. The differential piston device 44 being arranged between the lower end 26i of the valve member 26c and the second portion 24d of the tubular body 24. The piston device 44 has a first operating surface 44a, which may be exposed to a fluid pressure within the tubular body 24, and a second operating surface 44b, which is subject to a biasing force from the spring member 36 (an example of a biasing device). The differential piston device 44 operates between a first operating seal diameter (first operating surface 44a) and a second (smaller) operating seal diameter (created by sealing member 26f). The spring member 36 is located between the second operating surface 44b and the second portion 24d of the tubular body 24. As described above, the spring member 36 is operable to bias the valve member 26 to a position where the second port 24b is open.
The valve arrangement 26 also comprises pressure balancing ports 46. The pressure balancing ports 46 are associated with the differential piston device 44. The pressure balancing ports 46 are provided in the wall of the second portion 24d of the tubular body 24 and provide fluid communication between the inside and outside of the tubular body 24. The second operating surface 44b of the differential piston 44 is exposed to an external fluid pressure by the pressure balancing ports 46, i.e., the second operating surface 44b of the differential piston is exposed to a fluid pressure between the tubular body 24 and the well bore, such as annulus pressure. The second operating surface 44b may therefore be subject to fluid pressure in the annulus between the tubular body 24 and the well bore and a biasing force from the spring member 36.
In the embodiment illustrated and described here the valve arrangement 26 is therefore a fluid pressure-responsive valve arrangement. The valve arrangement 26 being hydraulically-operable via pressurised fluid applied to the apparatus 10.
The operation of the valve arrangement 26 and activation of the chambers 14 will now be described with reference to
The valve arrangement 26 may have a locked first configuration, in which the first port 24a is closed and the second port 24b is closed; a locked second configuration, in which the first port 24a is open and the second port 24b is closed; and a third configuration, in which the first port 24a is closed and the second port 24b is open.
As illustrated in
Once the lowermost end of the apparatus 10 is closed, there is initially no pressurised fluid inside the tubular body 24 (this may be an example of a first fluid pressure). This is illustrated at point A in
The valve arrangement 26 is now moved to a first intermediate configuration (Point B—
With the lowermost end of the apparatus 10 closed, the inside of the tubular body 24 is pressurised with fluid from the surface from a fluid pressure generation device, or the like. In the embodiment described here and illustrated in
Increasing the pressure to 2500 psi moves the valve member 26c upwards and causes the primary retaining members 38 to be released (sheared). This is effected by applying a greater force to the first operating surface 44a than the second operating surface 44b of the differential piston device 44. That is, the primary retaining members 38 are sheared due to the pressure differential created by different piston areas acting in opposing directions. The primary retaining members 38 are sheared due to the force difference created between the first operating seal (large diameter) (first operating surface 44a) and the second (smaller) diameter operating seal (created by sealing member 26f). For example, the seal at the first operating surface 44a has an area of approximately 40 in2 (approximately 258 cm2) and the seal at sealing member 26f has an area of approximately 28 in2 (approximately 181 cm2). This means when pressure is applied, there is a net 12 in2 (77 cm2) piston area acting to shear the retaining members 38, i.e. 100 psi applied equates to 1,200 lbs force acting to shear the retaining members 38 and compress the spring 46.
In this position the secondary retaining members 40 are disengaged from the valve member 26c, the ratchet profile 42a of the valve member 26c is disengaged from the ratchet ring 42b of the further retaining member 42, the upper end 26h of the valve member 26 abuts against the shoulder portion 24f of the first portion 24c of the tubular body 24 and the spring member 36 is further compressed. The chambers 14 are also in an inactive (deflated) state and remain isolated from the internal pressurised fluid in the tubular body 24. This operation may be termed the primary shear (1st shear).
The valve arrangement 26 is now moved to the locked second configuration (Point C—
To move the valve arrangement 26 from the first intermediate configuration to the second locked configuration the fluid pressure in the tubular body 24 is reduced (bled off). As illustrated in
Decreasing the pressure towards 0 psi causes the valve member 26c to move downwards and the secondary retaining members 40 to engage with the valve member 26c. That is, as the pressure is bled off, the spring member 36 applies a greater force than the differential pressure across the differential piston device 44.
As described above, the secondary retaining members 40 are spring biased towards the valve member 26c. In this position the valve member 26c is locked relative to the tubular body 24 and the first ports 24a are open. The chambers 14 are also in an inactive (deflated) state but are no longer isolated from the internal pressurised fluid in the tubular body 24. As illustrated in
In this configuration the chambers 14 may now be activated by filling them with pressurised fluid from the tubular body 24. Pressurised fluid is passed through the first ports 26d of the valve member 26c, the first ports 24a of the tubular body 24 and through the one way check valves 24e to activate the chambers 14. The activated chambers 14 are illustrated in
In this position the ratchet profile 42b of the ratchet profile 42a of the valve member 26c is disengaged from the ratchet ring 42 of the further retaining member 42, the upper end 26h of the valve member 26 is spaced from the shoulder portion 24f of the first portion 24c of the tubular body 24 and the spring member 36 is extended. This operation may be termed the activation state.
As illustrated in
Increasing the fluid pressure towards 600 psi moves the valve arrangement 26 towards a second intermediate configuration (Point D—
Increasing the fluid pressure towards 600 psi (this is an example of a fourth fluid pressure) moves the valve member 26c upwards and causes the secondary retaining members 40 to be released (sheared). This is effected by applying a greater force to the first operating surface 44a than the second operating surface 44b of the differential piston device 44. That is, the secondary retaining members 40 are sheared due to the pressure differential created by different piston areas acting in opposing directions. The secondary retaining members 40 are sheared due to the force difference created between the first operating seal (large diameter) (first operating surface 44a) and the second (smaller) diameter operating seal (created by sealing member 26f).
As illustrated in
In this position the ratchet profile 42a of the valve member 26c is disengaged from the ratchet ring 42b of the further retaining member 42, the upper end 26h of the valve member 26c abuts against the shoulder portion 24f of the first portion 24c of the tubular body 24 and the spring member 36 is further compressed. The chambers 14 are also in an activated state and are isolated from the internal pressurised fluid in the tubular body 24. Pressurised fluid is thus locked into each of the chambers 14 by the individual check valves 24e. This operation may be termed the secondary shear.
The valve arrangement 26 is now moved to the third configuration (Point E—
To move the valve arrangement 26 from the second intermediate configuration to the locked third configuration the fluid pressure in the tubular body 24 is reduced (bled off). As illustrated in
Decreasing the pressure towards 0 psi causes the valve member 26c to move downwards and the valve member 26c to engage with the retaining member 42. This is effected by the spring member 36 applying a greater force to the second operating surface 44b than the differential fluid pressure acting across the areas of the differential piston device 44.
In this position the valve member 26c is locked relative to the tubular body 24 and the second ports 24b are open. The chambers 14 are also in an activated state and are isolated from the internal pressurised fluid in the tubular body 24. As illustrated in
In this configuration fluid communication can occur between the formation (reservoir), the tubular body 24 and the surface. Production fluid may now pass from the formation through the second ports 24b and into the tubular body 24.
In this position the ratchet profile 42a of the valve member 26c is engaged with the ratchet ring 42b of the further retaining member 42, the upper end 26h of the valve member 26c is spaced from the shoulder portion 24f of the first portion 24c of the tubular body 24 and the spring member 36 is extended. In this configuration the differential piston 44 is also unseated, to remove any residual pressure acting thereon. This operation may be termed the production state.
The valve arrangement 26 may also have a locked fourth configuration, in which the valve member 26c is locked and the first and second ports 24a, 24b are closed. The locked fourth configuration may be achieved after the third configuration. The locked fourth configuration of the valve arrangement 26 is one where the valve arrangement 26 is moved from a production position to a shut-off position. The fourth configuration may be achieved by mechanical intervention, e.g., by using a shifting tool to mechanically move the valve member 26c to a position where the first and second ports 24a, 24b are closed and the valve member 26c is locked relative to the tubular body 24. The valve member 26c may be locked with a suitable retaining member of lock device, such as a collet, ratchet ring etc. The locking device may be releasable. In the embodiment illustrated and described here a shifting tool may move the valve upwards and lock the valve member 26c relative to the tubular body 24 with the first and second ports 24a. 24b closed.
With reference to
With reference to
In addition to the above components, the downhole apparatus 10′ also comprises: a valve joint section (not illustrated), which may be used to connect the lower end of the dual valve arrangement 26′ to the upper end of an adjacent valve arrangement/sand screen section, or a bull nose end seal, if the dual valve arrangement 26′ is the last valve arrangement of the apparatus; and a screen joint section (not illustrated), which may be used to connect the upper end of the dual valve arrangement 26′ (sand screen) to the lower end of an adjacent valve arrangement.
The tubular body 24′ is a generally cylindrical member that defines first ports 24a′ and second ports 24b′. The tubular body 24′ comprises a first upper portion 24c′ and a second lower portion 24d′.
First and second ports 24a′ and 24b′ are apertures in the wall of the tubular body 24′. In the embodiment illustrated and described here the tubular body 24′ includes a plurality of first and second ports 24a′, 24b′ circumferentially arranged around the tubular body 24′.
The first valve arrangement 126′ is illustrated in
In the embodiment illustrated and described here the first valve arrangement 126′ is a single valve and has an upper end 26a′ and a lower end 26b′. The first valve arrangement 126′ includes a first valve member 26c′. The first valve member 26c′ has an upper end 26h′ and a lower end 26i′. The first valve member 26c′ is a generally cylindrical member that includes a first port 26d′ in the wall thereof. The first port 26d′ is an aperture in the wall. The first valve member 26c′ includes a plurality of first ports 26d′ circumferentially arranged around the first valve member 26c′. Each first port 26d′ includes a sealing member 26f′ positioned on either side of the first port 26d′. The sealing member 26f′ is configured to provide a fluid seal between the first ports 26d′ of the first valve member 26c′ and the tubular body 24′, such that the first ports 24a′ of the tubular body 24′ may be sealed when pressurised fluid is being passed through the ports, or isolated when fluid is not being passed through the ports.
As described further below, the first ports 26d′ of the first valve member 26c′ are associated with the first port 24a′ of the tubular body 24′, and the first valve member 26c′ is moveable with respect to the tubular body 24′. The first valve member 26c′ is a sleeve member and is configured to slide within the tubular body 24′ to open and/or close the first ports 24a′ of the tubular body 24′. As described further below, the first valve arrangement 126′ is configurable to control the flow of fluid through the first ports 24a′ of the tubular body 24′.
The first ports 24a′ of the tubular body 24′ are activation ports and are arranged to provide fluid communication with the activation chambers 14′. As described further below, fluid pressure within the tubular body 24′ may be communicated to the chambers 14′ through the first ports 24a′ via operation of the first valve member 26c′. Each first port 24a′ includes a check valve 24e′ that is arranged to permit fluid flow through the port 24a′ (and first valve arrangement 126′) in one direction and to prevent fluid to flow through the port 24a′ (and first valve arrangement 126′) in an opposite direction. The check valve 24e′, and hence the first port 24a′, is configured to permit fluid to flow through the first port 24a′ from the inside of the tubular body 24′ to the chamber 14′. In this configuration, the chambers 14′, once activated, remain activated. As described above, activation of the chambers 14′ activates the sand screens 2′. The sand screens 2′ therefore also remain activated once the chambers 14′ have been activated.
The first valve arrangement 126′ includes a spring member 36′ (an example of a biasing device) located between the first valve member 26c′ and the second portion 24d′ of the tubular body 24′. The spring member 36′ is configured to apply a biasing force to the first valve member 26c′ to bias the first valve member 26c′ to a position where the first port 24a′ is closed.
The first valve arrangement 126′ also comprises a plurality of primary retaining members 38′ (an example of one or more locking devices). As illustrated in FIG. 4a, the primary retaining members 38′ are configured to lock the first valve member 26c′ in position relative to the tubular body 24′. In the embodiment illustrated and described here the primary retaining members 38′ are shear screws. The primary retaining members 38′ are therefore releasable retaining members. The retaining members 38′ may be configured to lock in grooves 38a′ in the first valve member 26c′.
The first valve arrangement 126′ also comprises a plurality of secondary retaining members 40′ (an example of one or more locking devices). As illustrated in
In the configuration illustrated in
The first valve arrangement 126′ also comprises a further retaining member 42′ (an example of one or more locking devices). The retaining member 42′ is configured to lock the first valve member 26c′ in position relative to the tubular body 24′. The retaining member 42′ is defined by the tubular body 24′ and is configured to receive and engage with a complimentary-shaped portion, or profile, of the first valve member 26c′, as illustrated in
The first valve arrangement 126′ also includes a piston device 44′. The piston device 44′ is a differential pressure piston. The piston device 44′ is operable to arrange the first valve arrangement 126′ in various configurations, as described further below. The piston device 44′ is operable to move the first valve member 26c′ relative to the tubular body 24′. The first valve arrangement 126′ defines the differential pressure piston device 44′. The differential pressure piston device 44′ being arranged between the first valve member 26c′ and the first and second portions 24c′, 24d′ of the tubular body 24′. The piston device 44′ has a first operating surface 44a′, which may be exposed to a fluid pressure within the tubular body 24′, and a second operating surface 44b′, which is subject to a biasing force from the spring member 36′ (an example of a biasing device). The differential piston device 44′ operates between a first operating seal diameter (first operating surface 44a′) and a second (smaller) operating seal diameter (created by sealing member 26f′). The spring member 36′ is located between the second operating surface 44b′ and the second portion 24d′ of the tubular body 24′. As described above, the spring member 36′ is operable to bias the first valve member 26c′ to a position where the first port 24a′ is closed.
The first valve arrangement 126′ also comprises pressure balancing ports 46′. The pressure balancing ports 46′ are associated with the differential piston device 44′. The pressure balancing ports 46′ are provided in the wall of the tubular body 24′ and provide fluid communication between the inside and outside of the tubular body 24′. The second operating surface 44b′ of the differential piston 44′ is exposed to an external fluid pressure by the pressure balancing ports 46′, i.e., the second operating surface 44b′ of the differential piston is exposed to a fluid pressure between the tubular body 24′ and the well bore, such as annulus pressure. The second operating surface 44b′ may therefore be subject to fluid pressure in the annulus between the tubular body 24′ and the well bore and a biasing force from the spring member 36′.
In the embodiment illustrated and described here the first valve arrangement 126′ is therefore a fluid pressure-responsive valve arrangement. The first valve arrangement 126′ being hydraulically-operable via pressurised fluid applied to the apparatus 10′.
The second valve arrangement 226′ is illustrated in
In the embodiment illustrated and described here the second valve arrangement 226′ has a second valve member 226c′ that comprises a first portion 226a′ and a second portion 226b′. As described further below, the first and second portions 226a′, 226b′ are slidably moveable with respect to one another and may be telescopically arranged, such that the first portion 226a′ may receive a portion of the second portion 226b′ therein. The first and second portions 226a′, 226b′ are locked together by shear screws, or pins, 39′ (an example of a retaining member and a releasable retaining member). As described further below, the first and second portions 226a′, 226b′ also include a further retaining member 43′ (an example of a further locking device). In the embodiment illustrated and described here the retaining member 43′ comprises collet fingers 45′ arranged on the second portion 226b′ that are configured to engage with grooves 45a′ on the tubular body 24′ and grooves 45b′ on the first portion 226a′. The retaining member 43′ may be released via mechanical override, mechanical actuation. The retaining member 43′ may therefore be releasable.
The first portion 226a′ has an upper end 226d′ and a lower end 226e′. The first portion 226a′ is a generally cylindrical member. The first portion 226a′ includes a spring member 236′ (an example of a biasing device) located between the first portion 226a′ of the second valve member 226c′ and the second portion 24d′ of the tubular body 24′. The spring member 236′ is configured to apply a biasing force to the second valve member 226c′ to bias the second valve member 226c′ to a position where the second port 24b′ is open.
The second portion 226b′ has an upper end 226f′ and a lower end 226g′. The second portion 226b′ is a generally cylindrical member that includes a second port 26e′ in the wall thereof. The second port 26e′ is an aperture in the wall. The second valve member 226c′ includes a plurality of second ports 26e′ circumferentially arranged around the second portion 226b′ of the second valve member 226c′. Each second port 26e′ includes a sealing member 126f′ positioned on either side of the second port 26e′. The sealing member 126F is configured to provide a fluid seal between the second ports 26e′ of the second portion 226b′ of the second valve member 226c′ and the tubular body 24′, such that the second ports 24b′ of the tubular body 24′ may be sealed when pressurised fluid is being passed through the ports, or isolated when fluid is not being passed through the ports.
As described further below, the second port 26e′ of the second valve member 226c′ is associated with the second port 24b′ of the tubular body 24′, and the second valve member 226c′ is moveable with respect to the tubular body 24′. The second valve member 226c′ is a sleeve member and is configured to slide within the tubular body 24′ to open and/or close the second ports 24b′ of the tubular body 24′. As described further below, the second valve arrangement 226′ is configurable to control the flow of fluid through the second ports 24b′ of the first portion 24c′ of the tubular body 24′.
The second ports 24b′ of the tubular body 24′ are production ports and are arranged to provide fluid communication between the interior of the tubular body 24′ and the exterior of the tubular body 24′. As described further below, the second ports 24b′ are configured to permit flow of production fluid from a wellbore formation into the tubular body 24′, and/or to permit treatment fluid to flow from the tubular body 24′ to the wellbore formation. The treatment fluid may pass through a sand filter to the formation.
Each second port 24b′ may include an inflow control device (ICD) 34′.
The second valve arrangement 226′ also comprises a plurality of primary retaining members 238′ (an example of one or more locking devices). As illustrated in
The second valve arrangement 226′ also comprises a timing pin 241′ (see
The second valve arrangement 226′ also includes a piston device 244′. The piston device 244′ is a differential pressure piston. The piston device 244′ is operable to arrange the second valve arrangement 226′ in various configurations, as described further below. The piston device 244′ is operable to move the second valve member 226c′ relative to the tubular body 24′ The second valve arrangement 226′ defines the differential pressure piston device 244′. The differential piston device 244′ being arranged between the first and second portions 24c′, 24d′ of the tubular body 24′ and the first and second portions 226a′, 226b′ of the second valve member 226c′. The piston device 244′ has a first operating surface (or area) 244a′, which may be exposed to a fluid pressure within the tubular body 24′, and a second operating surface (or area) 244b′, which is subject to a biasing force from the spring member 236′ (an example of a biasing device). The differential piston device 244′ operates between a first operating seal diameter (first operating surface 244a′) and a second (smaller) operating seal diameter (created by sealing member 126f′).
The spring member 236′ is located between the second operating surface 244b′ and the second portion 24d′ of the tubular body 24′. As described above, the spring member 236′ is operable to bias the second valve member 226c′ to a position where the second port 24b′ is open.
The second valve arrangement 226′ also comprises pressure balancing ports 246′. The pressure balancing ports 246′ are associated with the differential piston device 244′. The pressure balancing ports 246′ are provided in the wall of the second portion 24d′ of the tubular body 24′ and provide fluid communication between the inside and outside of the tubular body 24′. The second operating surface 244b′ of the differential piston 244′ is exposed to an external fluid pressure by the pressure balancing ports 246′, i.e., the second operating surface 244b′ of the differential piston is exposed to a fluid pressure between the tubular body 24′ and the well bore, such as annulus pressure. The second operating surface 244b′ may therefore be subject to fluid pressure in the annulus between the tubular body 24′ and the well bore and a biasing force from the spring member 236′.
In the embodiment illustrated and described here the second valve arrangement 226′ is therefore a fluid pressure-responsive valve arrangement. The second valve arrangement 226′ being hydraulically-operable via pressurised fluid applied to the apparatus 10′.
The operation of the dual valve arrangement 26′ and activation of the chambers 14′ will now be described with reference to
The dual valve arrangement 26′ may have a locked first configuration, in which the first port 24a′ is closed and the second port 24b′ is closed; a locked second configuration, in which the first port 24a′ is open and the second port 24b′ is closed; and a third configuration, in which the first port 24a′ is closed and the second port 24b′ is open.
locked 1st configuration
As illustrated in
Also, as illustrated in
The chambers 14′ are also in an inactive (deflated) state. This corresponds to
Once the lowermost end of the apparatus 10 is closed, there is initially no pressurised fluid inside the tubular body 24′ (this may be an example of a first fluid pressure). This is illustrated in
The dual valve arrangement 26′ is now moved to a first intermediate configuration (Point B—
With the lowermost end of the apparatus 10′ closed, the inside of the tubular body 24′ is pressurised with fluid from the surface. In the embodiment described here and illustrated in
Increasing the pressure to 2500 psi moves the first valve member 26c′ downwards and causes the primary retaining members 38′ to be released (sheared). This is effected by applying a greater force to the first operating surface (area) 44a′ than the second operating surface (area) 44b′ of the differential piston device 44′.
In this position the secondary retaining members 40′ are disengaged from the first valve member 26c′, the upper end 26h′ of the first valve member 26′ is spaced from the shoulder portion 24f′ of the first portion 24c′ of the tubular body 24′, the lower end 26i′ of the first valve member 26′ is seated against the seat portion 24g′ of the tubular body 24′, the retaining member 42′ is disengaged and the spring member 36′ is further compressed. The chambers 14′ are also in an inactive (deflated) state and remain isolated from the internal pressurised fluid in the tubular body 24′. This operation may be termed the primary shear (1st shear).
The dual valve arrangement 26′ is now moved to the locked second configuration (Point C—
To move the first valve arrangement 126′ from the first intermediate configuration to the second locked configuration the fluid pressure in the tubular body 24′ is reduced (bled off). As illustrated in
Decreasing the pressure towards 0 psi causes the first valve member 26c′ to move upwards and the secondary retaining members 40′ to engage with the first valve member 26c′. This is effected by the spring member 36′ applying a greater force to the second operating surface (area) 44b′ than the fluid pressure acting on the first operating surface (area) 44a′ of the differential piston device 44′.
As described above, the secondary retaining members 40′ are spring biased towards the valve member 26c via spring member 40a′. In this position the first valve member 26c′ is locked relative to the tubular body 24′ and the first ports 24a′ are open. The chambers 14′ are also in an inactive (deflated) state but are no longer isolated from the internal pressurised fluid in the tubular body 24′. As illustrated in
In this configuration the chambers 14′ may now be activated by filling them with pressurised fluid from the tubular body 24′. Pressurised fluid is passed through the first ports 26d′ of the first valve member 26c′, the first ports 24a′ of the tubular body 24′ and through the one way check valves 24e′ to inflate the chambers 14′. Note the activated chambers 14′ are omitted from
In this position the upper end 26h′ of the first valve member 26c′ is spaced from the shoulder portion 24f′ of the first portion 24c′ of the tubular body 24′, the lower end 26i′ of the first valve member 28c′ is spaced from the seat portion 24g′ of the tubular body 24′, the retaining member 42′ is disengaged and the spring member 36′ is extended. This operation may be termed the activation state.
As illustrated in
Increasing the fluid pressure towards 600 psi moves the first valve arrangement 126′ towards a second intermediate configuration (Point D—
Increasing the fluid pressure towards 600 psi (this is an example of a fourth fluid pressure) moves the first valve member 26c′ downwards and causes the secondary retaining members 40′ to be released (sheared). This is effected by applying a greater force to the first operating surface (area) 44a′ than the second operating surface (area) 44b′ of the differential piston device 44′. As illustrated in
In this position the upper end 26h′ of the first valve member 26c′ is spaced from the shoulder portion 24f′ of the first portion 24c′ of the tubular body 24′, the lower end 26i′ of the first valve member 26c′ is spaced from the seat portion 24g′ of the tubular body 24′, the retaining member 42′ is disengaged and the spring member 36′ is recompressed. The chambers 14′ are also in an activated state and are isolated from the internal pressurised fluid in the tubular body 24′. Pressurised fluid is thus locked into the chambers 14′. This operation may be termed the secondary shear.
The dual valve arrangement 26′ is now moved to the third intermediate configuration (Point E—
To move the first valve arrangement 126′ from the second intermediate configuration to the locked third intermediate configuration the fluid pressure in the tubular body 24′ is reduced (bled off). As illustrated in
Decreasing the pressure towards 0 psi causes the first valve member 26c′ to move upwards and the retaining member 42′ to engage with the first valve member 26c′. That is, as the pressure is bled off, the spring member 38′ applies a greater force than the differential pressure across the differential piston device 44′.
In this position the first valve member 26c′ is locked relative to the tubular body 24′ and the first and second ports 24a, 24b′ are closed. The chambers 14′ are also in an activated state and are isolated from the internal pressurised fluid in the tubular body 24′. This configuration allows for the screens 2′ to be activated, but not on production, i.e., no production fluid passing through the second ports 24b′.
In this position the upper end 26h′ of the first valve member 26c′ abuts against the shoulder portion 24f′ of the first portion 24c′ of the tubular member 24′, the lower end 26i′ of the first valve member 26c′ is spaced from the seat portion 24g′ of the tubular body 24′, the retaining member 42′ is engaged and the spring member 36′ is re-extended.
The dual valve arrangement 26′ is now moved to a fourth intermediate configuration (Point F—
In the embodiment described here and illustrated in
In this position the second valve member 226c′ of the second valve arrangement 226′ is unlocked, the first and second portions 226a′, 226b′ of the second valve arrangement 226′ are locked together with retaining pins 39′, the lower end 226e′ of the second valve member 226c′ is seated on the seat portion 224g′ of the tubular body portion 24′, the retaining member 43′ is disengaged, the upper end 226d′ of the first portion 226a′ of the second valve member 226c′ is spaced from a shoulder portion 24g′ of the tubular body 24′ and the spring 236′ is compressed. This operation may be termed the primary shear of the second valve arrangement 226′.
The dual valve arrangement 26′ is now moved to the locked third configuration (Point G—
To move the second valve arrangement 226′ from the intermediate fourth configuration to the locked third configuration the fluid pressure in the tubular body 24′ is reduced (bled off). As illustrated in
Decreasing the pressure towards 0 psi causes the second valve member 226c′ to move upwards and the collet fingers 45′ of the retaining member 43′ to engage with the grooves 45a′ of the retaining profile 227′ of the first portion 226a′. That is, as the pressure is bled off, the spring member 236′ applies a greater force than the differential pressure across the differential piston device 244′.
In this position the second valve member 226c′ is locked relative to the tubular body 24′ and the second ports 24b′ are open. The chambers 14′ are also in an activated state and are isolated from the internal pressurised fluid in the tubular body 24′. As illustrated in
In this configuration fluid communication can occur between the formation (reservoir), the tubular body 24′ and the surface. Production fluid may now pass from the formation through the second ports 24b′ and into the tubular body 24′.
In this position the collet fingers 45′ of the retaining member 43′ of the first and second portions 226a′, 226b′ are engaged with the grooves 45a′ of the tubular body 24′, the first and second portions 226a′, 226b′ of the second valve arrangement 226′ are locked together with retaining pins 39′, the lower end 226e′ of the second valve member 226c′ is spaced from the seat portion 224g′ of the tubular body portion 24′, upper end 226d′ of the first portion 226a′ of the second valve member 226c′ abuts against the shoulder portion 24g′ of the tubular body portion 24′ and the spring 236′ is extended. This operation may be termed the production state.
The dual valve arrangement 26′ may also have a locked fourth configuration, in which the second valve member 226c′ is locked and the first and second ports 24a′, 24b′ are closed.
The locked fourth configuration may be achieved after the third configuration. The locked fourth configuration of the second valve arrangement 226′ is one where the second valve arrangement 226′ is moved from a production position to a shut-off position.
The fourth configuration may be achieved by mechanical intervention, e.g., by using a shifting tool to mechanically move the second valve member 226c′ to a position where the first and second ports 24a′, 24b′ are closed and the second valve member 226c′ is locked relative to the tubular body 24′. This arrangement is illustrated in
Should the dual valve arrangement 26′ be required to be moved back to a production position, this process can be reversed to move the dual valve arrangement 26′ back to the production position of
The downhole apparatus 10, 10′, systems and methods of the present invention prevent inadvertent, or premature, activation of sand screens (or other fluid pressure-actuated tools or devices) during the initial run in hole (RIH) operation. The present invention allows the downhole apparatus to be deployed with a far greater pressure window that has previously been available with similar apparatus. The present invention provides for an operating pressure window of approximately 2500 psi. This allows the apparatus to be run in hole (RIH) with pressure differentials between the interior and exterior of the tubular body/base pipe of up to 2500 psi.
The present invention also provides a method of allowing high rate fluid circulation without the concern of premature activation of the screen.
The multi-cycle pressure operation of the apparatus of the present invention prevents inadvertent, or premature, activation of sand screens (or other fluid pressure-actuated tools or devices). The first locked configuration of the apparatus 10, 10′ of the present invention prevents the inadvertent activation release of the screen 2.
Furthermore, the apparatus of the present invention provides for repeated operation (opening and closing) of the production ports via mechanical intervention. This is particularly useful where certain valves are required to be closed and reopened during the operation of the apparatus. Also, the ability to open and close the production ports provides the user with flexibility in setting up a series of apparatuses with some screens being operable hydraulically and some screens being operable mechanically.
The present invention provides a method of setting a sand control completion, extending the sand control filter element thereof to a wellbore surface and isolating the reservoir from an upper portion of the wellbore. The upper portion of the wellbore may be the wellbore above a packer element. This eliminates the requirement for a reservoir/formation isolation valve, which are typically ball valves that are problematic to open and encourage sediments from the upper completion above to settle out on top of the valve, thus making the valve difficult to open. The requirement for reservoir/formation isolation valve can bel eliminated because the production valve has not been opened.
The present invention provides a method of setting a sand control completion, extending the sand control filter element thereof to a wellbore surface and isolating the surface of the wellbore from the wellbore fluids. The wellbore fluids may be muds polymers etc.
Modifications and improvements may be made to the above without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the pressures recited above are examples only. The pressures required to operate the apparatus will be determined by the requirements of the user. The pressures required by the user will also determine the types of retaining member, releasable locking devices, etc., used with the apparatus.
Also, it should be appreciated that the location of the piston devices and biasing devices may be varied from the above-described embodiments. Depending on the relative location and arrangement of the piston devices and biasing devices in the apparatus, the actuation of the valve members of the valve arrangements may be opposite to those described above.
Furthermore, although the apparatus 10, 10 has been illustrated above as being hydraulically operated, it should be appreciated that the apparatus, and valve arrangements thereof, may be entirely mechanically actuated. It should also be appreciated that the operation of the apparatus, and valve arrangements thereof, may be a combination of hydraulic-operation and mechanical operation. That is, any operation described above as being carried out hydraulically, could be carried out mechanically, and any operation described above as being carried out mechanically, could be carried out hydraulically.
Also, it should be appreciated that the valve of each apparatus 10, 10′ may be operated by mechanical intervention individually and separately from one another. The method therefore comprises the step of operating the valve arrangement to open and/or close selected valve members, and ports.
Furthermore, it should also be appreciated that numerous screens and valves can be connected together and run into a bore hole. Also, multiple valves may be mechanically operated in a single run. It should also be appreciated that the valves of each apparatus may be solely mechanically operable.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1607710.9 | May 2016 | GB | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16098433 | Nov 2018 | US |
| Child | 17203454 | US |
