The present disclosure generally relates to the access and production of hydrocarbons (for example, oil and gas) from hydrocarbon reservoirs. More specifically, embodiments of the disclosure relate to performing drilling operations to form wells to access hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Hydrocarbon production typically relies on wells drilled to access hydrocarbon reservoirs, such as reservoirs located in subterranean formations. Wells may be drilled using a variety of techniques to locate hydrocarbons and facilitate production of hydrocarbons via the well. In one such technique referred to as “Drilling with Casing” (also referring to as “Casing while Drilling”), casing is installed while simultaneously drilling the wellbore. Casing while drilling presents several challenges specific to this technique, such as a lack of fatigue resistance, strength, and robustness of the casing as compared to the drill pipe typically used in drilling wells.
Drilling with casing (DwC) may be used in specific types of locations and formations having hydrocarbon reservoirs, such as mature fields and shale formations. However, the casing does not have the strength, robustness, fatigue resistance, and torque resistance properties of drill pipe.
To facilitate drilling with casing (DwC), casing connections having a relatively large torque capacity and fatigue resistance may be used in order to sustain the dynamics of drilling. Moreover, some techniques may also use fatigue prediction models for such casing connections. However, the existing fatigue prediction models are based on static considerations and do not accurately account for the dynamics of drilling.
Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to a drilling with casing monitoring system that receives data from a drilling operation, provides visualizations, and provides a model that accurately predicts problematic drilling loads in order to avert these loads and maintain casing and the efficiency of the drilling operation. As discussed in the disclosure, the drilling with casing monitor may determine the status of a drilling with casing operation based on the dynamic effects of drilling.
In one embodiment, a method for drilling a well using a drilling with casing operation is provided. The method includes receiving, from a transducer, data associated with a casing, the transducer data including torque, radial acceleration, tangential acceleration, and axial acceleration. The method also includes providing the transducer data to a drilling with casing machine learning model configured to output a condition of the drilling with casing operation. The drilling with casing machine learning model is trained using a relationship between torque, radial acceleration, tangential acceleration, and axial acceleration. The method further includes outputting a condition of the drilling with casing operation from the drilling with casing machine learning model.
In some embodiments, the method includes receiving data associated with a rig, the rig data including electronic drilling recorder (EDR) data including hook load, string depth, revolutions-per-minute (RPM), torque, and block height, forming a dataset having at least one datum of the transducer data and at least one datum of the EDR data, and providing the dataset to the drilling with casing machine learning model. In some embodiments, the drilling with casing machine learning model is an artificial neural network (ANN). In some embodiments, the method includes stopping the drilling with casing operation based on the determined condition. In some embodiments, the method includes adjusting the drilling with casing operation based on determined condition. In some embodiments, the condition includes a torsional vibration value above a threshold value over a threshold time period. In some embodiments, the condition includes a lateral vibration value above a threshold value over a threshold time period. In some embodiments, the transducer data is acquired at a rate of 120 hertz (Hz). In some embodiments, the EDR data is acquired at a rate of 1 hertz (Hz). In some embodiments, the method includes providing a graph of torque, radial acceleration, tangential acceleration, and axial acceleration versus time.
In another embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having executable code stored thereon for drilling a well using a drilling with casing operation. The executable code includes a set of instructions that causes a processor to perform operations that include receiving, from a transducer, transducer data associated with a casing, the data including torque, radial acceleration, tangential acceleration, and axial acceleration. The operations also include providing the transducer data to a drilling with casing machine learning model configured to output a condition of the drilling with casing operation. The drilling with casing machine learning model is trained using a relationship between torque, radial acceleration, tangential acceleration, and axial acceleration. The operations further include outputting a condition of the drilling with casing operation from the drilling with casing machine learning model.
In some embodiments, the operations include receiving data associated with a rig, the rig data including electronic drilling recorder (EDR) data including hook load, string depth, revolutions-per-minute (RPM), torque, and block height, forming a dataset having at least one datum of the transducer data and at least one datum of the EDR data, and providing the dataset to the drilling with casing machine learning model. In some embodiments, the drilling with casing machine learning model is an artificial neural network (ANN). In some embodiments, the operations include stopping the drilling with casing operation based on the determined condition. In some embodiments, the operations include adjusting the drilling with casing operation based on determined condition. In some embodiments, the condition includes a torsional vibration value above a threshold value over a threshold time period. In some embodiments, the condition includes a lateral vibration value above a threshold value over a threshold time period. In some embodiments, the transducer data is acquired at a rate of 120 hertz (Hz). In some embodiments, the EDR data is acquired at a rate of 1 hertz (Hz). In some embodiments, the operations include providing a graph of torque, radial acceleration, tangential acceleration, and axial acceleration versus time.
In another embodiment, a system for drilling a well using a drilling with casing operation is provided. The system includes a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable storage memory accessible by the processor and having executable code stored thereon for drilling a well using a drilling with casing operation. The executable code includes a set of instructions that causes a processor to perform operations that include receiving, from a transducer, data associated with a casing, the transducer data including torque, radial acceleration, tangential acceleration, and axial acceleration. The operations also include providing transducer data to a drilling with casing machine learning model configured to output a condition of the drilling with casing operation. The drilling with casing machine learning model is trained using a relationship between torque, radial acceleration, tangential acceleration, and axial acceleration. The operations further include outputting a condition of the drilling with casing operation from the drilling with casing machine learning model.
In some embodiments, the operations include receiving data associated with a rig, the rig data including electronic drilling recorder (EDR) data including hook load, string depth, revolutions-per-minute (RPM), torque, and block height, forming a dataset having at least one datum of the transducer data and at least one datum of the EDR data, and providing the dataset to the drilling with casing machine learning model. In some embodiments, the drilling with casing machine learning model is an artificial neural network (ANN). In some embodiments, the operations include stopping the drilling with casing operation based on the determined condition. In some embodiments, the operations include adjusting the drilling with casing operation based on determined condition. In some embodiments, the condition includes a torsional vibration value above a threshold value over a threshold time period. In some embodiments, the condition includes a lateral vibration value above a threshold value over a threshold time period. In some embodiments, the transducer data is acquired at a rate of 120 hertz (Hz). In some embodiments, the EDR data is acquired at a rate of 1 hertz (Hz). In some embodiments, the operations include providing a graph of torque, radial acceleration, tangential acceleration, and axial acceleration versus time.
The present disclosure will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the disclosure. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the illustrated embodiments. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The well 106 may include a wellbore 110, a well control system (or “control system”) 112 and a rig 114. The control system 112 may control various operations of the well 106, such as well drilling or workover operations, well completion operations, well production operations, or well and formation monitoring operations. In some embodiments, the control system 112 includes a computer system that is the same as or similar to that of computer system 800 described with regard to at least
The wellbore 110 may include a drilling (or “bored”) hole that extends from the surface 108 into a target zone of the formation 104, such as the reservoir 102. An upper end of the wellbore 110 at or near the surface 108 may be referred to as the “uphole” end of the wellbore 110, and a lower end of the wellbore 110 terminating in the formation 104 may be referred to as the “downhole” end of the wellbore 110. The wellbore 110 may be created, for example, by a drilling with casing operation that uses a drill bit 116 boring through the formation 104 and the reservoir 102 while simultaneously installing casing 118. Other components used in a drilling with casing operation may be included, such a bottom hole assembly, connectors, centralizers, etc. The wellbore 110 can provide for the circulation of drilling fluids during drilling operations, the flow of hydrocarbons (for example, oil and gas) from the reservoir 102 to the surface 108 during production operations, the injection of substances (for example, water) into one or both of the formation 104 and the reservoir 102 during injection operations, or the communication of monitoring devices (for example, logging tools) into one or both of the formation 104 and the reservoir 102 during monitoring operations (for example, during in situ logging operations).
The drilling rig 114 may include various components for operating a drilling string (that is, a casing in a drilling with casing operation), such as a top drive, as well as components for installing sections of tubulars that form the casing. As shown in
The well control system 112 may include or be in communication with a drilling with a casing monitor 124 that may receive transducer data 126 from the transducer 120 and other rig data 128 from the EDR 122, such as via a network 130, to monitor the drilling with casing operation according to the techniques described in the disclosure. As discussed in the disclosure, the drilling with casing monitor 124 may include a drilling with casing machine learning (ML) model 132 that received may receive measurements from the data 126 and 128 and generate an output used to perform the drilling with casing operation. The drilling with casing monitor 126 may output a condition indicating in real-time the possibility of damage to the casing 118 based on the most recent data corresponding to the drilling with casing operation.
In some embodiments, the transducer data 126 may be acquired and transmitted at a relatively greater rate as compared to the rig data 128 (such transducer data may be referred to as “high frequency” data). For example, in some embodiments, the transducer data 126 may be acquired and transmitted at a rate of 120 Hz. In such embodiments, the other rig data 128 may be acquired and transmitted at a relatively lesser rate as compared to the transducer data 126 (such rig data may be referred to as “low frequency” data). In some embodiments, the other rig data 128 may be acquired and transmitted at a rate of 1 Hz. In other embodiments, other rates may be acquisition and transmission rates may be used.
In some embodiments, the transducer data and the other rig data may be synchronized (block 208). In some embodiments, the transducer data, the other rig data, or both (for example, in synchronized form) may be provided as one or more visualizations (block 210). For example, as described below and shown in
Next, as shown in
In some embodiments, the drilling with casing machine learning model may be trained using transducer data from multiple wellsites having drilling with casing operations. In some embodiments, the drilling with casing machine learning model may additionally be trained with rig data, such as EDR data, from wellsites having drilling with casing operations. In some embodiments, the machine learning model may be trained using supervised learning. In some embodiments, the machine learning model may be trained using a relationship between acceleration (in one or more axes) and torque. In some embodiments, certain values in the acceleration, torque, or identified acceleration-torque relationship may correspond to conditions of a drilling with casing operation. Such values and conditions may be used to train the drilling with casing machine learning model based on the acceleration and torque inputs. In some embodiments, vibrations (e.g., torsional vibrations) may be determined from the measured accelerations. By way of example, torsional vibrations above a threshold occurring longer than a threshold time period may indicate an increased risk to a drilling with casing operation. In another example, lateral vibrations above a threshold occurring longer than a threshold time period may indicate an increased risk of buckling conditions and potential damage to the casing.
Additionally, in embodiments, one or more visualizations of the output from the drilling with casing model may be provided (block 216). For example, as shown in
In some embodiments, the drilling with casing operation may be adjusted or stopped based on the determinations (block 218). For example, in some instances the drilling speed (in revolutions-per-minute (RPM)) may be adjusted. In another example, the weight on bit may be adjusted. In yet another example, the drilling fluid circulation rate may be adjusted. Advantageously, the drilling with casing monitor may enable the avoidance of undesirable drilling zones, prevent failure, and maximize life of the casing, and provide for optimization of drilling speeds.
As discussed in the disclosure, embodiments of the drilling with casing monitor may include interactive visualizations and associated user interfaces of a drilling with casing operation for monitoring and responding to the operation.
In another example, the screen 400 depicts measurements 402 acquired by low sample rate data sources of the drilling rig, such as from an EDR. In the embodiment shown in
As shown in
The processor 802 (as used the disclosure, the term “processor” encompasses microprocessors) may include one or more processors having the capability to receive and process data, such as torque and turn data from a connection make-up operation. In some embodiments, the processor 802 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (AISC). In some embodiments, the processor 802 may include a reduced instruction set (RISC) processor or a complex instruction set (CISC) processor. Additionally, the processor 802 may include a single-core processors and multicore processors and may include graphics processors. Multiple processors may be employed to provide for parallel or sequential execution of one or more of the techniques described in the disclosure. The processor 802 may receive instructions and data from a memory (for example, memory 804).
The memory 804 (which may include one or more tangible non-transitory computer readable storage mediums) may include volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM), and non-volatile memory, such as ROM, flash memory, a hard drive, any other suitable optical, magnetic, or solid-state storage medium, or a combination thereof. The memory 804 may be accessible by the processor 802. The memory 804 may store executable computer code. The executable computer code may include computer program instructions for implementing one or more techniques described in the disclosure. For example, the executable computer code may include drilling with casing monitor instructions 812 that define the various modules and processes to implement embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the drilling with casing monitor instructions 812 may implement a machine learning model as described in the disclosure. In some embodiments, the drilling with casing monitor instructions 812 may receive, as input, transducer data 814. In some embodiments, the instructions 812 may receive, as input, other rig data 816, as described in the disclosure. The outputs from the drilling with casing monitor 812, such as output from the machine learning model, may be provided on the display 806.
The display 806 may include a cathode ray tube (CRT) display, liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or other suitable display. The display 806 may display a user interface (for example, a graphical user interface) that may display information. In accordance with some embodiments, the display 806 may be a touch screen and may include or be provided with touch sensitive elements through which a user may interact with the user interface.
The network interface 808 may provide for communication between the control system 800 and other devices. The network interface 808 may include a wired network interface card (NIC), a wireless (e.g., radio frequency) network interface card, or combination thereof. The network interface 808 may include circuitry for receiving and sending signals to and from communications networks, such as an antenna system, an RF transceiver, an amplifier, a tuner, an oscillator, a digital signal processor, and so forth. The network interface 808 may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, an intranet, a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN) or other networks. Communication over networks may use suitable standards, protocols, and technologies, such as Ethernet Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11 standards), and other standards, protocols, and technologies. In some embodiments, for example, data from an electronic drilling recorder (EDR) may be received over a network via the network interface 808. In some embodiments, for example, outputs from the control system 800 may be provided to other devices over the network via the network interface 808.
In some embodiments, the control system 800 may be coupled to an input device 820 (for example, one or more input devices). The input devices 820 may include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, or other input devices. In some embodiments, the input device 820 may enable interaction with a user interface displayed on the display 806. For example, in some embodiments, the input devices 820 may enable the entry of inputs that control the acquisition of data, the processing of rig data, acknowledgement of alarms, and so on.
Ranges may be expressed in the disclosure as from about one particular value, to about another particular value, or both. When such a range is expressed, it is to be understood that another embodiment is from the one particular value, to the other particular value, or both, along with all combinations within said range.
Further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the general manner of carrying out the embodiments described in the disclosure. It is to be understood that the forms shown and described in the disclosure are to be taken as examples of embodiments. Elements and materials may be substituted for those illustrated and described in the disclosure, parts and processes may be reversed or omitted, and certain features may be utilized independently, all as would be apparent to one skilled in the art after having the benefit of this description. Changes may be made in the elements described in the disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as described in the following claims. Headings used in the disclosure are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description.
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/503,249 filed May 19, 2023, and titled “DRILLING WITH CASING MONITOR.” For purposes of United States patent practice, this application incorporates the contents of the Provisional Application by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63503249 | May 2023 | US |