Patent Grant
7360594
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for forming a wellbore by drilling with casing. More specifically, the invention relates to a retrievable latch for connecting a bottom hole assembly to casing.
2. Description of the Related Art
In well completion operations, a wellbore is formed to access hydrocarbon-bearing formations by the use of drilling. Drilling is accomplished by utilizing a drill bit that is mounted on the end of a drill support member, commonly known as a drill string. To drill within the wellbore to a predetermined depth, the drill string is often rotated by a top drive or rotary table on a surface platform or rig, or by a downhole motor mounted towards the lower end of the drill string. After drilling to a predetermined depth, the drill string and drill bit are removed and a section of casing is lowered into the wellbore. An annular area is thus formed between the string of casing and the formation. The casing string is temporarily hung from the surface of the well. A cementing operation is then conducted in order to fill the annular area with cement. The casing string is cemented into the wellbore by circulating cement into the annular area defined between the outer wall of the casing and the borehole using apparatuses known in the art. The combination of cement and casing strengthens the wellbore and facilitates the isolation of certain areas of the formation behind the casing for the production of hydrocarbons.
It is common to employ more than one string of casing in a wellbore. In this respect, the well is drilled to a first designated depth with a drill bit on a drill string. The drill string is removed. A first string of casing or conductor pipe is then run into the wellbore and set in the drilled out portion of the wellbore, and cement is circulated into the annulus behind the casing string. Next, the well is drilled to a second designated depth, and a second string of casing, or liner, is run into the drilled out portion of the wellbore. The second string is set at a depth such that the upper portion of the second string of casing overlaps the lower portion of the first string of casing. The second liner string may then be fixed, or “hung” off of the existing casing by the use of slips which utilize slip members and cones to frictionally affix the new string of liner in the wellbore. The second casing string is then cemented. This process is typically repeated with additional casing strings until the well has been drilled to total depth. In this manner, wells are typically formed with two or more strings of casing of an ever-decreasing diameter.
As more casing strings are set in the wellbore, the casing strings become progressively smaller in diameter to fit within the previous casing string. In a drilling operation, the drill bit for drilling to the next predetermined depth must thus become progressively smaller as the diameter of each casing string decreases. Therefore, multiple drill bits of different sizes are ordinarily necessary for drilling in well completion operations.
Well completion operations are typically accomplished using one of two methods. The first method involves first running the drill string with the drill bit attached thereto into the wellbore to drill a hole in which to set the casing string. The drill string must then be removed. Next, the casing string is run into the wellbore on a working string and set within the hole. These two steps are repeated as desired with progressively smaller drill bits and casing strings until the desired depth is reached. For this method, two run-ins into the wellbore are required per casing string that is set into the wellbore.
The second method of performing well completion operations involves drilling with casing. In this method, the casing string is run into the wellbore along with a drill bit, which may be part of a bottom hole assembly (BHA). The BHA is operated by rotation of the casing string from the surface of the wellbore or a motor as part of the BHA. After the casing is drilled and set into the wellbore, the first BHA is retrieved from the wellbore. A smaller casing string with a second BHA attached thereto is run into the wellbore, through the first casing. The second BHA is smaller than the first BHA so that it fits within the second, smaller casing string. The second, smaller BHA then drills a hole for the placement of the second casing. Afterwards, the second BHA is retrieved, and subsequent assemblies comprising casing strings with BHAs attached thereto are operated until the well is completed to a desired depth.
One problem noticed in drilling with casing operations is attaching and retrieving the drill bit from the wellbore. In conventional methods, the drill bit is fixably attached to the end of the casing and must be drilled-out using a subsequent casing and drill bit assembly. In other conventional methods, the drill bit is attached to the casing using a retrievable latch. However, a problem that arises using a latch assembly is that foreign matter or debris can prevent or impede either the activation or retrieval of the latch. For example, foreign matter may become lodged or wedged behind expanded components that must be retracted for the latch to disengage from the surrounding casing. In these instances, in order to resume drilling operations, the BHA must be retrieved from the hole, replaced, and run back in, consuming valuable time and generating cost.
Another problem noticed with existing retrievable latches is their complexity. The complexity of these latches may result in low reliability and high cost. Further, these complex designs may require multiple steps to disengage the latch from the casing.
Therefore, a need exists for a latch that attaches a BHA to a casing string, which can be reliably activated and retrieved from the wellbore. There is also a need for a latch that prevents foreign matter and debris from impeding or preventing its intended operations. Further, there is a need for a relatively simple latch that may easily be disengaged from the casing.
A latch assembly, and methods of using the latch assembly, for use with a bottom hole assembly (BHA) and a tubular, are provided.
In one embodiment, the latch assembly is disposable within the tubular, configured to be rotationally and axially coupled to the tubular.
In one aspect of the embodiment, latch assembly is configured to be released from the tubular by applying a tensile force to the latch assembly. The latch the latch assembly may comprise: one or more sleds disposed within one or more respective slots formed along at least a portion of a locking, mandrel; and one or more retractable axial drag blocks configured to engage a matching axial profile disposed in the tubular, wherein each axial drag block is coupled to the respective sled with one or more biasing members; and the locking mandrel actuatable between a first position and a second position and preventing retraction of the axial drag blocks when actuated to the second position. The latch assembly may also comprise a drag block body having a bore therethorugh; and one or more retractable torsional drag blocks configured to engage a matching torsional profile disposed in the tubular, wherein each torsional drag block is coupled to the drag block body with a biasing member. The drag block body may have one or more ports disposed through a wall thereof. The locking mandrel may close these ports when actuated to the second position. The latch assembly may further comprise one or more cup rings sealingly engageable with the tubular; and one or more packer rings, wherein each cup ring is configured to expand each packer ring into sealing engagement with the tubular when an actuation pressure is exerted on each cup ring. The latch assembly may further comprise two releasable latch mechanisms, each securing the latch assembly in the first or second positions. The latch assembly may further comprise a setting tool releasably coupled to the mandrel, wherein the setting tool is configured to transfer a first force to the latch assembly applied to the setting tool by either a run in device or fluid pressure and to release the mandrel upon application of a second force to the setting tool by the run in device or fluid pressure
In another aspect of the embodiment, the latch assembly may comprise: a packing element sealingly engageable with the tubular, disposed along and coupled to a packer mandrel, and coupled to a packer compression member; and the packer compression member releasably coupled to the packer mandrel with a ratchet assembly, wherein the packing element will be held in sealing engagement with the tubular when actuated by a setting force and released from sealing engagement with the tubular when the packer compression member is released from the packer mandrel by a releasing force.
In yet another aspect of the embodiment, the latch assembly may comprise a body having a bore formed therethrough and disposable within the surrounding tubular. The latch assembly may further comprise a pressure balance bypass assembly disposed about the body. The pressure balance bypass assembly comprises a first set of one or more ports formed through the body and a second set of one or more ports formed through the body. The latch assembly may further comprise a cup assembly disposed about the body, and a slip assembly disposed about the body.
In another embodiment, n annular sealing assembly for sealing an annulus between a downhole tool and a tubular is provided, comprising: one or more cup rings sealingly engageable with the tubular; and one or more packer rings, wherein each cup ring is configured to expand each packer ring into sealing engagement with the tubular when an actuation pressure is exerted on each cup ring.
In yet another embodiment, a method of installing a latch assembly in a tubular is provided, comprising: running a latch assembly into the tubular using a run in device; setting the latch assembly, thereby axially and rotationally coupling the latch assembly to the tubular; and exerting a tensile force on the latch assembly, thereby releasing the latch assembly from the tubular.
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
A latch assembly for securing a bottom hole assembly (BHA) to a section of tubular to be run into a wellbore is provided. The tubulars 415, 780 may include casing or any other tubular members such as piping, tubing, drill string, and production tubing, for example. The BHA may be any tool used to drill, repair, or maintain the well bore. Exemplary BHA's include drill bits, measurement while drilling (MWD), logging while drilling (LWD), and wellbore steering mechanisms, for example. In the Figures, many of the parts are sealingly coupled with O-rings and/or coupled with set screws. Since this is well known to those skilled in the art, the o-rings and set screws may not be separately labeled or discussed. Further, for the sake of convenience, various pins, screws, etc. have not been cross-hatched in various section views even though they are cut in those sections. For ease and clarity of description, the latch assemblies 101, 501, 600 and setting tool 800 will be further described in more detail below as if disposed within the respective tubulars 415, 780 in a vertical position as oriented in the Figures. It is to be understood, however, that the latch assemblies 101, 501, 600 and setting tool 800 may be disposed in any orientation, whether vertical or horizontal. Therefore, reference to directions, i.e., upward or downward, is relative to the exemplary vertical orientation.
The retrieval assembly 130A includes a retrieval profile 130 disposed about the bypass mandrel 201. The retrieval profile 130 may be connected to a spear (not shown) to run the latch assembly 101 into a surrounding tubular using a wireline, coiled tubing, drill pipe, or any other run in device well known in the art. The rupture disk 110 is disposed within the bypass mandrel 201 and adjacent to the retrieval profile 130 to prevent fluid flow through the latch assembly 101 until a force sufficient to break the rupture disk 110 is applied. If the run-in device is one capable of applying a downward force on the latch assembly 101, then the rupture disk 110 is not required and may be omitted.
The cup assembly 250A forms a seal when expanded thereby isolating an annulus formed between the latch assembly 101 and the surrounding tubular 415. One or more cup assemblies 250A may be used. For simplicity and ease of description, the cup assembly 250A will be described below in more detail as shown in
The cup ring 251 is an annular member open at a first end thereof and is sealed at a second end by an o-ring. Disposed within the second end of the cup ring 251, is an o-ring retainer 252. Preferably, the o-ring retainer 252 is formed from brass or aluminum and is molded within the cup ring 251. The first end of the cup ring 251 has an increasing inner diameter flaring outward from a housing 210. The first end of the cup ring 251 creates a space or a void between an inner surface thereof and the housing 210. The housing 210 extends into the void and abuts the cup ring 251 to aid in retaining the cup ring in place. The resulting void allows fluid pressure to enter the cup ring 251 and exert an outward radial force against the first end thereof, pushing the cup ring 251 against the surrounding tubular 415. The fluid pressure will also exert a downward force on the cup ring 251. The cup ring 251 may have only limited sealing ability. When the fluid pressure reaches a point near the sealing limit of the cup ring 251, the downward force will be sufficient to expand the packer ring 255 outward from the cup mandrel providing a much greater sealing ability.
The packer ring 255 is also an annular member and is disposed between the cup ring 251 and the gage ring 260. The packer ring 255 expands outward from the cup mandrel 265 when compressed axially between the cup ring 251 and the gage ring 260 by sufficient fluid pressure acting on the cup ring 251. The cup ring 251, itself, may be sufficient to seal the annulus created between the latch assembly 101 and the surrounding tubular 415, especially if the run in device is one capable of applying a downward force on the latch assembly 101. Therefore, the packer ring 255 may be omitted.
The cup ring 251 and the packer ring 255 may have any number of configurations to effectively seal the annulus created between the latch assembly 101 and the surrounding tubular 415. For example, the rings 251, 255 may include grooves, ridges, indentations, or extrusions designed to allow the ring 251, 255 to conform to variations in the shape of the interior of the tubular 415 there-around. The rings 251, 255 can be constructed of any expandable or otherwise malleable material which creates a permanent set position and stabilizes the latch assembly 101 relative to the tubular 415. For example, the rings 251, 255 may be a metal, a plastic, an elastomer, or any combination thereof.
The gage ring 260 is also an annular member and is disposed against a shoulder 265A formed within the outer surface of the cup mandrel 265. The gage ring 260 is made from a non-elastic material and is threadably attached to the cup mandrel 265. The gage ring 260 acts as an axial stop for the cup ring 251 and the packer ring 260, allowing the cup ring 251 and the packer ring 255 to expand radially to form a fluid seal with the surrounding tubular 415 as described above.
The cup assembly 250A further includes the housing 210 disposed adjacent the first set of bypass ports 205 formed within the bypass mandrel 201. The housing 210 is threadably engaged with the cup mandrel 265, allowing the housing 210 to transfer axial forces to and from the cup mandrel 265. The housing 210 also acts to open and close fluid access to the first set of bypass ports 205 by shifting axially across the bypass mandrel 201.
One or more first equalization ports 220 are formed through the bypass mandrel 201, between the housing 210 and the cup mandrel 265. The one or more first equalization ports 220 displace fluid from a first plenum 215 to the annulus surrounding the latch assembly 101, as the housing 210 shifts axially towards shoulder 225 (from
Still referring to the first portion of the latch assembly 101, a bypass sleeve 271 is disposed about the bypass mandrel 201 adjacent the cup mandrel 265. The sleeve 271 and the cup mandrel 265 are threadably connected to transfer axial forces there-between. The bypass sleeve 271 forms a cavity 272 between an inner diameter thereof and an outer diameter of the bypass mandrel 201. A spring 270 is disposed within the cavity 272 and is housed therein by the cup mandrel 265 and a spring stop 275. The bypass sleeve 271 is also disposed adjacent to the second set of bypass ports 301 formed in the bypass mandrel 201, has a slot therethrough, and moves axially across the bypass mandrel 201 to open and close fluid access to the second set of bypass ports 301.
The block case 310 is disposed adjacent to the second set of bypass ports 301 and is threadably attached to the bypass sleeve 271. The block case 310 contacts a first portion of a slip retainer sleeve 340 and a setting sleeve 350. The sleeve 340 is at least partially disposed about a lower end of the one or more slips 330, preventing the slips 330 from separating or disengaging from the slip mandrel 355 during run-in of the latch assembly 101.
The block case 310 is in axial communication with the slip mandrel 355 by a spring 320. The spring 320 is housed in part by the block case 310 and an inner diameter of the setting sleeve 350. At least one first block 316 is attached to the block case 310 and at least one second block 317 is attached to the slip mandrel 355 by set pins 315. Each of the sleeves 340, 350 have at least one slot therethrough through which the blocks 316, 317 extend. The blocks 316 and 317 and the slots allow the sleeves 340 and 350 to shift axially while preventing radial movement relative to the tubular. The setting sleeve 350 transfers axial forces to the one or more slips 330 causing the slips 330 to move radially outward across the tooth-like perforations on the slip mandrel 355 toward the surrounding tubular 415 thereby frictionally or grippingly engaging the surrounding tubular 415.
The ratchet assembly is disposed about the slip mandrel 355 adjacent the third block 376 to prevent the components described above from prematurely releasing once the components are actuated. The ratchet assembly includes a ring housing 380 disposed about a lock ring 382. The lock ring 382 is a cylindrical member annularly disposed between the slip mandrel 355 and the ring housing 380 and includes an inner surface having profiles disposed thereon to mate with profiles formed on the outer surface of the slip mandrel 355. The profiles formed on the lock ring 382 have a tapered leading edge allowing the lock ring 382 to move across the mating profiles formed on the slip mandrel 355 in one axial direction (toward the bottom of the page) while preventing movement in the other direction. The profiles formed on both the outer surface of the slip mandrel 355 and an inner surface of the lock ring 382 consist of geometry having one side which is sloped and one side which is perpendicular to the outer surface of the slip mandrel 355. The sloped surfaces of the mating profiles allow the lock ring 382 to move across the slip mandrel 355 in a single axial direction. The perpendicular sides of the mating profiles prevent movement in the opposite axial direction. Therefore, the split ring may move or “ratchet” in one axial direction, but not the opposite axial direction.
The ring housing 380 comprises a jagged inner surface to engage a mating jagged outer surface of the lock ring 382. The relationship between the jagged surfaces creates a gap there-between allowing the lock ring 382 to expand radially as the profiles formed thereon move across the mating profiles formed on the slip mandrel 355. A longitudinal cut within the lock ring 382 allows the lock ring 382 to expand radially and contract as it movably slides or ratchets in relation to the outer surface of the slip mandrel 355. The ring housing 380 is attached to the slip retainer sleeve 340 using a shear pin 385. The shear pin 385 can be broken by an upward force thereby allowing the slip retainer sleeve 340 to shift upwards.
The key assembly 400A includes one or more drag blocks 401 disposed about the slip mandrel 355. The one or more drag blocks 401 have angled shoulders formed therein and include two or more springs 405, which allow the drag blocks 401 to compress inward when inserted into the casing and to extend outward when the one or more drag blocks 401 abut a matching profile formed on an inner diameter of the tubular 415. A BHA (not shown) can be threadably attached to the slip mandrel 355 using the threaded connection 420 or any other means known in the art.
The operation of the latch assembly will be described in more detail below with reference to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Still referring to
Once the slips 330 are set, the fluid pressure may be further increased to break the rupture disk 110. Once the rupture disk 110 is broken, the fluid entering from above the latch assembly 101 enters the bypass mandrel 201 and continues through the slip mandrel 355 until reaching the BHA (not shown).
The setting force may optionally be provided by the run in device. In this scenario, the setting force would be exerted directly on the bypass mandrel 201 and transmitted to the cup mandrel 265 via abutment of the shoulder protruding horizontally from the bypass mandrel 201 below the first set of bypass ports 205 and the cup mandrel. Further, since the rupture disk 110 is not required, the fluid pressure may not have to ever be high enough to break it or to set the slips 330. Thus, the packer ring 255 may not set.
Instead of being disposed along the cup mandrel 265, the cup assembly 250A is disposed along the housing 210. The cup mandrel 265 has been omitted in this embodiment. A slotted cup protector 204 is threadably connected to the housing 210. Instead of the housing 210 extending into the first end void of the cup ring 251 and abutting the cup ring, the cup protector 204 extends into the first end void of the cup ring 251 and abuts the cup ring. The slots through the cup protector 204 provide fluid communication between the first end void of the cup ring 251 and an annular space formed between the bypass mandrel 201 and the cup protector 204. This prevents foreign matter or debris from collecting in the first end void of the cup ring 251.
The latch assembly 501 may include one or more equilibration ports 231 formed axially through the housing 210, as shown in
Since the cup mandrel 265 has been omitted, the bypass sleeve 271 is threadably attached to the housing 210. The bypass sleeve 271 also now abuts the first spring 270. The block case 310 is threadably connected to the bypass sleeve 271 on an inner side thereof, rather than the outside thereof. The block case 310 is now disposed adjacent to the second set of bypass ports 301 formed in the bypass mandrel 201, and moves axially across the bypass mandrel 201, in conjunction with the slot formed through the bypass sleeve 271, to open and close fluid access to the second set of bypass ports 301.
During downhole operations, foreign matter or debris may accumulate behind the extended slips 330 and prevent the slips 330 from retracting during retrieval of the latch assembly 101. To alleviate this problem, the latch assembly 501 may include one or more recessed grooves or pockets 360 formed in an outer surface of the slip mandrel 355 which operates in conjunction with an angled slot 314, as shown in
To accommodate this feature, some of the structure and function of the bypass mandrel 201, block case 310, slip retainer sleeve 340, and setting sleeve 350 have been modified. The block case 310 is now connected to the setting sleeve 350 with a rotational connection, such as a notch and groove connection. The block case 310 and setting sleeve 350 are also connected with at least one shear pin 305 to provide axial restraint there-between. The sleeves 340, 350 are coupled to one another with a restraining ring 307 that is configured to restrain relative axial motion between the sleeves. The bypass mandrel 201 is coupled to the block case 310 with a spline and groove connection 206, 311. The bypass mandrel 201 is also coupled to the slip mandrel 355 with a spline and groove connection 206, 357. The spline and groove connections force relative rotation between the two respective members when one of the members is displaced relative to the other. Further, in this embodiment, the horizontal shoulders of the tooth-like protrusions of the slips 330 and the slip mandrel 350 do not abut in the un-set, closed position.
Operation of the latch assembly 501 is as follows. Referring to
Upon release and retrieval of the latch assembly 501, a spear (not shown) may be lowered to engage the retrieval profile 130 on the bypass mandrel 201 and lifted toward the surface to move the latch assembly 101 upward. The upward force will be transmitted to the block case 310 via threaded connections between the bypass mandrel 201 and the block case 310, then to the setting sleeve 350 via the shear pin 305. The upward force will be transmitted from the setting sleeve 350 to the slip retainer sleeve 340 via the snap ring 307. A sufficient upward force on the latch assembly 501 will break the shear pin 385 thereby freeing the slip retainer sleeve 340 from the ratchet assembly and causing the slip retainer sleeve to push the slips 330 angularly inward towards the slip mandrel 355 if the slips are not obstructed by wellbore debris. The rest of the removal process is similar to that of the embodiment described above.
If the slips 330 are obstructed by wellbore debris, the upward force may be increased to break shear pin 305. This will free the setting sleeve 350 from the block case 310. The upward force will move the block case 310 relative to the slip retainer sleeve 340. The block 316 will move along the guide 314 forcing rotation of the block case 310. This rotation will be transmitted to the slip mandrel 355 by the spline and groove connections 206, 311; 206, 357. Blocks 317, 376 are free to rotate with the slip mandrel 355 due to the enlarged corresponding slots. The rotation of the slip mandrel 355 will align the pockets 360 with the slips 330, thereby allowing the slip retainer sleeve 340 to disengage the slips 330. The removal of the latch assembly 501 may then be completed.
In another aspect, the latch assemblies 101, 501 may further include an API tool joint (not shown) disposed about the bypass mandrel 201. The API tool joint (not shown) is well known in the art and can be disposed adjacent the retrieval profile 130 and rupture disk 110, along the bypass mandrel 201. The API tool joint can receive a run in device. Unlike the retrieval profile 130, the API tool joint torsionally locks the latch assembly 501 to the run-in tool thereby allowing the run-in tool to rotate the bypass mandrel 201.
The latch assembly 600 includes a bypass mandrel 605 and the cup assembly 620A. Threadably attached to the bypass mandrel 201 is a collet mandrel 660. Also threadably attached to the collet mandrel 660 is a locking mandrel 695. The bypass mandrel 605 and a drag block body 700 (see
Formed on an inner side of the bypass mandrel 605 is a retrieval profile 602. The retrieval profile 602 is similar to that of retrieval profile 130. Disposed along the bypass mandrel 605 is a first collet 610. The first collet 610 is coupled to the mandrel 605 by set screws. The first collet 610 has one or more cantilevered fingers. The fingers of the first collet 610 will engage a shoulder of the cup mandrel 655 when the latch assembly 600 is actuated to the closed position (see
The cup assembly 620A has two sub-assemblies, respective cup rings 620, 650 of the sub-assemblies each facing opposite directions. Each sub-assembly is similar to that of the cup assembly 250A. The sub-assembly facing downward has been added to resist backfill as a new casing joint is added to the casing string 780 during drilling. Disposed along the cup mandrel 655 is a slotted (see
Threadably attached to the cup mandrel 655 is a case 690. Abutting the cup mandrel 655 and a threaded end of the case 690 that engages the cup mandrel is a collet retainer 665. A second collet 670 is disposed along the collet mandrel 660 and coupled thereto with set screws. In the open position as shown, the collet retainer 665 is engaged with the second collet 670, thereby latching the collet mandrel 660 to the cup mandrel 655. The second collet 670 and collet retainer 665 are configured so that a greater force is required to disengage the second collet from the collet retainer than to engage the second collet with the collet retainer. The case 690 has one or more equalization ports 680 therethrough connected to at least one equalization passage 685. The equalization passage 685 is formed between the mandrels 605, 660, 695 and the cup mandrel 655, case 690, and drag block body 700. The equalization ports 680 and passages 685 displace fluid from the latch assembly 600 as the mandrels 605, 660, 695 shift axially relative to the rest of the latch assembly.
Formed on the case 690 is a slot 692. The slot 692 is configured to mate with the safety collar 750 (see
Threadably attached to the case 690 is the drag block body 700. The drag block body 700 is coupled to the locking mandrel 695 by one or more locking pins 702. The locking pins 702 extend into at least one slot partially disposed through the locking mandrel 695. The pin-slot connections will allow partial relative axial movement between the body 700 and the mandrel 695 while restraining relative rotation there-between. The drag block body forms a shoulder 717 for seating an end of the locking mandrel 695, when the locking mandrel is actuated.
Disposed along the drag block body 700 and coupled thereto with set screws are one or more first axial drag block keepers 705 and one or more second axial drag block keepers 715. Abutting each first keeper 705 and second keeper 715 is an axial drag block 710. One or more sleds 714 are disposed along the locking mandrel 695. Each sled is disposed in a corresponding slot formed in the locking mandrel. Each axial drag block 710 is coupled to each sled 714 with a set of springs 712. The slots allow partial relative axial movement between the locking mandrel 695 and the sleds 714, while preventing rotational movement there-between. Each axial drag block 710 has one or more shoulders formed therein. The shoulders are configured to restrain each axial drag block 710 from downward movement relative to the landing collar 760 (see
Further disposed along the drag block body 700 and coupled thereto with set screws are one or more first torsional drag block keepers 720 and one or more second torsional drag block keepers 730. Abutting each first keeper 720 and second keeper 730 is a torsional drag block 725. Each torsional drag block 725 is coupled to the drag block body 700 with a spring 727. The springs 727 allow the drag blocks 725 to compress inward when inserted into the casing and to extend outward when the drag blocks 725 align with axial slots 770 formed on an inner diameter of a landing collar 760 (see
A housing 815 is disposed adjacent the first set of bypass ports 812 formed within the bypass mandrel 810. The housing 815 is threadably engaged with a cup mandrel 825, allowing the housing 815 to transfer axial forces to and from the cup mandrel 825. The housing 815 also acts to open and close fluid access to the first set of bypass ports 812 by shifting axially across the bypass mandrel 810. As shown, in the open position, the housing abuts a first shoulder 820 of the bypass mandrel 810. When the setting tool 800 is actuated to the closed position (see
Adjacent the threaded connection between the housing 815 and the cup mandrel 825, the cup mandrel forms a shoulder. The shoulder serves as a cup protector. Disposed along the cup mandrel 825 is a cup ring 830. The cup ring 830 has a first o-ring retainer 835. The cup mandrel 825 abuts an end of the cup ring 830 to aid in retaining the ring 830 in place. Further disposed along the cup mandrel 825 is a packer ring 840. The packer ring 840 abuts the cup ring 830 on a first side and a gage ring 845 on a second side. The gage ring 845 is threadably attached to a gage ring retainer 850. The cup mandrel 825 is also threadably attached to the gage ring holder 850.
Formed at an end of the cup mandrel 825 is at least one block end 847. The block end extends into at least one axial slot formed in the bypass mandrel 810. The block-slot connection allows limited relative axial movement between the bypass mandrel 810 and the cup mandrel 825, while restraining rotational movement there-between.
The center mandrel 855 is threadably connected to the gage ring holder 850. Disposed along and abutting the center mandrel 855 is a shear pin case 865. The shear pin case 865 is coupled to the center mandrel 855 with one or more shear screws 867. The shear screws 867 retain the case 865 to the center mandrel 855 until a sufficient downward force is applied to the center mandrel 855, thereby breaking the shear screw 867. The center mandrel 855 is then free to move downward relative to the shear pin case 865. A snap ring 869 is disposed between the center mandrel 855 and the shear pin case 865. The snap ring 869 will engage the shear pin case 865 when the shear screws 867 are broken and the center mandrel 855 moves downward relative to the shear pin case, thereby acting as a downward stop for the shear pin case.
Also threadably connected to the center mandrel 855 is a spear mandrel 900. Threadably attached to the shear pin case 865 is a first case 870. Threadably attached to the first case 870 is a locking case 875. An equalization passage is formed between the spear mandrel 900 and the locking case 875 to provide fluid relief when the shear pins 867 are broken and the center mandrel moves downward relative to the shear pin case 865. Optionally, the first case 870 and the locking case 875 may be one integral part. Abutting the locking case on a first end and a collet 895 on the second end is a spring 885. Threadably attached to the locking case 875 is a second case 880. Disposed through the second case 880 is at least one slot. At least one pin 890 extends from the collet 895 through the slot of the second case 880. The pin-slot connection allows limited relative axial movement between the collet 895 and the second case 880, while restraining rotational movement there-between. The collet 895 is disposed along the spear mandrel 900. Fingers of the collet 895 are restrained from compressing by abutment with a tapered shoulder formed along the spear mandrel 900. The spring 885 and the slot disposed through the second case 880 allow axial movement of the collet 895 relative to the spear mandrel 900 so that the fingers of the collet may compress. Further, when the shear pin 867 is broken and the center mandrel 855 is moved downward relative to the locking mandrel 865, the spear mandrel 900 will also move downward relative to the collet 895, thereby allowing the fingers of the collet to compress. A releasing nut 905 is disposed along the spear mandrel 900 and threadably attached thereto. The spear mandrel 900 and collet 895 are engageable with the retrieval profile 602 of the latch assembly 600 (see
A downward setting force is then applied to the setting tool 800 by either the run in device or fluid pressure. The setting force will be transferred from the setting tool 800 to the latch assembly 600. This force will disengage the second collet 670 and cause the setting tool 800, the bypass mandrel 605, the collet mandrel 660, and the locking mandrel 695 to move downward relative to the rest of the latch assembly 600. The setting tool 800 and the mandrels 605, 660, 695 will move downward until the end of the locking mandrel 695 abuts the shoulder 717 of the drag block body 700. During this movement, the fingers of the first collet 610 will engage the shoulder of the cup mandrel 655, thereby retaining the latch assembly 600 in the closed position. In this position, the locking mandrel 695 has closed bypass ports 735 and locked the axial drag blocks 710 into place. Bypass ports 607 are in fluid communication with a channel formed in the cup mandrel 655 to provide fluid circulation.
The setting tool 800 may now be removed from the latch assembly 600. The setting force will be increased to break the shear pins 867. The center mandrel 855 and spear mandrel 900 are now free to move downward relative to the shear pin case 865 and the collet 895 until the center mandrel abuts the first case 870, thereby freeing the fingers of the collet from the tapered shoulder of the spear mandrel 900. As the center mandrel is moving, the snap ring 869 will engage the shear pin case 865. An upward force may now be applied to the setting tool 800 to free the setting tool from the latch assembly 600. This force will cause the bypass mandrel 810 to move upward relative to the rest of the setting tool 800 until the shoulder 820 abuts the housing 815. This movement will open the bypass ports 812, 860. The force will be transferred from the housing 815 to the center mandrel 855 via threaded connections. The force will be transferred from the center mandrel 855 to the spear mandrel 900 via a threaded connection and to the shear pin case 865 via the snap ring 869. The force will be transferred from the shear pin case 865 to the second case 880 via threaded connections. The force will be transferred from the second case 880 to the collet 895 via abutment of the pin 890 with an end of the slot through the second case 880. The force will cause the collet 895 to disengage from the retrieval profile 602. The setting tool 800 may then be removed from the wellbore. Drilling operations may then be commenced.
Optionally, before commencing drilling, it may be verified that the locking mandrel 695 has properly set. Fluid may be pumped into the casing 780. If the locking mandrel 695 has not properly set, the bypass ports 735 will be open. This would be indicated at the surface by a relatively low pressure drop across the latch assembly 600. If the locking mandrel 695 has properly set, the bypass ports 735 will be closed, resulting in a relatively higher pressure drop across the latch assembly 600 as fluid flow will be forced through the BHA.
When it is desired to remove the latch assembly 600 from the wellbore, a run in device with a spear (not shown) may be lowered to engage the retrieval profile 601. An upward releasing force may then be applied to the bypass mandrel 605. The upward force will be transferred to the collet mandrel 660 and the locking mandrel 695 via threaded connections. The force will cause the fingers of the first collet 610 to disengage from the cup mandrel 655, thereby allowing the mandrels 605, 660, 695 to move upward relative to the rest of the latch assembly 600. The mandrels 605, 660, 695 will move upward until the shoulder 637 of the bypass mandrel 605 engages the cup mandrel 655. During this movement, the second collet 670 will engage the collet retainer 665 and the locking mandrel 695 will move past the axial drag blocks 710, thereby allowing the drag blocks 710 to retract. This movement will also open the bypass ports 735. The axial drag blocks 710 may then disengage the profile 765 by compressing inward. The latch assembly 600 will then move upward relative to the landing collar 760 until the torsional drag blocks disengage from the profile 770 by compressing inward. The latch assembly 600 and BHA are now free from the landing collar 760 and may be removed from the wellbore.
In an alternative aspect of latch assembly 600, the axial 710 and torsional 725 drag blocks may be replaced by one or more dual function blocks. In another alternative aspect, the drag block body 700 may be separated into an axial drag block body and a torsional drag block body. In yet another alternative aspect, the first 610 and second 670 collets may be replaced by shear pins.
Referring to
The gage rings 912, 916 and the packing element 913-915 are disposed along a packer mandrel 918. The packer mandrel 918 is similar to the cup mandrel 655. The actuator 911 and the packer mandrel 918 are threadably connected. The second gage ring 916 is threadably attached to a gage case 917. The gage case 917 is also threadably attached to a sleeve 920 and abuts the packer mandrel 918 in this position. The gage case is coupled to the packer mandrel with a shear screw 922 to prevent premature setting of the packing element 913-915. The packer mandrel 918 and the sleeve 920 are coupled together by a ratchet assembly 919. The ratchet assembly 919 is similar to the ratchet assembly of the latch assembly 101, thereby retaining the soft portion 914 of the packer element in an expanded position until a shear pin of the ratchet assembly is broken. The sleeve 920 and the case 690 are threadably attached together. The collet retainer 665 is disposed between the sleeve 920 and the case 690.
Referring to
Operation of the latch assembly 910 and setting tool 930 are as follows. The run in steps for latch assembly 910 and setting tool 930 are similar to those of latch assembly 600 and setting tool 800. Once the setting force is applied and the setting tool 800 and the mandrels 605, 660, 695 are moving downward, the sleeve 931 will also move towards the shoulder 921 of the actuator 911. The sleeve 931 and the actuator 911 will abut and then compress the packing element 913-915 and cause the soft portion 914 to extend into contact with the casing (not shown). While this is happening, the shear screw 922 will break and the packer mandrel 918 will ratchet downward relative to the sleeve 920, thereby locking the packing element 913-915 in compression.
Once the upward releasing force is applied to the bypass mandrel 605 and the shoulder 637 abuts the packer mandrel 918, the releasing force will break the shear pin of the ratchet assembly 919. This will allow the packer mandrel 918 to move upward relative to the sleeve 920, thereby allowing the soft portion 914 of the packer element to disengage the casing. This relative movement will continue until the packer mandrel 918 abuts the gage case 917.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
This application claims benefit of U.S. provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/452,200, filed Mar. 5, 2003.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20040216892 A1 | Nov 2004 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60452200 | Mar 2003 | US |
