Patent Application
20230053504
When drilling a wellbore, the pressure in the well is controlled to prevent ingress of fluids from the surrounding formation, and also to prevent migration of drilling mud into the formation. Traditionally, this has been accomplished by varying the density of the drilling fluid, which consequently varies the weight of the mud in the column formed by the well and, in offshore contexts, the riser, and thus the pressure in the well. More recently, managed pressure drilling has been employed, in which the drilling wellhead is not exposed to atmospheric pressure, but rather is sealed. A rotating control device (RCD) is provided, which grips the exterior of the drill pipe as it extends therethrough. Further, valves, chokes, mud-gas separators, etc., may be provided so as to adjust the pressure circulating in the well, e.g., without changing the density of the drilling mud.
One challenge encountered is that the RCD, generally an annular rubber element, may wear down during use, e.g., as drill pipe collars are passed through the RCD. Thus, the RCD may be replaced relatively frequently, e.g., after 100 hours of use. This can lead to non-productive rig time. Further, in offshore contexts, knowledge of the pressure in the well is useful, because problems, such as methane bubbling out of the mud, may be initiated in the riser, or even below, but may not be apparent to operators until the bubbles reach the surface. Thus, mitigation efforts often occur as a reaction to an on-going problem, rather than in advance thereof so as to avoid it.
An apparatus is disclosed that includes a rotor including an inner ring configured to be positioned around a drill pipe, an outer ring that is positioned around and spaced apart from the inner ring, a plurality of magnets coupled to the outer ring, and a plurality of blades coupled to and extending between the inner ring and the outer ring. The apparatus also includes a stator including a housing configured to fit into an annulus between the drill pipe and a surrounding tubular, and to receive the outer ring at least partially therein, and a plurality of coils that communicate with the plurality of magnets, such that in a first mode of operation, the rotor rotates to assist fluid flow therethrough and decrease drilling fluid pressure in the annulus, and in a second mode of operation, the rotation of the rotor impedes fluid flow therethrough and increases drilling fluid pressure in the annulus.
A method is also disclosed. The method includes pumping a drilling fluid through a drill string and into an annulus, adjusting a pressure of the drilling fluid in the annulus by adjusting a rotational speed of a turbine in the annulus, measuring one or more properties of the drilling fluid in the annulus using a magneto hydrodynamic circuit of the mud turbine, and refining the pressure of the drilling fluid in the annulus using the magneto hydrodynamic circuit.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present teachings and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present teachings. In the figures:
Reference will now be made in detail to specific embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings and figures. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments described herein. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.
It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first object could be termed a second object or step, and, similarly, a second object could be termed a first object or step, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
The terminology used in the description of the techniques herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the techniques herein and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. Further, as used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context.
The wellbore system 100 may further include a mud turbine 110. The mud turbine 110 may be positioned around the drill string 102, e.g., in the annulus 108, as shown in
The outer ring 204 may, for example, include a plurality of permanent magnets 208 coupled thereto, for example, received into slots formed in the outer diameter surface of the outer ring 204. The number of permanent magnets 208 employed may vary between implementations. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the greater number of magnets may imply a greater number of poles, which may permit for the rotational speed of the rotor 200 to be relatively low. For example, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or more magnets 208 may be employed. This may permit designs that avoid use of a gear reduction device, while still permitting the rotor 200 to rotate the blades 206 at relatively slow speeds, e.g., on the order of 60 revolutions per minute, although many other speeds are contemplated.
Further, the stator 300 may include a plurality of coils therein, which form electromagnets that interact with the magnets 208 (
In at least some embodiments, the mud turbine 110 may include a magneto hydrodynamic circuit. For example, the inner and outer rings 202, 204 of the rotor 200 may be coupled to a DC power source, such that one of the inner and outer rings 202, 204 serves as an anode wall and the other serves as a cathode wall. The blades 206 may be formed as electric insulators, and thus a magnetic field may be generated by application of the DC source to the inner and outer rings 202, 204. Lorentz forces are thus generated in the mud turbine 110 and may be incident upon the fluid flowing through the rotor 200. The polarity of the DC power may be switched, such that the DC power source is capable of selectively assisting or impeding fluid flow through the mud turbine 110. Additionally, the current provided by the DC power source may be modulated, so as to provide a range of forces to assist and/or impede fluid flow through the mud turbine 110.
The method 500 may further include adjusting a pressure of the drilling fluid in the annulus 108 by adjusting a rotational speed of the turbine 110 in the annulus 108, as at 504. For example, a variable frequency drive may be coupled to coils of the mud turbine 110, such that the power is controllable so as to vary the rotational speed of the rotor 200 of the mud turbine 110. Since the rotor 200 includes the blades 202, the result may be that the rotor 200 increases pressure in the annulus 108 by rotating slower than the drilling fluid flow, such that a pressure builds up below the blades 208 as the fluid travels up the annulus 108. For example, a load may be applied to the rotor 200, such that the mud turbine 110 acts as a generator, producing a resistance to fluid flow that increases pressure in the drilling fluid. The rotor 200 may further be powered to rotate so as to decrease or increase the pressure in the drilling fluid below the blades 208. Accordingly, rotational speed of the mud turbine 110 may be employed to control the pressure of the fluid in the annulus 108 and thus in contact with the wellbore wall 106.
In other words, in some embodiments, for example, the mud turbine 110 may include at least a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation. In the first mode of operation, the blades 208 may be powered to rotate via the VFD or otherwise configured not to impede, or may even be configured to assist fluid flow, therethrough. Thus, in the first mode, the operation of the mud turbine 110 may induce relatively little, no, or even negative pressure increases in the drilling fluid in the annulus 108 below the mud turbine 110. In a second mode of operation, the mud turbine 110 may act as a generator, such that a controlled load produced by the coils and the magnets 208 is overcome by the energy of the fluid to rotate the rotor 200. Accordingly, in the second mode, the mud turbine 110 may increase pressure in the drilling fluid in the annulus 108 below the mud turbine 110.
The method 500 may also include sensing fluid characteristics using the mud turbine 110, as at 506. For example, the mud turbine 110 may provide the magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) circuit discussed above. The MHD circuit may, in some cases, provide measurements of conductivity/resistivity of the fluid. For example, at low pressures, gas may bubble out of solution in the drilling fluid. The bubbles of gas may have a higher electrical resistance than the drilling fluid. Thus, the MHD circuit, which includes the fluid as it flows through the turbine 110, may be able to sense when the pressure is too low, e.g., gas bubbles are forming. Thus, rather than recognizing such a condition when the bubbles reach the surface, above the riser 104, the method 500 may permit an early detection of such conditions and permit for proactive remediation measures (e.g., modulating control valves, changing pressure by changing the speed of the mud turbine 110, etc.).
In at least some embodiments, a further adjustment to fluid pressure is also provided via the MHD circuit, as at 506. Thus, while bulk changes in pressure in the drilling fluid may be generated by changing rotational speed, relatively small or “trim” changes may be produced by changing the current provided to the MHD circuit, e.g., to assist fluid flow more or less, or oppose fluid flow. For example, the MHD circuit may provide relatively low or zero inertia for such changes, allowing for rapid implementation and variation, relative to the higher inertia (but greater range of operating pressures) in the rotor 200/stator 300 combination.
In some embodiments, a rotary control device or subsea annular can be closed when a prolonged period of zero circulation of drilling fluid is expected. This may allow for trapping a desired pressure, without continued operation of the mud turbine 110, which may avoid heating the drilling fluid. Further, it will be appreciated that, although a single stage mud turbine 110 is discussed above, any number of two or more stages (e.g., rotor/stators) may be employed.
The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Moreover, the order in which the elements of the methods described herein are illustrate and described may be re-arranged, and/or two or more elements may occur simultaneously. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain at least some of the principals of the disclosure and their practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to utilize the disclosed methods and systems and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/235,869, entitled “DOWNHOLE TURBINE FOR MANAGED PRESSURE DRILLING,” filed Aug. 23, 2021, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63235869 | Aug 2021 | US |
