Patent Application
20200256150
There are various methods by which openings are created in a production liner for injecting fluid into a formation. In a “plug and perf” frac job, the production liner is made up from standard lengths of casing. Initially, the liner does not have any openings through its sidewalls. The liner is installed in the wellbore, either in an open bore using packers or by cementing the liner in place, and the liner walls are then perforated. The perforations are typically created by perforation guns that discharge shaped charges through the liner and, if present, adjacent cement.
Before or after the perforations are formed, a plug may be deployed and set into position in the liner. Some plugs include a sleeve that is expanded radially-outward into contact with the inner surface of the liner, such that the sleeve is held in place with the liner. Then, after the perforations are formed, a ball may be dropped into the wellbore so as to engage a valve seat formed in the plug. Once having received the ball, the plug thus directs fluid pumped into the wellbore outwards, through the perforations, and into the formation.
A downhole tool system is disclosed. The downhole tool system includes a downhole tool. The downhole tool includes a body having a bore formed axially-therethrough. An inner surface of the body defines an asymmetric shoulder. The downhole tool also includes an upper cone configured to be received within the bore of the body from an upper axial end of the body. The upper cone is configured to move within the body in a first direction from the upper axial end toward the shoulder in response to actuation by a setting assembly, which forces at least a portion of the body radially-outward.
In another embodiment, the downhole tool system includes a downhole tool and a setting assembly. The downhole tool includes a body having a bore formed axially-therethrough. An inner surface of the body defines an asymmetric shoulder. The downhole tool also includes an upper cone configured to be received within the bore of the body from an upper axial end of the body. The downhole tool also includes a lower cone configured to be received within the bore of the body from a lower axial end of the body. The setting assembly is configured to move the upper and lower cones toward one another in the body. The setting assembly includes a first impediment configured to be received within a first seat in the upper cone.
A method for actuating a downhole tool system is also disclosed. The method includes running the downhole tool system into a wellbore. The downhole tool system includes a setting assembly and a downhole tool. The downhole tool includes a body having a bore formed axially-therethrough. An inner surface of the body defines an asymmetric shoulder. The downhole tool also includes an upper cone configured to be received within the bore of the body from an upper axial end of the body. The downhole tool also includes a lower cone configured to be received within the bore of the body from a lower axial end of the body. The method also includes exerting opposing axial forces on the upper cone and the lower cone with the setting assembly, which causes the upper cone and the lower cone to move toward the shoulder, thereby causing the body to expand radially-outward.
The present disclosure may best be understood by referring to the following description and accompanying drawings that are used to illustrate embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
The following disclosure describes several embodiments for implementing different features, structures, or functions of the invention. Embodiments of components, arrangements, and configurations are described below to simplify the present disclosure; however, these embodiments are provided merely as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Additionally, the present disclosure may repeat reference characters (e.g., numerals) and/or letters in the various embodiments and across the Figures provided herein. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed in the Figures. Moreover, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature in the description that follows may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be formed interposing the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. Finally, the embodiments presented below may be combined in any combination of ways, e.g., any element from one exemplary embodiment may be used in any other exemplary embodiment, without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
Additionally, certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, various entities may refer to the same component by different names, and as such, the naming convention for the elements described herein is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, unless otherwise specifically defined herein. Further, the naming convention used herein is not intended to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. Additionally, in the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to.” All numerical values in this disclosure may be exact or approximate values unless otherwise specifically stated. Accordingly, various embodiments of the disclosure may deviate from the numbers, values, and ranges disclosed herein without departing from the intended scope. In addition, unless otherwise provided herein, “or” statements are intended to be non-exclusive; for example, the statement “A or B” should be considered to mean “A, B, or both A and B.”
Referring now to
The inner surface 122 may also define a second, upper, tapered portion 142. In at least one embodiment, the second, upper, tapered portion 142 may at least partially define an axial face of the shoulder 130. The second, upper, tapered portion 142 may extend from the first, upper, tapered portion 140 toward the shoulder 130 (or the lower axial end 128 of the body 120). Thus, as shown, the inner diameter 132 of the body 120 may decrease in the second, upper, tapered portion 142 proceeding in the direction 134. As a result, the radial thickness may increase in the second, upper, tapered portion 142 proceeding in the direction 134. The second, upper, tapered portion 142 may be oriented at a different (e.g., larger) angle than the first, upper, tapered portion 140. For example, the second, upper, tapered portion 142 may be oriented at an angle from about 3 degrees to about 20 degrees, about 5 degrees to about 15 degrees, or about 8 degrees to about 12 degrees with respect to the central longitudinal axis 101 through the body 120. For example, the second, upper, tapered portion 142 may be oriented at an angle of about 10 degrees with respect to the central longitudinal axis 101.
The inner surface 122 may also define a third, upper, tapered portion 144. In at least one embodiment, the third, upper, tapered portion 144 may also and/or instead at least partially define the axial face of the shoulder 130. For example, the third, upper, tapered portion 144 may serve as a stop surface of the shoulder 130. The third, upper, tapered portion 144 may extend from the second, upper, tapered portion 142 toward the shoulder 130 (or the lower axial end 128 of the body 120). Thus, as shown, the inner diameter 132 of the body 120 may decrease in the third, upper, tapered portion 144 proceeding in the direction 134. As a result, the radial thickness may increase in the third, upper, tapered portion 144 proceeding in the direction. The third, upper, tapered portion 144 may be oriented at a different (e.g., larger) angle than the first, upper, tapered portion 140 and/or the second, upper, tapered portion 142. For example, the third, upper, tapered portion 144 may be oriented at an angle from about 15 degrees to about 75 degrees, about 20 degrees to about 60 degrees, or about 25 degrees to about 40 degrees with respect to the central longitudinal axis 101 through the body 120. For example, the third, upper, tapered portion 144 may be oriented at an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to the central longitudinal axis 101.
The inner surface 122 may also define a fourth, lower, tapered portion 146. The fourth, lower, tapered portion 146 may extend from the lower axial end 128 of the body 120 toward the shoulder 130. Thus, as shown, an inner diameter 132 of the body 120 may decrease in the fourth, lower, tapered portion 146 proceeding in a direction 136 (e.g., opposite to the direction 134). As a result, the radial thickness may increase in the fourth, lower, tapered portion 146 proceeding in the direction 136. The fourth, lower, tapered portion 146 may be oriented at an angle from about 1 degree to about 10 degrees, about 1 degree to about 7 degrees, or about 1 degree to about 5 degrees with respect to the central longitudinal axis 101 through the body 120. For example, the fourth, lower, tapered portion 146 may be oriented at an angle of about 3 degrees with respect to the central longitudinal axis 101.
The inner surface 122 may define also a fifth, lower, tapered portion 148. In at least one embodiment, the fifth, lower, tapered portion 148 may at least partially define an opposing axial face of the shoulder 130 (from the second, upper, tapered portion 142 and/or the third, upper, tapered portion 144). The fifth, lower, tapered portion 148 may extend from the fourth, lower, tapered portion 146 toward the shoulder 130 (and/or the upper axial end 126 of the body 120). Thus, as shown, the inner diameter 132 of the body 120 may decrease in the fifth, lower, tapered portion 148 proceeding in the direction 136. As a result, the radial thickness may increase in the fifth, lower, tapered portion 148 proceeding in the direction 136. The fifth, lower, tapered portion 148 may be oriented at a different (e.g., larger) angle than the fourth, lower, tapered portion 146. For example, the fifth, lower, tapered portion 148 may be orientated at an angle from about 15 degrees to about 75 degrees, about 20 degrees to about 60 degrees, or about 25 degrees to about 40 degrees with respect to the central longitudinal axis 101 through the body 120. For example, the fifth, lower, tapered portion 148 may be oriented at an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to the central longitudinal axis 101.
A flat surface 131 may also at least partially define the shoulder 130. The flat surface 131 may extend between the third, upper, tapered portion 144 and the fifth, lower, tapered portion 148. The flat surface 131 may be substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 101. In some embodiments, the flat surface 131 may be oriented at an angle to the central longitudinal axis 101, may be substituted with a curved surface, or may be omitted, e.g., such that the third, upper, tapered portion 144 meets with the fifth, lower, tapered surface 148 at an edge (e.g., a point, in cross-section).
Thus, as may be seen, the shoulder 130, which may be at least partially defined by the second, upper, tapered portion 142, the third, upper, tapered portion 144, the fifth, lower, tapered portion 148, or a combination thereof, may be asymmetric. The shoulder 130 may be asymmetric with respect to a plane 138 that extends through the shoulder 130 and is perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis 101. Further, the body 120 may be asymmetric, at least because the shoulder 130 (e.g., the radially-innermost extent thereof) may be closer to the lower axial end 128 than the upper axial end 126.
The downhole tool 100 may further include upper and lower cones 150, 152. The upper cone 150 may be received into the upper axial end 126 of the body 120, and the lower cone 152 may be received in the lower axial end 128 of the body 120. The upper and lower cones 150, 152 may each have a bore formed axially-therethrough, through which the rod 182 (see
The method 300 may also include exerting opposing axial forces on the downhole tool 110 with the setting assembly 180, as at 304. More particularly, the outer sleeve 184 may exert a downward (e.g., pushing) force on the upper cone 150, and the rod 182 may exert an upward (e.g., pulling) force on the lower cone 152. This may cause the cones 150, 152 to move axially-toward each other within the body 120. In other words, an axial distance between the cones 150, 152 may decrease.
The force exerted by the outer sleeve 184 may cause the upper cone 150 to move within the first, upper, tapered portion 140 and/or the second, upper, tapered portion 142 of the body 120, which may force an upper portion of the body 120 to radially-outward (e.g., deforming or otherwise expanding the upper portion of the body 120). Similarly, the force exerted by the rod 182 may cause the lower cone 152 to move within the fourth, lower, tapered portion 146 and/or the fifth, lower, tapered portion 148 of the body 120, which may force (e.g., deform or otherwise expand) a lower portion the body 120 radially-outward In at least one embodiment, some portions of the body 120 may be forced outwards more or less than others. For example, the portions of the body 120 that are axially-aligned with the cones 150, 152 may be forced radially-outward farther than the portions of the body 120 that are not axially-aligned with the cones 150, 152. For example, an intermediate (e.g., middle) portion of the body 120 may be forced to move radially-outward less than the portions on either side thereof that are axially-aligned with the cones 150, 152.
When the force(s) exerted by the rod 182 and/or the outer sleeve 184 reach or exceed a predetermined setting force, the setting assembly 180 may disengage from the downhole tool 110 and be pulled back to the surface. In one embodiment, this may include the rod 182 disengaging from the lower cone 152. As shown, the lower cone 152 may have teeth 153 that engage corresponding teeth 183 of the rod 182, and the teeth 153 and/or 183 may break or yield, allowing the rod 182 to separate from and be pulled upward through the body 120 and the cones 150, 152. For example, the teeth 153 of the lower cone 152 may be made of a softer material (e.g., magnesium) than the teeth 183 of the rod 182, allowing the teeth 153 to break or yield before the teeth 183. In another example, a portion of another component that couples the setting assembly 180 (e.g., the rod 182) to the downhole tool 110 (e.g., the lower cone 152) may break or yield, allowing the rod 182 to separate from and be pulled upward through the body 120 and the cones 150, 152. The predetermined setting force may be selected such that the upper cone 150 is left positioned within the first, upper, tapered portion 140 or the second, upper, tapered portion 142 (but not in the third, upper, tapered portion 144), and the lower cone 152 is left positioned within the fourth, lower, tapered portion 146 (but not the fifth, lower, tapered portion 148).
The method 300 may also include introducing an impediment (e.g., a ball) 190 into the upper cone 150, as at 306. This is shown in
The method 300 may also include increasing a pressure of a fluid in the wellbore, as at 308. The pressure may be increased between the surface and the ball 190 by the pump at the surface. Increasing the pressure may exert a downhole force on the upper cone 150 and the ball 190 (e.g., toward the shoulder 130). The force from the pressure/ball 190 may be greater than the force previously exerted by the outer sleeve 184, and may thus cause the upper cone 150 to move farther toward the shoulder 130. For example, the force from the pressure/ball 190 may cause the upper cone 150 to move from the first, upper, tapered portion 140 at least partially into (or into contact with) the second, upper, tapered portion 142, which, by virtue of having a larger taper angle than the first, upper, tapered portion 140, requires a larger force for the upper cone 150 to move therein. As the upper cone 150 is moved farther into the body 120 under force of the pressure/ball 190, more of the body 120 may be forced radially-outward as the upper cone 150 moves into the second, upper, tapered portion 142. In some embodiments, the upper cone 150 may not travel all the way to the third, upper, tapered portion 144; however, in other embodiments, the upper cone 150 may be pressed into engagement with the third, upper, tapered portion 144. The third, upper, tapered portion 144 may thus act as a stop that prevents further axial movement of the upper cone 150.
Before, during, or after reaching the second and/or third, upper, tapered, portion 142, 144, the downhole tool 110 is set in the wellbore against the surrounding tubular, and the ball 190 is in the seat 151, which prevents fluid from flowing (e.g., downward) through the downhole tool 110 and ball 190. The subterranean formation may then be fractured above the downhole tool 110.
The downhole tool 410 may further include upper and lower cones 450, 452. The upper cone 450 may be received into an upper axial end 426 of the body 420, and the lower cone 452 may be received in a lower axial end 428 of the body 420. The upper and lower cones 450, 452 may each have one or more bores formed axially-therethrough. As shown, the upper and lower cones 450, 452 may each include two bores 456A, 456B, 458A, 458B formed axially-therethrough, which may be circumferentially-offset from one another around the central longitudinal axis 401 (e.g., by 180 degrees). As described below, the upper and lower cones 450, 452 may be adducted together to force the body 420 radially-outward and into engagement with a surrounding tubular (e.g., liner or casing). The upper end of the upper cone 450 may define one or more seats (two are shown: 451A, 451B). The seats 451A, 451B may define at least a portion of the bores formed through the upper cone 450.
The setting assembly 480 may include two or more inner rods (two are shown: 482A, 482B) and an outer sleeve 484. The first rod 482A may extend through the first bore 456A in the upper cone 450 and the first bore 458A in the lower cone 452, and the second rod 482B may extend through the second bore 456B in the upper cone 450 and the second bore 458B in the lower cone 452. The rods 482A, 482B may be coupled to (or otherwise held in place with respect to) the downhole tool 410 using any of the configurations described above with respect to
One or more impediments (two are shown: 490A, 490B) may be positioned at least partially within the downhole tool system 400 when the downhole tool system 400 is run into a wellbore. More particularly, the impediments 490A, 490B may be positioned at least partially within the outer sleeve 484 of the setting assembly 480 when the downhole tool system 400 is run into the wellbore. As shown, the impediments 490A, 490B may be circumferentially-offset from one another (e.g., by 180 degrees) and/or circumferentially between the rods 482A, 482B around the central longitudinal axis 401. Further, the impediments 490A, 490B may be positioned above the upper cone 450.
In an embodiment, the impediments 490A, 490B may be spherical balls. The balls 490A, 490B may be sized and shaped to fit within the seats 451A, 451B in the upper cone 450. The upper cone 450 may include a central divider 454, which may have a pointed or otherwise narrowed or radiused upper end, so as to direct the balls 490A, 490B into the seats 451A, 451B. Although two seats 451A, 451B and two balls 490A, 490B are shown, in other embodiments, additional balls may be provided within the downhole tool system 400 to provide a redundancy in the event that the balls 490A, 490B do not properly move into the seats 451A, 451B.
The method 600 may also include exerting opposing axial forces on the downhole tool 410 with the setting assembly 480, as at 604. More particularly, the outer sleeve 484 may exert a downward (e.g., pushing) force on the upper cone 450, and the rods 482A, 482B may exert an upward (e.g., pulling) force on the lower cone 452. This may cause the cones 450, 452 to move axially-toward each other within the body 420. In other words, an axial distance between the cones 450, 452 may decrease.
The force exerted by the outer sleeve 484 may cause the upper cone 450 to move within the body 420, as described above with respect to
When the force(s) exerted by the rods 482A, 482B and/or the outer sleeve 484 reach or exceed the predetermined setting force, the setting assembly 480 may disengage from the downhole tool 410 and be pulled back to the surface. In the example shown, in response to the predetermined setting force being reached or exceeded, the shear member(s) 453 may shear or break, allowing the rods 482A, 482B to separate from and be pulled upward through the body 420 and the cones 450, 452.
Once the rods 482A, 482B are removed from the bores in the upper cone 450, the balls 490A, 490B may be free to move into the seats 451A, 451B. This is shown in
The method 600 may also include increasing a pressure of a fluid in the wellbore, as at 606. The pressure may be increased between the surface and the balls 490A, 490B by the pump at the surface. For example, the pump may start running to move the balls 490A, 490B into the seats 451A, 451B, and then continue running to increase the pressure. Increasing the pressure may exert a (e.g., downward) force on the upper cone 450 (e.g., toward the shoulder 430). The force from the pressure/balls 490A, 490B may be greater than the force previously exerted by the outer sleeve 484, and may thus cause the upper cone 450 to move farther toward the shoulder 430, as described above with respect to
At this point, the downhole tool 410 is set in the wellbore against the surrounding tubular, and the balls 490A, 490B are in the seats 451A, 451B, which prevents fluid from flowing (e.g., downward) through the downhole tool 410. The subterranean formation may then be fractured above the downhole tool 410. Any of the components of the downhole tool systems 100, 400 (e.g., cones, bodies, obstruction members, etc.) may be made from a dissolvable material such as magnesium.
As used herein, the terms “inner” and “outer”; “up” and “down”; “upper” and “lower”; “upward” and “downward”; “above” and “below”; “inward” and “outward”; “uphole” and “downhole”; and other like terms as used herein refer to relative positions to one another and are not intended to denote a particular direction or spatial orientation. The terms “couple,” “coupled,” “connect,” “connection,” “connected,” “in connection with,” and “connecting” refer to “in direct connection with” or “in connection with via one or more intermediate elements or members.”
The foregoing has outlined features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/804,046, filed on Feb. 11, 2019, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62804046 | Feb 2019 | US |
