Patent Application
20240060379
Boreholes drilled into earth formations for the extraction of hydrocarbons are typically lined with a casing or tubing. The casing for example prevents the formation wall from caving into the borehole and isolates different formation zones to prevent the flow or crossflow of formation fluids. In certain situations, when older wells are reused, the existing casing has to be removed in order to install new completions. The existing casing, however, may be difficult to remove due to scale or barite buildup exterior to the casing or the casing being cemented in place in the borehole. Unfortunately, it can take a considerable amount of time to remove the casings as various tools are run into and out of the boreholes. Hence, it would be well received in the hydrocarbon production industry if apparatuses and methods were developed to remove an existing casing lining a borehole in a more efficient manner.
Disclosed is an apparatus for removing a casing from a borehole penetrating a formation in one run of the apparatus in the borehole. The apparatus includes: a carrier configured to be conveyed in the borehole; a non-incendiary hole former disposed on the carrier and configured to form a hole in the casing; a fluid discharge device configured to discharge a fluid into the hole to wash an exterior portion of the casing; a casing puller disposed on the carrier and having a casing grip to grip the casing to lift the casing or a portion of the casing out of the borehole; a mechanical cutter disposed on the carrier and configured to cut the casing; and a valve disposed on the carrier and in fluid communication with at least one of the non-incendiary hole former, the fluid discharge device, the casing puller, and the mechanical cutter to control fluid energy to the at least one of the non-incendiary hole former, the fluid discharge device, the casing puller, and the mechanical cutter.
Also disclosed is a method for removing a casing from a borehole penetrating a formation in one run of casing removal apparatus through the borehole. The method includes: conveying a carrier through the borehole; forming a hole in the casing using a non-incendiary hole former disposed on the carrier; washing an exterior portion of the casing through the hole using a fluid discharge device; lifting the casing having a washed exterior or a portion of the casing having the washed exterior using a casing puller disposed on the carrier; cutting the casing using a mechanical cutter disposed on the carrier in response to the casing puller not being able to lift the casing after the washing; lifting the cut casing using the casing puller; and controlling fluid energy to at least one of the non-incendiary hole former, the fluid discharge device, the casing puller, and the mechanical cutter using a valve disposed on the carrier.
The following descriptions should not be considered limiting in any way. With reference to the accompanying drawings, like elements are numbered alike:
A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the disclosed apparatus and method presented herein by way of exemplification and not limitation with reference to the figures.
Disclosed are embodiments of apparatuses and methods for removing a casing from a borehole. The embodiments involve operating a string of various downhole tools and devices so that the casing can be removed in one run of the string, thus obviating the need to run various tools individually into the borehole and removing each one before the next tool is run. As a result, the casing can be removed in less time compared to the use of conventional techniques that involve using multiple tools individually.
The string of the various downhole tools and devices for one run casing removal are coupled to a carrier such as a tubular that can be a string of coupled pipes. The tubular can provide rotational energy as well as channel a fluid to one or more of these tools and devices for their operation. The tools and devices include a non-incendiary hole former such as a mechanical puncher, a packer, a casing puller, a mechanical cutter, and an energy controller such as a valve. The non-incendiary hole former is configured to form a hole in the casing without the use of explosives. The packer is configured to isolate a section of the borehole containing the punched hole so that the fluid can wash an exterior portion of the casing to loosen the casing from the borehole wall. In general, several holes are punched along a length of casing that is desired to be removed with each hole being used as a wash outlet. In general, washing may include circulating the fluid where the fluid is pumped by a pump at the surface and down through the interior of the string. The fluid then flows through the punched holes into an annulus surrounding the exterior of the casing. From there, the fluid flows to the surface where it can be recirculated. The casing puller is configured to grip an internal portion of the casing and pull the casing toward the surface of the earth using hydraulic energy. If the casing will not move after the washing, then the mechanical cutter is used to cut through the casing at one or more locations and the casing puller (e.g., hydraulic jack) is used to remove each cut section. The energy controller is configured to control the energy provided to the various downhole tools and devices.
A downhole sensor 18 may be disposed on the tubular 7 for sensing one or more properties within the casing 5A, 5B and/or the borehole 2. Non-limiting embodiments of the downhole sensor 18 include an imaging sensor such as a camera with appropriate lighting, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a depth sensor, a radiation sensor, a vibration sensor, a chemical sensor, an accelerometer, and/or an acoustic sensor. Sensed data from the sensor 18 is transmitted uphole by telemetry to a receiver at the surface such as the computer processing system 9. The sensed data may be used for positioning and operating the various downhole tools and devices. For example, the sensed data may be used to identify a cement top or stuck point to determine an optimal cut location or to locate casing collars to avoid punching these collars.
Coupled to the tubular 7 is a non-incendiary hole former 10, a packer 11, a casing puller 12, and a mechanical cutter 13. The term “non-incendiary hole former” relates to not using any explosive devices to form a hole in the casing 5. In one or more embodiments, the non-incendiary hole former 10 may include a punch 14 coupled to an energy converter or actuator 15, which converts energy to movement of the punch 14 to punch one or more holes in the casing 5. In one or more embodiments, the actuator 15 mechanically converts motion of the tubular 7 such as up and down jarring motion to movement of the punch 14 using a mechanical linkage. In one or more embodiments, the actuator 15 uses hydraulic energy to move the punch 14. In other embodiments, the actuator 15 may convert other types of energy such as an electromagnetic pulse for example to movement of the punch 14. In one or more embodiments, the actuator 15 extends a brace 16 to fix in place the non-incendiary hole former 10 while the one or more holes are being formed or punched into the casing 5.
The packer 11 includes a seal 17 to seal the tubular 7 to the casing having the one or more holes punched therein. In one or more embodiments, the seal 17 can be an expandable volume made of a pliable material such as an elastomer. Alternatively, the seal 17 can be a solid pliable material. The seal 17 can make contact with the tubular 7 and the interior of the casing 5B having the one or more punched holes in order to isolate the interior annulus (between the tubular 7 and the interior of the casing 5B) from uphole of the packer 11 and from the interior annulus downhole of the packer 11. By using two packers 11, the one or more punched holes can be isolated such that fluid channeled by the tubular 7 can be directed to the punched hole or holes to wash and flush out an exterior portion of the casing 5B using a fluid discharge device 110 such as a fluid discharge port. Debris can be washed out by circulation of the fluid from the tubular 7, through the one or more punched holes, and to the surface through the exterior portion of the casing 5B. It can be appreciated that circulation may provide an indication that the exterior portion of the casing 5B is sufficiently washed and free of adhesion such that the casing 5B may be pulled out of the borehole 2.
An energy control device 19 is configured to control energy to one or more of the downhole tools and devices. In embodiments where the energy is in the form of a moving fluid or pressurized fluid (e.g., hydraulic energy), the energy control device can be a valve 19A.
It can be appreciated that while
The method 40 may also include iterating any of the hole forming, the washing, and the cutting if at any point the casing puller is not able to lift and remove the casing completely from the borehole or a desired amount. Circulation of fluid through the tubular and into an annulus exterior to the casing may provide indication or confirmation that the casing can be removed by lifting.
The method 40 may further include controlling energy to at least one of the non-incendiary hole former, the packer, the casing puller, and the mechanical cutter using an energy control device. In one or more embodiments, the energy is hydraulic energy and the method 40 may further include controlling a position of a valve to control the hydraulic energy.
The method 40 may further include setting a packer above the non-incendiary hole former before a hole is formed in a casing if the possibility exists of pressurized trapped gases being released into the casing through the hole. Additionally, a second packer may be set below the non-incendiary hole former before the hole is formed in order to retain the released pressurized gas between the two packers.
The disclosure herein provides several advantages. One advantage is that the time for removing a casing from a borehole is reduced with the associated cost savings compared to conventional methods because the casing can be removed with one run of the carrier through the borehole. Another advantage is that the use of the non-incendiary hole former precludes the use of explosives to perforate the casing and the accompanying precautions and associated costs with their use. Also, perforations can deform casing couplings requiring a surface cutter to cut the casing apart thus adding to time and costs.
Set forth below are some embodiments of the foregoing disclosure:
Embodiment 1: An apparatus for removing a casing from a borehole penetrating a formation in one run of the apparatus in the borehole, the apparatus comprising: a carrier configured to be conveyed in the borehole, a non-incendiary hole former disposed on the carrier and configured to form a hole in the casing, a fluid discharge device configured to discharge a fluid into the hole to wash an exterior portion of the casing, a casing puller disposed on the carrier and comprising a casing grip to grip the casing to lift the casing or a portion of the casing out of the borehole, a mechanical cutter disposed on the carrier and configured to cut the casing, and a valve disposed on the carrier and in fluid communication with at least one of the non-incendiary hole former, the fluid discharge device, the casing puller, and the mechanical cutter to control fluid energy to the at least one of the non-incendiary hole former, the fluid discharge device, the casing puller, and the mechanical cutter.
Embodiment 2: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment wherein the non-incendiary hole former comprises a mechanical punch that extends to punch the hole in the casing.
Embodiment 3: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment further comprising a hydraulic actuator configured to move the mechanical punch.
Embodiment 4: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment wherein the casing puller comprises a hydraulic actuator.
Embodiment 5: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment wherein the casing puller further comprises a slip configured to engage a wall surrounding the slip.
Embodiment 6: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment further comprising a packer disposed on the carrier and comprising a seal to contact an interior wall of the casing to isolate a section of the casing having the hole.
Embodiment 7: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment wherein the packer comprises a first packer disposed above the hole and a second packer disposed below the hole.
Embodiment 8: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment wherein the valve is in fluid communication with the packer.
Embodiment 9: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment wherein the mechanical cutter comprises a cutter blade configured to cut the casing.
Embodiment 10: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment wherein the cutter blade comprises at least one of a circular blade and a longitudinal blade.
Embodiment 11: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment wherein the mechanical cutter comprises a hydraulic motor configured to operate the cutter blade.
Embodiment 12: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment further comprising a sensor disposed on the carrier, the sensor comprising at least one of an imaging sensor, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a depth sensor, a radiation sensor, a vibration sensor, a chemical sensor, an accelerometer, and/or an acoustic sensor.
Embodiment 13: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment further comprising a processing system for processing data received from the sensor via telemetry.
Embodiment 14: The apparatus according to any prior embodiment wherein the carrier comprises a tubular string.
Embodiment 15: A method for removing a casing from a borehole penetrating a formation in one run of casing removal apparatus through the borehole, the method comprising: conveying a carrier through the borehole, forming a hole in the casing using a non-incendiary hole former disposed on the carrier, washing an exterior portion of the casing through the hole using a fluid discharge device, lifting the casing having a washed exterior or a portion of the casing having the washed exterior using a casing puller disposed on the carrier, cutting the casing using a mechanical cutter disposed on the carrier in response to the casing puller not being able to lift the casing after the washing, lifting the cut casing using the casing puller, and controlling fluid energy to at least one of the non-incendiary hole former, the fluid discharge device, the casing puller, and the mechanical cutter using a valve disposed on the carrier.
Embodiment 16: The method according to any prior embodiment wherein washing comprises identifying circulation of the fluid through the carrier to the hole and through an annulus directly exterior to the casing to the surface.
Embodiment 17: The method according to any prior embodiment further comprising isolating an interior section of the casing having the hole using a first packer disposed on the carrier above the hole and a second packer disposed on the carrier below the hole.
Embodiment 18: The method according to any prior embodiment further comprising setting a first packer above the non-incendiary hole former and a second packer below the non-incendiary hole former before the hole is formed.
Embodiment 19: The method according to any prior embodiment wherein lifting comprises extending a slip from the casing puller to fix the casing puller in place by engaging a wall surrounding the slip, gripping the casing to be pulled with a casing grip, and energizing an actuator that lifts the casing grip.
In support of the teachings herein, various analysis components may be used, including a digital and/or an analog system. For example, the rig controller 8 and/or the computer processing system 9 may include digital and/or analog systems. The system may have components such as a processor, storage media, memory, input, output, communications link (wired, wireless, optical or other), user interfaces (e.g., a display or printer), software programs, signal processors (digital or analog) and other such components (such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and others) to provide for operation and analyses of the apparatus and methods disclosed herein in any of several manners well-appreciated in the art. It is considered that these teachings may be, but need not be, implemented in conjunction with a set of computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium, including memory (ROMs, RAMs), optical (CD-ROMs), or magnetic (disks, hard drives), or any other type that when executed causes a computer to implement the method of the present invention. These instructions may provide for equipment operation, control, data collection and analysis and other functions deemed relevant by a system designer, owner, user or other such personnel, in addition to the functions described in this disclosure.
Further, various other components may be included and called upon for providing for aspects of the teachings herein. For example, a power supply, magnet, electromagnet, sensor, electrode, transmitter, receiver, transceiver, antenna, controller, optical unit or components, electrical unit or electromechanical unit may be included in support of the various aspects discussed herein or in support of other functions beyond this disclosure.
Elements of the embodiments have been introduced with either the articles “a” or “an.” The articles are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “including” and “having” and the like are intended to be inclusive such that there may be additional elements other than the elements listed. The conjunction “or” when used with a list of at least two terms is intended to mean any term or combination of terms. The term “configured” relates one or more structural limitations of a device that are required for the device to perform the function or operation for which the device is configured.
The flow diagram depicted herein is just an example. There may be many variations to this diagram or the steps (or operations) described therein without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, operations may be performed in another order or other operations may be performed at certain points without changing the specific disclosed sequence of operations with respect to each other. All of these variations are considered a part of the claimed invention.
The disclosure illustratively disclosed herein may be practiced in the absence of any element which is not specifically disclosed herein.
While one or more embodiments have been shown and described, modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustrations and not limitation.
It will be recognized that the various components or technologies may provide certain necessary or beneficial functionality or features. Accordingly, these functions and features as may be needed in support of the appended claims and variations thereof, are recognized as being inherently included as a part of the teachings herein and a part of the invention disclosed.
While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications will be appreciated to adapt a particular instrument, situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
