Patent Grant
9926762
Field of the Disclosure
This disclosure relates generally to seals for use in wellbores.
Background
Wellbores are drilled in subsurface formations for the production of hydrocarbons (oil and gas). Modern wells can extend to great well depths, often more than 15,000 ft. Hydrocarbons are trapped in various traps or zones in the subsurface formations at different depths. Such zones are referred to as reservoirs or hydrocarbon-bearing formations or production zones and further include lower completion tools to control the flow therein. In a multi-zone well bore, it is often desired to seal or isolate certain components or regions while allowing for components to pass through during installation.
The disclosure herein provides a downhole assembly that includes at least one seal, wherein the seal includes an expanding seal support.
In one aspect, a seal apparatus for use with a mandrel is disclosed that in one non-limiting embodiment contains a seal housing disposed about the mandrel, wherein the seal housing is spaced apart from the mandrel to form a seal gap, a seal member disposed between the seal housing and the mandrel, wherein the seal member is bonded to the seal housing and the seal member is formed from a first material, and a seal support disposed between the seal housing and the mandrel, wherein the seal support is formed from a second material, wherein the second material is stiffer than the first material, and the seal support extends across the seal gap in response to an energizing force applied to the seal support.
In another aspect, a method for providing a seal against a mandrel is disclosed that in one non-limiting embodiment includes providing a seal housing, the seal housing including a seal member and a seal support, wherein the seal member is bonded to the seal housing, the seal member is formed from a first material, the seal support is formed from a second material, and the second material is stiffer than the first material, disposing the mandrel against the seal housing, wherein the seal housing is spaced apart from the mandrel to form a seal gap, the seal member is disposed between the seal housing and the mandrel, and the seal support is disposed between the seal housing and the mandrel, extending the seal support across the seal gap in response to disposing the mandrel against the seal housing.
In another aspect, an isolation system is disclosed that in one non-limiting embodiment contains a tubing, an isolation device associated with the tubing, and a seal apparatus associated with the tubing, the seal apparatus including a seal housing disposed about the tubing, wherein the seal housing is spaced apart from the tubing to form a seal gap, a seal member disposed between the seal housing and the tubing, wherein the seal member is bonded to the seal housing and the seal member is formed from a first material, and a seal support disposed between the seal housing and the tubing, wherein the seal support is formed from a second material, wherein the second material is stiffer than the first material, and the seal support extends across the seal gap in response to an energizing force applied to the seal support.
Examples of the more important features of certain embodiments and methods have been summarized rather broadly in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that the contributions to the art may be appreciated. There are, of course, additional features that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject of the claims.
For a detailed understanding of the apparatus and methods disclosed herein, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof, wherein like elements are generally given same numerals and wherein:
The lower completion string 106 includes an inner pipe or tubular 120 and an outer pipe 130. The lower completion system 106 includes a sand screen 132 in lower pipe 130 proximate to the zone Z1 and a sand screen 122 in lower pipe 120 inside and proximate to the sand screen 132. The inner pipe also includes a sand screen 124 in front of the perforation 118b in Zone Z2. The lower completion string 106 further includes packers 142 and 144 isolate the annulus 152 between the casing 110 and the outer pipe 130 above and below the perforations 118a in zone Z1, while packers 144 and 146 isolate the annulus 152 between the casing 110 and the outer pipe 130 above and below the perforation 118b in zone Z2. In addition, lower completion system 106 includes packer 148 to isolate the annulus 154 between the inner pipe 120 and the outer pipe 130 above the zone Zl. In this manner, fluid 150a from zone Z1 flows only into the inner pipe 120 through the perforations 118a, sand screens 132 and 122 and fluid 150b from zone Z2 enters only into the annulus 154 above the zone Z2. Thus, in the string 100, fluid 150a from zone Z1 will flow uphole via the inner pipe 120 while fluid 150b from Zone Z2 will flow uphole via the annulus 154 between the inner pipe 120 and the outer pipe 130.
In an exemplary embodiment, isolation system 160 is associated with lower completion system 106 to isolate and control fluid flows 150a and 150b. Isolation system 160 includes a wet connect 162, packer 164, a first flow control device 166, and a second flow control device 168. Isolation system 160 may be located to associate with the upper end of lower completion 106 and interface with upper packer 146.
In the illustrated embodiment, the isolation system 160 can include one or more seals 170. In the illustrated embodiment, the seals 170 can isolate fluid flow from desired regions or components within the isolation system 160.
In the illustrated embodiment, the seal 270 includes a seal housing 272. In the illustrated embodiment, the seal housing 272 is a cylindrically formed housing having an inner diameter and an outer diameter. The seal housing 272 can support the seal components 280 by containing the seal components 280 therein. In certain embodiments, the seal housing 272 is formed from steel, or any other suitable metal. In certain embodiments, the seal housing 272 includes a recessed portion 274. In the illustrated embodiment, the recessed portion 274 is disposed within the inner diameter. In other embodiments, the recessed portion 274 is disposed on the outside diameter of the seal housing 272. The recessed portion 274 can be utilized to retain the seal components 280 therein. In the illustrated embodiment, the seal housing 272 is disposed around the mandrel 290. The seal housing 272 is spaced apart from the mandrel 290 by a seal gap 292 to allow clearance for installation and operation.
Seal components 280 are disposed between the seal housing 272 and the mandrel 290. In the illustrated embodiment, the seal components 280 are disposed within the inner diameter of the seal housing 272. In certain embodiments, the seal components 280 are disposed on the outer diameter of the seal housing 272.
In the illustrated embodiment, the seal components 280 include a seal support 282 and a seal member 284. The seal member 284 is a ring that is disposed within the seal housing 272. In the illustrated embodiment, the seal member 284 is an elastomeric member. In certain embodiments, the seal member 284 is formed from rubber or any other suitable material. In certain embodiments, the seal member 284 is disposed within the recessed portion 274 of the seal housing 272. In certain embodiments, the seal member 284 is bonded to the seal housing 272 to prevent unwanted movement or removal of the seal member 284 from the seal housing 272.
In the illustrated embodiment, before the seal member 284 is energized by either pressure or force of the mandrel 290, the seal member 290 is machined to allow the mandrel 290 to pass therethrough to allow sufficient clearance for installation. In certain embodiments, the seal member 284 is machined to final dimensions after the seal member 284 is placed in the seal housing 272.
In certain embodiments, the seal member 284 includes a circumferential groove 285. The circumferential groove 285 can allow for stress relief during stab in of the mandrel 290 by allowing the seal member 284 to move or compress within the groove 285. In certain embodiments, the circumferential groove 285 is formed by machining the groove into the seal member 284 or otherwise removing material from the seal member 284, to form a groove from an otherwise solid or unitary seal member 284.
In the illustrated embodiment, as the seal member 284 is energized by the movement of the mandrel 290 or by high pressure, seal member 284 moves outwardly to expand and seal against the mandrel 290. In certain embodiments, as the seal member 284 is energized, seal edges 286 can be forced toward the seal gap 292. In certain applications the seal member 284 may be damaged by forcing or extruding the seal edges 286 into the seal gap 292, limiting high pressure applications.
In the illustrated embodiment, the seal support 282 can be utilized to prevent the seal edges 286 from being extruded into the seal gap 292. In the illustrated embodiment, the seal support 282 is a ring that is disposed within the seal housing 272. In the illustrated embodiment, the seal support 282 is formed from a material that is stiffer than the seal member 284 to support the seal member 284 during operation. In the illustrated embodiment, the seal support 282 is formed from a stiff and flexible material. In the illustrated embodiment, the seal support 282 can be formed from polyether ether ketone (PEEK), or any other suitable thermoplastic material, thermoset material, etc. In certain embodiments, the seal support 282 is a non-elastomeric material. In certain embodiments, the seal support 282 is an elastomeric material that is stiffer than the seal member 284. In certain embodiments, the seal support 282 can be fully intact, while in other embodiments, the seal support 282 can be scarf cut. In certain embodiments, the seal support 282 can be formed together with the seal member 284 to form a unitary sealing component 280. In certain embodiments, the unitary sealing component 280 is formed by molding the seal support 282 and the seal member 284 together. Advantageously, by forming the seal support 282 and the seal member 284 from a single piece the unitary sealing component 280 can be inserted into the seal housing 272 as a single element.
In the illustrated embodiment, the seal support 282 is disposed within the recessed portion 274 of the seal housing 272. In certain embodiments, the seal support 282 is bonded to the seal housing 272 to prevent unwanted movement or removal of the seal support 282 from the seal housing 272. In certain embodiments, the seal support 282 is bonded to the seal member 284. In certain embodiments, the seal support 282 includes a retaining feature to remain retained within the seal housing 272. In certain embodiments, the seal support 282 is dovetailed with the seal housing 272.
In certain embodiments, the seal support 282 is inserted into the seal housing 272 before the seal member 284 is disposed within the housing. Similar to the seal member 284, before the seal support is energized by the mandrel 290 or the seal member 284, the seal support 282 is dimensioned to allow the mandrel 290 to pass therethrough to allow sufficient clearance for installation.
In the illustrated embodiment, as the seal member 284 is energized by the movement of the mandrel 290 or by high pressure, the seal member 284 can energize the seal support 282. In the illustrated embodiment, the seal support 282 can deform to expand the expanding portion 283 of the seal support 282. In the illustrated embodiment, the expanding portion 283 is the lower portion of the seal support 282 with a geometry configured to expand downwardly into the seal gap 292 when energized.
The expanding portion 283 can expand across the seal gap 292. In the illustrated embodiment, the seal edges 286 of the seal member 284 can be contained and prevented from extrusion and damage by preventing migration into the seal gap 292. The geometry and the material of the expanding portion 283 can be selected to expand at a desired rate or in relation to the seal member 284. Advantageously, the use of the seal support 282 allows for the use of the seal 270 in higher pressure environments without any damage to the seal member 284.
Therefore, in one aspect, a seal apparatus for use with a mandrel is disclosed that in one non-limiting embodiment contains a seal housing disposed about the mandrel, wherein the seal housing is spaced apart from the mandrel to form a seal gap, a seal member disposed between the seal housing and the mandrel, wherein the seal member is bonded to the seal housing and the seal member is formed from a first material, and a seal support disposed between the seal housing and the mandrel, wherein the seal support is formed from a second material, wherein the second material is stiffer than the first material, and the seal support extends across the seal gap in response to an energizing force applied to the seal support. In certain embodiments, the seal member is contained between the seal support, the seal housing, and the mandrel. In certain embodiments, the seal housing includes a recessed portion, wherein the seal member and the seal support are disposed within the recessed portion. In certain embodiments, the first material is an elastomeric material. In certain embodiments, the second material is PEEK. In certain embodiments, the energizing force applied to the seal support is applied by the mandrel. In certain embodiments, the seal member includes a groove portion. In certain embodiments, the seal support includes an extension portion. In certain embodiments, the seal housing is disposed around the mandrel. In certain embodiments, the seal housing is disposed within the mandrel. In certain embodiments, the seal support is bonded to the seal housing and the seal member.
In another aspect, a method for providing a seal against a mandrel is disclosed that in one non-limiting embodiment includes providing a seal housing, the seal housing including a seal member and a seal support, wherein the seal member is bonded to the seal housing, the seal member is formed from a first material, the seal support is formed from a second material, and the second material is stiffer than the first material, disposing the mandrel against the seal housing, wherein the seal housing is spaced apart from the mandrel to form a seal gap, the seal member is disposed between the seal housing and the mandrel, and the seal support is disposed between the seal housing and the mandrel, extending the seal support across the seal gap in response to disposing the mandrel against the seal housing. In certain embodiments, the seal member is contained between the seal support, the seal housing, and the mandrel. In certain embodiments, the seal housing includes a recessed portion, wherein the seal member and the seal support are disposed within the recessed portion. In certain embodiments, the first material is an elastomeric material. In certain embodiments, the second material is PEEK. In certain embodiments, the mandrel applies an energizing force to the seal support. In certain embodiments, the seal member includes a groove portion. In certain embodiments, the seal support includes an extension portion. In certain embodiments, the seal housing is disposed around the mandrel.
In another aspect, an isolation system is disclosed that in one non-limiting embodiment contains a tubing, an isolation device associated with the tubing, and a seal apparatus associated with the tubing, the seal apparatus including a seal housing disposed about the tubing, wherein the seal housing is spaced apart from the tubing to form a seal gap, a seal member disposed between the seal housing and the tubing, wherein the seal member is bonded to the seal housing and the seal member is formed from a first material, and a seal support disposed between the seal housing and the tubing, wherein the seal support is formed from a second material, wherein the second material is stiffer than the first material, and the seal support extends across the seal gap in response to an energizing force applied to the seal support.
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