Patent Grant
6920829
This invention relates generally to center beam rail road cars, and, in particular, to center beam cars having a depressed deck portion between a pair of rail car trucks.
Center beam rail road cars, in cross-section, generally have a rack-like body, namely a center beam structure in the shape of an I in which the top flange is narrower than the bottom flange. The center beam structure is carried on a pair of rail car trucks. The rack, or center beam structure, has a pair of bulkheads at either longitudinal end that extend transversely to the rolling direction of the car. The lading supporting structure of the beam includes laterally extending decking mounted above, and spanning the space between, the trucks. A center beam web structure, typically in the nature of an open frame truss for carrying vertical shear loads, stands upright from the deck and runs along the longitudinal centerline of the car between the end bulkheads. This kind of webwork structure can be constructed from an array of parallel uprights and appropriate diagonal bracing. Most often, a top truss assembly is mounted on top of the vertical web and extends laterally to either side of the centerline of the car. The top truss is part of an upper beam assembly, (that is, the upper or top flange end of the center beam) and is usually manufactured as a wide flange, or wide flange-simulating truss, both to co-operate with the center sill to resist vertical bending, and also to resist bending due to horizontal loading of the car while travelling on a curve. Typically, a center sill extends the length of the car. The center beam thus formed is conceptually a deep girder beam whose bottom flange is the center sill, and whose top flange is the top truss (or analogous structure) of the car.
Center beam cars are commonly used to transport packaged bundles of lumber, although other loads such as pipe, steel, engineered wood products, or other goods can also be carried. The space above the decking and below the lateral wings of the top truss on each side of the vertical web of the center beam forms left and right bunks upon which bundles of wood can be loaded. The base of the bunk generally includes risers that are mounted to slant inward, and the vertical web of the center beam is generally tapered from bottom to top, such that when the bundles are stacked, the overall stack leans inward toward the longitudinal centerline of the car.
Lading is most typically secured in place using straps or cables. Generally, the straps extend from a winch device mounted at deck level, upward outside the bundles, to a top fitting. The top fitting can be located at one of several intermediate heights for partially loaded cars. Most typically, the cars are fully loaded and the strap terminates at a fitting mounted to the outboard wing of the upper beam assembly. Inasmuch as the upper beam assembly is narrower than the bundles, when the strap is drawn taut by tightening the winch, it binds on the upper outer corner of the topmost bundle and exerts a force inwardly and downwardly, tending thereby to hold the stack in place tight against the center beam web.
Each bundle typically contains a number of pieces of lumber, commonly the nominal 2″×4″, 2″×6″, 2″×8″ or other standard size. The lengths of the bundles vary, typically ranging from 8′ to 24′, in 2′ increments. The most common bundle size is nominally 32 inches deep by 49 inches wide, although 24 inch deep bundles are also used, and 16 inch deep bundles can be used, although these latter are generally less common. A 32 inch nominal bundle may contain stacks of 21 boards, each 1-½ inch thick, making 31-½ inches, and may include a further 1-½ inches of dunnage for a total of 33 inches. The bundles are loaded such that the longitudinal axes of the boards are parallel to the longitudinal, or rolling, axis of the car generally. The bundles are often wrapped in a plastic sheeting to provide some protection from rain and snow, and also to discourage embedment of abrasive materials such as sand, in the boards. The bundles are stacked on the car bunks with the dunnage located between the bundles such that a fork-lift can be used for loading and unloading. For bundles of kiln dried softwood lumber the loading density is taken as 1600 to 2000 Lbs. per 1000 board-feet.
It has been observed that when the straps are tightened, the innermost, uppermost boards of the topmost bundle bear the greatest portion of the lateral reaction force against the center beam due to the tension in the straps or cables. It has also been observed that when these bundles bear against the vertical posts of the center beam, the force is borne over only a small area. As the car travels, it is subject to vibration and longitudinal inertia loads. Consequently the plastic sheeting may tend to be torn or damaged in the vicinity of the vertical posts, and the innermost, uppermost boards can be damaged. The physical damage to these boards may tend to make them less readily saleable. Further, whether or not the boards are damaged, if the plastic is ripped, moisture can collect inside the sheeting. This may lead to the growth of molds, and may cause discolouration of the boards. In some markets the aesthetic appearance of the wood is critical to its saleability, and it would be advantageous to avoid this discolouration.
In part, the difficulty arises because the bearing area may be too small. Further, the join between the upstanding web portion of the center beam and the upper beam assembly can coincide with the height of the topmost boards. This join is not always smooth. Further still, when the posts are fabricated the flanges may not stand perfectly perpendicular to the web, such that one edge of the flange may bear harder against the bundles than another.
It is also desirable that the bundles stack squarely one upon another. Although it is possible to use wooden battens at the top end of the center beam web, this will tend to cause the top bundle to sit outwardly of its neighbours. It has been observed that a thin wooden batten, of ¾″ thickness may tend to bow inwardly between adjacent posts, and may not spread the wear load as much as may be desired. A 1-½ inch thick wooden batten may have a greater ability to resist this bowing effect. However, the space available for employing a batten may tend to be limited by the design envelope of the car. Inasmuch as it is advantageous to load the car as fully as possible, and given that the design of the car may usually reflect a desire to maximize loading within the permissible operational envelope according to the applicable AAR standard, the use of a relatively thick wooden batten may tend to push the outside edge of the top bundle outside the permissible operational envelope. Wooden battens may also be prone to rotting if subject to excessive exposure to moisture, or may be consumable wear items that may require relatively frequent periodic replacement.
It would be desirable to have an upper beam assembly that is integrated into the structure, that is formed to spread the bearing load across a larger area, that would tend to resist the bowing phenomenon, that would tend not to require frequent replacement, and that would tend not to be prone to rotting.
Existing center beam cars tend to have been made to fall within the car design envelope, or outline, of the American Association of Railroads standard AAR Plate C, and tend to have a flat main deck that runs at the level of the top of the main bolsters at either end of the car. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,951,575, of Dominguez et al., issued Aug. 28, 1990, a center beam car is shown that falls within the design envelope of plate C, and also has a depressed center deck between the car trucks. It would be advantageous to be able to operate center beam cars that exceed Plate C and fall within AAR Plate F, with a full load of lumber in bundles stacked 5 bundles high. A five bundle high load of 33 inch bundles requires a vertical clearance in the left and right hand bunks of at least 165 inches. This significantly exceeds the vertical loading envelope of a plate C car.
Increased vertical loading to exceed Plate C, as in a Plate F car, may tend also to increase the height of the center of gravity of a loaded car above the allowable vertical center of gravity height limit of 98 inches measured from top-of-rail (TOR). Consequently it may be desired to drop the center portion of the deck further to once again lower the center of gravity. However, as the deck is dropped further, the deck must also become narrower to remain within the AAR design envelope, whether of Plate C or Plate F. Further still, when the truck centers of the car exceed 46 ft. 3 in., the mid-span car width must be reduced due to swing out as the car travels through corners. That is, the car must lie within the design envelope of a 10′-8″ wide car with 46′-3″ truck centers, on a 13° curve (equivalent to a track center radius of 441.7 ft.).
As the allowable car width becomes narrower, either due to increasing the truck centers beyond 46 ft. 3 in., or due to lowering the height of the decking, it is highly desirable to retain as much of the remaining lateral width as possible to support the bundles. Moreover, it has become desirable to provide a bunk width sufficient to carry 51 inch wide bundles, as well as 49 inch wide bundles. In the past, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,951,575 winches have been installed outboard of the side sills at longitudinal stations corresponding to the longitudinal stations of the outboard ends of the cross bearers. These winches are used to cinch the strapping that is used to secure the load to the center beam top compression member wings, or, in the case of a partially loaded car, to the center beam main vertical web assembly. The winches tend to extend further laterally outboard, relative to the longitudinal centerline, than any other part of the car. Given the inwardly angled profile of the lower portions of the Plate C and Plate F envelopes, each incremental decrease in overall car width measured from the centerline to the outboard extremity of the winch permits an incremental lowering of the loaded center of gravity of the car. Consequently, it is advantageous to make the winch mounting as laterally compact as possible.
In known center beam cars, such as those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,951,575 and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,802,420 of Butcher et al., issued Feb. 7, 1989, the deck structure of the cars has included inwardly tapering risers mounted above the cross bearers, with longitudinally extending side sills running along the ends of the cross-bearers. The side sills have been angle or channel sections. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,951,575 the side sills are z-sections with the upper leg of the Z extending outward, the lower leg extending inward, and the web between the two legs running vertically. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,802,420 of Butcher et al., the side sill is a channel section, with the legs extending laterally outward and the web, being the back of the channel, extending vertically between the two legs. In both cases the winch is mounted outward of the vertical web.
In center beam cars it is desirable that the main center sill be aligned with the couplers to reduce or avoid eccentric draft or buff loads from being transmitted. In dealing with lateral loads, the side sills act as opposed flanges of a beam. The loads in the side sills, whether in tension, compression, vertical shear or lateral bending, tend to be transferred to the main sill through a main bolster assembly at each end of the car. In general the bolster is located at a level corresponding to the height of the main sill, and the shear plate, if one is used, is typically at a level corresponding to the level of the upper flange of the main sill.
It is desirable to have a well deck, also called a depressed center deck or dropped deck, between the trucks, to increase the load that can be carried, and so to increase the overall ratio of loaded weight to empty weight of the car, and also to reduce the height of the center of gravity of the car when loaded, as compared to a car having a flat, straight-through deck from end to end carrying the same load. In the case of a well deck, compression and tension loads in the side sills must be carried from the level of the side sills in the well, to the level of the side sills over the trucks, and then through the bolster structure and into the main sill. The transmission of forces through the vertical distance of the eccentricity of the rise in the side sills from the well to the bolster results in the generation of a moment. When the side sill has a knee at the transition from the well to the end structure of the car, the height of the knee defines the arm of the moment. It is advantageous not to create an unnecessarily large moment couple, and hence to keep the knee height small.
The coupler height of rail road cars is 34½″ above top of rail (TOR). This is a standard height to permit interchangeable use of various types of rail cars. The main sill, or stub sill if used, tends to have a hollow box or channel section, the hollow acting as a socket into which the coupler is mounted. The minimum height of the main sill at the trucks (or stub sill, if one is used) and end structure bolsters tends to be determined by the coupler height, and the height required to clear the wheels. The height of the well deck is limited by the design envelope, be it Plate C, Plate F, or some other. In general, however, the height of the shear plate, or top flange of the bolster, to the well decking is less than the desired 33 inch bundle height. It is desirable for the top of the first layer of bundles stacked in the well to be at a height that permits the next layer of bundles to match the height of bundles stacked over the trucks. Consequently it would be advantageous to have a false deck, or staging, mounted above the shear plate, or if there is no end structure shear plate, then above the bolster, at a level to match the level of the top of the bundles carried in the well between the trucks.
One way to reduce the stress concentration at the knee is to make the side sill section of the end portion of the sill deeper. Another way to reduce the stress concentration at the knee is to make the knee member wider. On the longitudinally inwardly facing side of the knee (that is, the side oriented toward the lading in the well) the flange of the vertical leg of the knee may tend to extend perpendicularly. On the longitudinally outboard side, that is, the side facing the truck, the longitudinally outboard flange can be angled, or swept, resulting in a tapering leg, rather than one with parallel flanges. An increase in the section width, due to tapering the longitudinally outboard flange is desirable, as it permits a reduction in the stress concentration in the side sill assembly at the knee, and tends to provide greater truck clearance.
It may also be desirable or advantageous to be able to adjust the height of the structure over the bolster under circumstances where loads other than 33 inch bundles of lumber are carried, either by raising or lowering the staging to a different height, or lowering or removing it altogether such that the load is borne through the bolster and shear plate structure.
In an aspect of the invention there is a center beam railroad car having a longitudinal centerline. The railroad car is supported by rail car trucks at either end thereof. The railroad car comprises a cargo support structure borne between the trucks, upon which cargo can be carried. There is a web work assembly including an array of posts mounted along the longitudinal centerline of the rail road car. The array extends upwardly of the cargo support structure, and the array is braced longitudinally. An upper beam assembly surmounts the web work assembly. The upper beam assembly has cantilevered wings extending laterally of the longitudinal centerline. The railroad car has a load limit height defined at a level measured upwardly from the cargo support structure, and has a nominal load height that is equal to the largest integer multiple of 33 inches that is less than the load limit height. The web work assembly has at least one skirt member mounted thereto to define a longitudinally extending face against which loads placed laterally outward thereof can bear. The skirt member extends from a first height that is at least as high as the nominal load height to a second height that is at least as low as a height that is six inches below the nominal load height.
In another aspect of the invention there is a center beam car having a longitudinal centerline. The center beam car is supported by rail car trucks at either end thereof. The center beam rail car has a center sill extending between the trucks. There is a decking structure extending laterally of the center sill upon which loads can be placed. An open truss structure extends upwardly from the center sill. An upper beam assembly is mounted upon the open truss structure. The upper beam structure includes laterally extending wing portions and a vertical stem portion. The stem portion is mounted to the open truss structure at a joining interface, and the laterally extending wing portions are mounted to the stem. The stem includes a pair of longitudinally extending, laterally spaced apart, skirt members. The skirt members each have an outwardly facing surface against which cargo placed laterally outboard thereof can bear. The center beam car has an upper load limit height defined at a level between the decking structure and the laterally extending wings. The skirts are located to overlap the load limit height. The outside lateral dimension of the stem matches the overall outside dimension of the open truss structure at the joining interface.
In another aspect of the invention there is a center beam car having a longitudinal centerline. The center beam car is supported by rail car trucks at either end thereof. The center beam railroad car has a center sill extending between the trucks, a decking structure extending laterally of the center sill upon which loads can be placed, an open truss structure extending upwardly from the center sill and an upper beam assembly mounted upon the open truss structure. The upper beam structure includes laterally extending wing portions. The open truss structure has a pair of longitudinally extending, laterally spaced apart, skirt members mounted thereto. The skirt members each have an outwardly facing surface against which cargo placed laterally outboard thereof can bear. The center beam car has an upper load limit height defined at a level between the decking structure and the laterally extending wings. The skirts are located to overlap the load limit height. The skirts have at least one reinforcement mounted laterally inboard thereof to discourage lateral deflection of the faces when cargo placed laterally outward thereof bears against the skirts.
In a further aspect of the invention, there is a rail road car having a longitudinal centerline. It comprises a pair of rail car trucks and a center beam assembly carried thereupon. The center beam assembly has a lower flange assembly, an upper flange assembly, and a web assembly extending between the upper and lower flange assemblies. The web assembly has a plurality of upwardly extending posts. The posts have a lower region and an upper region. The web assembly has a non-consumable skirt mounted to the upper region of the posts. The skirt presents a bearing surface. The bearing surface faces laterally outward relative to the longitudinal centerline of the rail road car. Cargo can bear against the bearing surface.
In another aspect of the invention there is a center beam rail road car having a center beam car body mounted on a pair of first and second spaced apart rail car trucks. The body has a deck structure and a central vertical web assembly running along the car. The vertical web assembly extends upwardly of the deck structure. A top truss assembly surmounts the vertical web assembly. The deck structure includes first and second end decking portions mounted over the respective first and second trucks, and a medial decking portion lying between the trucks. The medial decking portion is stepped downward relative to the first and second end decking portions. The top truss assembly is mounted at a height exceeding AAR Plate C.
In an additional feature, the body has a bunk defined between the deck structure and the top truss. The bunk has a loading height measured between the medial decking portion and the top truss that is at least 165 inches. In another additional feature, the car has a center sill. The deck structure is supported thereby. The web assembly includes an array of posts extending upwardly from the main sill and has an upper region adjacent to the top truss and a lower region adjacent to the decking structure. The upper region of the web assembly has at least one longitudinally extending skirt against which lading can be placed.
In still another additional feature, the car has a center sill. The deck structure is supported thereby. The web assembly includes an array of posts extending upwardly from the main sill and has a lower region adjacent to the decking structure and an upper region distant therefrom. The car has an upper beam assembly. The upper beam assembly includes the top truss and a beam stem. The top truss is mounted upon the beam stem and the beam stem is mounted to the upper region of the web assembly. The beam stem includes at least one longitudinally extending skirt against which lading can be placed.
In yet another additional feature, the medial decking portion lying between the two trucks is at least 28′-0″ long. In a further additional feature, the medial decking portion lying between the two trucks is at least 40′-0″ long.
In another additional feature, the end decking portions and the medial decking portion each have a load bearing interface, and the load bearing interface of the end decking portions is stepped upwardly relative to the load bearing interface of the medial decking portion a distance of at least 30 inches. In still another additional feature, at least one of the end decking portions has staging mounted thereon to define a load bearing interface spaced upwardly of at least one end decking portion. In yet another additional feature, the staging is moveable to a storage position. In an additional feature, the car has a pair of side sills extending along the deck structure. The side sills each have a medial side sill portion mounted to the medial decking portion. The medial side sill portion has a first depth of section. The side sills each have end side sill portions mounted to the end decking structures. The end side sill portions have a second depth of section. The first depth of section is less than the second depth of section.
In still another additional feature, the end decking portions include lading support structure mounted thereon defining an end section lading interface. The end section lading interface lies at a height greater than 42 inches above top of rail. In yet another additional feature, the car has a pair of side sills extending along the deck structure. The side sills each have a medial side sill portion mounted to the medial decking portion. The medial side sill portion has a first depth of section. The side sills each have end side sill portions mounted to the end decking structures. The end side sill portions have a second depth of section. The first depth of section is less than the second depth of section.
In still yet another additional feature, the car has a pair of side sills extending along the deck structure. The side sills each have a side sill medial portion mounted to the medial decking portion. The medial side sill portion has a first depth of section. The side sills each have side sill end portions mounted to the end decking structures. The side sill end portions have a second depth of section. Each of the side sills has a knee joining the side sill medial portion to each of the side sill end portions. Each knee has a longitudinally inboard flange, a longitudinally outboard flange, and webbing extending therebetween. The longitudinally outboard flange has a lower extremity and an upper extremity. The lower extremity lies at a longitudinally inboard station relative to the upper extremity.
In another additional feature, the car has a pair of side sills extending along the deck structure. The side sills each have a medial side sill portion mounted to the medial decking portion. The side sills each have end side sill portions mounted to the end decking structures. The medial side sill portion has a medial portion side sill web extending from a first edge to a second edge. The first edge lies at a greater height than the second edge, and the first edge lies a further distance transversely outboard than the second edge. In yet another additional feature, the medial decking portion has at least one lading securement apparatus mounted to the medial portion side sill web.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a center beam rail road car having a longitudinal centerline and a pair of ends. The rail road car is supported by rail car trucks at either end thereof. The rail road car has a cargo support structure borne between the trucks, upon which cargo can be carried. The cargo support structure includes a pair of first and second end structures each mounted over a respective one of the trucks, and a medial structure mounted between the trucks. The medial structure is stepped downwardly relative to the end structures. A web assembly includes an array of spaced apart posts mounted at intervals along the longitudinal centerline of the rail road car. The array extends upwardly of the cargo support structure. An upper beam assembly surmounts the web assembly. The upper beam assembly has cantilevered wings extending laterally of the longitudinal centerline. The railroad car has a load limit height defined at a level measured upwardly from the medial structure, and having a nominal load height that is at least as great as the largest integer multiple of 33 inches that is less than the load limit height. The web assembly has at least one skirt member against which loads placed laterally outward thereof can bear. The skirt member extends between a first height and a second height straddling the nominal load height.
In an additional feature of this aspect of the invention, the skirt extends a longitudinal distance corresponding to at least one of the intervals. In another additional feature, the first height is at least as great as the load limit height, and the second height is at least 6 inches below the nominal load height.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a center beam rail road car having a center beam car body mounted on a pair of first and second spaced apart rail car trucks. The body has a deck structure and a central vertical web assembly running along the car. The vertical web assembly extends upwardly of the deck structure. A top truss assembly surmounts the vertical web assembly. The deck structure includes first and second end decking portions mounted over the respective first and second trucks. The first and second end decking portions have structural members presenting respective first and second end portion load bearing interfaces, and a medial decking portion lying between the trucks. The medial decking portion has at least one member presenting a medial load bearing interface. The medial load bearing interface is stepped downward relative to the first portion load bearing interface through a step distance. The step distance is greater than 30 inches.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a center beam rail road car having a center beam car body mounted on a pair of first and second spaced apart rail car trucks. The body has a deck structure and a central vertical web assembly running along the car between the ends. The vertical web assembly extends upwardly of the deck structure. A top truss assembly surmounts the vertical web assembly. The deck structure includes first and second end decking portions mounted over the respective first and second trucks and a medial decking portion lying between the trucks. The medial decking portion is stepped downward relative to the first and second end decking portions. At least one of the first and second end deck portions has staging mounted thereupon. The staging has a load support member spaced upwardly of at least one first and second end deck portions.
In another aspect of the invention there is a center beam rail road car having a center beam car body mounted on a pair of first and second spaced apart rail car trucks. The body has a deck structure and a central vertical web assembly running along the car between the ends. The vertical web assembly extends upwardly of the deck structure. A top truss assembly surmounts the vertical web assembly. The deck structure includes first and second end decking portions mounted over the respective first and second trucks. A medial decking portion lies between the trucks. The medial decking portion is stepped downwardly relative to the first and second end decking portions. The deck structure has laterally outboard side sills running therealong. Each of the side sills has first and second end decking side sill portions mounted to respective ones of the first and second end decks, and a medial side sill portion mounted to the medial deck portion. The medial deck portion is joined to the end deck portions by knee braces. Each of the knee braces has a longitudinally inboard flange adjacent to the medial portion. The inboard flange extends vertically and each of the knee braces has a longitudinally outboard flange. The longitudinally outboard flange extends from a lower portion thereof lying at a first height relative to top of rail, to an upper portion thereof lying at a second, greater, height relative to top of rail. The upper portion lies further from the longitudinally inboard flange than the lower portion.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a center beam rail road car having a center beam car body mounted on a pair of first and second spaced apart rail car trucks. The body has a deck structure and a central vertical web assembly running along the car. The vertical web assembly extends upwardly of the deck structure. A top truss assembly surmounts the vertical web assembly. The deck structure includes first and second end decking portions mounted over the respective first and second trucks, and a medial decking portion lying between the trucks. The medial decking portion is stepped downward relative to the first and second end decking portions. The medial decking portion has a pair of medial decking side sills mounted therealong. Each of the side sills has a web. The web has an upper edge and a lower edge. The upper edge lies further outboard than the lower edge. In an additional feature, the medial decking side sill has a load securing device mounted transversely outboard thereof.
In another additional feature, at least one of the end decking portions has an end decking side sill. The end decking side sill has a web. The end decking side sill web has an upper edge and a lower edge, and the upper edge of the end decking side sill web lies further outboard than the inner edge thereof.
In another additional feature, the medial decking side sill portion is inclined at a first angle relative to the vertical, and the end decking side sill web is inclined at a second angle relative to the vertical. The first angle is greater than the second angle. In still another additional feature, the end decking side sill web has a load securing device mounted transversely outboard thereof.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a center beam rail road car having a center beam car body mounted on a pair of first and second spaced apart rail car trucks. The body has a deck structure and a vertical web assembly running along the car. The vertical web assembly extends upwardly of the deck structure. A top truss assembly surmounts the vertical web assembly. The deck structure includes first and second end decking portions mounted over the respective first and second trucks, and a medial decking portion lies between the trucks. The medial decking portion is stepped downward relative to the first and second end decking portions. The medial decking portion has a pair of medial decking side sills mounted therealong. At least one of the end decking portions has a pair of end decking side sills mounted therealong. The end decking side sills have a greater depth of section than the medial decking side sills.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a center beam rail road car having a center beam car body mounted on a pair of first and second spaced apart rail car trucks. The body has a center sill and a deck structure extending outboard of the center sill. A vertical web assembly runs along the car. The vertical web assembly extends upwardly of the center sill structure. A top truss assembly surmounts the vertical web assembly. The top truss lies at a height exceeding AAR Plate C. The deck structure includes first and second end decking portions mounted over the respective first and second trucks. A medial decking portion lies between the trucks. The medial decking portion is stepped downward relative to the first and second end decking portions. At least one of the end decking portions has a cargo support interface lying at a level greater than 42 inches above top of rail.
In another aspect of the invention, there is a center beam rail road car having a center beam car body mounted on a pair of first and second spaced apart rail car trucks. The body has a center sill having an upper flange and a lower flange. A deck structure extends outboard of the center sill. A vertical web assembly runs along the car. The vertical web assembly extends upwardly of the center sill structure. A top truss assembly surmounts the vertical web assembly. The top truss lies at a height exceeding AAR Plate C. The deck structure includes first and second end decking portions mounted over the respective first and second trucks, and a medial decking portion lying between the trucks. The medial decking portion is stepped downward relative to the first and second end decking portions. At least one of the end decking portions has a cargo support interface lying at a greater height than the upper flange of the center sill.
a shows a side view of a center beam rail road car similar to the center beam car of
b shows an alternate configuration of car to that shown in
c shows an alternate configuration of car to that shown in
d shows an alternate configuration of car to that shown in
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f shows an alternate configuration of car to that shown in
g shows a side view of one half of an alternate center beam rail road car to the center beam rail road car of
a shows a perspective view of a detail of a deck transition section of the center beam car of
b shows an alternative to the transition section of
c shows an alternative, removable, load supporting structure for an end section of a center beam car otherwise similar to the rail car of
d shows an alternative, collapsible load supporting structure for an end section of a center beam railroad car similar to the car of
e shows an isometric view of a detail of a deck transition of the center beam rail road car of
a shows a half-section of the car of
b shows a half-section of the car of
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d shows a cross-section of an end deck taken on section ‘4d—4d’looking toward the main bolster of the car of
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The description which follows, and the embodiments described therein, are provided by way of illustration of an example, or examples of particular embodiments of the principles of the present invention. These examples are provided for the purposes of explanation, and not of limitation, of those principles and of the invention. In the description which follows, like parts are marked throughout the specification and the drawings with the same respective reference numerals. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and in some instances proportions may have been exaggerated in order more clearly to depict certain features of the invention.
A center beam railroad car is indicated in
The structure of a center beam car is analogous to a deep beam having a tall central structure to approximate the web of a beam, or a web-like structure or truss assembly, a wide flange at the bottom, and a wide flange at the top. In the case of car 20, the central web assembly is indicated generally as 30 and runs in the longitudinal direction (that is, the rolling direction of the car), the top flange function is served by a top truss assembly 32, and the lower flange function is performed by an assembly that includes a lateral support structure 34, in the nature of a deck, or frame, or staging upon which cargo can be placed, and that extends laterally outward to either side of a main center sill 36, and main center sill 36 itself Lateral support structure 34 generally includes deck structure 26, and its outboard left and right hand side sills 42 and 44.
It will be appreciated that aside from fittings such as hand grabs, ladders, brake fittings, and couplers, the structure of car 20 is symmetrical about the longitudinal plane of symmetry 24, and also about a transverse plane of symmetry 31 at the mid-length station of the car. In that light, a structural description of one half of the car will also serve to describe the other half. The features of car 20 thus enumerated are basic structural features of a center beam car having a depressed center deck.
In detail, main center sill 36, is a fabricated steel box beam that extends longitudinally along centerline 25 of car 20 throughout its length, having couplers 38 mounted at either end. Cross bearers 40 extend outwardly from center sill 36 to terminate at a pair of longitudinal left and right hand side sills 42, 44 that also run the length of the car. In the various embodiments of rail cars shown herein, cross-bearers are indicated as item 40 and cross-ties are indicated as item 39. These cross bearers and cross ties extend laterally outward from center still 36 on approximately 4 ft centers. Decking 46 is mounted to extend between cross-bearers 40, and cross-ties 39 providing a shear connection between adjacent cross-bearers when side loads are imposed on the car. Structural members in the nature of tapered risers 48 are mounted above the cross-bearers to form the base of a bunk for carrying loads. Risers 48 are tapered so that loads stacked thereupon will tend to lean inwardly toward the center-line of car 20. The upper surfaces of risers 48 define respective end decking portion and medial decking portion load-bearing interfaces. The combined structure of center sill 20, cross-bearers 40, and side sills 42, 44 and decking 46 provides a wide, lower beam or lower flange assembly extending laterally outward from the longitudinal centerline of car 20.
As noted above, deck structure 26 has a first end portion, namely end deck portion 27, a second end deck portion, namely end deck portion 28, and a medial deck portion 29. At each of the transitions from either end deck portion 27 or 28 to medial deck portion 29 there is a knee, indicated as either 47 or 49. Not only is deck structure 26 stepped in this manner, but so too are side sills 42 and 44, each having end members 41, 43, and a medial span member 45.
At either end of car 20 there are vertically upstanding fore and aft end bulkheads 50 and 52 which extend from side to side, perpendicular to the central longitudinal plane 24 of car 20. Running the full length of car 20 between end bulkheads 50 and 52 is an array 54 of upright posts 56, 57. Array 54 is reinforced by diagonal braces 58, 59, that provide a shear path for vertical loads.
The array 54 of posts 56, 57 is surmounted by an upper beam assembly 60 and deep beam top chord assembly 62. An open framework top truss 64 is mounted atop deep beam top chord assembly 62. Truss 64 has lateral wings 65 and 67 that are mounted to extend outboard from the central plane of car 20 in a cantilevered manner. Truss 64 has longitudinal stringers 66, cross members 68 and shear plates 69.
As indicated in
In
In all of cars 70, 83, 85, 90, 92 and 94, staging, in the nature of false floors 96, 98 is carried above the respective end deck portions. This staging is offset from the lading supporting structure of medial deck portion 29 by a height increment indicated as 8 (
a and 4b are half sectional views of center beam railroad car 70 taken, respectively, at cross-tie 39 of end deck portion 27 looking inboard parallel to centerline 25, and at mid-span of medial deck portion 29, looking toward the nearest adjacent cross-bearer 40. The outline of AAR Plate F is indicated generally as ‘F’. A main center sill is indicated, as above, as 36. It has an upper horizontal member in the nature of upper main flange 102, and a pair of spaced apart vertical shear carrying members in the nature of left and right hand main sill webs 103, 104, thus forming three sides of a box. The fourth side of the box is formed by a lower horizontal member, in the nature of a main sill lower flange 106. Lower flange 106 has an end portion, running along the outboard portion of main sill 36, in a manner similar to a stub sill, indicated in
As seen in
As seen in
Web 114 has left and right hand tapered portions 117, 118, and a continuous lower flange 120 that follows the profile of the lower edge of portions 117, 118. Longitudinal gussets 122,123 are placed between adjacent cross-bearers 112 to encourage the maintenance of parallelism between adjacent webs 114. Each upper flange 115, 116 of each cross bearer 112 has mounted on it a riser 124 that is tapered in profile, being shallowest closest to the car centerline 25, and deepest at its outboard extremity so that lading borne thereon will tend to have an inward slant. The ends of upper flanges 115, 116 and lower flange 120 are flared and radiused to meet the inner face of longitudinally extending medial side sill portion 126. The upper flange 130-of side sill portion 126 lies flush, and co-planar with, upper flange 115, (or 116 as may be), the outboard end of riser 124 overlying side sill flange 130. Those portions of flange 110, flange 115 (or 116) and flange 130 that remain exposed provide a peripheral lap surface upon which floor sheets 127, 128 can be welded, providing a shear connection between those elements.
As best seen in
The construction of end deck portion 28 (or 27), is shown in
In
A staging assembly, in the nature of a false floor is indicated generally as 170. It includes lateral vertical web members in the nature of false floor webs 174, 176, 178 (
Knee 47 is located at the transition, or step, between end portion 28 and medial deck portion 29. Knee 47 is located at a mid-bay longitudinal station between the longitudinal stations of formed post 206 and fabricated post 208. A laterally extending, generally horizontal transition flange 210 extends flush with, and between, main sill lower flange 107 and side sill medial portion upper flange 102. At the same longitudinal station, a side sill end portion stiffener, in the nature of a rectangular tube 216, is mounted to extend between center main sill 36 and the inboard end of side sill end portion 152. A vertical wall member, in the nature of a well bulkhead sheet 220 is mounted to extend vertically upward from transition flange 210, past the inboard end of side sill end portion 152 and rectangular tube 216, up to the level of false floor sheet 188. Sheet 220 terminates at its upward end in a formed flange 222, which overlaps, and is welded to, sheet 188. An inner tapered gusset 226 is located at the longitudinal station of transition flange 210 and extends between the inner face of medial side sill portion and the underside of transition flange 210. Similarly, at the same longitudinal station, a side sill gusset 230 reinforces the section of side sill portion 126.
As viewed from the side of car 70 as illustrated in
An alternative embodiment of end deck structure is shown in
In place of diagonal, angled flange 234, knee 270 has an inclined flange 272 that boxes in the end of medial side sill portion 274 and meets lower flange 254 of end section 252. Web 258 of side sill end section 252 has a knee, and a web stiffener 278 is run across the corner between upper and lower flanges 256, and 254. A boxed end stiffener 280 is used in place of rectangular tube 216, and a web 282 fills the space between well bulkhead sheet 220, side sill medial portion upper flange 130, inclined flange 272, and web stiffener 278. Web 258 and web 282 are portions of a single, monolithic port. As in the embodiment of
In
In the further alternative embodiment of
In
Side sills 376 and 378 extend along the outboard ends of cross-bearers 368. Side sills 376 and 378 have end portions 380 and 382, and medial portions 384 (
As above, the dropped deck portion of the deck ends at left and right hand knees, indicated as 392, 394. Other than being of opposite hands, they are of identical construction. The medial portion of the side sills, 384, has been described above. The end portions 380 and 382 are formed from deep wide flanged beams. As noted above, the depth of the beam is determined at the lower flange by the height required to give adequate clearance over the wheels when the car is fully loaded and cornering, and the upper height limit of the upper flange is determined by the 33N″ height increment at the step in the deck at knees 392 and 394. Notably, there is no false floor. End portions 380 and 382 terminate, at their inboard ends at knees 392 and 394, at a corner, 400, that is enclosed with an angled end gusset 402 running on the diagonal between the upper and lower flanges of end portion 380 or 382, as the case may be.
The upright portion, 404 of side sills 376 and 378, have a front flange member 406 facing the well, a rear facing flange member 408 facing the adjacent truck, an irregular quadrilateral upper web portion 410 and a lower web portion 412. Front flange member 406 is a substantially flat metal plate, and is mounted in a vertical plane. The metal plate is trimmed to provide smoothly radiused transitions to mate with an upper cross member 414, a medial cross member 416, and a bottom cross member 418. At its lower extremity front flange member 406 has a sill engagement fitting, or seat, in the nature of a hook-shaped cut-out conforming to the inward profile of medial side sill member 384. That is, the upper edge of the cut-out conforms to the top flange of the medial side sill portion, the outboard edge of the inwardly curving leg 422 conforms to the back, or web, of the medial side sill portion, and the smoothly curved toe 424 conforms to the bottom flange of the medial side sill. A gusset 426 seats within medial side sill portion 384, in the plane of front facing flange member 406, completing the section.
Rear facing flange member 408 is made from a bent plate cut to the desired profile. An upper leg 428 of member 408 runs downwardly from the end of the lower flange 427 of end side sill portion 380 (or 382) on an angle along the edge of quadrilateral web portion 410. It bends downward into a lower leg 430 lying in a vertical plane at the longitudinal station of the end of the medial portion 384. Member 408 also has an inwardly tending leg 432 cut to a similar profile to leg 422 and toe 424, although having greater width when seen perpendicular to the vertically extending plane. A gusset 434 seats within the end section of side sill medial section 384 in the plane of leg 432, in a manner similar to gusset 426.
Lower cross-member 418 is an angle iron having one leg 436 trimmed to lie in a vertical plane, perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline of car 350, between side web 360 (or 361) of main sill 356 and the trimmed transition of front flange member 406. The other leg 435 of member 418 is trimmed to lie between, and be welded to, the outer edge of bottom flange 364 of main sill 356 and the juncture of the back or web, and upper flange of medial side sill portion 384. A stringer in the nature of an upwardly opening channel 438 extends from a hangar bracket web mounting 437 on the underside of member 418 to the first cross-bearer 439 (
In this embodiment it will be noted that the cap, or upper flange of main sill 356 is carried at a height corresponding to the height of the upper, or end, deck portions.
c shows the deep main bolster 440 at section 5c—5c. As can be seen, left and right hand arms 442 and 444 of main bolster 440 have outer, or distal extremities 445 that have the same depth of section as side sill end portions 380, 382. The root of main bolster 440 at the juncture of main sill 356 has a depth extending from the truck center plate mounting to the height of the upper deck. Main bolster 440 has inner shoulders 446, and sloped intermediate portions 448 joining the inner and distal portions, with a stepped flange 450 extending fully along the lower edge of the bolster web. At this section, the tapered walls or webs, of main sill 356 are bracketed by two heavier, vertical plates 452, 454. Plates 452 and 454 form the inner end of the end portion of the center sill 356. A heavier top flange 456 forms the top plate of the end portion of main sill 356.
d and 6d show the penultimate cross-bearer 458 located at the longitudinal station between upright post 459 and main bolster 440. A coupler pocket 464 is formed by welding a lower web 466 between plates 452 and 454. Pocket 468, and smoothly tapered cross member 460 are shown in
In the one embodiment, car 70 has a well deck portion that is 40 ft-6 in. long. The internal lading height of the well, that is, the nominal loading height of the bunk defined between the medial decking portion load bearing interface and the wings 65, 67 (
Although a 40 ft., 6 in. medial deck, or well deck, is preferred, a shorter well deck could be employed, such as 28 ft. 6 in., 32 ft. 6 in., or 36 ft. 6 in., it being advantageous that the well deck be at least 28 ft. long.
Each of center beam cars 20, 70, 83, 85, 90, 92 and 94 and 350 has an array of center beam web posts, indicated generally as 54 in the context of FIG. 1. Each of these arrays includes fabricated posts, having a generally H-shaped cross-section, and roll formed posts having a generally C-shaped cross-section. In the embodiments of
Other than as described above in the context of
Each of posts 73 has a central web 494 lying in a vertical plane perpendicular to the plane 24 of car 20 or car 70, 83, 85, 90, 92, 94, or 350. Web 494 is tapered from a wide bottom adjacent main center sill 36 to a narrow top. At the outboard extremities of web 494 there are left and right hand flanges 496 and 498 (
A horizontal cross-section of post 73 will generally have an H-shape, with web 494 lying centrally relative to flanges 496 and 498. Post 74, by contrast, although tapered in a similar manner to post 474, has a horizontal cross-section of a U-shaped channel, with its web being the back of the U, and the flanges being a pair of legs extending away from the back. Each diagonal member 58 (or 59 or struts 77, 78 or braces 79, 80, 81, 82, 87, 88) has a first end rooted at a lower lug 97 welded at the juncture base of one of posts 73 adjacent to the juncture of post 73 with main center sill 36, and a second diagonal end rooted in an upper lug 99 at the juncture of another adjacent post 73 and top chord assembly 62. Midway along its length, diagonal beam 58 (or 59 or struts 77, 78 or braces 79, 80, 81, 82, 87, 88) passes through post 74 intermediate the pair of posts 73 to which diagonal 58 (or 59 or struts 77, 78 or braces 79, 80, 81, 82, 87, 88) is mounted. It is intended that the respective flanges of the various posts 73 and 74 lie in the same planes on either side of the central plane 24 of car 20 (or 70, 83, 85, 90, 92, 94, 350) to present an aligned set of bearing surfaces against which lading can be placed.
The incline of flanges 496, 498 is roughly at right angles to the inward taper of risers 48. This permits generally square cornered bundles to be stacked neatly in the clearance opening of the bunk defined between the underside of the top truss 64 and risers 48.
In the embodiment of
Straps 136 (
The embodiment illustrated in
Deep beam section 510 is shown in cross-section in
Gussets 572 and 574 are welded inside formed section 550 and 540 respectively at longitudinal stations along the length of car 20, (or 70, 83, 85, 90, 92, 94, 350) corresponding to the various longitudinal stations of the webs of posts 73 and 74 respectively, thus providing a substantially continuous web from main sill 36 to top truss 64. There is, however, a web discontinuity between gusset 572 and gusset 574 indicated by gap ‘G’, seen in
In this way, when assembled, legs 554, 555 and 544, 546 form respective left and right hand outwardly facing bearing surfaces against which a load may bear, and over which a reaction force to tension in the tightening straps can be spread. In the span between the stations of adjacent posts (whether 73 or 74), the skirts, or bearing surfaces, formed in this way are reinforced by the laterally inward web, (that is, back 552) which connects both skirts (that is, legs 544 and 554, and legs 546 and 555). The laterally inward reinforcement need not be immediately behind the respective skirt or facing, but rather can be offset, as illustrated in
In an alternative embodiment shown in
In the alternative embodiment of
On assembly, L-shaped gussets 636, 637 are welded in each of sections 628, 629. Gussets 636 and 637 each have a profile to match the inside profile of the upper regions of main sheet portions 630, 631, legs 632, 633 and toes 634, 635. The toes of gussets 636 and 637 are welded along their outboard edges to the inside face of main sheet portions 630, 631. Sections 628 and 629 are welded along the centerline seam between abutting toes 634 and 635. A further, main gusset 640 is trimmed to a shape to permit welding of its top edge to the underside of the toes 638, 639 of gussets 636, 637, its side edges to the inner face of the lower regions of main sheet portions 630 and 631; once welded in this manner, the base leg 642 of gusset 640 can be welded to toes 626 and 627 of angle irons 622 and 624, with a plug weld formed to fill the longitudinal gap therebetween. Gusset 640 is also trimmed to have reliefs 644, 645 to permit entry between the upwardly extending legs of angle irons 622, 624. Gussets 636, 637 and 640 are located at longitudinal stations that correspond generally to the longitudinal stations of posts 56 and 57 as the case may be. Legs 632, 633 of sections 628, 629 form, ideally, a flat surface to weld to top truss assembly 64, as before. Similarly, when installed, main sheet portions 630, 631 have slope continuity with flanges 496 and 498.
In the alternative embodiment of
In the alternative embodiment of
The alternate embodiment of deep beam 720 of
In this instance a large gusset 738 is welded inside section 722, and plates 732 and 734. Gusset 738 has a vertical leg 740 having a profile cut to yield the desired slope continuity with the flanges of posts 73 and 74.
The alternate embodiment of deep beam 750 of
In the embodiment of
The embodiment of
Panel 830 could be as thick as ½ or ⅝ inches. Although panel 830 is preferably a metal sheet welded to posts 820, a different fastening means, such as rivets, bolts or the like, could be used. A smooth steel face is preferred, but other metals, such as aluminum, could be used, or a suitable, rot resistant, UV resistant polymer could be selected, either as a solid sheet or as a face coating or layer, or sheet, upon a metal substrate. It is preferred that the material chosen be a non-consumable material, that is, one that may tend not to be prone to require frequent replacement such as may be required if softwood lumber battens are used, and also one that has little or no tendency to develop wood rot or to support the growth of molds.
Panel 830 need not be integrally formed with bent toe 832, but could be fabricated by using a flat sheet 840 as the external face plate, with an angle iron 842, or similar stiffener, welded along the inward facing bottom edge of the face plate between pairs of posts 820, as indicated in the other half view shown in
c is again a half section, showing a hollow cell panel 844 in place of panel 830. Hollow cell panel 844 has an external skin 846, an internal skin 848, and an intermediate hollow cell core 847 for carrying shear between skins 846 and 848. The hollow cells usually have a hexagonal columnar shape, the columns running perpendicular to the skins. The thickness of hollow cell panel 844 has been exaggerated for the purposes of illustration. Although skins 846 and 848 may be made of steel, they may also be made of other substances, such as structural polymers, reinforced polymers, aluminum, or other suitable material.
d is similar to
e and 15f correspond to
In each of the embodiments illustrated in
The embodiment of
The embodiment of
In the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
In alternative embodiments, the level of the bottom edge of the legs could be as little as one board (1 and ½ inches, kiln dried wood) below the top edge of the design bundle height, but is expected to be most commonly 12 inches, 24 inches (as in the preferred embodiment) or 30 inches deep when measured from the join to the top truss. It is possible to manufacture a generally similar center beam car to fall within the loading profile defined by AAR plate ‘F’, or some other height. In that case, the desired load limit height is the height that is the largest integer multiple of 33 that is less than the clearance opening. The minimum height of the bottom edge of the leg, or skirt, is desirably 1 and ½ inches or more below the nominal load height, typically such that the overall height of the skirt is, nominally, an integer multiple of 6 that is at least 12 inches. Preferably, the skirt extends to a height that is at least half way down the top bundle of the nominal design load, and possibly to a height that is the full depth of the top bundle.
Although the main deck could be a continuous decking structure, this need not necessarily be so. The main deck, or lower beam structure could be in the form of an open truss, work. Car 20, and the other rail road cars described herein, are preferably of all-steel construction. However, although the web work assembly of the center beam, and the top truss section is preferably a welded steel fabricated structure, it could be made of aluminum.
Various embodiments of the invention have now been described in detail. Since changes in and or additions to the above-described best mode may be made without departing from the nature, spirit or scope of the invention, the invention is not to be limited to those details but only by the appended claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/705,056, filed Nov. 2, 2002 and now abandoned.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 90705056 | Nov 2002 | US |
| Child | 10290039 | US |
