Patent Grant
11299946
The invention generally relates to an apparatus for operation in a drilled bore, e.g. of a hydrocarbon well.
In order to find and produce hydrocarbons e.g. petroleum oil or gas hydrocarbons such as paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics and asphaltics or gases such as methane, a well may be drilled in rock (or other) formations in the Earth.
After the well bore has been drilled in the earth formation, a well tubular may be introduced into the well. The well tubular covering the producing or injecting part of the earth formation is called the production liner. Tubulars used to ensure pressure and fluid integrity of the total well are called casing. Tubulars which bring the fluid in or from the earth formation are called tubing. The outside diameter of the liner is smaller than the inside diameter of the well bore covering the producing or injecting section of the well, providing thereby an annular space, or annulus, between the liner and the well bore, which consists of the earth formation. This annular space can be filled with cement preventing axial flow along the casing. However if fluids need to enter or leave the well, small holes will be made penetrating the wall of the casing and the cement in the annulus therewith allowing fluid and pressure communication between the earth formation and the well. The holes are called perforations. This design is known in the Oil and natural gas industry as a cased hole completion.
An alternative way to allow fluid access from and to the earth formation can be made, a so called open hole completion. This means that the well does not have an annulus filled with cement but still has a liner installed in the earth formation. The latter design is used to prevent the collapse of the bore hole. Yet another design is when the earth formation is deemed not to collapse with time, then the well does not have a casing covering the earth formation where fluids are produced from. When used in horizontal wells, an uncased reservoir section may be installed in the last drilled part of the well. The well designs discussed here can be applied to vertical, horizontal and or deviated well trajectories.
To produce hydrocarbons from an oil or natural gas well, a method of water-flooding may be utilized. In water-flooding, wells may be drilled in a pattern which alternates between injector and producer wells. Water is injected into the injector wells, whereby oil in the production zone is displaced into the adjacent producer wells.
A horizontal, open hole completion well can comprise a main bore or a main bore with wanted side tracks (fishbone well) or a main bore with unwanted/unknown side tracks.
Further, a horizontal, open hole completion well may, when producing hydrocarbons (producer well) or when being injected with water (injector well) be larger than the original drilled size due to wear and tear.
Additionally, horizontal, open hole completion wells can have wash outs and/or cave ins.
During the different phases of establishing a well in a formation of the earth and/or during subsequent carbohydrate production, a variety of downhole apparatus may permanently or temporarily be installed in the well.
Published international patent application WO 98/12418 discloses an elongate autonomous robot which is released downhole in an oil and/or gas production well by means of a launching module that is connected to a power and control unit at the surface. The elongated robot is equipped with sensors and arms and/or wheels which allow the robot to walk, roll or crawl up and down through a lower region of the well.
A downhole apparatus may thus comprise several sensors and/or electrical or hydro-mechanical components that produce sensor signals and/or require control signals as input. Furthermore, a downhole apparatus may comprise a plurality of movable parts that move relative to each other during operation.
Operation of a downhole apparatus is thus a complex operation and requires complex, fragile and expensive equipment. Recovery of a defective downhole apparatus may be a complicated and costly operation that also causes delays in the production of a hydrocarbon reservoir. It is thus generally desirable to allow efficient and reliable control of the relative movements of the movable parts and/or the electrical and/or hydro-mechanical components installed in a downhole apparatus and/or to allow efficient and reliable retrieval of sensor data in a downhole apparatus with a plurality of movable parts, even under difficult environmental operating conditions, such as under high pressure, e.g. at seabed, in areas with high levels of radiation, e.g. radioactive radiation, exposure to humidity, oil, mechanical impact and/or the like.
The spatial constraints of a downhole bore further limit the degrees of freedom for designing downhole apparatus that operate efficiently and reliably.
Disclosed herein is a downhole apparatus for operation in a tubular channel, such as in a drilled bore e.g. of hydrocarbon well, the apparatus comprising a first part and a second part connected to the first part, wherein the second part comprises a first electronic device adapted to generate a data signal and a first communications device for wirelessly transmitting the generated data signal via a wireless communications channel, e.g. a radio-frequency or acoustic communications channel, wherein the first part comprises a second communications device for wirelessly receiving the transmitted data signal via said wireless communications channel.
Further disclosed herein are embodiments of a method for communicating data between a first part and a second part of an apparatus operating in a tubular channel, the second part of the apparatus being connected to the first part of the apparatus, the method comprising:
For the purpose of the present description, the communication between different parts of the apparatus will also be referred to as intra-tool communication, as it is communication internal to the apparatus. The use of a wireless communication for intra-tool communication, i.e. for communicating between different parts of the apparatus, provides a reliable communication that reduces the sensitivity to interference of electrical signals, defective connection of wires, etc. In particular, downhole apparatus are exposed to a harsh environment and need to operate reliably exposed to high pressure, humidity, oil, mechanical impact etc.
The use of wireless intra-tool communication further increases the degrees of freedom in terms of the design of the apparatus, as there is no need for providing wired communication lines between the different parts of the apparatus.
It is a further advantage of the apparatus and method described herein that the wireless signals can be transmitted across physical boundaries such as for example between compartments being at different pressure regimes or between compartments containing different fluids without the need for cumbersome and failure-prone wire penetration systems and sealing glands.
Embodiments of the apparatus may be a downhole apparatus for operation in a drilled bore, e.g. of a hydrocarbon well or another drilled bore in to the crust of the earth. The term drilled bore is intended to include injection wells. For the purpose of the present description, the term downhole apparatus is intended to refer to tools, equipment, instruments, or any other device used in a drilled bore of a hydrocarbon well underground and/or undersea.
Examples of such downhole apparatus include a tractor or a similar movable downhole device configured to be moved through a tubular channel such as a well in rock (or other) formations in the Earth, such as an open hole completion well. Other examples include a downhole controller, a downhole processing device such as an oil-water separator, a downhole power supply, such as a power generator, or the like.
Embodiments of the apparatus disclosed herein may be open to the atmosphere but can also be sealed and pressure tight or pressure balanced when used at places where the pressure differs substantially from the 1 bar normally found on the face of the earth. Embodiments of the apparatus described herein may be a stand-alone device or may be an integral part of another device or assembly of devices.
The tubular channel may contain a fluid such as hydrocarbons, e.g. petroleum oil hydrocarbons such as paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics and asphaltics. Short range radio frequency communications links may be reliably operated in such an environment.
The internals of the apparatus disclosed herein include moving parts on or in which sensors or other communication modules are present which signals need to be continuously or cyclically transmitted to another part of the device which may moving or static. The use of wireless communications between different parts of an apparatus that are movably connected with each other avoids the risk of damaging connecting wires due to the numerous rotational and/or translational movements as well as interference or loss of electrical signals at movable contacts.
The data signal may be a sensor signal generated by a sensor installed in one of the parts of the apparatus and indicative of a measured property, a control signal for controlling a controllable function of one of the parts of the apparatus, or any other data signal to be communicated between different parts of an apparatus. The first electronic device may thus be a control unit, a sensor for measuring a physical property, and/or an electronic circuitry adapted to generate a data signal.
Examples of such a sensor may include a temperature sensor, a distance and/or displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow rate measurement device, a measurement device for detecting the presence of and/or measurement of absolute and/or relative concentrations of one or more substances such as oil, water, gas, sand, H2S,CO2, etc., a vibration sensor, a sensor for measuring viscosity, density, resistivity, and/or the like, an acoustic sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a near infrared sensor, a gamma ray detector, a position detecting device, a gyroscope, a compass, an accelerometer, a tilt meter, etc., or a combination thereof.
The first part may further comprise a second electronic device adapted to process the received data signal. The second electronic device may be a control unit, a data processing device, and/or an electronic circuitry adapted to process a data signal, or a combination thereof.
Similarly, the second electronic device may comprise a control unit for generating a control signal for controlling a controllable function of the apparatus, such as a relative movement of the second part relative to the first part and/or a controllable function of the second part, wherein the second communications device is further adapted to wirelessly transmit the control signal, wherein the first communications device is further adapted to receive the transmitted control signal, and wherein the second part comprises a control unit for controlling the controllable function of the second part.
Examples of a control unit include any circuit and/or device suitably adapted to control a controllable function of the apparatus. In particular, the above term comprises general- or special-purpose programmable microprocessors, Digital Signal Processors (DSP), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), Programmable Logic Arrays (PLA), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), special purpose electronic circuits, programmable logic controllers (PLC) etc., or a combination thereof.
The control of a controllable function may include the control of a device for performing a controllable function. Examples of such a device may include a valve, a motor, a sampling device, a device used in intelligent or smart well completion, an actuator, a lock, a release mechanism, a pump, etc.
Generally, a control unit may control a controllable function of the part in which the control unit is installed, e.g. responsive to a control signal and/or a data signal received from another part of the apparatus. Alternatively or additionally, a control unit may control a controllable function of another part of the downhole apparatus, different from the part in which the control unit is installed. To this end, the control unit may generate a control signal that is communicated to the other part via the wireless communications channel.
Embodiments of the apparatus disclosed herein may be made of metallic and/or non metallic components that may enclose the electronic device and/or the communications device and additional or alternative electric and/or electronic parts.
When the first and/or second parts include a respective metallic housing, e.g. made of steel such as stainless steel, or another suitable metal, and wherein the first and/or second communications device is/are arranged inside the respective metallic housings, the communications device is protected against physical impact, and the metallic housing may function as an antenna for radio frequency signals used in the intra-tool communication.
The wireless intra-tool communication may involve more than two communication modules comprised in the apparatus and forming a wireless radio or acoustic network using appropriate radio or acoustic frequencies. When the first and second communications devices are adapted to communicate with each other via a direct radio-frequency communications link or a communications link only including one or more relay communications devices comprised in the apparatus, the communication between the different parts is performed independently of any further equipment installed externally to the apparatus, e.g. in or around the tubular channel, and independently of the position of the apparatus.
The communications device may include any circuitry or device suitable for establishing data communication between the communications devices of the respective parts. The communication may be one-way or two-way communication. Accordingly, the first and second communications devices may each be adapted to both transmit and receive data signals. The first and second communications devices may be adapted to communicate with each other via a short-range radio-frequency communications channel, e.g. using a protocol according to the IEEE 802.11 or IEEE 802.15 standard, or another suitable industrial standard for wireless radio-frequency communication. Examples of suitable communications devices include radio-frequency receivers, transmitters, transceivers, Bluetooth transceivers, wireless network adapters, etc. Other examples include acoustic modems, and/or other devices enabling acoustic communications e.g. using ultrasonic signals which may use a binary protocol allowing acoustic communication, etc.
The connection between the first and the second part may be any suitable connection, e.g. by means of one or more connection members. The connection may be rigid, flexible, movable, a floating connection and/or the like, e.g. by means of a piston, rod, shaft, or any other suitable connecting member(s).
When the second part is movably connected to the first part, the use of wireless intra-tool communication is particularly useful, as any damage of wires as a result of the relative movement of the different parts of the apparatus is avoided.
Generally, it will be appreciated that a need exists to characterize open hole completion wells. The characterization may comprise e.g. measurement versus depth or time, or both, of one or more physical quantities in or around a well. In order to determine such characteristics of an open hole completion, wire-line logging may be utilized. Wire-line logging may comprise a tractor which is moved down the open hole completion during which data is logged e.g. by sensors on the tractor.
An open hole completion may comprise soft and/or poorly consolidated formations which may pose a problem for some tractor technologies. For example, chain tracked tractors may impact the wall of soft and/or poorly consolidated formations with too large a force, and tractors comprising gripping mechanisms may rip of pieces of the soft and/or poorly open hole completion wall. A further problem of tractors comprising gripping mechanisms is the restriction in outer diameter, due to the drilled well, of the tractor which may restrict the length and mechanical properties of the gripping mechanisms
A further problem of some tractor technologies with respect to e.g. horizontal open hole completion wells is that the open hole completion may have a diameter varying from the nominal inner diameter of 8.5 inch of the cased completion hole due to e.g. wash-outs and/or cave ins.
Thus, it may be advantageous to be able to move a tractor through an open hole completion well possibly containing soft and/or poorly consolidated formations.
In some embodiments, the apparatus disclosed herein is adapted to be moved along a tubular channel, and the apparatus may comprise two gripping means fluidly connected via a pump; wherein a first of the two gripping means comprises a fluid; wherein the pump is adapted to inflate a second of the gripping means by pumping the fluid from the first of the two gripping means to the second of the two gripping means; and wherein the gripping means comprises a flexible member contained in a woven member, wherein the flexible member provides fluid-tightness and the woven member provides the shape of the gripping means.
The gripping means comprising a flexible member contained in a woven member, which may be inflated, enables the device to exert a force to the wall of a tubular channel without ripping pieces of the wall.
Additionally, the woven member may provide a shape of the flexible member, so that the flexible member may not be over-stressed and/or deformed beyond it's allowable elastic range. Further, the woven member provides physical strength and wear resistance to the flexible member.
In some embodiments, the first gripping means are attached to the first part of the apparatus, and the second gripping means are attached to the second part of the apparatus; wherein the first part comprises a reservoir comprising a fluid and sealed from a pressure chamber comprising a fluid and a piston dividing the pressure chamber into a first and a second piston pressure chamber fluidly coupled via a pump; and wherein the second part is attached to the first part via a hollow tubular member extending from the reservoir through the pressure chamber; and wherein the hollow tubular member is attached to the piston such that translation of the piston via a pressure difference between the first (B) and a second piston pressure chamber (C) established by the pump results in translation of the hollow tubular member and the second part.
Thereby, the device is able to move forward in the tubular channel without restricting the length and mechanical properties of the gripping means because the translation is performed along the longitudinal axis of the device and the gripping means are flexible. Furthermore, due to the use of wireless intra-tool communication, the translation is not impaired by any wired connections.
In some embodiments, inflation of the second gripping means attached to the second part is performed by pumping the fluid from the first gripping means via the reservoir and the hollow tubular member to the second gripping means.
By inflating the second gripping means via a the reservoir and the hollow tubular member, the apparatus may push the second part and pull the first part without risking breaking electrical wires, pipes or the like establishing fluid coupling between the pump and the second gripping means and/or electrical connection between the first and the second parts.
In some embodiments, the device further comprises a pressure relief valve fluidly coupled to the pump to determine a maximal pressure pumped into the gripping means. Thereby, the device is able to control the maximal pressure exerted on the walls of the open hole completion and therewith prevent damage to the walls because the pressure relief valve may be set to open before a pressure is reached at which damage to the walls is likely to occur.
In some embodiments, the second electronic device comprises a control unit such as a PLC; the first electronic device comprises at least one sensor communicatively coupled via the first and second communications devices and the wireless communications channel to the control unit, and the control unit is adapted to generate a control signal for controlling the pump based on data from the at least one sensor. Thereby, embodiments of the apparatus are able to adjust the pressure pumped into the gripping means according to the surroundings in the tubular channel, because the control unit may adjust the pressure pumped into the gripping means according to the surrounding e.g. if the tubular channel narrows due to a cave-in, the control unit may reduce the pressure pumped into the gripping means at the location of the cave-in. Alternatively or additionally, the control unit may adjust the translation-length of the second part such that placement of a gripping means at the cave-in is avoided and thus that the gripping means are placed on either side of the cave-in.
It may generally be desirable to be able to identify water bearing fractures without cementing a liner into an open hole completion and without having to convey petrophysical logging tools into horizontal wells by conventional means.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,241,028 disclose a method and system for measuring data in a fluid transportation conduit, such as a well for the production of oil and/or gas. The system employs one or more miniature sensing devices which comprise sensing equipment that is contained in a preferably spherical nut-shell. However, horizontal wells need not be straight. Further, wells may contain obstructions such as wash-outs and/or well side tracks, e.g. in fishbone wells, which may prevent the above system from examining the entire well.
Thus, it may be advantageous to be able to examine wells comprising obstructions such as wash-outs and/or side tracks and/or to be able to examine non-straight horizontal wells.
In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a three-way valve, buoyancy means, pressure means, a vent line, at least one sensor and computation means; wherein the three-way valve controls the fluid flow between the pressure means and the buoyancy means and between the buoyancy means and the vent line; the computation means is communicatively coupled, via the wireless communications channel, to the at least one sensor and adapted to generate a control signal based on data received from the at least one sensor; and wherein the pressure means is fluidly coupled to the buoyancy means via the three-way valve such that a fluid may flow from the pressure means to the buoyancy means or from the buoyancy means to the surroundings of the device via the vent line; and wherein the computation means is communicatively coupled, via the wireless communications channel, to the three-way valve and controls said three-way valve via the control signal.
Thereby, the device may be prevented from getting stuck in a wash-out, e.g. in the bottom of a tubular channel or in the top of a tubular channel because via the at least one sensor, the device is able to detect the wash-out and calculate a control signal indicating how much fluid the three way valve is to let into the buoyancy means. Thereby, the device is able to dive below or above the wash-out
Further, the device may be prevented from navigating into a wrong tubular channel e.g. an unintended side track or leg of a fishbone well, by first detecting the tracks in front of the device and subsequently changing the buoyancy of the device accordingly.
The different aspects of the present invention can be implemented in different ways including the apparatus and the method described above and in the following and further systems and/or product means, each yielding one or more of the benefits and advantages described in connection with at least one of the aspects described above, and each having one or more preferred embodiments corresponding to the preferred embodiments described in connection with at least one of the aspects described above and/or disclosed in the dependant claims. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that embodiments described in connection with one of the aspects described herein may equally be applied to the other aspects. For example, one aspect of the present invention relates to a communications system for use in a downhole apparatus as described herein, the system comprising first and second communications devices to be placed in respective parts of a downhole apparatus and adapted to wirelessly communicate with each other as described herein.
Further embodiments and advantages are disclosed below in the description and in the claims.
The invention will now be described more fully below with reference to the drawings, in which
Various aspects related to and embodiments of an apparatus disclosed herein will now be described with reference to the drawings showing examples of an apparatus for operation in a tubular channel, such as a downhole apparatus. However, the invention may be applied to other types of apparatus.
The device 100 comprises inflatable and deflatable gripping means 101. The inflatable and deflatable gripping means 101 may, for example, be flexible bellows which may adapt to the wall condition of the tubular channel 199. The gripping force exerted by the device 100 on the tubular channel wall 199 depends on the pressure of the flexible bellows 101 on the tubular channel wall 199. The device 100 further comprises a part 102 to which the inflatable and deflatable gripping means 101 may be fastened and which may be at least partially encased by the inflatable and deflatable gripping means 101. For example, the part 102 may be rod-shaped and the inflatable and deflatable gripping means 101 may be shaped as a tubeless tire and thus, when fastened to the rod-shaped part 102 e.g. via glue or the like, encase a part of the rod-shaped part 102.
The pressure-tight flexible bellow 201 may be clamped to the part 102 by a first curved, e.g. parabolic-shaped, ring 204 providing a gradual clamping force along the horizontal axis 207 of the part 102, whereby pinching and subsequent rupture of the pressure-tight flexible bellow 201 due to an internal pressure of the pressure-tight flexible bellow 201 may be prevented. The first curved ring 204 may be clamped to the part 102 by a fastening means 206 such as a screw, nail or the like. The first curved ring 204 is pressure tight, i.e. it provides sealing of the pressure-tight flexible bellow 201 to the part 102 but may have any clamping strength.
The woven texture bellow 202 may be clamped between the first curved ring 204 and a second curved, e.g. parabolic-shaped, ring 203. The first and the second curved rings thus provide a gradual clamping force along the horizontal axis 207 of the part 102, whereby pinching and wear of the woven texture bellow 202 may be prevented. The second curved ring 203 may be clamped to the part 102 by a fastening means 205 such as a screw, nail or the like. The second curved ring 203 may be positioned on top of the first curved ring 204 as illustrated in
The woven texture bellow 202 may provide a shape of the pressure-tight flexible bellow 201, so that the pressure-tight flexible bellow 201 may not be over-stressed and/or deformed beyond it's allowable elastic range. Further, the woven texture bellow 202 provides physical strength and wear resistance to the pressure-tight flexible bellow 201.
The curved rings may further provide shape stability of the inflatable and deflatable gripping means 101. Further, the curved rings may prohibit sharp edges such that multiple inflations/deflations of the inflatable and deflatable gripping means 101 can be achieved.
In an embodiment, the woven texture 202 may be covered with ceramic particles in order to provide wear resistance of the woven texture 202.
The hydrophore 301 may, for example, be a rubber bellow encased or substantially encased in a steel cylinder. The hydrophore 301 may contain oil (or any other pumpable fluid). The hydrophore prevents the oil from bursting out e.g. when the pressure changes and/or when the temperature changes. For example, the temperature at the entrance of the tubular channel 199 may be at −10 degrees C. and in the tubular channel 199 the temperature may be 100 degrees C. Additionally for example, the pressure at the entrance of the tubular channel 199 may be 1 bar and in the tubular channel 199 the pressure may be 250 bar.
The pump section E may further comprise a battery providing power to the device 100. Alternatively or additionally, the device 100 may comprise a plug/socket for receiving a wireline, through which the device 100 may be powered. For example, the plug/socket may be located on the oil tank 301 e.g. on the end facing away from the pump section E.
The pumping unit 308 may, for example, comprise a fixed displacement bidirectional hydraulic pump.
The PLC 309 is communicatively coupled, e.g. via an electric wire, to a short-range radio unit 310 included in the pump section E, such as a radio receiver or transceiver operating on a suitable radio-frequency band and using a suitable communications protocol. Examples of suitable protocols include the industry communication protocols standardized as EEE standards such as the 802.11 (known as WiFi, WiMAX HiperLAN) or the 802.15 (known as Bluetooth, Zigbee, EnOcean) for radio communication.
Further attached to and partly or wholly encasing the pump section E is a first inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1. The first inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1 may be of the type disclosed under
Further attached to the pump section E is a cylinder section 302. The cylinder section 302 comprises a reservoir A, e.g. an oil reservoir, and a pressure chamber 303 comprising a first piston pressure chamber B and a second piston pressure chamber C.
The cylinder section 302 further comprises a piston 304 attached to a connecting rod 305. A first end of the connecting rod 305 is located in the oil reservoir A and the other end of the connecting rod 305 is attached to a sensor section 306. The sensor section 306 is thus movably attached to the device 100 via the connection rod 305. The connection rod 305 may translate along the longitudinal axis 307 of the device 100. The connecting rod 305 may be hollow i.e. enabling e.g. a fluid to pass through it. The piston 304 is located in the pressure chamber 303.
The oil reservoir and the first piston pressure chamber B and the second piston pressure chamber C may comprise a pumpable fluid, such as an oil or the like, which may be pumped by the pumping unit 308. The oil reservoir A may be sealed from the pressure chamber 303.
Attached to and partly or wholly encasing the sensor section 306 is a second inflatable and deflatable gripping means G2. The second inflatable and deflatable gripping means G2 may be of the type disclosed under
Further, the sensor section 306 comprises one or more sensors F. For example, the sensor section 306 may contain a number of ultrasonic sensors for determining the relative fluid velocity around the sensor section 306. An ultrasonic sensor may be represented by a transducer. The ultrasonic sensors may be contained within the sensor section 306. The ultrasonic sensors may provide data representing a fluid velocity.
Additionally or alternatively, the sensor section 306 may, for example, include a number of distance sensors. The number of ultrasonic distance sensors may provide data representing a distance to e.g. the surrounding tubular channel 199. The ultrasonic distance sensors may be contained within the sensor section 306. The ultrasonic distance sensors may provide data representing a distance between the sensor section 306 and the surrounding tubular channel 199 i.e. data representing a radial view. Further, the ultrasonic distance sensors may provide data representing a distance between the sensor section 306 and e.g. potential obstacles, such as cave-ins/wash-outs, in front of the device 100 i.e. data representing a forward view.
The ultrasonic sensors and ultrasonic distance sensors of the sensor section 306 may be probing the fluid surrounding the device 100 and the tubular channel 199 through e.g. glass windows such that the sensors are protected against the fluid flowing in the tubular channel 199.
Additionally or alternatively, the sensor section 306 may comprise a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor may be contained in the sensor section 306. The pressure sensor may provide data representing a pressure of a fluid surrounding the device 100.
Further, the sensor section 306 may contain an resistivity meter for measuring the resistivity of the fluid surrounding the device 100. The resistivity meter may be contained in the sensor section 306. The resistivity meter may provide data representing resistivity of the fluid surrounding the device 100.
Further, the sensor section 306 may contain a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the fluid surrounding the device 100. The temperature sensor may be contained in the sensor section 306. The temperature sensor may provide data representing a temperature of the fluid surrounding the device 100.
Additionally or alternatively, the sensor section 306 may comprise a position-determining unit providing data representing the position of the device 100, and thus enabling position tagging of the data from the abovementioned sensors. The position tagging may, for example, be performed with respect to e.g. the entrance of the tubular channel 199.
In an embodiment, the position-determining unit may comprise a plurality of gyroscopes, for example three gyroscopes (one for each three dimensional axis), and a compass and a plurality of accelerometer G-forces, for example three accelerometers (one for each three dimensional axis), and a tiltmeter (inclinometer).
The sensor section 306 further comprises a short-range radio unit 311, such as a transmitter or a transceiver corresponding to the short-range radio unit 310 of the pump section, and adapted to establish a short-range radio link to the short-range radio unit 310 of the pump section. Further, the short-range radio unit 311 may be communicatively coupled, e.g. via an electric wire, to one or more of the abovementioned sensors and thereby the sensor section 306 is enabled to transmit data from the one or more sensors F to the PLC 309 via the short-range radio link. The use of wireless radio communication between the sensor section and the pump section avoids the need for wires that can adapt to the varying distance between the two sections. Furthermore, the radio signals can be reliably transmitted through the oil filled gripping means G1 and G2 surrounding the respective sections.
The PLC 309 may be communicatively coupled, e.g. via electric wires, to the pumping unit 308 whereby the PLC is able to control the pumping unit 308 e.g. by transmitting a control signal to the pump 400 of the pumping unit 308.
The pumping unit 308 comprises the pump 400 of the pump section E. Further, the pumping unit 308 comprises a back-flow valve 401 and the oil tank 301. The pump 400, e.g. a low pressure pump, is fluidly coupled, e.g. via a pipe 402, to the back-flow valve 401, and via the valve 401 and a pipe 402 to the oil tank 301. Additionally, the pump 400 is fluidly coupled, e.g. via a pipe 403, to the second piston pressure chamber C and, e.g. via a pipe 404, to the first piston pressure chamber B of the pressure chamber 303.
The pumping unit 308 is able to, e.g. in response to a control signal from the PLC 309, translate the piston 304 and thereby the connecting rod 305 along the longitudinal axis 307 of the device 100.
For example, to translate the piston 304 towards the first piston pressure chamber B i.e. to the left in
For example, to translate the piston 304 towards the second piston pressure chamber C i.e. to the right in
The PLC 309 may transmit a further control signal to the pump 400 in order to stop the pump 400 when the piston 304, and thereby also the connecting rod 305, has been translated a distance determined by the PLC based on the data received from the one or more sensors via the wireless communications link between radio units 310 and 311. Alternatively or additionally, the pump 400 may receive a stop signal from the PLC 309 when the piston 304 reaches an end wall of the pressure chamber 303 e.g. by having switch 415 and 416, respectively, e.g. pushbutton switches, attached to the inside of each of the end walls of the pressure chamber 303 detecting when the piston 304 touches one of the end walls. The switches may be communicatively coupled, e.g. via electric wires, to the PLC 309.
The pumping unit 308 comprises the pump 400 of the pump section E. Further, the pumping unit 308 comprises the back-flow valve 401 and the oil tank 301. Further, the pumping unit 308 may comprise a pressure-relief valve 501, the oil reservoir, the connecting rod 305 and the first and second inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1, G2.
The pressure-relief valve 501 may, for example, determine the pressure in the pumping unit 308.
The pump 400, e.g. a low pressure pump, is fluidly coupled, e.g. via a pipe 402, to the back-flow valve 401, and via the valve 401 and a pipe 406 to the oil tank 301.
Additionally, the pump 400 is fluidly coupled, e.g. via a pipe 503, to the first inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1 and, e.g. via a pipe 504, to the second inflatable and deflatable gripping means G2. The pipe 504 may further fluidly couple the pump 400 to the pressure-relief valve 501. The pressure-relief valve 501 may be fluidly coupled via e.g. a pipe 505 to the oil tank 301.
In response to a control signal from the PLC 309, the pumping unit 308 is adapted to inflate one of the inflatable and deflatable gripping means while deflating the other. Hence, the PLC controls the operation of the gripping means g1 and G2, optionally including controlling the degree of displacement of the piston responsive to the sensor signals received from the sensor(s) F via radio units 310 and 311.
For example, to inflate the first inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1, the PLC 309 may transmit a control signal to the pump 400 such that the pump 400 starts to pump the fluid from second inflatable and deflatable gripping means G2 to the first inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1 via the connecting rod 305, the oil reservoir A and the pipe 504. Thereby, the second inflatable and deflatable gripping means G2 deflates while the first inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1 inflates.
For example, to inflate the second inflatable and deflatable gripping means G2, the PLC 309 may transmit a control signal to the pump 400 such that the pump 400 starts to pump the fluid from first inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1 to the second inflatable and deflatable gripping means G2 via the pipe 504, the oil reservoir A and the connecting rod 305. Thereby, the first inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1 deflates while the second inflatable and deflatable gripping means G2 inflates.
The PLC 309 may transmit a further control signal to the pump 400 in order to stop the pump 400 when the inflatable and deflatable gripping means being inflated has a volume providing a sufficient grip on the tubular channel wall. The sufficient grip on the tubular channel may, for example, be determined by the pressure relief valve 501 i.e. as long as the valve is closed, the pump 400 pumps from one inflatable and deflatable gripping means to the other inflatable and deflatable gripping means. Once the pressure-relief valve 501 opens, the pump pumps from the deflating inflatable and deflatable gripping means to the oil tank via the pressure relief valve 501.
The pressure relief valve 501 may be communicatively coupled to the PLC 309 e.g. via a wire. Once the pressure relief valve 501 opens, it may transmit a control signal to the PLC 309 which subsequently transmits a control signal to the pump 400 stopping the pump 400. Once the pressure in the pumping unit 500 reaches the pressure relief valve's reseating pressure, the pressure relief valve closes again.
In a first step, the device 100, e.g. containing a load such as a patch or the like, may be moved into the tubular channel by a wireline lubricator. The device 100 may be moved in such a way as long as the angle α, as shown in
Thus, in a second step, the device is powered up comprising starting the sensors F in the sensor section 306. The power-up may further comprise a test of all the sensors and communication between the short-range radio units 310 and 311.
In a third step as illustrated in
In a fourth step, the sensor section 306 is translated (pushed) to the right by pressurizing the first piston pressure chamber B and depressurizing the second piston pressure chamber C as disclosed above with respect to
In a fifth step as illustrated in
In a sixth step as illustrated in
In a seventh step as illustrated in
The above steps, step seven, step four, step five and step six, provides a method of moving the device 100 in a tubular channel 199 once one of the inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1, G2 have been inflated.
In an embodiment, the device 100 may move in reverse of the above described direction. In the event where the device 100 is powered through and/or connected to a wireline, the wireline must be pulled out of the tubular channel 199 at the same velocity or approximately the same velocity (e.g. within 1%) as the device 100 moves through the tubular channel 199.
In an embodiment, the hydrophore 301, the pump section E, the cylinder section 302 and the sensor section may have a cylindrical cross section. For example, the device 100 with deflated inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1, G2 may have a diameter of approximately 4 inches (approximately 101.6 mm).
In an embodiment, based on the data received by the PLC 309 from the sensor section 306, e.g. from the ultrasonic distance sensors, the PLC 309 may determine by calculation whether the tubular channel 199 in front of the device 100 allows for moving the device 100 further into the tubular channel 199. Alternatively or additionally, based on the data received by the PLC 309 from the sensor section 306, e.g. from the ultrasonic distance sensors, the PLC 309 may determine the direction in which the device 100 is moving e.g. in the case of side tracks or the like in the tubular channel 199. Thereby, the PLC may calculate a control signal for controlling the device 100 based on the data received from one or more of the sensors F.
In an embodiment, the device 100 may further comprise an acoustic modem enabling the device 100 to transmit data received from one or more of the sensors F to a computer or the like equipped with an acoustic modem and positioned at the entrance of the tubular channel 199.
In an embodiment, the device 100 comprises two pumps, one for the pumping unit of
As seen in
The actuator 801 may be electrically coupled, e.g. via an electric wire or via a second wireless radio-frequency communications link, to the PLC 309 enabling activation of the actuator via a control signal from the PLC 309.
In an embodiment as seen in
In an embodiment, the PLC 309 may receive data, based on which the control signal is calculated, from the sensors in the sensor section F. Additionally, the PLC 309 may receive a control signal via a wireline from the entrance of the tubular channel 199.
Generally, the inflatable and deflatable gripping means G1, G2, G of the devices disclosed with respect to
The apparatus, generally designated 100, comprises a first part 901 and a second part 902, connected by connecting member 905. The second part 902 is rotatably connected to the connecting member 905, e.g. by means of a bearing, such that the second part 902 can rotate around axis 903. Furthermore, connecting member 905 is connected to the first part 901 at connecting point 904, e.g. via a pin or the like, such that connecting member 905 can translate along axis 903 and can be tilted around 904. Hence, in this example, the second part 902 is movably connected to the first part 901, such that the second part can be translated along axis 903 and rotated around axis 903. Furthermore the second part 902 can be tilted by rotational movement of pin 904. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the parts of the apparatus may be connected with each other by different connection elements, e.g. one or more of the following: a shaft, an axle, a rail, a slide guide, a cam, a piston, etc. Furthermore, the relative movement may include one or more degrees of freedom, and include translational movements, rotational movements, tilt movements, vibrational movements, and/or the like, or a combination thereof.
In order to allow data communication between sensors and/or electrical or hydro-mechanical components, and/or other electronic devices positioned in the respective parts of the apparatus, each part comprises a Bluetooth or other wireless radio communications device 907 and 906, respectively, enabling two-way communications between the first part and the second part of the apparatus. For example, the second part 902 may comprise an electronic device, e.g. connected to or integrated into the communications device 906 for generating a data signal to be communicated by the communications device 906 via the wireless communications link to communications device 907.
The communication is not limited to two communication modules but may comprise multiple sets of communication modules forming a wireless radio or acoustic network using appropriate radio or acoustic frequencies.
For example,
In the example of
The tubular channel 199 may contain a fluid. In the above and below, the fluid in the tubular channel may be exemplified by water, hydrocarbons, e.g. petroleum oil or gaseous hydrocarbons such as paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics, asphaltics and/or methane or gases with longer hydrocarbon chains such as butane or propane or any mixture thereof.
The device 100 may for example be pumped down into the tubular channel 199 without any physical connection/link to the surface/entrance of the tubular channel 199. In such an embodiment, the device 100 may be powered by batteries or obtain its power from the earth formation and/or the fluids in the well. Also hydrogen cells or combustion processes can be used to power the device. In the case of batteries, the batteries may be powered/charged by temperature differences of the surrounding via thermocouples and/or by a spinner driven by the fluid motion around the device 100 driving a dynamo being electrically coupled to the batteries. An external communication unit such as a computer communicatively coupled to an acoustic modem, situated in proximity to the entrance of the tubular channel 199 may communicate with the device 100 e.g. via the acoustic modem.
In an alternative embodiment, the device 100 may be connected via e.g. a wire to an external communication unit such as a computer, situated in proximity to the entrance of the tubular channel 199. The external communication unit may provide power to the device 100 via the wire which power could propel the device 100 down into tubular channel 199. Additionally or alternatively, the external communication unit may communicate with the device 100 via the wire.
The three parts 101, 102 and 103 may e.g. be cast or moulded in plastic or aluminium or any other material or combinations thereof suitable of sustaining high pressure, which in high pressure wells can go up to 2000 bar, and temperatures ranging from e.g. 40 degrees C. at shallow depth to 200 degrees C. and beyond in the case of a high temperature well.
The first part 101 may, for example, contain a cylindrical part 104 and a semi-spherical cap part 105. The first part 101 may further contain a number of sensors.
For example, the first part may contain a number of ultrasonic sensors V, e.g. 4 ultrasonic sensors, for determining the relative fluid velocity around the first part 101. An ultrasonic sensor may be represented by a transducer. The ultrasonic sensors V may be contained within the first part 101, e.g. within the cylindrical part 104. The ultrasonic sensors V may provide data representing a fluid velocity.
Additionally, the first part 101 may, for example, include a number of ultrasonic distance sensors D, e.g. 13 ultrasonic distance sensors. The number of ultrasonic distance sensors may provide data representing a distance to e.g. the surrounding tubular channel 199. The ultrasonic distance sensors may be contained within the first part 101. For example, 10 ultrasonic distance sensors may be contained in the cylindrical part 104 of the first part 101, e.g. in a circumference of the cylindrical part 104 and thereby providing data representing a distance between the cylindrical part 104 and the surrounding tubular channel 199, and 3 ultrasonic distance sensors may be contained in the semi-spherical cap part 105, e.g. in the front of the semi-spherical cap part 105 providing data representing a distance between the semi-spherical cap-part and e.g. potential obstacles such as cave-ins/wash-outs in front of the device 100.
The ultrasonic sensors and ultrasonic distance sensors of the first part may be probing the fluid surrounding the device 100 and the tubular channel 199 through e.g. glass windows such that the sensors are protected against the fluid flowing in the tubular channel 199.
The first part may additionally comprise a pressure sensor P. The pressure sensor P may be contained in the semi-spherical cap part 105. The pressure sensor P may provide data representing a pressure of a fluid surrounding the device 100.
Further, the first part may contain an ohmmeter R for measuring the resistivity of the fluid surrounding the device 100. The ohmmeter may be contained in the semi-spherical cap part 105. The ohmmeter may provide data representing resistivity of the fluid surrounding the device 100.
Further, the first part may contain a temperature sensor T for measuring the temperature of the fluid surrounding the device 100. The temperature sensor T may be contained in the semi-spherical cap part 105. The temperature sensor T may provide data representing a temperature of the fluid surrounding the device 100.
The first part may additionally comprise a position-determining unit 107 providing data representing the position of the first part 101, and thus enabling position tagging of the data from the abovementioned sensors. The position tagging may, for example, be performed with respect to e.g. the entrance of the tubular channel 199.
In an embodiment, the position-determining unit 107 may comprise one or more gyroscopes, a compass, one or more accelerometers, and/or a tiltmeter (inclinometer).
The device 100 may further comprise a programmable logic controller (PLC) 180 e.g. contained in the first 101 or in the third part 103. One or more of the above sensors, i.e. the ultrasonic sensors V, the ultrasonic distance sensors D, the pressure sensor P, the ohmmeter R, the temperature sensor T, and the position-determining unit 107, may be connected to the PLC via a wireless communications channel. To this end, the first and third parts may comprise respective wireless communications units 109 and 179, e.g. short-range radio units, as described herein for establishing a wireless communications channel between the parts. The communications unit 179 may be connected to the sensor(s) e.g. via a ND converter and/or multiplexer, and the communications unit 109 may be connected to the PLC. Via a number of data input from the sensors, the PLC is able to determine the surroundings and position of the device 100 and to calculate a control signal representing how the device 100 is to be steered. Thus, the PLC 180 may determine how to navigate through the tubular channel 199 via one or more of the steering mechanisms disclosed below. For example, the PLC 180 may be communicatively coupled, e.g. via the communications unit 109 and respective wireless communications channels, to each of the steering mechanisms, and the PLC 180 may control the steering mechanisms via the control signal. To this end one or more of the steering mechanisms may be connected to one or more wireless communications units as described herein, thus allowing wireless communication with the PLC.
The second part 102 may comprise a two-piece bar (“fishing neck”) 202 and 203 connected via a ball joint 201 as seen in
One of the two-piece bar parts, e.g. the second part 203, may contain a bar 204 physically connected at one end 207 to the ball joint 201 e.g. via glue, weld joint or the like. The other end 208 of the bar may be connected to a first end 209 of a spring 205. The other end 210 of the spring 205 may be physically connected to a side 206 of the second part 102 of the device 100 e.g. the side also connected to the second part 203 of the two-piece bar. The force exerted by the spring on the side 206 and the other end 208 of the bar 204 is of such a magnitude as to keep the device 100 i.e. the first part 202 and the second part 203 of the two-piece bar, in a straight line (e.g. 180 degrees+/−1 degree between the first part and the second part of the two-piece bar) via the ball-joint 201 when none of the cylinders disclosed below are activated.
A cross-sectional view along the line A-A in
Each cylinder may comprise a cylinder barrel 302 and a piston 303. The cylinder barrels 302 may be connected to the inner wall of the second part 203 of the two-piece bar. The connection may be performed e.g. by a weld joint or a screw or glue or the like. The pistons 303 may be connected to the other end of the bar 208 e.g. by weld joints, glue, screws or the like.
The barrels 302 of the cylinders 301 may e.g. be placed at a 120 degree separation along the circumference of the inner wall of the second part 203 of the two-piece bar.
In order to steer the device 100, one or more of the cylinders may be activated in order to displace the bar 204 from the equilibrium position determined by the spring 205. The cylinders 301 may be able to displace the bar 204 in any position. In
If the three cylinders are hydraulic, then the spring 205 may be replaced by springs in the cylinders such that when the cylinders are un-activated, the spring forces of the springs in the cylinders are of such a magnitude as to keep the device 100 i.e. the first part 202 and the second part 203 of the two-piece bar, in a straight line. The springs are located in the cylinders pushing on the pistons e.g. between the pistons 303 and the bar 204.
In an embodiment, the springs between the pistons 303 and the bar 204 may be push springs.
The bar 204 and the ball joint 201 may be hollow such as to, for example, allow passage of an electric wire from the first part 101 to the third part 103 via the two-piece bar and the ball-joint 201 and the bar 204. Additionally, the bar 204 and the ball joint 201 may allow passage of a tube e.g. a high pressure tube.
Thus, the device 100 may be steered by controlling the cylinders 301 and thereby the fishing-neck of the device 100.
In an embodiment, the high pressure cylinder 407 of
In the above and below, the second fluid contained in the high-pressure cylinder 407 may be chosen from the group of fluids which are known for their expansion when the pressure drops. The most effective fluids are therefore gaseous. For example Nitrogen or Helium or hydrocarbon gas or CO2 could be used as the second fluid with which the cylinder 407 is filled.
In an alternative embodiment, the three cylinders may be mechanical cylinders being controlled and driven by motors.
The third part may additionally comprise a valve controller 106 for controlling a number of valves as disclosed below.
The device 100 may further comprise a flexible member 119. For example, the flexible member may comprise arms 110 made of titanium and a texture 111 made of aramid. The flexible member 119 may have a semi-spherical shape as indicated in
The flexible member 119 may e.g. be attached to the first part 101. For example, the first part 101 may comprise a cylindrical attachment part 112 to which the flexible member 119 may be attached e.g. via weld joints or a ball bearing. The projection of the flexible member on the second part 102 may be varied and it may depend on the outer diameter of the semi-spherical shape. If for example the flexible member 119 is fully expanded (maximal outer diameter) then the projection of the flexible member 119 onto the second part 102 (i.e. the longitudinal axis of the device 100) is minimal. If for example the flexible member 119 is fully collapsed (minimal outer diameter) then the projection of the flexible member 119 onto the second part 102 is maximal. Alternatively or additionally, the projection of the flexible member 119 onto the second part 102 may be varied by altering the angle of the flexible member. Changing the angle of the flexible member will cause an unbalanced push force on the flexible member versus the axis of the device this will move the device away from the axis.
The flexible member 119 may, for example, be utilized in propelling the device 100 down the tubular channel 199. By applying a pressure on the entrance 198 side of the tubular channel 199 may expand the flexible member 109 to its maximal size, whereby the device 100 may be propelled down the tubular channel 199. If, for example, the device 100 encounters a cave-in (or a wash-out) in its path, the device 100 may change the maximal outer diameter of the flexible member such as to enable passage of the device 100 past the cave-in by adapting the outer diameter of the device 100 to the diameter of the cave-in.
Further, the device of
The first part 101 and the third part 103 may each further comprise a three-way valve V1, V2. The three-way valve V1, V2 may be fluidly coupled to the respective rubber bellow 402 e.g. via respective tubes 405. Further, the three-way valves V1, V2 may be fluidly coupled to the fluid in the tubular channel via respective vent lines 406. Additionally, each of the three-way valves V1, V2 may be fluidly coupled to a high pressure cylinder 407, e.g. situated in the second part 102 of the device 100, via respective tubes 408. The high pressure cylinder 407 may contain a second fluid.
The three-way valves V1, V2 may be controlled by the valve controller 106 which may be communicatively coupled to the three-way valves V1, V2 e.g. via an electric wire or a wireless communications channel. The valve controller 106 may, for example, receive control signals from the PLC ordering the valve controller 106 to increase and/or decrease buoyancy of the buoyancy means 401 according to the calculation results obtained by the PLC. The PLC may be communicatively coupled to the valve controller 106 via a wireless communications channel as described herein. Using the high pressure cylinder 407 and the three-way valves 406 and the buoyancy means 401, the device 100 is able to control its buoyancy.
For example, in the event that the rubber bellows 402 are filled with the second fluid e.g. N2 and the buoyancy is to be decreased i.e. the device 100 has to dive, then the three-way valve V1, V2 is opened between the rubber bellow 402 and the N2 vent line 406, whereby fluid from the tubular channel 199 may enter the titanium cylinder 403 via the permeable metal membrane 404 and simultaneously, the second fluid may flow out of the rubber bellow 402 through the N2 vent line 406 due to the elastic pressure exerted by the rubber bellow 402 on the second fluid. When the buoyancy of the device has been decreased sufficiently, e.g. determined by one or more of the sensors and the PLC 108, the three-way valve 406 is set in a closed position by receiving a control signal from the PLC 180.
Subsequently, if the buoyancy of the device 100 is to be increased i.e. the device 100 has to be raised, then the three-way valve V1, V2 is opened between the rubber bellow 402 and the high pressure cylinder 407, whereby the second fluid of the high pressure cylinder 407, e.g. N2, is pressed into the rubber bellow 402. Thereby, the rubber bellow 402 expands and thus displaces the fluid, e.g. fluid from the tubular channel, present in the titanium cylinder 403 via the permeable metal membrane 404. When the buoyancy of the device has been increased sufficiently, e.g. determined by one or more of the sensors and the PLC 108, the three-way valve 406 is set in a closed position by receiving a control signal from the PLC 180.
In an embodiment, a spinner/impeller may be attached to the permeable metal membrane 404 or placed inside the permeable metal membrane such that the spinner is spun when the fluid from the tubular channel 199 flows in or out via the permeable metal membrane 404. Thereby, the spinner is able to act as a dynamo and if the device 100 is powered by batteries, the spinner may be electrically coupled, e.g. via an electric wire, to the batteries of the device 100, and thereby the batteries may be recharged by the spinner.
In an embodiment, the three-way valves V1, V2 may be equipped with a flow restriction in order to limit the flow volume per unit time to thereby allow a certain accuracy of the three-way valves.
Thus, the device 100 may be steered by controlling its buoyancy using the high pressure cylinder 407, a three-way valve V1, V2, and the buoyancy means 401. The buoyancy of the device 100 may be controlled by the PLC 180 receiving data from the sensors and transmitting a control signal to the three-way valves V1, V2. Alternatively, the buoyancy of the device 100 may be controlled by the external communication unit receiving data from the sensors and transmitting a control signal to the three-way valves V1, V2.
In an embodiment, the buoyancy means 401 may be used to e.g. steer the first part 101 up or down with respect to the ball joint 201 e.g. by increasing the buoyancy of the buoyancy means 401 in the first part 101, e.g. by pumping the second fluid from the high pressure cylinder 407, e.g. N2, into the rubber bellow 402 of the first part 101 thereby displacing fluid from the titanium cylinder 403 to the tubular channel, and/or decreasing the buoyancy of the buoyancy means 401 in the third part 103, e.g. by displacing the second fluid from the rubber bellow 402 with fluid from the tubular channel 199 in the titanium cylinder 403 of the third part 103, as disclosed above.
Each of the jet nozzle means 501 may comprise a number of nozzles 502, e.g. 5 nozzles, through which a jet of second fluid may be thrust. Additionally, the jet nozzle means 501 may comprise a valve array 503. The valve array 503 may be fluidly coupled to the high pressure cylinder 407 via e.g. respective high pressure tubes 504. Additionally, the valve array 503 may be fluidly coupled to each of the nozzles via respective high pressure tubes 505.
The nozzles 502 may be placed in the rear of the third part 103 and in the front of the first part 101 as seen in
If, for example, the device 100 is to move straight forward, the valve array 501 may open a valve between the high pressure cylinder 407 and the centre nozzle 502 in the valve array 503 of the third part 103 thereby establishing a fluid coupling between the high pressure cylinder 407 and the centre nozzle 502. Thus, the second fluid may be thrust from the high pressure cylinder 407 via the centre nozzle 502 straight backwards into the fluid of the tubular channel 199. Therefore, the device 100 will move in the opposite direction of the thrust second fluid due to conservation of momentum i.e. straight forward.
If, for example, the device 100 is to move backwards and downwards, the valve array 501 may open a valve between the high pressure cylinder 407 and the top nozzle 502 in the first part 101 thereby establishing a fluid coupling between the high pressure cylinder 407 and the top nozzle 502.
Thus, the second fluid may be thrust from the high pressure cylinder 407 via the top nozzle 502 upwards and forwards into the fluid of the tubular channel 199. Therefore, the device 100 will move in the opposite direction of the thrust the second fluid due to conservation of momentum i.e. downwards and backwards.
Thus, the device 100 may be steered using the nozzles 502, the valve array 501 and the high pressure cylinder 407. The second fluid ejected from the nozzles of the device 100 may be controlled by the PLC 180 receiving data from the sensors and transmitting a control signal to the valve array 503 controlling the valve fluidly coupled to the nozzle(s) from which the second fluid is to be ejected. Alternatively, the second fluid ejected from the nozzles of the device 100 may be controlled by the external communication unit 102A receiving data from the sensors and transmitting a control signal to the valve array 503.
Further, the device 100 of
With the above design, the force required to hold the pin 701 in position is small, e.g. in the order of half a newton.
By being able to decrease the outer diameter of the device 100 via the flexible member 119, the device 100 may adjust its outer diameter according to obstructions in the tubular channel 199. Further, should the device 100 become stuck in a tubular channel 199, e.g. due to a wash-out or the like, the device is able to collapse the flexible member 109 via the means for contracting the flexible member disclosed with respect to
In an embodiment, the electro-magnet 605 may be replaced by an acid soluble member and the pin 701 may be released by providing contact between the acid soluble member 605 and the plate 703. Thereby, the plate 703 may be etched through whereby the first end of the plate 702 is released and the plate 702 rotates around the second rotating bar 604 allowing the pin 701 to move to the right of
In an embodiment, the device 100 may comprise a mechanical arm which may be used to push the device 100 from a tubular channel 199 wall opposite the direction the device 100 wants to move in.
As an example, the device 100 may be heading towards a wall of the tubular channel 199. The ultrasonic distance sensors transmit data to the PLC which determines that in order to avoid the wall, the upper front nozzle should eject the second fluid. Subsequently, the PLC 180 transmits a control signal indicating how much and/or how long the valve in the valve array 503 controlling the upper front nozzle should open to the valve array 503. When the valve array 503 receives the control signal, the valve fluidly coupled to the upper front nozzle is opened and a jet of second fluid is ejected from the nozzle.
Further, as an example, the device 100 may be heading towards a leg of a fishbone well. The ultrasonic distance sensors transmit data to the PLC which determines that in order to avoid the leg of the fishbone well, the buoyancy of the device 100 should be increased. Subsequently, the PLC 180 transmits a control signal indicating how much and/or how long the valves V1, V2 controlling the fluid coupling between the rubber bellows 402 and the high pressure cylinder 407 should open. When the valves V1, V2 receive the control signal, the valves open according to the control signal and the second fluid from the high pressure cylinder 407 enters the rubber bellows 402 thereby increasing the buoyancy of the device 100.
In an embodiment, the device 100 may be pumped down via the flexible member 119, as disclosed above, a certain length of the tubular channel 199, e.g. the cased part of the tubular channel 199, and from thereof, i.e. in the open hole completion part of the well, the device may propel itself via the nozzles 502, as disclosed above.
In an embodiment, the device 100 may be lowered a certain distance into of the tubular channel 199 by gravity, e.g. until the angle between the tubular channel 199 and vertical exceeds 60 degrees in which the gravitational force in most cases is not high enough to overcome the friction between the fluid and the device 100. From this point of, the device 100 may propel itself via one or more of the above disclosed means e.g. the jet nozzle means 501 and/or the flexible member 119.
In an embodiment, the device 100 may be connected to a tractor which may move a distance into the tubular channel 199, e.g. to an area of interest of a user of the device 100, and subsequently, the device 100 may be released from the tractor in order to propel itself via one or more of the above disclosed means e.g. the jet nozzle means 501 and/or the flexible member 109.
In an embodiment, the device 100 may be connected to a drilling assembly via a wire. The drilling assembly may be positioned in proximity to the external communication unit (e.g. containing the external communication unit) at the surface of the tubular channel 199. Alternatively, the drilling assembly may be positioned in the tubular channel 199.
Embodiments of the invention have mainly been described with reference to a downhole apparatus. However, it will be appreciated that the invention may also be applied to other types of apparatus for use in other types of tubular channels, such as a pipe, a fluid-filled conduit, and an oil-pipe.
In the claims enumerating several means, several of these means can be embodied by one and the same element, component or item of hardware. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims or described in different embodiments does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
It should be emphasized that the term “comprises/comprising” when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, elements, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps, components or groups thereof.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA 2009 70180 | Oct 2009 | DK | national |
This application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. § 120 of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/505,238, filed Jul. 18, 2012, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of the filing date of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2010/066233, having an international filing date of Oct. 27, 2010, which claims priority to Danish Patent Application No. PA 2009 70180, filed Oct. 30, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/256,691, filed Oct. 30, 2009, the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
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