The invention relates to a drainage body according to the preamble of claim 1.
It should be mentioned at this point that the invention also relates to a drainage unit that comprises a plurality of such drainage bodies and in addition to further structures associated herewith.
The sealing of surfaces significantly impairs the groundwater balance. In addition to this, the surface and groundwater runoff must be diverted and fed to sewage treatment plants. Seepage structures, which are comprised of such drainage elements, are constructed to counteract this problem. Such drainage elements are disclosed, for example, in the following printed documents: DE 20 2005 010 090 U1; DE 202 21 567 U1; DE 10 2005 056 131 A1; EP 162 60 640 B1; DE 43 04 609 A1, EP 0 787 865131; EP 09 43 737 B1; EP 1 416 099 B1; DE 697 00 174 T2; DE 299 24 050 U1; EP 1 469 133 A2; EP 1 887 145 A1; EP 1 452 653 B1. These known drainage elements or seepage systems are only stable to a limited extent. Moreover, there exists a considerable problem with regard to transport and storage, as on the one hand the drainage units should have a reservoir volume that is as large as possible but on the other hand it is precisely this that increases the storage and stacking volume.
DE 201 05 694 U1 discloses a water reservoir and retention system that is constructed from perforated bowls with side walls extending in a frusto-pyramid shape. This ensures good stackability. However, the disclosed system is then and only then suitable to take higher loads if the individual elements are relatively small. Moreover, it is not possible to construct units that conduct water from a plurality of such water reservoir boxes.
From EP 0 612 888 A1 discloses the use of specific moulds or casting equipment for the construction of water drainage systems. However, the method described therein is expensive and complex.
The object of the invention is to develop a drainage body according to EP 1 452 653 B1 to the effect that a high level of stability is assured.
This object is achieved by a drainage body according to claim 1.
In particular, this object is achieved by a drainage body having at least two substantially identically shaped surface units, that is a base unit and a substantially identically shaped top unit, which are combinable with one another an installation spacing by way of spacers, whereby the spacers are disposed on the surface units in such a manner that the base units and the top units can be laid overlapping one another in the manner of a masonry bond.
This special moulding of the spacers ensures that the surface units stand considerably more stably on top of one another. As a result, not only is it possible for higher loads to be absorbed from the surface but it is also possible to construct seepage systems that are still stable and which (temporarily) store a larger volume of water.
Preferably, the spacers essentially have, for example, a frusto-conical or frusto-pyramid shape with a circumscribed cross-sectional area which becomes smaller as its distance from the surface units increases.
It is particularly advantageous if a plurality of surface units are interlockingly stackable. Moreover, due to the formation of the surface units in such a manner that base and top consist of identical components, storage and transport is in turn improved and the effort involved in manufacture is reduced.
The spacers are preferably formed as hollow bodies having an internal cross-section that is congruent with the external cross-section in such a way that the spacers are insertable inside one another when stacking. Thus when stacked the spacers do not sit adjacent to one another but rather inside one another such that larger groups of surface units form stable packages. Preferably, the spacers are formed as hollow bodies and are moulded integrally with the surface units.
The spacers preferably have plug/socket fastening sections distributed in such a manner that they engage in one another in the installed condition. This brings about a further increase in the stability of surface units stacked on top of one another. In this case, the surface units are interlockingly stackable in such a manner that the installation spacing of the surface units is considerably larger than their spacing in the stacked condition. Alternatively, the one, e.g. the socket fastening sections, may also be provided in the surface units while the other fastening sections are located on the spacers.
The spacers preferably have locking devices for mutual interlocking of the spacers with one another or for interlocking of the spacers with the surface units in the installed condition. As a result, one each of a base and an associated top already form stable units which can thus be constructed into larger “double bases”.
The surface units preferably also have breakaway sections for the formation of inspection openings, whereby preferably load distribution elements are provided in the inspection opening for fitting and supporting an inspection cover. In this way even major seepage systems can be cleaned from time to time in such a manner that the sludges and fine materials which prevent seepage can be flushed out and extracted by means of suction.
The spacers clue to their conical shape already have a very high stability in respect of bending and buckling. Preferably, stiffening portions are attached to the spacers on their circumferential surfaces, however, which further increase stability. In particular, the outer surfaces are provided with corrugations which run parallel to the longitudinal axes of the spacers. As a whole, wave-like surface units are created similar to a “pudding mould”. A significant increase in the stability of the spacers is thereby achieved in a simple manner, particularly in relation to shearing forces.
Preferably, side walls are provided which are designed such that they may be attached to combine with each other at the base units and at the top units. Thus, structures completely enclosed circumferentially up to water penetration openings may be formed which can be installed as hollow bodies in the ground.
Especially advantageous is when the side walls have side wall supports which become engaged with the spacers after joining the side walls to the base units and to the top units to support the side walls. Forces acting on the side walls are thereby passed to the spacers so that a significant stiffening of the side walls can be achieved via the spacers already present.
The surface units preferably have in particular joining devices on the margins for horizontal and/or vertical joining to other surface units and/or for attaching side walls. These joining devices are preferably designed such that, for example, two surface units may be placed on top of one another and joined to one another so that it is possible to construct systems of any height. Moreover, the surface units may be joined to one another horizontally such that it is essentially possible to construct surfaces of any size and any shape. Finally, walls may be inserted on the margins such that overall large-volume hollow bodies are created. The wall elements may also be used for stabilisation in the vertical direction.
The joining devices are preferably formed in this case such that the surface units have margins free from protrusions. This ensures that said systems are constructed without gaps which improves the stability of the systems.
The spacers may be provided as separate elements. Preferably, however, the spacers are formed as hollow bodies and are moulded integrally with the surface units. This measure opens up a particularly cost-effective opportunity for manufacturing the drainage bodies in plastic using manufacturing processes known per se.
Preferably, a plurality of additional elements is provided with which the drainage bodies may be constructed into drainage systems. These include in particular cover elements that are provided for covering openings in the surface units. These, for example, are openings in the region of the supporting elements formed as hollow bodies. That is to say, if the spacers formed as hollow bodies have openings for allowing water that is intended to seep away to pass through, then the cover elements provided for them are also provided with openings such that the water that is intended to seep away can also penetrate through these covers into the surrounding soil.
It is then possible to construct individual, box-shaped drainage bodies and to assemble these bodies into larger units via the joining devices located on their margins. Increased stability, however, arises in particular when the base and top units are assembled in a bond in the manner of a masonry bond. For this the spacers and/or the plug fastening sections and the socket fastening sections are disposed in such a manner on the surface units that the base units and the top units may be laid so as to be overlapping one another. It is possible to lay the individual units under an angle of 90°. The advantages of such a manner of laying correspond to those which are known from the construction of masonry bonds. Such an arrangement arises in particular if the following rules are observed;
It emerges from the above that a drainage system is also claimed which includes a plurality of drainage bodies of the type described. This drainage system comprises base units which are combined with top units so as to overlap one another in the manner of a masonry bond.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will be explained subsequently in greater detail on the basis of drawings. The drawings show:
The same reference numerals are used in the following description for identical parts and parts acting in an identical manner.
The surface unit Illustrated in
Moreover, spacers 20, 20′ have congruent internal and external cross-sections such that they are insertable into one another.
Moreover, surface units 10 have margins 17 which are continuously moulded in such a manner that on placing surface units 10 next to one another they lie adjacently substantially without a gap.
in order to combine adjacently positioned surface units 10 with one another, retaining grooves 41 are provided in the marginal regions of the surface units into which joining studs 42 (see
So as to be able to attach side walls 15 (see
Covers 35 (see
The surface units illustrated in
In order to attach two surface units 10 to one another to form a drainage body, one surface unit 10 is turned relative to the other surface unit 10 such that the arrangement illustrated in
The surface unit illustrated in
Moreover, a series of breakaway sections 13 is provided in surface unit 10 according to
It should be pointed out at this point that the details described previously, such as, for example, joining devices 41 and 43, should also be present in the embodiment according to
It emerges from the above that using surface units 10 presented here and their spacers 20 it is possible to create any number of spaces and channels that are only terminated on their external contours by side walls 15 (see
In the following, a further embodiment of the invention is described in more detail on the basis of
The surface units, respectively, drainage bodies according to
The side walls have side wall supports 18, which in the assembled state (see
Furthermore, it can be seen from
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
10 2009 048 309.8 | Oct 2009 | DE | national |
10 2009 044 412.2 | Nov 2009 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/EP2010/064795 | 10/5/2010 | WO | 00 | 6/26/2012 |