The present application relates to the field of fossil fuel combustion and nuclear energy utilization technology, more specifically, it involves a driving method for the synergistic combustion of fossil fuels and nuclear-chemical energy.
Under normal circumstances, fossil fuels combust in the presence of air or oxygen, releasing their calorific value. In terms of synergistic combustion of fossil fuels in a sliding arc plasma field under atmospheric pressure, there are existing technologies such as the patent application of publication number CN114143950A for an oxygen flame composite plasma torch, the patent application of publication number CN111947151A for a gas composite plasma torch, and the patent application of publication number CN109600899A for an oxygen flame composite plasma torch, all of which are patent applications from the same inventors' family, but the principles behind them are not disclosed. Therefore, there is currently no reported technology in the prior art that specifically addresses synergistic combustion of fossil fuels and nuclear-chemical energy for the peaceful utilization of nuclear fusion energy to improve the combustion performance of fossil fuels.
The purpose of the present application is to provide a driving method for the synergistic combustion of fossil fuels and nuclear-chemical energy. This method allows for the simultaneous release of chemical energy and nuclear energy during fossil fuel combustion, thereby improving the efficiency of energy release during combustion
The technical issue of present application is addressed by implementing the following technical solutions.
The embodiments of the present application provide a driving method for the synergistic combustion of fossil fuels, wherein the fossil fuel and the combustion-supporting gas are introduced into a non-uniform high-gradient distorted alternating electromagnetic field, dissociating light nuclei for collision, and subsequently undergoing combustion after exiting the alternating electromagnetic field.
The working principle of the driving method in the present application is as follows: Fossil fuels contain small amounts of deuterium, tritium and other light nuclear isotopes. In a specific non-uniform high-gradient distorted alternating electromagnetic field ranging from 500V to 100 kV, light nuclei undergo fusion collisions, releasing nuclear energy. In this plasma field, both the fossil fuel and air components dissociate, exposing atomic nuclei, and entering a “deep plasma state” where they cannot combust to form CO2 and H2O compounds. Instead, they are forced to dissociate into atomic nuclei and electrons, providing the necessary conditions for nuclear reactions to occur. Only when the fossil fuel exits this plasma field can it undergo “combustion synthesis” and fully release the “combustion heat value (chemical energy)” of the fossil fuel. After departing from this plasma field control, it can be ignited within a time frame of 10-1 to 102 microseconds (μs), which is approximately 1 to 3 orders of magnitude shorter than the ignition time of natural combustion. Notably, even if only 1% of deuterium in 1 NM3 of natural gas undergoes fusion, it can generate an energy of 39 MJ, surpassing the pure low heat value of 37.5 MJ obtained from the combustion of natural gas. The plasma-driven technology and application of the synergistic combustion of fossil fuels and nuclear-chemical energy can achieve the same thermal energy value while significantly conserving fossil fuels.
Compared with the existing technologies, this application has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
The present application provides a driving method for the synergistic combustion of fossil fuels and nuclear-chemical energy, wherein a specific alternating electromagnetic field is employed to generate a recurring sliding arc. The light nuclei dissociated from fossil fuels and air collide, releasing nuclear energy. When the fossil fuel exits the non-uniform gradient electric field, i.e., the controlled zone of the “alternating electromagnetic field,” it undergoes ultra-fast combustion within a time frame of 10-1 to 102 microseconds, significantly enhancing the ignition speed.
Moreover, this driving method fully allows for the simultaneous release of chemical energy and nuclear energy during fossil fuel combustion, enabling the peaceful utilization of nuclear fusion energy and greatly improving the efficiency of energy release during combustion, leading to effective conservation of fossil fuel consumption.
To provide a clearer understanding of the technical solution in the embodiment of the present application, a brief introduction to the drawing used in the embodiment will be provided. It should be understood that these drawings only represent certain embodiments of the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope thereof. Ordinary skilled persons in the field can also obtain other related drawings based on these drawings without exercising inventive effort.
In order to provide a clear description of the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application, the following will combine the drawing of the embodiments of the present application to describe the technical solutions in a clear and complete manner. Conventional conditions or conditions recommended by manufacturers are used for embodiments where specific conditions are not indicated. Reagents or instruments not specified by the manufacturer are conventional products that can be obtained commercially.
It should be noted that features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other unless there is a conflict. Detailed descriptions of the present application will now be provided with reference to specific embodiments.
A driving method for the synergistic combustion of fossil fuels, whose steps comprises: introducing fossil fuel and combustion-supporting gas into a non-uniform high-gradient distorted alternating electromagnetic field, dissociating light nuclei for collision, and subsequently undergoing combustion after exiting the alternating electromagnetic field.
Fossil fuels contain small amounts of deuterium, tritium and other light nuclear isotopes. In a specific non-uniform high-gradient distorted alternating electromagnetic field ranging from 500V to 25,000V, light nuclei undergo fusion collisions, releasing nuclear energy. In this plasma field, both the fossil fuel and air components dissociate, exposing atomic nuclei, and entering a “deep plasma state” where they cannot combust to form CO2 and H2O compounds. Instead, they are forced to dissociate into atomic nuclei and electrons, providing the necessary conditions for nuclear reactions to occur. Only when the fossil fuel exits this plasma field can it undergo “combustion synthesis” and fully release the “combustion heat value” of the fossil fuel. After departing from this plasma field control, it can be ignited within a time frame of 10-1 to 102 microseconds (μs), which is approximately 1 to 3 orders of magnitude shorter than the ignition time of natural combustion. Notably, even if only 1% of deuterium in 1 NM3 of natural gas undergoes fusion, it can generate an energy of 39 MJ, surpassing the pure low heat value of 37.5 MJ obtained from the combustion of natural gas. The plasma-driven technology and application of the synergistic combustion of fossil fuels and nuclear-chemical energy can achieve the same thermal energy value while significantly conserving fossil fuels.
The alternating electromagnetic field in the present application is characterized by high energy efficiency, large plasma volume, and low gas flow rate, facilitating the release of nuclear energy.
The formula for the kinetic energy gained by a charged particle in an electric field is:
Table 1 displays the ionization energies (in eV) for all electrons of the first 9 elements in the periodic table.
By referring to the ionization energy data of the elements listed in table 1, it can be observed that the ionization energies of all the electrons of the first 9 elements in the periodic table are significantly lower than 6.487 keV (the kinetic energy obtained by deuterium nucleus in a 6,500 V electric field). This implies that in the range of 500V to 100 kV of the alternating non-uniform gradient electric field, these 9 elements are essentially fully ionized, exposing their atomic nuclei completely. In particular, isotopes such as deuterium and tritium, due to the multi-phase non-uniform gradient alternating electromagnetic field, provide the necessary conditions for high-speed collisions of atomic nuclei, thus enabling fusion reactions.
In some embodiments of the present application, the fossil fuel refers to a fluid comprising one or several mixtures of gaseous, liquid, and solid states.
In some embodiments of the present application, the combustion-supporting gas is air. As an alternative, the combustion-supporting gas may also be oxygen.
In some embodiments of the present application, the alternating electromagnetic field is formed by formed by the collaboration of a plasma power supply and electrodes. Specifically, the alternating electromagnetic field device used in the embodiments of the present application employs an oxygen flame composite plasma torch, as disclosed in the patent publication of CN114143950A. Therefore, the specific structure and source of the device are not further described in the present application.
In some embodiments of the present application, the plasma power supply is a single-phase plasma power supply or a multi-phase plasma power supply, thereby forming a single-phase electric field or a multiphase electric field.
A non-uniform gradient electric field is formed by multiple electrodes, thereby creating a recurring sliding arc field. The arc ignition starts from the closest point to the electrode, where the arc voltage is the lowest. With the injection of gas flow, the arc slides upward along the “track-type” electrode surface, gradually elongating the arc and increasing the arc voltage. When the arc reaches its maximum length, the arc voltage reaches the no-load voltage, and the arc extinguishes, followed by the generation of a new arc at the closest point of the electrode, repeating the cycle. Under the influence of high-frequency AC voltage, a new arc is often generated at the closest point of the electrode before the longest arc extinguishes, thereby forming a gradient electric field.
It should be noted that at the moment when the far end of sliding arc disappears, the output voltage of the plasma power source reaches its maximum, which is the no-load value of the power source. As the sliding arc is generated and propelled by low gas flow velocity along the “electrode surface track,” until the arc disappears, this “large volume three-dimensional plasma field” exhibits a non-uniform high-gradient electric potential field. Within this region, the fossil fuel and air (or oxygen) undergo ionization, exposing the atomic nuclei.
In some embodiments of the present application, the electrodes are made of alloys or metallic materials with high thermal conductivity and a melting point greater than 1000° C., such as copper and stainless steel. Metals with high melting points that are resistant to oxidation offer advantages of easy cooling and long lifespan.
In some embodiments of the present application, the electrode shape is one or more of the following: blade-shaped, curved tube expanding-diverging, spiral ascending, spherical, and ellipsoidal. The electrode structures in these shapes facilitate the generation of non-uniform and even distorted high-gradient alternating electromagnetic fields, which are conducive to the collision and fusion of charged atomic nuclei.
In some embodiments of the present application, the electrodes are hollow air-cooled electrodes or water-cooled electrodes.
In some embodiments of the present application, the alternating voltage of the alternating electromagnetic field ranges from 500V to 100 kV. The voltage level has an impact on the magnitude of the kinetic energy acquired by the charged atomic nuclei under the influence of the electric field. The magnitude of the kinetic energy is a critical factor in determining the success of atomic nucleus collisions in overcoming the potential barrier.
In some embodiments of the present application, the frequency of the alternating electromagnetic field ranges from 10 Hz to 20,000 Hz. The magnitude of the electrical frequency determines the reversal rate of oscillatory motion of energized atomic nuclei in the electromagnetic field. Combined with the non-uniform distorted alternating electric field, it further influences the” probability” of atomic nucleus collisions.
In some embodiments of the present application, the fossil fuel and combustion-supporting gas exhibit a residence time exceeding 1 microsecond within the non-uniform high-gradient distorted alternating electromagnetic field.
The determination of voltage and frequency for the alternating electromagnetic field is illustrated by
The equation above serves as the calculation basis for determining the kinetic energy of a charged particle in a uniform electric field. In the equation, E represents the kinetic energy, m denotes the mass of the charged particle, v represents the velocity of the charged particle, qH represents the charge of the particle, and U represents the voltage. In
Frequency refers to the number of repetitions within one second. In the context of electricity, the alternating frequency determines the frequency of the electric field's positive direction. This, in turn, determines the frequency of the force acting on positively charged atomic nuclei. The magnitude of this positive direction frequency determines the frequency at which atomic nuclei oscillate “back and forth”. During this oscillation, the nuclei undergo bremsstrahlung, releasing gamma rays. Additionally, the directional conversion of acceleration and deceleration at near-light speed levels occurs in different nuclei. In a non-uniform high-gradient distorted alternating electromagnetic field, atomic nuclei collide and, when they collide, trigger fusion reactions. For example, in a deuterium-deuterium reaction, the product is a helium nucleus. Since the mass of the helium nucleus is smaller than that of two deuterium nuclei, according to Einstein's mass-energy equation E=mc2, energy is released, known as nuclear energy. Therefore, the higher the electrical frequency, the higher the probability of nuclear fusion. However, excessively high frequencies result in limited range and reduced collision probability, leading to a decrease in nuclear fusion.
Further detailed descriptions of the features and performance of the present application will be provided below, in conjunction with specific embodiments.
A driving method for the synergistic combustion of fossil fuels, the working principle of which is illustrated in
In the present embodiment, a twelve-phase sliding arc gas plasma composite burner is used as illustrated in
A driving method for the synergistic combustion of fossil fuels comprises the following steps:
In the present embodiment, a three-phase sliding arc gas plasma composite burner is used as illustrated in
A driving method for the synergistic combustion of fossil fuels comprises the following steps:
In the present embodiment, a six-phase sliding arc gas plasma composite burner is used as illustrated in
Assuming that the composition of CH4 in natural gas is 100%, then in 1 NM3 of natural gas, there are 44.64 mol of CH4. Under the influence of plasma arc, complete dissociation of CH4 occurs, and the formation of plasma takes place.
CH4→C+4H
44.64 mol→44.64×4 mol
That means, in 1 NM3 of natural gas, there are 44.64×4×6.02×10{circumflex over ( )}23=1.07×1026 hydrogen atoms.
Calculated based on the abundance of D in natural hydrogen, U (D)=141.8×10−6 (approximately 1 in 7000),
In 1 NM3 of natural gas, there are approximately 1.07×1026×141.8×10−6=1.52×1022 D atoms.
Clearly, if 1% of the D atoms in 1 NM3 of natural gas undergo nuclear fusion, it would release thermal energy of 39.64 MJ
2D→5.216×10−13J
Note: the lower heating value LHV of 1 NM3 of natural gas is 36-40 MJ.
δ of Isotope: the per mil (%0) deviation of the isotope ratio in a sample relative to the isotope ratio of a standard material;
In the equation: Rsa represents the isotopic value in the sample; Rst standard represents the isotopic ratio in the standard material.
Hydrogen isotope deuterated methane δD CH4>−190% 0 in natural gas is defined as marine sedimentary deposits, while the opposite is defined as terrestrial sedimentary deposits. Deuterium is abundant in marine natural gas and methane. If carbon isotope of ethane in natural gas δ613C2≥−27% % it is defined as coal-type gas, or if δ613C<−28%, it is defined oil-type gas, with intermediate values defined as mixed sources.
δ613C of the carbon isotope of light (condensate) oil ranges from −32.5% 0 to −24.3% 0, which is relatively higher compared to normal crude oil (δ613C−34.4˜−24.6%). The hydrogen isotope of light (condensate) oil associated with marine environments δD>−150%, whereas δD of the hydrogen isotope of light (condensate) oil not associated with marine environments ranges from −210% % to −105% 0.
δD value of hydrogen isotope of coal ranges from −81% % to −161% 0, while the δ613C value of coal falls within the range of −25.37% % to −23.44% 0 (Huainan Zhangji coal mine).
That means fossil fuels naturally contain isotopes of deuterium (a hydrogen isotope) and carbon, which form the basis of nuclear fusion.
Based on aforementioned, Fossil fuels contain small amounts of deuterium, tritium and other light nuclear isotopes. In a specific electromagnetic field ranging from 500V to 25,000V, light nuclei undergo fusion collisions, releasing nuclear energy. In this plasma field, both the fossil fuel and air components dissociate, exposing atomic nuclei, and entering a “deep plasma state” where they cannot combust to form CO2 and H2O compounds. Instead, they are forced to dissociate into atomic nuclei and electrons, providing the necessary conditions for nuclear reactions to occur. Only when the fossil fuel exits this plasma field can it undergo “combustion synthesis” and fully release the “combustion heat value” of the fossil fuel. After departing from this plasma field control, it can be ignited within a time frame of 10-1 to 102 microseconds (μs), which is approximately 1 to 3 orders of magnitude shorter than the ignition time of natural combustion. Notably, even if only 1% of deuterium in 1 NM3 of natural gas undergoes fusion, it can generate an energy of 39 MJ, surpassing the pure low heat value of 37.5 MJ obtained from the combustion of natural gas. The plasma-driven technology and application of the synergistic combustion of fossil fuels and nuclear-chemical energy can achieve the same thermal energy value while significantly conserving fossil fuels.
The aforementioned embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of them. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments disclosed in this application, all other embodiments that ordinary skilled persons can obtain without exercising inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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202210569649.X | May 2022 | CN | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/CN2023/094104 | 5/15/2023 | WO |