Patent Application
20110163560
There are many circumstances that require a tool to be disconnected and left down hole in a well when services are performed downhole. In the past, various systems and mechanisms have been utilized to release downhole tools such as packers in different ways. Shear pins are often used to releasably connect tools, but in practical application shear pins can sometimes be unreliable due to quality control, variations in material strengths due to differing ages, batches and lots, disparate levels of service or maintenance, and other such difficulties which can result in premature release.
The current disclosure is directed to a mechanism for releasably connecting downhole tools which overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art as described above. The result is a more consistent, more predictable and more reliable mechanism for releasing downhole tools at the appropriate time. These and other advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood from a review of the various embodiments, drawings and associated description, below.
The downhole tool releasing mechanism of the current disclosure includes a collet for engaging a mandrel of a downhole tool and a retaining band disposed about the collet. The retaining band will keep the collet engaged with the downhole tool until an axially directed force, or pull, of a predetermined amount is applied to the collet. Upon application of the predetermined axially directed force, or releasing force, the collet is released from the mandrel of the downhole tool. The collet can then move axially relative to the downhole tool and may be removed from the well.
In one embodiment, the collet includes a plurality of collet fingers, the retaining band is a shear band and the mandrel has buttress threads which slidably couple the collet fingers to the mandrel of the downhole tool, which may be, for example, a packer. Upon the packer being positioned at the desired depth or position, the collet and a setting sleeve work to move the packer to a set position by applying a setting force to the packer. Upon the application of a setting force, the packer will set and the collet fingers slide along the buttress threads of the packer mandrel, expanding the collet fingers until the shear band ruptures, disengaging the collet from the packer.
Downhole tool releasing mechanism 10 must have sufficient strength to prevent premature release or breakage as the downhole tool 40 is lowered into and positioned within the well 2 and moved to the set position.
Downhole tool releasing mechanism 10 may comprise a collet or adapter 14, as better shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In the current disclosure, downhole tool 40 is depicted as a packer, but releasing mechanism 10 may be used to connect to other components or tools, such as, for example, frac plugs or bridge plugs. The construction of packers is well known in the art, and therefore downhole tool 40 is presented in a simplified form in the present description. As depicted, downhole tool 40 comprises a mandrel 41 with sealing elements 42 disposed thereabout. Upper slip retainer 48, upper slips 44, lower slips 46, upper slip wedge 50, and lower slip wedge 56 are disposed about mandrel 41. A lowermost portion 58 may be, for example, a mule shoe, but can be any type of section that serves to terminate the structure of the tool or serves as a connector for other tools. Lowermost portion 58 is fixed to mandrel 41.
In order to move downhole tool 40 to the set position, a setting force must be applied. In the embodiment described, an axially directed upward force is applied by a setting tool to collet 14. Because collet 14 is engaged with mandrel 41, an axially directed upward force will be applied thereto with collet 14. Prior to tool 40 being moved to the set position, collet 14 is disposed in setting sleeve 49. Setting sleeve 49 abuts upper slip retainer 48 and will prevent the upward movement thereof. Thus, mandrel 41 will move upward relative to upper slip retainer 48. Lowermost portion 58 of downhole tool 40 is fixed to mandrel 41 so that upward movement of mandrel 41 will force upper and lower slips 44 and 46 to ramp outward via upper and lower slip wedges 50 and 56, and will cause compression of the sealing elements 42. Upon the engagement of upper and lower slips 44 and 46 with casing 6, additional upward axial force is applied to mandrel 41, which thus applies additional pressure to packing sealing elements 42, compressing the sealing elements 42. Sealing elements 42 will expand radially outwardly to engage and seal against the casing 6. Once a sufficient upward force has been applied to move downhole tool 40 to the set position, continued application of axial force will disengage collet 14 from mandrel 41. As explained herein, the axial force required to affect this release will be at or above the setting force, and may be referred to as a breaking, or releasing force.
A setting force can be applied to the downhole tool releasing mechanism 10 in a number of ways. Consequently, the present invention may be readily incorporated into a number of setting systems. In one embodiment, the upward pulling force can be provided by means of an explosive charge (not shown) actuated by an electric signal sent along a wireline to an igniter (not shown), and thus stroking a piston (not shown) to cause collet 14 to move. Alternate means of moving collet 14 exist and may be employed as known in the art, and are envisioned within the scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment shown in
In
In operation, the downhole tool 40 and downhole tool releasing mechanism 10 are lowered into well 2. When downhole tool 40 reaches a desired location in the well, movement of the downhole tool 40 in the well is arrested. The setting tool is actuated by causing collet 14 to move axially upwardly. Setting sleeve 49 will not move relative to the well, and will abut upper slip retainer 48 to prevent upward movement thereof as previously described. The movement of mandrel 41 causes the upper slip retainer 48, upper slip wedge 50 and lower slip wedge 56 to compress the packer elements into sealing engagement with the well bore while upper slips 44 and lower slips 46 engage casing 6.
When the axial force applied to downhole tool releasing mechanism 10, and thus to collet 14, reaches the predetermined releasing force collet fingers 16 radially expand by sliding against the coupling surface of mandrel 41.
Prior to release, the radial expansion of collet fingers 16 is prevented, or at least limited by shear band 30, to keep collet 14 engaged with mandrel 41 until the releasing force is applied. As the axially directed force is applied to collet 14, a radially directed force is created via the interaction of mandrel 41 and collet fingers 16. The radially directed force of the collet fingers 16 increases with the additional axially directed force until the collet fingers 16 exert enough radially directed force to rupture shear band 30 and release the downhole releasing mechanism 10 from downhole tool 40. The radially directed force required to rupture shear band 30 will result from the application of a force that meets or exceeds the axial setting force of the tool. In one embodiment, the predetermined level of axial force may be about 25,000 lbs, but in any event is sufficient to ensure setting of downhole tool 40. The amount of force applied will vary, and will depend upon the design of the particular tool being set in the well.
In
Thus, it is seen that the apparatus and methods of the present invention readily achieve the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those inherent therein. While certain preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described for purposes of the present disclosure, numerous changes in the arrangement and construction of parts and steps may be made by those skilled in the art, which changes are encompassed within the scope and spirit of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
