Patent Grant
11047180
This present disclosure relates generally to techniques for performing wellsite operations. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to tubulars, such as drill strings and drill stem components, used in downhole operations.
Oilfield operations may be performed to locate and gather valuable downhole fluids. Oil rigs are positioned at wellsites, and downhole equipment, such as a drilling tool, is deployed into the ground by a drill string to reach subsurface reservoirs. At the surface, a drilling rig is provided to deploy stands of drill pipe into the wellbore to form the drill string. A drill bit is mounted on the lower end of the drill string, and advanced into the earth from the surface to form a wellbore.
Various surface equipment, such as tongs, a top drive, a Kelly and a rotating table, may be used to threadedly connect the stands of pipe (e.g., drill pipe) together, and to apply torque to the stands of drill pipe and the drill bit. A mud pit may be located at the surface for passing drilling mud through the drill string to cool the drill bit and carry away cuttings.
The drill string may be provided with various downhole components, such as a bottom hole assembly (BHA), measurement while drilling, logging while drilling, telemetry and other downhole tools, to perform various downhole operations, such as providing power to the drill bit to drill the wellbore and perform downhole measurements.
Various downhole devices, such as stabilizers, have been provided along the drill string. Examples of downhole devices are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,610,316, 4,000,549, and RE37167.
In at least one aspect, the disclosure relates to a hole cleaning joint for a drill string deployable into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation. The hole cleaning joint includes a tubular body connectable to the drill string and a hole cleaning section. The hole cleaning section is positionable about the tubular body, and has an outer surface engageable with a wall of the wellbore. The outer surface has spiral grooves extending therein defining blades therebetween. The spiral grooves may have an uphole end and a downhole end with a spiral cavity therebetween. At least a portion of the spiral cavity may have a width that decreases towards the uphole end of the spiral cavity to define a tapered flow channel to receive cuttings therethrough whereby uphole movement of cuttings is facilitated during drilling.
The hole cleaning joint may also include a connector at at least one end of the tubular body. The connector may be at least one of a sleeve, a coupling, an internal thread, a threaded end, a ring, a pin end, and/or a box end. A cross-section of the hole cleaning section has a pinwheel shape defined by a plurality of the blades with a plurality of spiral grooves therebetween.
The spiral grooves have a sloped portion and an inclined portion therein having a localized agitation area therein. The spiral grooves may include a pair of mirrored grooves, and/or an uphole portion, an intermediate portion, and a downhole portion with peripheral depressions therebetween. The spiral grooves have multiple pitches. The multiple pitches may include a first pitch and a second pitch, with the first pitch greater than the second pitch.
The hole cleaning joint may also include at least one ring. The at least one end of the hole cleaning section may terminate at the at least one ring. A diameter of the hole cleaning section may taper to the at least one ring. The spiral grooves may have a helical shape and/or be oriented in the direction of rotation.
A portion of the width of the spiral grooves may increase between the uphole and downhole ends thereof. The spiral groove may narrows at a location between the uphole end and the downhole end thereof. The hole cleaning section may have an end operatively connectable to a connector. The hole cleaning section may have the tubular body at one end thereof and a connector at an opposite end thereof.
The hole cleaning section may have an outer diameter that reduces or increases from an uphole end and to a downhole end thereof. An outer diameter of the hole cleaning section may be greater than or the same as an outer diameter of the tubular body. The hole cleaning section may be integral or modular with respect to the pipe body. The hole cleaning section may be weldable to at least one of the tubular body and/or at least one connector. The hole cleaning section may include a plurality of hole cleaning sections with at least one of the tubular bodies therebetween.
The spiral grooves may have an angle, width, depth, pitch, and orientation to facilitate flow of the cuttings uphole through the flow channel. The hole cleaning section may a defined outer diameter, shape, length, and orientation to facilitate flow of the cuttings uphole through the flow channel.
In another aspect, the disclosure relates to a hole cleaning system for drilling a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation. The system includes a drill string deployable from a rig, a bottomhole assembly carried by the drill string, and a hole cleaning joint. The hole cleaning joint includes a tubular body connectable to the drill string, and a hole cleaning section positionable about the tubular body. The hole cleaning section has an outer surface engageable with a wall of the wellbore and spiral grooves extending therein defining blades therebetween. The spiral grooves have an uphole end and a downhole end with a spiral cavity therebetween. At least a portion of the spiral cavity having a width that decreases towards the uphole end of the spiral cavity to define a tapered flow channel to receive cuttings therethrough whereby uphole movement of cuttings is facilitated during drilling.
The drill string may include at least one tubular and at least one of the hole cleaning joints. The tubular may include at least one of a drill pipe, drill collars, heavy weight drill pipe, sleeve, and/or collar. The drill string may include pairs of drill pipe and a plurality of hole cleaning joints. One of the plurality of hole cleaning joints may be operatively connected to each pair of drill pipe of the drill string. The hole cleaning joint may include a plurality of the hole cleaning sections connected to at least one of the tubular bodies. The hole cleaning joint may include connectors at each end thereof matably connectable connectors of an adjacent hole cleaning joint to form at least a portion of the drill string.
In yet another aspect, the disclosure relates to a method of drilling a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation. The method involves deploying a downhole tool from a rig via a drill string and operatively connecting at least one hole cleaning joint to the drill string. The hole cleaning joint have a hole cleaning section with spiral grooves extending into an outer surface thereof. The spiral grooves have a width that decreases towards an uphole end thereof to define a tapered flow channel therethrough. The method further involves generating cuttings by advancing a downhole tool into the subterranean formation via the drill string, facilitating flow of the cuttings to the surface by passing a drilling fluid through the drill string and up an annulus between the drill string and a wall of the wellbore such that at least a portion of the cuttings pass through the tapered flow channel of the spiral grooves.
The method may also involve agitating the cuttings in the flow channel. The operatively connecting may involve operatively connecting the at least one hole cleaning joint and at least one tubular to the drill string. The method may also involve engaging a wall of the wellbore with at least a portion of the hole cleaning joint.
Finally in another aspect, the disclosure relates to a hole cleaning joint for a drill string deployable into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation. The hole cleaning joint includes a tubular body connectable to the drill string and a hole cleaning section positionable about the tubular body. The hole cleaning section has an outer surface engageable with a wall of the wellbore, and spiral grooves extending therein defining blades therebetween. The spiral grooves have an uphole end and a downhole end with a spiral cavity therebetween. The spiral cavity has a sloped portion and an inclined portion with an obtuse angle therebetween defining a localized agitation area therein whereby uphole movement of cuttings is facilitated during drilling.
A cross-section of the hole cleaning section may have a pinwheel shape. The pinwheel shape may be defined by a plurality of the blades with a plurality of spiral grooves therebetween. A depth of the spiral grooves may increase between the sloped portion and the inclined portion. The spiral grooves may have a rounded corner between the sloped portion and the inclined portion. The spiral grooves may have a helical shape. The spiral grooves may be oriented in the direction of rotation.
So that the above recited features and advantages of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate example embodiments and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope. The figures are not necessarily to scale and certain features, and certain views of the figures may be shown exaggerated in scale or in schematic in the interest of clarity and conciseness.
The description that follows includes exemplary apparatuses, methods, techniques, and/or instruction sequences that embody techniques of the present subject matter. However, it is understood that the described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.
The present disclosure relates to hole cleaning joints positionable along a drill string to facilitate removal of cuttings during drilling. The hole cleaning joints may be connectable to (or integral with) various tubulars, such as drill pipe, drill collars, heavy weight drill pipe (HWDP), other joints, sleeves, collars, and drilling components, to drive a drill bit and to form the drill string for the passage of fluid (e.g., drilling mud) therethrough. The hole cleaning joints may be drill pipe or other joints and/or tubulars including hole cleaning pads (or wear pad) having hole cleaning sections with spiral grooves of various geometries (e.g., depths, widths, angles, pitches, and/or orientations).
Various configurations of one or more hole cleaning pads, hole cleaning sections, and/or other joints (or components) may be combined to form hole cleaning joints along the drill string. Various shapes and configurations of the hole cleaning joints, hole cleaning pads, and/or hole cleaning sections with grooves therein may be used, for example, to facilitate uphole movement of cuttings, optimize cuttings removal, perform hole cleaning, minimize differential sticking tendencies, reduce borehole friction, and/or enhance drilling efficiency.
A bottom hole assembly (BHA) 108 is at a lower end of the drill string 103 and contains various downhole components for performing downhole operations. The components may include, for example, measurement while drilling, logging while drilling, telemetry, processors and/or other downhole tools. A driver, such as a downhole motor or rotary steerable system, 109 may also be provided uphole of the bit 104 for rotationally driving the bit 104. The drill string 103 includes a plurality of drill pipe joints 115 and hole cleaning joints 111.
A mud pit 110 may be provided at the surface for passing mud through the drill string 103, the BHA 108 and out the bit 104 as indicated by the arrows. Cuttings may be returned to the surface through an annulus 114 between the drill string 103 and a wall of the wellbore 106 as also indicated by arrows. A surface controller 112 is also provided at the surface to operate the wellsite 100. As shown, the BHA 108 may optionally include a downhole controller 112 for communication between the BHA 108 and the surface controller 112. One or more controllers 112 may be provided.
The hole cleaning joints 211 herein may be used alone or connected to adjacent tubulars, such as drill pipe joints 215, using a variety of connections to form drill string 203. Ends (or connections) 212a,b of the hole cleaning joint 211 may be threadedly connectable to adjacent tubulars, such as the drill pipe joint 215. In some cases, the hole cleaning joints 211 may include connectors (or connection means) that are integrally formed therewith and/or operatively connected thereto for providing the desired connections to adjacent tubulars. Examples of connectors may include sleeves, couplings, internal threads, threaded ends, pin ends and/or box ends, among others.
In the example shown, the hole cleaning joints 211 have the same pin and box type ends 212a,b for connection to conventional drill pipe joints. While the hole cleaning joints 211 of
The hole cleaning joints 211 may be any tubular, such as a drill pipe joint (e.g., 215), HWDP, and/or other tubulars. The hole cleaning joints 211 may include, for example, pin and box ends 212a,b with a pipe (or tubular) body 222 therebetween and a hole cleaning pad 220 along the pipe body 222. The hole cleaning pad 220 may be formed integrally with or operatively connected (e.g., by friction welding) to the pipe body 222. The hole cleaning sections 220 may be welded about the pipe body 222 between either or both ends 212a,b.
The hole cleaning pad 220 may have a hole cleaning section 216 provided with grooves 218 extending therein. The hole cleaning section 216 may have customized grooves 218 formed on the hole cleaning pad 220 between portions of the pipe body 222. For example, the grooves 218 may be machined into wear pad 220 on the pipe body 222 by cutting the grooves 218 into the hole cleaning pad 220. Another option is to machine customized spirals on an extended tool joint to make the pipe body 222 and the hole cleaning pad 220 an integral part. The grooves 218 and/or hole cleaning joints 211 may have profiles and geometries to address various hole cleaning issues confronted at the wellsite 200.
The hole cleaning joints 211 may be customized to promote hole cleaning in different well drilling conditions and/or to address various hole cleaning issues confronted in the well. The hole cleaning joints 211 may be customized, for example, by varying the geometry of the spiraled grooves 218 (e.g., angle, width, depth, pitch, orientation, and/or other dimensions) and/or hole cleaning section 220 (e.g., diameter, shape, length, orientation, and/or other dimensions). The geometry of the hole cleaning section 216 may be customized to optimize hole cleaning by gathering cuttings, accelerating cuttings to move up the wellbore 206, and/or enhancing cuttings dispersal throughout and up the well bore 206 as indicated by the arrows.
Variable, customized spiraled grooves 218 distributed throughout the drill string 203 may be used, for example, to provide comprehensive reduction in differential sticking tendencies for the drill string 203. For example, an angle (e.g., pitch) of the spiral grooves 218 may be varied to promote hole cleaning by facilitating cuttings pickup from downhole locations. The angle may also be used to increase annular velocity and dispersion of the cuttings towards the surface and to optimize thrust according to hole size and fluid velocity. The spiraled grooves may be oriented at an angle in the direction of rotation (e.g., clockwise for clockwise rotation). In another example, a shape of the grooves 218 may be used to facilitate hole cleaning by facilitating the removal of cuttings and reducing differential sticking tendencies by reducing contact area between the drill string 203 and a wall of the wellbore 206.
The hole cleaning pad 220 may have selected outside diameters to further customize and optimize the hole cleaning properties. Transitions between the hole cleaning pad 220 and other portions of the pipe body 222 and/or adjacent tubulars (e.g., drill pipe joint 215) having different diameters may be customizable. A gradual transition may be provided, for example, on a downhole (or leading) end of the hole cleaning section 216 to optimize accumulation or gathering of cuttings. A steep transition from the outer diameter of the hole cleaning pad 220 to the outer diameter of the pipe body 222 on an uphole (or trailing) portion of the hole cleaning section 218 may be used to promote dispersion of cuttings up the well bore 203. Variations and unique transitions (e.g., depressions and/or raised portions) may also be incorporated along various portions of the hole cleaning joint 211 to alter drilling fluid and cutting flow patterns for more favorable hole cleaning capabilities.
In some cases, the drill string 203 may be deployed through a wellsite component, such as a blowout preventer (e.g., an annular blowout preventer) positioned about a wellbore 206. The blades between grooves 218 of the hole cleaning joint 211 may be, for example, rounded and/or smoothed (e.g., along edges of the blades) to prevent damage to the blowout preventer (e.g., blades of the blowout preventer) that may be engaged when the drill string 203 is tripping into or out of the wellbore 206.
The hole cleaning joint 311 includes a pipe body (or body upset) 322 and a hole cleaning pad 320. The hole cleaning pad 320 includes tapered ends 323a,b with the hole cleaning section 316 therebetween. The hole cleaning pad 320 may be positioned between portions of the pipe body 322 or formed integrally therewith. The hole cleaning section 316 has spiral grooves 318 extending therein. The hole cleaning pad 320 has a maximum outer diameter OD1 along a portion of the hole cleaning section 316. The OD1 reduces along the tapered ends 323a,b until it reaches the pipe body 322. The pipe body has an outer diameter OD2 that is less than the outer diameter OD1.
The hole cleaning section 316 also has an outer surface 324 with the spiral grooves 318 extending therein. Multiple spiral grooves 318 of similar shape are shown positioned about the outer surface 324. The spiral grooves 318 may extend helically along a length of the hole cleaning section 316 between the tapered ends 323a,b. The multiple spiral grooves 318 are shown as having identical dimension (e.g., angle, width, depth, pitch, orientation, and/or other dimensions). The grooves 318 have a maximum width Wmax and depth D1 that tapers at each of the hole cleaning sections 316 and terminates at each tapered end 323a,b in a tapered, rounded point.
As shown by the cross-sectional view of
In this version, the hole cleaning section 416 has grooves 418a-c disposed about an outer surface 424 of the hole cleaning section 416. As shown in this view, the grooves 418a,b are in a three-tier configuration with three rows of angled grooves 418a-c separated by a two peripheral depressions 434. The rows of angled grooves 418a,b,c include an uphole row of grooves 418a, an intermediate row of grooves 418b, and a downhole row of grooves 418c separated by the peripheral depressions 434.
The uphole and downhole rows of grooves 418a,c have similar configurations having curved grooves extending into the hole cleaning section 416. The intermediate row of grooves 418b also extend into the hole cleaning section 416, but have a shorter length than the grooves 418a,c. The angled grooves 418a,b,c are spirally aligned about the hole cleaning section 416 to form pairs 436a,b of dual spirals about the hole cleaning section 416 as indicated by dashed lines. The pairs of dual spirals 436a,b include mirrored individual spirals 436a,b touching on adjacent sides.
In this version, the hole cleaning section 516 has a plurality of grooves 518a-d disposed about an outer surface 524 of the hole cleaning section 516. Each of the sets of grooves 536a,b are the same, with each of the individual grooves 518a-d having different dimensions. Grooves 518a-c each have the variable depths and variable widths Wa-c with a constant pitches P. Groove 518d has a first portion 538a with a first Wd1 and a second portion 538b with a second width Wd2. The outer surface 524 of the hole cleaning section 516 has a constant diameter terminating at ends 512a,b.
As shown in this view, two sets 536a,b of the grooves 518a-d extend along the hole cleaning section 516 separated by a peripheral ring 537. An uphole set 536a of the spiral grooves 518a-d extends between an uphole end 512a and the ring 537. A downhole set 536b of the spiral grooves 518a-d extends between the ring 537 and a downhole end 512b. The ring(s) 537 may define a bearing portion contactable with the wellbore wall. The hole cleaning section 516 terminates at the downhole end 512b and the uphole end 512a for connection to other devices (not shown), such as an end (e.g., 212a,b of
The hole cleaning joint 611b also includes a hole cleaning pad 620 with a hole cleaning section 616 having a single spiral configuration. The hole cleaning section 616 may be the same as the hole cleaning sections 536b of
As also shown by
As demonstrated by
The varied pitches P1, P2 are at angles that may be used to provide deeper and wider spiral grooves towards a downhole (or leading) end of the hole cleaning joint 711. The profile of the grooves 718 may become shallower and narrower as the grooves 718 progress uphole along the hole cleaning section 716. This configuration may be used to encourage gathering of cuttings as the hole cleaning joint 711 enters a new section of the wellbore to be cleared of cuttings.
The size and volume of the grooves 718 may decrease toward an uphole end of the hole cleaning section 716. As the cuttings move upwards about the hole cleaning section 716, a velocity of the cuttings may be accelerated, propelling the cuttings up and out of the wellbore at an increasing rate. The grooves 718 may gradually become shallower and narrower to accelerate movement of the cuttings and/or the flow of drilling fluid.
Toward the downhole end of the hole cleaning section 716, a profile of the grooves 718 may also have an increased width and depth to promote dispersion of the cuttings and/or to prevent accumulation on a downhole side of the wellbore, for example, along obstructions in the wellbore (e.g., as ledges, key seats, tight spots and washed out sections of the wellbore).
The box end 812a and a pin end 812b are at each end of the hole cleaning joint 811 for connection to an adjacent tubular (e.g., drill pipe joint 215 of
As shown, three identical hole cleaning sections 816 are provided between the tubular connections 812a,b with pipe bodies 822 therebetween. The hole cleaning joints 811 may include one or more of the same or different hole cleaning pads 820 and/or hole cleaning sections 816. Each of the hole cleaning sections 816 may have a mixed pitch spiral configuration similar to the hole cleaning section 716 of
The hole cleaning joint 811 may have various diameters along the outer surface thereof to facilitate removal of cuttings. For example, hole cleaning sections 816 may have an overall outer diameter of OD8a. The hole cleaning section 816 may have a tapered outer surface 824 that tapers away from a central portion of the hole cleaning section 816 to the pipe bodies 822 on either side thereof. The pipe bodies 822 may have a reduced diameter OD8b. The pin and box ends 812a,b may have an outer diameter similar to the outer diameter OD8a.
As shown in
The hole cleaning joint 911 may have various diameters along the outer surface 924 thereof to facilitate removal of cuttings. For example, the hole cleaning joint 911 may have an overall outer diameter of OD9a. A reduced diameter OD9b may be provided along portions of the hole cleaning assembly 914, such as along the pipe bodies 922 and/or ends 912a,b. A reduced diameter may also be provided along the tapered outer surface 924 of the hole cleaning sections 916.
When forming the various hole cleaning pads and/or joints herein, portions of the tubular may be formed, for example, by welding the hole cleaning section to the downhole end of the hole cleaning joint just above the downhole connector (e.g., pin or box end) as shown, for example in
The hole cleaning section position may be optimized at a distance, for example far enough from the downhole connector to perform the desired hole cleaning. The hole cleaning section may be as close to the downhole end as possible to reduce the weight and size of the hole cleaning joint and/or be long enough to create a hydraulic actuation to release fluid on a downhole side of the drillstring. The spiral shape of the grooves along the hole cleaning section may be at an angle (e.g., up to about 80 degrees) to release fluid and at a velocity to facilitate movement of cuttings at a velocity flow on an uphole side of the hole cleaning joint.
The method also involves 1354—generating cuttings by advancing the downhole tool into the subterranean formation via the drill string, and 1356—facilitating flow of the cuttings to the surface by passing a drilling fluid through the drill string and up an annulus between the drill string and a wall of the wellbore such that at least a portion of the cuttings pass through the tapered flow channel of the spiral grooves. The method may be performed in any order and repeated as desired.
While specific configurations of hole cleaning sections, joints and/or assemblies are provided, various combinations of hole cleaning sections, joints and/or assemblies may be provided alone or in combination with various ends, joints, rings, and/or other features along the drill string. Various geometries of the various components may also be provided.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the techniques disclosed herein can be implemented for automated/autonomous applications via software configured with algorithms to perform the desired functions. These aspects can be implemented by programming one or more suitable general-purpose computers having appropriate hardware. The programming may be accomplished through the use of one or more program storage devices readable by the processor(s) and encoding one or more programs of instructions executable by the computer for performing the operations described herein. The program storage device may take the form of, e.g., one or more floppy disks; a CD ROM or other optical disk; a read-only memory chip (ROM); and other forms of the kind well known in the art or subsequently developed. The program of instructions may be “object code,” i.e., in binary form that is executable more-or-less directly by the computer; in “source code” that requires compilation or interpretation before execution; or in some intermediate form such as partially compiled code. The precise forms of the program storage device and of the encoding of instructions are immaterial here. Aspects of the disclosure may also be configured to perform the described functions (via appropriate hardware/software) solely on site and/or remotely controlled via an extended communication (e.g., wireless, internet, satellite, etc.) network.
While the embodiments are described with reference to various implementations and exploitations, it will be understood that these embodiments are illustrative and that the scope of the inventive subject matter is not limited to them. Many variations, modifications, additions and improvements are possible. For example, one or more hole cleaning tools, wear pad, hole cleaning sections, pipe bodies, ends, connections, tubulars and/or other features as provided herein may be utilized along the drill string. In another example, a variety of geometries may be used for the wear pads, hole cleaning sections and grooves extending therein.
Plural instances may be provided for components, operations or structures described herein as a single instance. In general, structures and functionality presented as separate components in the exemplary configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of the inventive subject matter.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2014/061843 | 10/22/2014 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015/061502 | 4/30/2015 | WO | A |
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