This is a U.S. Non-Provisional Application, which claims priority to German Patent Application No. DE 10 2018 220 560.4, filed Nov. 29, 2018, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure generally relates to lift systems, including drive arrangements in lift systems with movable rail segments.
The present disclosure can be applied in lift systems having at least one lift car, in particular a plurality of lift cars, which can be moved in a shaft by means of guide rails. At least one first fixed guide rail may be fixedly arranged in a shaft and oriented in a first, in particular vertical, direction; at least one second fixed guide rail may be fixedly oriented in a second, in particular horizontal, direction; at least one third, in particular rotatable, guide rail which can move with respect to the shaft may be attached to a rotational platform and can be transferred between a first position or a second position and/or an orientation in the first direction and an orientation in the second direction. The lift cabins can run in a circulating fashion like a paternoster here.
Such systems are described in part in WO 2015/144781 A1 and in German patent applications 10 2016 211 997.4 and 10 2015 218 025.5.
The essential advantage of such lift systems is the significant increase in capacity compared to conventional systems in which the lift cabins always move in the same shaft. Therefore, with a lift system as specified at the beginning it is already possible to make available a passenger conveying capacity with two shafts which would require five or more shafts in a conventional system.
This results in increased requirements in respect of fail safety. In a conventional lift system with five shafts the failure of a lift shaft means a reduction in the entire passenger conveying capacity of 20%. In the case of the lift system mentioned at the beginning, the failure of a lift shaft can mean a reduction in the passenger conveying capacity of 100%. In this context, the movable rail segments temporarily interrupt the vertical travel path in the lift shaft depending on the position and rotational position. If the drive of the movable rail segments fails in such a state, the entire lift system can fail.
Thus a need exists for a high level of fail safety for a lift system.
Although certain example methods and apparatus have been described herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents. Moreover, those having ordinary skill in the art will understand that reciting “a” element or “an” element in the appended claims does not restrict those claims to articles, apparatuses, systems, methods, or the like having only one of that element, even where other elements in the same claim or different claims are preceded by “at least one” or similar language. Similarly, it should be understood that the steps of any method claims need not necessarily be performed in the order in which they are recited, unless so required by the context of the claims. In addition, all references to one skilled in the art shall be understood to refer to one having ordinary skill in the art.
The present disclosure generally relates to drive arrangements having a movable rail segment in a lift system and having an electric motor for moving the movable rail segment.
The drive arrangement may comprise:
a movable, in particular rotatable, rail segment of a lift system, in particular of a lift system of the type mentioned at the beginning,
an electric motor for moving, in particular rotating, the movable, in particular rotatable, rail segment wherein the drive arrangement is, in particular, configured to rotate the rail segment through a rotation angle of less than 360°,
at least one inverter unit for making available electrical power to the electric motor.
The inverter unit is configured to receive a control command relating to the position or rotational position of the movable rail segment, and to make available the electrical drive power on the basis thereof.
Such a control command relating to the position can assume various forms. In particular, the control command can contain a specific angle specification (e.g. “90°”), merely assume in a binary fashion one of two possible values (e.g. “0” means horizontal position; “1” means vertical position) or can contain a change instruction (“0” means maintain current position; “1” means change position to the respective other value). Of course, the control command can comprise further contents. Of course, any other values which are, in particular, suitable for defining a specific position are also possible. Positions between 0° and 90° are also possible; in particular if the second direction is not oriented horizontally. The same applies of course to other positions if the third rail is moved non-rotationally.
The drive arrangement may form at least two, in particular precisely three, drive segments, and each drive segment comprises an inverter unit and at least one coil arrangement which is supplied with electrical power by the assigned inverter unit. The coil arrangements apply a drive force to, in particular, a common drive element, in particular the rotor, of the electric motor.
Each inverter unit can comprise a communication unit which is able (i.e. is designed) to receive the control command. The communication units are configured in such a way as to define, with one another, a communication unit from the set of communication units as a master communication unit and to define the remaining communication units as slave communication units.
The advantage of the method is the redundant example of the drive segments and the ability to organise the redundant units of the drive arrangement independently. In this context, a decentralised decision structure which does not require a central control unit is used. The fail safety can therefore be increased.
The electric motors for moving the movable rail segments differ significantly from drive machines for lifting and lowering conventional lift cabins. In particular, the space for movement, in particular the rotational angle, is limited; for example a maximum rotational angle of 90° is sufficient to transfer the movable rails from the vertical orientation into the horizontal orientation. In addition, the movable rail segments are connected to a multiplicity of electrical and electronic lines. When there is limited space for movement, in particular a rotational angle, this can be done by means of a drag chain. In particular, the entire cabin can also be supported in a protruding fashion next to the rotatable rail segment by means of the rotatable bearing of the electric motor.
Wherever the plural is used in the description and the claims, the formulation in the plural also includes the singular in so far as the plural is not also explicitly extended by the indication of a plurality or by a specific quantity specification. Within the scope of the present description, the term coil unit covers, in particular, a group of magnetic coils which interact in such a way that they generate, at least in one section, a magnetic field which migrates with the rotational movement of the rotor. Through this, all the coils of a coil unit are supplied with a multi-phase current by a common power inverter.
The lift system 50 also comprises second fixed guide rails 57, along which the lift car 51 can be guided by means of the backpack bearing. The second guide rails 57 are oriented horizontally in a second direction y and permit the lift car 51 to be movable within a storey. In addition, the second guide rails 57 connect the first guide rails 56 of the two shafts 52′, 52″ to one another. Therefore, the second guide rails 57 also serve to transfer the lift car 51 between the two shafts 52′, 52″, in order e.g. to implement a modern paternoster operation.
The lift car 51 can be transferred from the first guide rails 56 onto the second guide rails 57, and vice versa, via third guide rails 58. The third guide rails 58 are rotatable with respect to a rotational axis A which is perpendicular to a y-z plane which passes through the first and second guide rails 56, 57.
All the guide rails 56, 57, 58 are attached at least indirectly to at least one shaft wall of the shaft 52. The shaft wall defines a positionally fixed reference system of the shaft. The term shaft wall also alternatively comprises a positionally fixed frame structure of the shaft which supports the guide rails. The rotatable third guide rails 58 are attached to a rotational platform 53. The rotational platform 53 is mounted by means of a platform pivot bearing which is not illustrated in
Such systems are described basically in WO 2015/144781 A1 and in German patent applications 10 2016 211 997.4 and 10 2015 218 025.5. 10 2016 205 794.4 contains in this regard a detailed description of an arrangement with an integrated platform pivot bearing and an electric motor for rotating the rotational platform, which can also be used within the scope of the present disclosure for providing bearing and as a rotary drive for the rotational platform. The lift system according to
A superordinate control unit 12 outputs control commands 13 to the inverter units 4. For example, a control command 13 can comprise an instruction that the rotatable rails 58 are to be arranged horizontally or vertically. The inverter units 4 can emit a confirmation signal 11 to the control unit 12.
The coil units 3I, 3II, 3III and the inverter unit 4I, 4II, 4III which are connected thereto together form one of three drive segments. In individual refinements the three position sensors 8I, 8II, 8III can each be assigned to precisely one of the three drive segments I, II, III. If it is subsequently a case of three segments, the minimum number is therefore meant.
Three inverter units 4I, 4II, 4III are provided and are each exclusively assigned a plurality of coil units 3I, 3II, 3III. The arrangement composed of the inverter unit 4 and exclusively assigned coil units 3 is refereed to within the scope of this application as the drive segment I, II, III. In
In addition, three position sensors 8I, 8II, 8III are provided, which make available a position sensor value 10I, 10II, 10III of the electric motor, for example a rotary position of the rotor with respect to the stator. The position sensors 8 are not necessarily a component of one of the drive segments; however, in individual refinements the position sensors 8 can still be exclusively assigned to one drive segment (
For correct operation it is necessary that at least one inverter 4 can be correctly operated with at least one coil unit 3. For this it is essential that at least this one inverter is supplied with a position sensor value 10.
Redundant first buses 5I, 5II are provided via which a communication of the inverters 4 with one another or a communication of the inverters 4 with the at least one superordinate control unit 12 (see
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By way of example,
The inverter unit 4x comprises a power inverter 21x. The power inverter 21x generates an output power Px of the inverter unit 4x, which is output in the form of a multi-phase current at the associated coil unit 5x via the line 9x.
A manipulated variable 20x, which is made available by a first controller 19x, serves as an input variable for the power inverter 21x. For example, a torque value can be used as the manipulated value 20x. A first control difference 18x from a first reference variable 17x and a first status value 10 serves as an input variable 18x for the first controller 19x. The first status variable is in this example a position actual value 10x which is made available by one of the position sensors 8. The reference variable 17x is a setpoint/actual value 17x. There is provision, for example, that after deviation of the position actual value 10x from the position setpoint value 17x, the controller 19x outputs a relatively high or relatively low torque value in order to compensate for the control difference 18x. The reference variable 17x is made available by a reference variable generator 16x. A control signal 15x which comprises, for example, the desired target orientation, which is to be set, for the rotatable rail segment serves as an input variable for the reference variable generator 16x. On the basis of this control signal 15x, the reference variable generator 16x retrieves a stored time reference variable characteristic diagram, by means of which the reference variable 17x is generated and continuously updated. The control signal 15x is received by the control variable generator 16x from a communication unit 14x. This communication unit 14x constitutes the data interface of the inverter 4x with the outside and can communicate both with the communication units of the other inverter units 4 and with the control unit 12.
For example the control signal 15x, the reference variable 17x, the control difference 18x, the manipulated variable 20x and any desired variable from the sub-units (reference variable generator 14x, controller 19x or the power inverter 21x) can be used as the status value 22x. In particular, the status value 22x can be a signal which explicitly specifies, or from which it can be derived from one of the other inverter units 4, whether the respective other inverter unit which is associated with the status value is operating correctly.
During the normal operation, all the drive segments SI, SII, SIII each make essential the same contribution to the overall drive of the electric motor. However, if one of the inverter units fails, it is necessary for the other drive segments to make available a correspondingly larger amount of power. Essentially, depending on the control concept the controllers of the inverter units may be able to make available this relatively large amount of power automatically. If a drive segment fails in the present case, the remaining intact drive segments each contribute 150% of the normal power, and if a further drive segment then fails the remaining intact drive segments must make available 300% of the normal power.
If a drive segment fails, the controlled section becomes basically more sluggish. In order to be able to compensate for this increased sluggishness, the dynamics of the respective control circuit can be increased. This may be carried out by adapting the parameters K of the controller of the intact inverter unit.
In order to select the controller parameters, the operating state and therefore the variable j has to be determined. In a first variant, each inverter unit can be determined automatically by observing whether, for example, a drive segment has failed. If, for example, the first controller 191 of the first inverter unit 4I generates a first manipulated variable 17I which continuously corresponds to approximately 150% of the rest of the power output, the first inverter unit 4I can derive therefrom that one of the other inverter units 4II, 4II is not operating correctly.
Alternatively, the status value which is transmitted via one of the buses 5, 55, 555 can provide information as to whether one of the controllers has failed. In one variant there is provision that each intact drive segment supplies an OK value. If in one situation this value is not supplied by a drive segment, the other drive segments assume that said drive segment has failed.
From this knowledge the remaining functionally capable inverter unit 4II, 4II can derive that only a reduced number of coil arrangements is available for generating the drive torque, e.g. the second and third coil arrangements 3II, 3III of the second and third drive segments SII, SIII.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2018 220 560.4 | Nov 2018 | DE | national |