Patent Application
20250136249
The present invention relates to an anchoring system, particularly for use in subsea applications. The anchoring system is suitable for use as a mooring termination point or anchor in the seabed. The invention further relates to a method of installing such an anchoring system.
A variety of anchoring systems are known in the art, such as driven piles, suction piles, and drag embedment. Such systems have however been found to suffer from several disadvantages. Commonly used anchoring systems are, typically, limited for use with specific seabed soil types, and/or have high associated cost and time implications.
For Floating Offshore Wind (FOW) projects, the geological conditions can vary greatly across a single site. As a result, conventional anchoring systems may not be suitable for use across the whole of the site. Furthermore, FOW projects require a large number of anchor foundations and as such there are high associated costs for using conventional anchoring systems.
It is among the objectives of embodiments of the present invention to obviate or alleviate these and other disadvantages of known anchor piling systems.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an anchor piling system comprising:
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an anchoring system kit comprising:
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of installing an anchor pile into a borehole drilled in the seabed for creating a mooring anchorage, the method comprising the steps of:
The present invention provides an anchoring system which can be inserted into and secured in place within a bore with locking media. The present invention therefore provides an efficient and reliable method of securing an anchoring system within a bore using locking media. The anchoring system is very reliable and is adaptable to support a wide range of loads, for example loads of at least 100 tonnes, up to in excess of 1000 tonnes.
The present invention provides an anchoring system which is capable of accepting vertical and lateral loads, for example of greater than 1000 tonnes, imposed by for example a mooring line.
As the anchoring system of the present invention is provided in-line with the bore hole, the system may be used for high angle loading, including for example angles of up to vertical loading.
The anchoring system of the present invention is maintained securely within the borehole, using low-cost consumables and also having reduced environmental impact compared to conventional anchoring mechanisms.
The anchoring system of the present invention, due to geometry or profile, is configured to rely upon friction derived from the introduction of locking media into the delined annular gap to provide sufficient resistance, and may also be secured by setting material.
The profile (for example the angle) of the bearing surface of the one or more portions is preferably optimised to transfer a maximum compressive load through the frictional resistance arising as a result of the received locking media to create hoop stresses in the surrounding substrate in the borehole wall when the anchor pile is subject to tensile loading.
The profile along the longitudinal axis of the elongate member may be geometrically varied such that there may be changes in the diameter or cross section of the elongate member between any two points on the longitudinal axis. Such changes in diameter or cross section along the longitudinal axis may thus form tapered or shaped sections such as regular or irregular radial sections or box sections such as for example square box sections, conduits such as for example radial conduits, corrugations, or any other geometrical surface shapes which may be required.
The upper end of the elongate member of the anchoring system of the present invention is preferably fully submerged within the borehole, i.e. located within the borehole beneath the seabed.
The anchoring system of the present invention is configured to provide a deeply embedded anchor pile. The anchoring system of the present invention may for example be used in offshore applications. The anchoring system of the present invention may for example be used in deepwater environments.
The anchoring system of the present invention is preferably located between 2 to 3 times deeper within the borehole than conventional anchoring systems which are all embedded within the upper soil. In contrast, the anchoring system of the present invention is configured to be embedded beneath the upper soil portion of the borehole. The embedment depth of the anchoring system is defined as being the depth of the lower end of the elongate member of the anchor pile within the borehole. The embedment depth of the anchoring system of the present invention can be required to engage with suitable load bearing soil layers. located for example 100 metres or more below the seabed. In comparison, the embedment depth of conventional pile anchoring systems, such as driven pile and suction pile anchors, is typically about 10 to 20 metres beneath the seabed and with the pile top typically positioned near to seabed level.
The one or more joints include coupling joints for connecting adjacent elongate member portions to provide the elongate member.
Preferably, the bearing surface of the elongate member comprises at least one tapered section. The angle of each tapered section may be selected and/or modified in accordance with the particular requirements for the anchoring system. for example in accordance with the site soil conditions and pile design requirements. For example, the optimised angle of each tapered section of the bearing surface extends preferably at an angle of at least 2 degrees to a plane extending normal or transverse to the longitudinal axis of the elongate member. Preferably, the optimised angle of each tapered section of the bearing surface is no more than 10 degrees to a plane extending normal or transverse to the longitudinal axis of the elongate member, Preferably, the optimised angle of each tapered section of the bearing surface is between 2 and 10 degrees to a plane extending normal or transverse to the longitudinal axis of the elongate member.
The tapered section(s) may be configured to extend radially outwardly from the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body. For example the tapered section(s) may be configured to extend radially outwardly from the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body in a direction extending towards the base of the bore hole such that the greatest diameter of the tapered section is at or adjacent the lower end of the tapered section.
In one embodiment, the anchoring system may comprise one or more, preferably a plurality of, outwardly extending body portions, extending away from the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body.
The outwardly extending body portion(s) may extend at any suitable angle away from the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body. For example, the outwardly extending body portion(s) may be radially outwardly extending body portions.
The outwardly extending body portions are preferably spaced apart from each other along the length of the system. It is to be understood that the elongate main body may contain any suitable number of outwardly extending body portions depending on the particular requirements for the installation. The plurality of outwardly extending body portions may be equidistantly spaced apart from each other.
Each outwardly extending body portions may have any suitable shape and/or dimension.
The plurality of outwardly extending body portions may have identical shapes and/or dimensions to one or more, preferably each, other body portion(s).
In one embodiment, the or each outwardly extending body portion comprises at least one box section, for example square box section, projecting radially outwardly from the elongate main body and/or at least one angled face sloping down outwardly from the elongate main body. The elongate main body may comprise outwardly extending body portion(s) having any geometrical shape, in which the outwardly extending body portion(s) provides at least one face which extends at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body.
The one or more outwardly extending body portions are preferably considered to be distinct from one or more joints provided between adjacent elongate main body portions (configured to connect elongate main body portions to provide the elongate main body). It is known for one or more joints in an elongate main body of an anchor pile to include a tapered upper surface. However, this tapered upper surface of the joint(s) is not considered to be a bearing surface capable of transferring compressive load through the locking media into the substrate of the borehole wall.
Preferably, the elongate main body, for example one or more, preferably each, outwardly extending body portion, comprises at least one conduit configured to provide a flow path to enable fluid flow across the surface of the elongate main body, for example across the surface of the outwardly extending body portion. The at least one conduit may extend at any suitable angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body.
The at least one conduit preferably defines a channel or groove between an upper section and a lower section of the elongate main body and/or of the outwardly extending body portion.
Preferably, the at least one conduit is arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body, such that the conduit extends along a portion of the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body along which the cross section of the elongate main body increases.
In one embodiment, the elongate main body comprises at least one outwardly extending body portion comprising:
In one embodiment, the elongate main body comprises at least one outwardly extending body portion comprising:
Preferably, the first conical portion provides the bearing surface(s).
Preferably, the taper angle of the first conical portion is smaller than the taper angle of the second conical portion.
The taper angles of the first and second conical portion may be any suitable angle depending on the particular requirements of the elongate main body of the anchoring system. In one embodiment, the taper angle of the first conical portion may be equal to the taper angle of the second conical portion.
The taper angle of the second conical portion may be selected to aid and/or improve the ease of introduction of the elongate main body into the borehole.
The taper angle of the first conical portion is selected to provide an annular space of sufficient height to ensure efficient anchorage of the anchoring system.
Each conical portion has a first free end and a second opposed end located at or adjacent the other conical portion or the tubular portion. The length of a conical portion is measured between the first free end and the second opposed end. It is to be understood that each conical portion may have any suitable length depending on the particular requirements of the elongate main body of the anchoring system.
Preferably. the first conical portion extends along a greater length of the elongate main body than the second conical portion.
The elongate main body preferably comprises at least one conduit extending along at least a portion of the first conical portion, at least a portion of the second conical portion, and along the tubular section (if present).
The elongate main body portion preferably comprises at least one conduit arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis (L) of the elongate main body. the conduit extending along: at least a portion of the first conical portion, at least a portion of the second conical portion, and the tubular section (if present).
Preferably, at least a portion of the elongate main body of the anchor pile comprises a cohesive high friction coating configured to increase friction between the elongate main body and locking media received within the annular gap provided between the borehole wall and the portion of the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body along which the cross section of the elongate main body increases.
Preferably, the cohesive high friction coating is provided on the bearing surface(s), for example on the tapered surface(s) and/or tapered section(s).
Preferably, the cohesive high friction coating is provided on the first conical portion, and optionally on the tubular portion. Preferably the second conical portion is free of a cohesive high friction coating.
The cohesive high friction coating may be any coating capable of increasing the friction between the bearing surface of the elongate main body and the locking media. Preferably, the cohesive high friction coating is provided as a layer, as a sheet or in granular form. The cohesive high friction coating may be applied to the bearing surface or otherwise connected to the bearing surface by any suitable means along a predetermined length of the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body. Preferably, the cohesive high friction coating is applied to the portion of the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body along which the cross section increases. The cohesive high friction coating may be applied along at least a portion of one or more outwardly extending body portions. Preferably, the cohesive high friction coating comprises bitumen or any other suitable material.
In one embodiment, at least a section of the or each elongate main body comprises fixing means operative to penetrate an adjacent portion of a borehole wall to establish a fixed mechanical connection between the elongate main body of the anchoring system and the adjacent soil strata of the borehole wall.
Preferably, the fixing means are operative to be driven outwardly or away from the elongate main body to penetrate an adjacent portion of a borehole wall.
The fixing means may for example comprise at least one extending element. The at least one extending element may have a pointed, for example cone pointed profile. The extending element(s) may for example comprise cone point bolts.
The or each outwardly extending body portions may comprise one or more, preferably a plurality of, fixing means. The fixing means may be spaced apart from each other along the length of the elongate main body. The fixing means may be spaced apart from each other along the length of the outwardly extending body portions. The elongate main body, for example the or each outwardly extending body portion, may comprise any suitable number of fixing means.
One or more of the plurality of fixing means are preferably configured to extend at different angles with respect to the longitudinal axis of the elongate main body. The fixation of the elongate main body may be improved by the use of a plurality of fixing means which extend at a plurality of different angles from the elongate main body.
The elongate main body of the anchor pile is preferably shaped as an essentially tubular hollow body comprising a plurality of ports arranged over at least a portion of its length. The ports are preferably configured for establishing a fluidic communication between an inner volume of the elongate main body and the annular gap defined between the elongate main body and the adjacent portion of the borehole. The port(s) may be provided by one or more outwardly extending body portions.
Preferably, the anchoring system further comprises a mooring line termination point for connection to a mooring line. In one embodiment, the mooring line termination point of a mooring line is integrally connected to the upper end of the elongate main body of the anchor pile. The mooring line termination point is preferably concentric and axially aligned with the longitudinal axis (L) of the connected elongate main body. The mooring line termination point may be radially offset from the anchor pile upper end to enable a path for pumped fluids to be established around or through the elongate main body.
In one embodiment, the anchoring system further comprises a guide tube configured for being releasably coupled by a distal end of the guide tube to or adjacent an upper end of the elongate main body.
In one embodiment, the anchoring system further comprises:
In one embodiment, the guide collar may comprise a first end configured to contact the borehole, and a second opposed end. The guide collar may further comprise a slot extending between the first and second ends thereof, in which the slot is in communication with the guide channel. The slot is preferably configured to enable a mooring line to pass therethrough.
Preferably, the slot extends essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the guide collar, for example essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the guide channel.
The guide collar may comprise a conical section, The guide collar may be composed of brittle or deformable material.
The guide channel may be substantially centrally located. The guide channel may be composed of brittle or deformable material.
Preferably, the method of installing an anchor pile into a borehole, for example a borehole drilled in the seabed for creating a mooring anchorage, further comprises running the anchor pile through the borehole until the anchor pile is entirely received within the borehole prior to insertion of locking media. In one embodiment, the anchor pile contacts the bottom of the bore hole.
Preferably, the method of installing the anchor pile is carried out in a “single pass” involving drilling a borehole, inserting the anchor pile, and subsequently locking the anchor in position on insertion of locking media into the annular gap defined between the bearing surface of the one or more portion(s) of the elongate main body of the anchor pile and the adjacent borehole wall.
In use, locking media is introduced into the annular gap defined between the bearing surface of the elongate main body and the adjacent borehole wall to the elongate main body in position at a predetermined depth within the borehole. Locking media is introduced into the annular gap such that a portion of the borehole height is filled with locking media and the bearing surface of the elongate main body, for example provided by one or more outwardly extending body portion(s), are covered to a sufficient extent, for example completely covered, to provide adequate locking.
The locking media may for example comprise one or more of: loose aggregate material, grout, cement, or any combination thereof.
Preferably, the method of installing the anchor pile further comprises:
Preferably, the method of installing the anchor pile further comprises:
The locking media may be provided in a fluid medium directly into the annular gap from an upper section of the borehole.
Preferably, the elongate main body of the anchor pile is shaped as an essentially tubular hollow body.
Locking media may be provided as fluid and/or slurry pumped from inside the borehole through the hollow tubular main body.
In one embodiment, the elongate main body comprises one or more. preferably a plurality of, ports arranged over at least a portion of its length. The or each port is preferably configured for establishing a fluidic communication between an inner volume of the elongate main body and the annular gap(s). Locking media may be provided into the annular gap in a fluid medium through the elongate main body, preferably through the upper end of the elongate main body (for example hollow tubular main body). The fluid may for example be pumped through the inner volume of the main body through the port(s) to provide the locking media in a fluid medium into the annular gap(s).
The anchoring system of the present invention provides, in one embodiment, unique fluid placement methodology in which the locking media is provided to fill the borehole, and the annular gap(s) preferentially, and preferably sequentially, from the lower end of the anchor pile upwards towards the upper end of the anchor pile. This is achieved by providing an elongate main body comprising a plurality of ports arranged over at least a portion of its length, in which the size of the ports (for example the maximum diameter of the ports) decrease with distance away from the lower end of the elongate main body. With this arrangement, the supplied locking media preferentially exits the elongate main body through the largest ports located towards the lower end of the elongate main body. As the locking media fills the annular gap at or adjacent the largest ports towards the lower end of the elongate main body, the increased pressure causes the locking media to exit through slightly smaller ports provided further along the elongate main body in a direction towards the upper end thereof. The present invention therefore provides an anchoring system which can be used to efficiently and reliably fill annular gaps formed between multiple bearing surfaces located along the length of the elongate main body and adjacent portions of the borehole. The present invention is therefore able to securely fix the anchor pile in position within the borehole.
Preferably, the method further comprises providing locking media into the borehole prior to driving the anchor pile into the borehole.
It is to be understood that the geological structure changes along the depth of the bore hole. In one embodiment, during installation and anchoring of the structure, the anchoring system is configured such that at least a portion of the mooring line is placed under sufficient tension to cut through the surrounding geological material.
The elongate main body is preferably installed at a predetermined embedment depth, in which the entire elongate main body is received within the borehole. The upper end of the elongate main body is located within the borehole at a predetermined distance beneath the seabed surface. Due to the elongate main body being entirely received within and locked within the borehole, the mooring line, as a result of being subjected to tensile loads, forms a catenary profile through the soil strata located between the seabed surface and above the upper end of the elongate main body. The mooring line transfers tensile loads into the adjacent soil formation by frictional engagement with and bearing against soil strata. As a result of the catenary profile of the mooring line, the anchoring system of the present invention will be subjected to significantly reduced axial loads
The axial reduction in loads on the elongate main body may be increased by increasing the effective diameter to increase the load bearing surface of the mooring line.
Preferably, the anchoring system further comprises a protective sheath configured to surround and protect at least a portion of the mooring line, for example at least the entire length of the mooring line configured to be inserted into the bore hole. The protective sheath is preferably configured to protect the mooring line from damage due to frictional forces and/or abrasion from surrounding geological material. The protective sheath may be, for example, composed of a steel wrap, thermoplastic or cross wound (braided) steel components or a combination of similar components
The protective sheath may increase the load bearing surface of the mooring line whilst also increasing the frictional resistance. Additionally, the protective sheath may incorporate load bearing components such as steel plates or similar to increase bearing load against the soil strata and further reduce axial loads at the anchor pile. Alternatively, such load bearing components may be directly attached to the mooring line.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides an anchoring system configured for progressive failure. The anchoring system is configured to not provide catastrophic failure. In particular, the elongate main body is entirely received and secured, by aggregate, within a borehole. During peak load, the aggregate materials (which act as a quasi-fluid) and the elongate main body may move or become dislodged axially along the borehole. Each time the peak load drops below a certain level, the locking media resets within the annular gap and locks the elongate main body in position within the borehole whilst continuing to exert a high frictional force on the bearing surface of the elongate main body.
These and other aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, only with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
With reference to the Figures, the anchoring system 1 comprises an anchor pile 2 configured to be embedded in a borehole 30 drilled in the seabed. The anchor pile 2 comprises an elongate main body 3 having a longitudinal axis and comprising an upper end 4 and a lower end 5.
The elongate main body 3 comprises two spaced apart outwardly extending members 6a, 6b. The two outwardly extending body members 6a, 6b can be seen to be approximately equidistantly spaced along the length of the elongate main body 3. It is however to be understood that the members 6a, 6b may be provided at any suitable locations on the elongate main body 3.
It can be seen that the cross section of the elongate main body 3 increases at each of these two outwardly extending body members 6a, 6b in a direction extending along the longitudinal axis from the upper end 4 to the lower end 5 thereof.
Although the illustrated embodiment has two spaced apart outwardly extending body portions 6a, 6b, it is to be understood that the anchoring system 1 may comprise any suitable number of outwardly extending body portions 6a, 6b. For example, the system 1 may comprise a single outwardly extending body member, or more than two outwardly extending body members, for example three or four or five, depending on the particular requirements for the anchoring system, such as for example the depth of the borehole 30.
Each of the two spaced apart outwardly extending body members 6a, 6b provides a bearing surface 7a, 7b such that in use an annular gap 32 for receiving locking media is defined between the bearing surfaces 7a, 7b and the adjacent portions of the borehole 30.
Each outwardly extending body member 6a, 6b comprises a first conical portion 8a, 8b, a tubular portion 9a, 9b, and a second conical portion 10a, 10b coaxial with the longitudinal axis (L) of the elongate main body 3.
Along the first conical portion 8a, 8b of each body member 6a, 6b the cross section of the elongate main body 3 increases in the direction from the upper end 4 to the lower end 5;
Along the second conical portion 10a, 10b of each body portion 6a, 6b the cross section of the elongate main body 3 decreases in the direction from the upper end 4 to the lower end 5.
The tubular portion 9a, 9b is located between the first conical portion Ba, 8b and the second conical portion 10a, 10b.
The first and second conical portions 8a, 8b, 10a, 10b define tapered sections provided the bearing surface 7a, 7b. It is however to be understood that the projecting members 6a, 6b may have any suitable shape or configuration to provide a bearing surface 7a, 7b suitable of supporting, abutting and retaining locking media.
Each of the first conical portion and second conical portion 8a, 8b, 10a, 10b provides a tapered section which extends at an angle to (i.e. defining the taper angle) the longitudinal axis (L) of the elongate main body 3.
In the illustrated embodiment, the first conical portion 8a, 8b is smaller than the taper angle of the second conical portion 10a, 10b. It is however to be understood that the taper angles of the first and second conical portions 8a, 8b, 10a, 10b may have any suitable angle depending on the particular requirements of the anchoring system 1.
Each conical portion 8a, 8b, 10a, 10b has a first free end and a second opposed end located at or adjacent the tubular portion 9a, 9b. The length of each conical portion 8a, 8b, 10a, 10b is measured between the first free end and the second opposed end thereof. It can be seen from
In the illustrated embodiment, the cross-sectional dimensions of the second opposed ends of each conical portion 8a, 8b, 10a, 10b are substantially the same as the cross-sectional dimension of the tubular portion 9a, 9b. This helps to ensure that the anchoring system 1 can be inserted smoothly into the bore hole.
Each outwardly extending member 6a. 6b further comprises a plurality of spaced apart conduits 11a, 11b provided on outer surfaces thereof. The conduits 11a, 11b extend in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction L of the elongate main body 3. The conduits 11a, 11b extend along at least a portion of the first conical portion 8a, 8b. the tubular section 9a, 9b, and at least a portion of the second conical portion 10a, 10b.
In the illustrated embodiment, the conduits 11a, 11b are provided as channels. The channels 11a of the first projection member 6a are aligned with the channels 11b of the second projection member 6b. It is however to be understood that the channels may be located at any suitable position and can for example be offset from channels provided on other, for example adjacent, projecting members.
A cohesive high friction coating, such as for example bitumen, is provided on the tapered bearing surfaces 7a, 7b of the projecting members 6a, 6b. The cohesive high friction coating is configured to increase friction between the elongate main body 3 and locking media received within the annular gap.
With reference to
The fixing means 12 are operative to be driven outwardly or away from the elongate main body 3 to penetrate an adjacent portion of a borehole wall 30.
In the illustrated embodiment, the fixing means 12 are cone point bolts. It is however to be understood that the fixing means 12 may be any suitable fixing means 12 capable of being driven outwardly to penetrate a borehole wall 30.
The elongate main body 3. for example the or each outwardly extending body member 6a, 6b, may comprise one or more, preferably a plurality of, fixing means 12. The fixing means 12 may be spaced apart from each other along the length of the elongate main body 3, for example along the length of the outwardly extending body member 6a, 6b (or tubular section 9a, 9b).
One or more of the plurality of fixing means 12 is configured to extend at different angles with respect to the longitudinal axis of the corresponding elongate main body 3. The fixation of the elongate means has been found to be improved by the use of fixing means 12 which extend at a plurality of different angles from the elongate main body 3.
In use, as shown in
During installation, a guide collar 20 providing a guide channel 21 extending therethrough is placed in position at the opening of the borehole 30. The guide channel 21 is aligned within the borehole 30. The anchor pile 2 is aligned with and inserted through the guide channel 21 of the guide collar 20 into the opening of the borehole 30. The anchor pile 2 is then driven into the borehole 30. The guide collar 20 is then removed from the anchor pile 2.
The locking media may be provided in a fluid medium directly into the annular gap 32 from an upper section of the borehole 30. Alternatively, or in addition, the locking media may be provided in a fluid medium into the annular gap 32 from a lower portion of the elongate main body 3. The elongate main body 3 of the anchor pile 2 is shaped as an essentially tubular hollow body, as shown in
As shown in
It can be seen from
Once securely fixed, the mooring line 40 attached to an upper end 4 of the anchor pile 2 is placed under sufficient tension and may progressively cut through the surrounding soil structure, as shown in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2112355.9 | Aug 2021 | GB | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2022/051859 | 7/19/2022 | WO |
