This invention relates to drilling systems and in particular to such systems for use in drilling lateral boreholes from a main borehole.
In the extraction of hydrocarbons such as oil and gas from underground formations, it is common practice to drill a borehole from the surface to the hydrocarbon bearing formation. Such formations often have significant horizontal extent but are of limited vertical extent. Thus, to optimise the amount of hydrocarbon extracted, it is desirable to optimise the path of the borehole through the formation. In recent years, the drilling of non-vertical boreholes (often called ‘deviated’ or ‘horizontal’ boreholes) in hydrocarbon formations has been undertaken for this reason. However, in certain cases, only a ‘vertical’ borehole is available. For example, an old borehole drilled before deviated drilling procedures were developed might pass through a hydrocarbon formation for only a short path. In other cases, the original well may have bypassed formations containing hydrocarbons. One way to improve hydrocarbon recovery in such cases is to drill further, ‘lateral’ boreholes from the main borehole into the formation(s) of interest.
Using traditional drilling methods, the technique for drilling lateral borehole comprises setting a whipstock in the well at the desired location and using the whipstock to cause a drill bit on a drill string to drill into the sidewall of the borehole to create the lateral borehole. Once the lateral is drilled, the drill string is withdrawn from the borehole and the whipstock must be recovered. If it is desired to drill several laterals, the whipstock must be repositioned and withdrawn each time. Thus the process is slow and expensing, as it requires the presence of a drilling rig or a coiled tubing drilling unit to perform these operations.
WO2004072437 A discloses an electric drilling machine that can be run on wireline cable. The drilling machine carries a kick plate which it orients prior to drilling to force the drill bit in the desired direction to drill the lateral. The mechanism for connecting the kick plate to the drilling machine and for orienting it to drill in the desired direction is relatively complex.
This invention provides a simpler approach by supporting a guide on the drill string and orienting the guide by rotating the drill string with the drilling machine.
One aspect of the invention comprises a drilling system, comprising:
The drill string typically carries a drill bit at the end remote from the drilling machine.
The drill string can also be rotatable by the drilling machine. In this case, the drill string can be used to transmit rotation to the guide so as to adjust the predetermined radial direction. Alternatively, the guide can include an integrated rotating device that allows adjustment of the predetermined radial direction.
The guide can be coaxial with the drilling machine or offset. In one embodiment, the guide defines a guide path that is substantially central to the guide at a point nearest the drilling machine and exits from a side part of the guide further away from the drilling machine, the drill string being slideably engaged in the guide path. In another embodiment, the guide path is offset from the centre of the guide at the point nearest the drilling machine. The guide can also include a seat into which the drill bit or a contact ring on the drill string near the drill bit can locate. It is preferred that the seat and the drill bit or contact ring include inter-engaging formations to prevent relative rotation of the guide and drill string when the bit or contact ring are engaged in the seat.
The guide preferably comprises anchors that are operable to secure the guide in place in a borehole. In one embodiment, the anchors are arranged around the guide so as to secure it in an approximately central position in the main borehole. In another embodiment, the anchors are positioned to one side of the guide so as to force it against the wall of the main borehole and secure it in place.
The drilling machine preferably includes anchors operable to engage the borehole and provide a reaction to axial and rotation forces. Such anchors may typically form part of a drilling tractor for moving the drill string in an axial direction. The anchors can be in the form of a piston extending radially from the drilling machine. Such form of anchor can also be used for the guide.
In one embodiment, a telescopic link extends between the drilling machine and the guide.
A control line may also be provided that extends between the drilling machine and the guide.
The drilling system according to the invention is preferably supported by a flexible conveyance means such as a wireline cable or coiled tubing.
The guide can also house one or more sensors for location in the lateral borehole. In one preferred embodiment, one or more strings of sensors a held in the guide.
A second aspect of the invention comprises a method of drilling a lateral borehole from a main borehole, comprising:
Prior to anchoring the guide, the drill string is preferably rotated with the drilling machine to orient the guide so as to deflect the drill string in the predetermined direction. Alternatively, an integrated rotating device (part of the guide) could also be used to orient the guide
It is particularly preferred that, after drilling the lateral borehole, the anchor of the guide is released, the drilling system is moved to a new position in the main borehole and the steps of anchoring, operating and deflecting are repeated to drill a further lateral borehole.
The guide can be supported on the drill string or on a separate support during the step of positioning or moving the drilling system in the main well.
When the guide is carrying sensors for installation in the lateral borehole, the method can further comprise, following drilling of the lateral borehole, withdrawing the drill bit into the guide, positioning the sensors in the guide below the drill bit and advancing the drill string so as to install the sensors in the lateral borehole by means of the drill bit.
The invention therefore provides a particularly convenient system that can be used to drill multiple lateral boreholes from a main borehole. It also provides a solution suitable for sensor installation and coring.
The invention will now be described in relation to the accompanying drawings, in which:
a and 1b show a first embodiment of a drilling system according to the invention;
a and 2b show a second embodiment of a drilling system according to the invention;
a-f show various positions of the embodiment of
a-e show a further embodiment of the invention; and
a and 11b show a further embodiment of the invention used for coring applications.
A first embodiment of the invention is shown in
The drilling machine 10 comprises a drilling tractor 16 and a drilling motor 18. The drilling tractor 16 is preferably of the type described in WO 2004072437 A and includes pairs of anchors 20, 22 and a drive section 24. By sequentially deploying the anchors 20, 22 and operating the drive section 24 to extend and contract, the drilling tractor 16 can be caused to move along the main borehole 12 and apply an axial driving force to any equipment connected thereto.
The drilling motor 18 is connected to the lower end of drilling tractor 16 and provides a rotary drive relative to the tractor 16. Appropriate sensors are included to establish the rotary position of the motor output in the borehole allowing operation of the motor 18 to achieve any predetermined orientation. Such sensors and the orientation of motors are known in the field of borehole tools.
A flexible drill string 26 is connected at one end to the drilling motor 18 and has a drill bit 28 located at the other end. The function of the drill string 26 is to transmit both axial (weight on bit) and rotary (torque on bit) forces from the drilling machine 10 to the drill bit 28.
The drill string 26 is preferably tubular to allow at flow of drilling fluid to be directed through the drill bit 28 for hole cleaning purposes (either in standard or reversed circulation). Such flow can be provided by a downhole pump and drilled cuttings can be collected in a cuttings basket (not shown) or disposed in the main borehole. The drill string 26 can be a simple pipe or have a more complex construction such as a coaxial string (rotating shaft inside a sliding pipe) and can be made out of a metal alloy such as steel, aluminium, titanium alloy, etc. or a composite material. Another form of drill string applicable is described in GB 2403236 A.
A guide 30 is provided below the drilling machine 10. The drill string extends from the drilling motor 18 and passes through the guide 30 along a deviated guide path 32. The guide is substantially axially aligned with the drilling machine 10 and the drill string 26 enters the guide path 32 close to the centre of the guide. The deviation in the guide path 32 means that it exits laterally, pointing towards the main borehole wall 34. The path 32 is dimensioned to allow the drill string to slide relative to the guide 30. The end of the path 32 is of enlarged diameter (described in more detail below) so as to form a seat into which the drill bit 28 can engage so as to sit within the outer diameter of the guide. At least part of the remainder of the guide path is smaller than the bit diameter so as to prevent the drill bit from being completely withdrawn from the guide.
The guide path is preferably deviated such that the exit is directed perpendicularly to the axis of the main borehole. Thus, sliding movement of the drill string 26 can be altered by 90° due to the guide path without the need for a bent drilling motor.
The guide is connected to the drilling machine 10 by means of a telescopic support 36. Consequently, the drilling machine 10 can support the weight of the guide 30 but cannot push it forward.
A series of anchor arms 38 are mounted on the guide 30. These arms can be moved between a first position in which they lie close to the guide 30 (see
a and 2b show corresponding views of a second embodiment of a system according to the invention. The same reference numerals are used as in
A control line 44 extends between the drilling machine 10 and the guide 30 to provide power and control signals for anchoring and releasing the guide 30 in the main borehole 12. This can be an electric and/or hydraulic line and can also be applied in the embodiment of
The guide path 32 in
Various modifications can be made to the guide 30 within the scope of this invention.
Operation of the embodiment of
The drilling system is run into the main borehole 12 on a wireline cable with the guide anchors 38 in their closed position and the guide 30 carried on the drill string 26 (
Various modifications can be made to the system while remaining within the scope of the invention. The guide can also act as a store for equipment to be positioned in the lateral borehole. For example. sensors or well completion equipment can be stored in the guide and picked up by the drill string and inserted into the lateral borehole by the drill string.
a-e show an embodiment in which the guide has sensors for deployment in the lateral. In the embodiment of
a-b show an embodiment in which the drill string is equipped with a coring bit 54. The drilling machine 10 and guide 30 are lowered into the well, the anchors 38 are deployed and the lateral hole 46 is drilled so that the formation rock is stored inside the drill pipe 26. Once the core 56 has been taken, the drill string 26 is withdrawn and the drilling machine 10, drill string 26, and guide 30 are pulled back to surface.
Further modifications can be made while staying within the scope of the invention.
A drilling system, comprising: a drilling machine; a drill string connected at one end to the drilling machine so as to be driveable in an axial direction; and a guide connected to the drilling machine such that when the drill string is driven axially by the drilling machine, it interacts with the guide so as to be directed in a predetermined radial direction; wherein the drill string is permanently engaged so as to be slideable in the guide. A method of drilling a lateral borehole from a main borehole, comprises: positioning a drilling system as claimed in any preceding claim in the main borehole; anchoring the guide in the borehole adjacent the location at which the lateral borehole is to be drilled; operating the drilling machine to drive the drill string in an axial direction; and deflecting the drill string, by means of the guide, in a radial direction into the wall of the main borehole to drill the lateral borehole.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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05291952 | Sep 2005 | EP | regional |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/EP2006/008420 | 8/28/2006 | WO | 00 | 9/2/2008 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2007/039025 | 4/12/2007 | WO | A |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20080314643 A1 | Dec 2008 | US |