This relates to a firestop element for a downlight and to a downlight incorporating a firestop element.
When a fire breaks out in a building, it should be contained as much as possible. While a ceiling in a building may be designed to impede the spread of fire, openings through the ceiling for downlights present an opportunity for a fire to spread more easily. Also, the downlights themselves can be the cause of a fire.
Therefore, there is a need for an approach to reduce the fire hazards associated with downlights.
A firestop element is provided which is fabricated from a polymer intumescent composition. The element may be associated with a light can of a downlight. In some embodiments, the firestop element will drop to a deployed position in the light can in the event of a fire.
In accordance with an embodiment, there is provided a downlight fixture comprising: a light can; a firestop element supported on or within said light can by at least one fire sensitive support, said firestop element fabricated of a polymer intumescent composition, said at least one fire sensitive support, in response to a fire, ceasing to support said firestop element such that said firestop element is freed to drop to a deployed position; and light can further having an limiter to limit a drop of said firestop element.
Other features and advantages will become apparent from the following description in conjunction with the drawings.
In the figures which illustrate example embodiments,
Turning to
A firestop element 80 is supported on the plate 64. Element 80 has a diameter similar to the inside diameter of the light can body 58. Turning to
A firestop ring 90 may extend about the base of the light can 52 and be supported on rectangular base 54.
Both the firestop element 80 and firestop ring 90 are fabricated of an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) that includes one or more IFR polymer composites. The firestop element may be rigid or elastomeric. Suitable IFR polymer composites may include base polymers, fire retardants, and blowing agents. If the base polymers are inherently fire retardant, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), halogenated polyethylene Neoprene and phenolic resin, then the fire retardants can be omitted from the composite. Synergists such as antimony oxides and/or zinc borate can be added to improve the fire retardancy of a composite. Char-forming agents can be added to promote charring and increase yield (i.e., final volume after intumescence), and thereby improve the fire retardancy and thermal insulation of a composite. Optionally, other components such as smoke suppressants, pigments, and compatibilizers such as maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin and organofunctional silanes can also be added.
Suitable blowing agents include, but are not limited to, expandable graphites, intumescent hydrated alkali metal silicates, and intumescent hydrated alkali metal silicates with certain amounts of other components such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,645,278, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The start expansion temperature (SET) of suitable blowing agents may vary between 120° C. to 350° C., which is well above the normal operating temperature of the downlight fixture. Other suitable blowing agents will also be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Blowing agents in the composite are generally used in amount of about 1 weight percent (wt %) to about 70 wt %.
Suitable fire retardants include, but are not limited to, polymeric halogen, monomeric halogen, alumina trihydrate, magnesium di-hydroxide, mica, talc, calcium carbonate, hydroxycarbonates, phosphorus compounds, red phosphorus, borate compounds, sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, silica, and/or various metal oxides. Other suitable fire retardants will also be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The concentration of the fire retardants in a composite generally varies from 5 wt % to 55 wt %.
Suitable base polymers include, but are not limited to, thermoplastics, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, ABS, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, EVA, thermosetting plastics, and elastomers, such as epoxy, Neoprene, cross-linked polyethylene, silicone, NBR, thermoplastic elastomers, or the blend of above. Other suitable base polymers will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
A mixture of the different components described above can be compounded into a composite. This composite can in turn be formed into desired geometries by known polymer processing methods such as injection molding, compression molding, transfer molding, or the like. The melting temperature of the base polymers should be lower than the SET of the blowing agents in the composite and higher than the normal operating temperatures expected in the downlight fixture. The temperature between the melting temperature of the base polymers and the SET of the blowing agents is the processing window for the composite. An IFR polymer composite formulated to have an expansion ratio of between 1.2 and 50 is suitable.
Example suitable IFR polymer composites are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,790,893 issued Sep. 14, 2004 to Nguyen et al., the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, US2010/0086268 to Reyes, published Apr. 8, 2010, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, and US2012/0022201 to Zhvanetskiy et al., published Jan. 26, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
In normal operation, the voids 88 of element 80 assist in allowing heat to dissipate in the light can. However, if the temperature in the ceiling rises, the polymer in the composite of firestop elements 80 and 90 may begin to soften. In this instance, base 54 will support element 90 and plate 64 will support element 80. If the temperature reaches the SET of the blowing agents of the composite, the elements 80 and 90 will begin to expand and melt forming an outer layer of char. In this regard, the voids 88 and ribs 92 of element 80 increase the surface area of the disk as compared with that of a solid disk. In consequence, the IFR material of element 80 will react more quickly if the external temperature reaches the SET temperature, and therefore expand more quickly, than would similar IFR material of a similarly sized solid disk.
The thickness of element 80 and the volume of material of the element are chosen so that element 80 will expand to plug the top of the light can 52. Element 90 is sized so that it will expand to close off any gap between base 54 and light can 52 as well as the gap between the light can 52 and the opening through the ceiling.
The layer of char formed during charring of elements 80 and 90 provides a thermal insulation barrier that helps minimize heat transfer. Char formation can also provide a barrier that reduces volatile gas formation within the IFR composition and separates oxygen in the gas that is formed from the underlying (burning) substrate. Thus, the char forming on burning of the IFR composition can result in a shorter burning time for some IFR compositions.
Flames from any fire below the downlight fixture will therefore be blocked from licking up the outside the light can or up through the hole 76 in the top of the can by the expanded elements. Also, the resultant thermal insulating plugs in and around the can will reduce the temperature at the top of the can, therefore reducing the likelihood of combustion of materials above and/or around the light can.
It will be apparent that firestop element 80 could have a different pattern of lands and voids and still assist in heat dissipation in the light can during normal operation as well as presenting an increased surface area that would increase the speed of intumescence. Thus, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that element 80 may have other surface patterns.
A number of further embodiments are contemplated where each of these further embodiments has at least one firestop element with a composition as has been described for firestop elements 80 and 90.
In normal operation, the slots 178 allow heat to dissipate from the light can such that the sleeve 190 does not significantly decrease the rate of heat dissipation from the light can. If downlight fixture 100 is exposed to a fire, the firestop sleeve will first soften, and then intumesce. The ribs 176 increase the surface area of the firestop sleeve 190 which speeds its reaction time. Because of the taper of the sleeve, when it softens it may collapse inwardly onto the outer surface of the light can. In such instance the light can 52 will support the sleeve while it intumesces. In addition, the firestop disk (not shown) within the can 52 intumesces, as afore-described in connection with the first embodiment.
In the event that firestop sleeve 190 intumesces due to a fire, it will seal up the interface between the light can 52 and base 54 and will also seal off openings in the body 58 of the light can 52. The expansion ratio of the sleeve can be chosen to be sufficiently high that the intumesced sleeve can plug the opening in the ceiling.
Turning to
Turning to
In use, in normal operation, ribbed element 280 allows a greater rate of heat dissipation from the light can than would a solid element having the same extent. In the event of fire, if the temperature of the element 280 exceeds the SET, the element expands to plug the top of the light can and char is formed to provide a thermal barrier. As with firestop element 80 (
Element 280 may soften as its temperature increases beyond the normal operating temperatures of fixture 200 but remains below SET. However, in this instance, the dome shape of element 280 assists in resisting sag.
The ribs 256 of element 280 could be replaced by other projections that increase the surface area of the element.
Turning to
Firestop element 390 is provided with a central opening 370 in its top disk-shaped portion 360 which accommodates a conductor 378 extending from the ballast or wiring box 356 into the light can.
The downlight fixture 300 does not have a firestop element within the light can 352.
In use, the slots 338, 348 in the firestop element 390 assist in the dissipation of heat generated by the light. If due to a fire the temperature of the firestop element 390 exceeds the SET, the element expands to evelop the light can and char is formed to provide a thermal barrier. The basal band 350 of the element 390 is sized so that it will expand to close off any gap between base 354 and light can 352. As with element 190 (
Element 390 may soften as its temperature increases beyond the normal operating temperatures of fixture 300 but remains below SET. However, in this instance, the firestop element may slump inwardly to be supported by the light can. If the element 390 is tapered, this will help ensure that the element will collapse toward the light can when it softens, and will char around the can. Moreover, the medial and basal bands 342, 350 of the element impart strength to the element which assists in keeping the ribs in place while they soften.
Turning to
Turning to
A light mount (socket) 472 is disposed within openings 482, 484 and mounted by mounts 476 that extend through the firestop element opening 482 and attach to the light can 412. An electrical conductor (not shown) extends from a wiring box or ballast (not shown) through opening 482 to the light mount. A light bulb 474 is mounted to the light mount. Notably, openings 482, 284 have a diameter greater than that that of both the light mount 472 and the light bulb 474. A firestop gasket ring 490 extends about the base of the light can 412 and is enveloped by a metal sleeve 494.
In manufacture, the firestop element 480 with support plate 485 is set onto the tongues of the plastic tabs 420 projecting from the body 458 of the light can. The end cap 460 with supported light mount 472 is then mounted to the light can body 458 using rivets 462. Typically a light bulb may be mounted to the socket after installation in a ceiling.
In use, in the event of a fire, the meltable or flammable tabs 420 melt and/or burn off. In consequence, firestop element 480 with its support plate 485 are no longer supported and they drop downwardly until, as illustrated in
Further, the intumescent gasket ring 490 extending about the light can intumesces. The metal sleeve 494 constrains the ring such that the only place it can expand while it intumesces is into the interface between the light can 412 and base 454. The constraining sleeve 494 also densifies the char such that the interface between the light can and base is not only plugged, but there is a strong thermal barrier at this interface.
Turning to
An intumescent ring 490 and constraining metal sleeve 494 surround the base of the light can as described in conjunction with
In manufacture, the tabs 520 are inserted into the body 558 of the light can 512 and the heat sink is then moved into place within the body 558. Tabs 522 are then inserted into the heat sink so that the tongues of tabs 522 overlie the tongues of tabs 520 whereby the heat sink is supported within body 558 of the light can 512. Next the firestop element 580 with its support plate 585 is set in place on the top of the heat sink and the cap 560 of the light can is riveted to the light can body 558.
In use, in the event of a fire, plastic tabs 520 and 522 melt or burn off. In consequence, heat sink 570 with its LED light 568 is no longer supported within the light can 512 and it falls away, as illustrated in
If the heat sink makes a close fit with the light can, lip 532 could be replaced with spring tabs joined to base 554. These tabs would be deflected upwardly by the heat sink when it is in place within the light can and would resiliently spring to a deployed, inwardly projecting, position when the heat sink fell away in the event of a fire such that the firestop element 580 and its support plate 585 would be arrested by the deployed hinge tabs.
Referencing
To install the heat sink in the light can, the two legs of a spring clip are pinched together against the urging of spring section 676, inserted into a C-clip, and released. This is repeated with the second C-clip. The feet 679 of the legs allow the LED light to hang from the C-clips, as shown in
The top of the light can 612 is a steel plate 685 surrounded by a fire sensitive support, namely meltable or flammable ring 687, which may be a thermoplastic ring. The ring sits atop the light can body 658. The ring 687 can be held to the light can body 658 by rivets or screws and can be press fit to the steel plate. The plate may be solid, or if helpful for heat dissipation, apertured. A firestop element 680, illustrated in perspective view in
An intumescent ring 490 and constraining metal sleeve 494 surround the base of the light can as described in conjunction with
In use, in the event of a fire, meltable or flammable C-clips 620 melt and/or burn off. In consequence, LED light 668 with its spring clips 674 is no longer supported within the light can 612 and it falls away, as illustrated in
The meltable or flammable C-clips may be made of nylon and the spring clips 674 may be made of spring steel. A consequence of this is that the spring clips 674 may slip within the C-clips 620 due to the relatively low coefficient of static friction between nylon and steel, specifically about 0.1. If there is slippage, the LED light 668 will migrate down toward the position shown in
To address the prospect of the LED light 668 slipping down from the light can, each C-clip 620 may be replaced by a different fire sensitive support, namely the clip shown in
The mounting section 1634 of the supporting element 1632 can be supported by the base as shown in
With two clips 1620 installed in a light can, spring clips 674 (
In a fire, the nylon base 1622 of clip 1620 melts away so that the LED light 668 with its spring clips 674 (and its LED light) is no longer supported within the light can 612 and it falls away. If desired, the rivets holding the nylon base to the light can be made of aluminum so that they too melt away in a fire.
In another embodiment, referring to
A firestop gasket ring 790 extends about the base of the light can 752 and is supported on base 754. The firestop gasket ring 790 is enveloped by a metal sleeve 794.
In manufacture, the guiderail assembly 772 is mounted to the base 754 then the tabs 779 of metal support plate 785 are inserted into the guiderails 774 so that the firestop element 780 with its support plate 785 are slidably mounted to the guiderails. Next the heat sink 770 may be inserted into the body 758 of the light can 712 and tabs 722 inserted into the heat sink so that the tongues of the tabs 722 extend within the clips 720 whereby the heat sink is supported within body 758 of the light can 712 and the firestop element 780 with its support plate 785 rests on the top of the heat sink. Cap 760 of the light can is then riveted to the light can body 758.
In use, in the event of a fire, clips 720 and tabs 722 melt or burn off. In consequence, heat sink 770 (with its light base and LED light) is no longer supported within the light can 712 and it falls away, as illustrated in
Turning to
An intumescent ring and constraining metal sleeve (not shown) may surround the base of the light can as described in conjunction with
In manufacture, tabs 820 are inserted into the light can 812. The heat sink is then moved into place within the light can and tabs 822 are inserted into the heat sink so that the tongues of tabs 822 overlie the tongues of tabs 820 whereby the heat sink is supported within the light can 812. Next, the firestop element 880 with its support plate 885 is set in place on the top of the heat sink. The cap 860 of the light can, which is joined to the support plate 885 by cables 895 is then brought into place on top of the body 858 of the can, looping excess cable onto the mounting plate in the process. Cap 860 is then riveted in place.
In use, in the event of a fire, tabs 820 and 822 melt or burn off. In consequence, heat sink 870 (with its LED light) is no longer supported within the light can 812 and it falls away, as illustrated in
Referencing
The top of the light can 912 is a steel plate 985 surrounded by a fire sensitive element, namely meltable or flammable plastic ring 987. The ring sits atop the light can. The ring 987 can be held to the light can by rivets or screws and can be press fit to the steel plate. The plate 985 may be solid or, if helpful for heat dissipation, apertured. A firestop element 980, illustrated in perspective view in
An intumescent ring 490 and constraining metal sleeve 494 surround the base of the light can as described in conjunction with
In manufacture, the tabs 920 are inserted into the light can 912 and the heat sink is then moved into place within the light can. Tabs 922 are then inserted into the heat sink so that the tongues of tabs 922 overlie the tongues of tabs 920 whereby the heat sink is supported within the light can 912.
In use, in the event of a fire, tabs 920 and 922 melt and/or burn off. In consequence, heat sink 970 (and its LED light) is no longer supported within the light can 912 and it falls away, as illustrated in
Turning to
An intumescent ring and constraining metal sleeve (not shown) may surround the base of the light can as described in conjunction with
In manufacture, tabs 1020 are inserted into the light can 1012. The heat sink is then moved into place within the light can and tabs 1022 are inserted into the heat sink so that the tongues of tabs 1022 overlie the tongues of tabs 1020 whereby the heat sink is supported within the light can 1012. Next, the end 1093 of each cable 1085 may be threaded through a peripheral opening 1102 of plate 1085 and a void 88 of disk 80 and attached to the underside of the cap 1060 of the light can 1012. The firestop element 80 with its support plate 1085 can then be set in place on the top of the heat sink. The cap 1060 of the light can is then brought into place on top of the body 1058 of the can, allowing excess cable to move through disk and plate so that the bulbous cable ends hang proximate the base of the light can 1012. Cap 1060 is then riveted in place.
In use, in the event of a fire, tabs 1020 and 1022 melt or burn off. In consequence, heat sink 1070 (with its LED light 1068) is no longer supported within the light can 1012 and it falls away, as illustrated in
Turning to
With reference to
To install the heat sink in the light can, the two legs of a spring clip are pinched together against the urging of spring section 1276, inserted into a clip 1620, and released. This is repeated with the second clip. The feet 1279 of the legs allow the heat sink to hang from the clips. The heat sink may then be pressed upwardly into the light can until the lip 1271 of the heat sink abuts base 1254, as shown in
In use, in the event of a fire, the meltable or flammable base 1622 of clips 1620 melt and/or burn off. In consequence, heat sink 1270 with its spring clips 1274 (and its LED light) is no longer supported within the light can 1212 and it falls away. As described in conjunction with
The spring clips 1274 and clips 1620 that support the heat sink in the embodiment described in connection with
Any of the embodiments described with a separate heat sink and LED light could be replaced with an LED light that incorporates a heat sink, as shown in
The metal support plate on which a firestop element is mounted or upon which it rests in various of the embodiments assists in avoiding slump as the firestop element softens at elevated temperatures below the SET. For at least some firestop compositions, slump may not be problematic; in such circumstances, the support plate may not be needed.
The various firestop elements have been described as having voids to create ribs or other features which increase the surface area of the elements to improve the intumescing reaction time. In this regard, while the described firestop elements typically have regularly spaced identical features and voids, the features may differ and be irregularly spaced and reaction time can still be improved. Further, in some embodiments, reaction time of an element, and heat dissipation in the light can, may be sufficient without the addition of voids. Accordingly, it may sometimes be sufficient to provide a firestop element in the described embodiments which lacks voids.
The one or more fire sensitive supports which cease to support the firestop element in some embodiments have been described as meltable or flammable tabs or clips or as a ring. In other embodiments, different fire sensitive supports may be employed. For example, in some embodiments, the fire sensitive supports may be bimetallic elements which bend to a non-supporting position when sufficiently heated by a fire.
Other modifications will be apparent to one of skill in the art and, therefore, the invention is defined in the claims.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/790,711 filed Oct. 23, 2017, which application is a continuation application of Ser. No. 14/725,458, filed May 29, 2015, which application is a continuation-in-part application of application Ser. No. 14/555,029, filed Nov. 26, 2014, the contents of these prior applications are incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3955330 | Wendt | May 1976 | A |
4137376 | Clegg et al. | Jan 1979 | A |
4364210 | Flemning et al. | Dec 1982 | A |
4513173 | Merry | Apr 1985 | A |
4630415 | Attwell | Dec 1986 | A |
4754377 | Wenman | Jan 1988 | A |
4888925 | Harbeke | Dec 1989 | A |
4916800 | Harbeke | Apr 1990 | A |
5058341 | Harbeke, Jr. | Oct 1991 | A |
5103609 | Thoreson et al. | Apr 1992 | A |
5129201 | Robertson et al. | Jul 1992 | A |
5174077 | Murota | Dec 1992 | A |
5301475 | Stefely | Apr 1994 | A |
5417019 | Marshall et al. | May 1995 | A |
5452551 | Charland et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
5887395 | Navarro et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5950376 | Kemeny et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
6105334 | Monson et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6176052 | Takahashi | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6305133 | Cornwall | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6336297 | Cornwall | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6412243 | Sutelan | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6645278 | Langile et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6694684 | Radke et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6725615 | Porter | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6747074 | Buckingham et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6790893 | Nguyen et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
7080486 | Badke et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7397219 | Phillips et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7465888 | Fischer et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7470048 | Wu | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7476010 | Johnson | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7486047 | Phillips et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7651238 | O'Brien | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7651248 | Hua | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7670033 | Steer et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7812253 | Moselle | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7913468 | Spais | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7954974 | Johnson | Jun 2011 | B2 |
8146305 | Cordts | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8263254 | Mehta et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8277965 | Hermann et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8367233 | Hermann et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8393121 | Beele | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8397452 | Stahl, Sr. et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
9089716 | Peterson et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
20020155348 | Gitto | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20040016190 | Radke et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040100040 | Sakno | May 2004 | A1 |
20040168398 | Sakno et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20050170238 | Abu-Isa et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20060096207 | Spais | May 2006 | A1 |
20060234119 | Kruger et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20080011383 | Paetow et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20090218130 | Monden et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20100136391 | Prilutsky et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100136404 | Hermann et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20110064997 | Peskar et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110088342 | Stahl, Sr. et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110262783 | Mehta | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110281154 | Vissers et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20120022201 | Zhvanetskiy et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120034501 | Hermann et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120231318 | Buck et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120233943 | Monden et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120304979 | Munzenberger et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
20130061545 | Van Walraven et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130086857 | Paetow et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130104474 | Klein | May 2013 | A1 |
20130118102 | Pilz et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130143076 | Sachdev et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
20130247487 | Turner | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20140077043 | Foerg | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20160238225 | Rashidi Doust | Aug 2016 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2786202 | Mar 2013 | CA |
101656304 | Sep 2011 | CN |
19934902 | Jan 2000 | DE |
202012003405 | Aug 2013 | DE |
102013203173 | Oct 2013 | DE |
0635665 | Mar 1997 | EP |
1273841 | Jan 2003 | EP |
2572760 | Mar 2013 | EP |
2077382 | Dec 1981 | GB |
2108614 | May 1983 | GB |
2422191 | Jul 2006 | GB |
2459538 | Apr 2009 | GB |
2471929 | Jan 2011 | GB |
2495009 | Mar 2013 | GB |
2515649 | Dec 2014 | GB |
2517222 | Feb 2015 | GB |
20070023293 | Feb 2007 | KR |
2011124886 | Oct 2011 | WO |
2012080758 | Jun 2012 | WO |
2013045937 | Apr 2013 | WO |
2013145790 | Oct 2013 | WO |
2014013265 | Jan 2014 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Tremco Illbruck Coating Ltd., “B600 Intumescent Pipe Sleeve”, Jun. 2010, retrieved Dec. 10, 2013 at: http://www.nullifirefirestopping.co.uk/celumdb/documents/Nullifire_B600_DS_GB_19530.pdf, (4 pages). |
PFC Corofil, “PFC Corofil Intemescent Conduit”, retrieved Dec. 10, 2013 at: http://www.pfc-corofil.com/sites/default/files/products/downloads/pfc_corofil_intumescent_conduit.pdf, (1 page). |
Fischer Fixing Systems, “Fischer Conduit intumescent—FCi”, retrieved Dec. 10, 2013 at: https://www.byko.is/media/fischer/15_-_fischer_Conduit_Intumescent.pdf, (1 page). |
ENIA (Energy Networks & Industrial Applications), “Fire stop bafflers Fire-Stop”, retrieved Dec. 10, 2013 at: http://www.enia.gr/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/FireBarriersRaytechCatal_SIGGR.pdf, (7 pages). |
The Sparks Direct Blog, “Aurora Fire Rated Downlights: How are they tested and how do they work?”, retrieved Sep. 26, 2013 at: http://blog.sparksdirect.co.uk/tag/building-regulations/, (8 pages). |
ISE Fire Products & Services Ltd., “Intumescent Fire Protection Products”, 2013, retrieved Sep. 26, 2013 at: http://www.isefireproducts.co.uk/intumescent-products, (2 pages). |
Kidde Fire Protection Services, “Intumescent Fire Seals Product Range”, retrieved Sep. 26, 2013 at: http://www.kiddefps.com/utcfs/ws-407/Assets/Intumescent%20Fire%20Seals.pdf, (31 pages). |
Pemko Manufacturing Co., Inc., “Adhesive Gasketing (AG): Adhesive-Backed Fire/Smoke Gasketing”, retrieved Sep. 26, 2013 at:http://www.pemko.com/index.cfm?event=products.productListing&searchName=Search+by+Pemko+Product+Number&openFilter=loadPemkoPartNumberSearch&partNumber=s773&partCategorylds=S773D%3A895, (6 pages). |
Trademark Hardware, “Adhesive Weatherstrip, 5/16″ Wide Silicone and Intumescent Fin”, retrieved at: Sep. 26, 2013 at: http://www.tmhardware.com/Adhesive-Weatherstrip-Gasketing-Intumescent-Fin.html, (2pages). |
Machine-generated English translation by EPO and Google, Description of EP1273841, Züll, Armin, “The invention relates to a fire sleeve”, Jan. 8, 2003 (11 pages). |
Machine-generated English translation by EPO and Google, Description DE19934902, Haupt, Gabriele, “The invention relates to a foreclosure of pipes, cables and ducts through walls or ceilings, as well as joints, columns and wall openings”, Jan. 27, 2000 (7 pages). |
Machine-generated English translation by EPO and Google, Description of DE202012003405, Doyma GMbH & Co., “The invention relates to a wrapping tape for the fire-resistant sealing of pipe passages, with a first and an opposite second side having an intumescent material under heat”, Aug. 29, 2013 (33 pages). |
Machine-generated English translation by EPO and Google, Description of DE102013203173, Chikatimalla, Rajesh, “The invention relates to a wrapping tape for the fire-resistant sealing of pipe passages, with a first and an opposite second side having an intumescent material under heat”, Oct. 10, 2013 (29 pages). |
Tesla Motors Club, “Amazing Core Tesla Battery IP—18650 Cell” retrieved from web page: http://www.teslamotorsclub.com/showthread.php/17456-Amazing-Core-Tesla Battery-IP . . . ; Nov. 18, 2013 (10 pages). |
Proquest Dialog, Flame Retardancy News 14.11 (Nov. 2004), “Great Lakes Intros New Intumescents”, retrieved from web page: http://search.proquest.com/professional/docview/671320957/141D2914C631D147EDD/6 . . . ; Nov. 18, 2013 (2 pages). |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20190011096 A1 | Jan 2019 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 14725458 | May 2015 | US |
Child | 15790711 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 15790711 | Oct 2017 | US |
Child | 16130222 | US | |
Parent | 14555029 | Nov 2014 | US |
Child | 14725458 | US |