FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention concerns dry sprinklers for use in sub-freezing ambient conditions.
BACKGROUND
Sprinkler systems for fire suppression are used to protect structures which separate or enclose adjacent regions having large temperature differences from one another. Examples of such structures include freezers, balconies of apartments, and loading docks of warehouses. Each of these structures has one or more walls and/or ceilings, which separate a region wherein the temperature is maintained above the freezing point of water from a region where the temperature is maintained below freezing or can drop below freezing.
It is a challenge to provide fire protection to such structures, especially when water is the preferred fire suppressing liquid because measures must be taken to ensure that the water does not freeze within the piping network. To meet this challenge it is known to position the piping network in the temperature controlled “warm” environment where water within the pipes will not freeze, and to provide “dry” type sprinkler assemblies which extend from the piping network through openings in the ceiling or walls of the structure and into the “cold” or uncontrolled environment. Such dry sprinkler assemblies have elongated pipe elements extending between the sprinkler and the piping network with a valve inside to maintain the sprinkler assembly in a “dry” state, i.e., without water in the pipe element, until the sprinkler is activated by the heat from a fire. A heat sensitive trigger, for example a liquid filled frangible bulb, which breaks when subjected to heat from a fire, opens the sprinkler to permit discharge of the water and also acts to open the valve and allow water to flow from the piping network through the conduit and out through the sprinkler.
It would be advantageous to provide dry sprinkler assemblies which can achieve flow rates having nominal k factors of 11.2 or greater while using, for example, 1 inch NPS pipe for the pipe element comprising the dry sprinkler assembly which connects to the piping network in the warm environment and which has the sprinkler outlet located in the cold environment. (The k factor is defined as k=q/Vp where q is the discharge rate from the dry sprinkler assembly in gallons per minute and p is the pressure within the pipe element in psi (gauge)). It would be particularly advantageous to provide dry sprinkler assemblies having nominal k factors equal to or greater than k17 using 1 inch NPS pipe for the pipe element comprising the dry sprinkler. All known commercially available dry sprinklers of k17, such as the Model ESFR-17 Dry Type Pendent Sprinkler sold by Tyco Fire Products, and the K17 Dry ESFR Pendent Storage Sprinkler sold by Viking Group, Inc., comprise pipe elements having a size of greater than 1 inch NPS pipe. Dry sprinklers made of larger pipe sizes weight more, come at greater cost, and are more challenging to install. There is clearly a need to provide dry sprinklers of k factor 11.2 and greater, particularly, k-factor 17, comprising pipe elements of size 1 inch NPS.
SUMMARY
The invention concerns a dry sprinkler assembly for use with a piping network of a fire suppression system. In one example embodiment the dry sprinkler assembly comprises a 1 inch NPS pipe element having a first end attachable in fluid communication with the piping network. A valve is positioned within the pipe element proximate to the first end. The valve has a closed configuration preventing fluid flow through the pipe element, and an open configuration permitting fluid flow through the pipe element. A fire suppression sprinkler is mounted on a second end of the pipe element. The sprinkler defines a bore in fluid communication with the pipe element and comprises a temperature sensitive trigger assembly having a first configuration engaged with the bore when an ambient temperature is below a predetermined threshold, and a second configuration released from engagement with the bore when the ambient temperature reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold. When the valve is in the open configuration and the temperature sensitive trigger assembly is released from the engagement with the bore, the sprinkler assembly achieves a discharge rate equal to or greater than a k factor of 17.
By way of a further example the dry sprinkler system comprises a tube coaxially positioned within the pipe element. The tube has an outer perimeter smaller than an inner perimeter of the pipe element and is moveable lengthwise along the pipe element. The valve is mounted on a first end of the tube. A second end of the tube is engaged with the temperature sensitive trigger assembly when the temperature sensitive trigger assembly is engaged with the bore.
In a specific example embodiment, the tube may have a round cross section with an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the pipe element. Further, the tube may comprise a sidewall defining a plurality of openings therethrough. By way of example the openings may comprise a plurality of slots oriented lengthwise along the tube. In a particular example a portion of the sidewall proximate to the second end of the tube has no openings therethrough. The openings may comprise at least 30% of a surface area of the sidewall in an example embodiment.
In an example embodiment the valve comprises a seat mounted proximate to the first end of the pipe element. A platform is pivotably mounted on the first end of the tube. An obturation body is mounted on the platform. The obturation body is pivotable between a first position facing the seat and engageable therewith, and a second position angularly oriented relative to the seat. In an example embodiment the obturation body comprises a Bellville washer.
Further by way of example, the dry sprinkler assembly according to the invention may comprise a pivot support mounted on the first end of the tube. The platform is pivotably mounted on the pivot support. A stop surface is positioned on the pivot support. A projection extends from the platform and is engageable with the stop surface to limit pivoting motion of the platform. In a further example embodiment a biasing spring acts between the tube and the platform for biasing the obturation body into the second position. The spring may comprise a coil spring by way of example.
By way of example the sprinkler comprises a body defining the bore. A pair of arms extend from the body away from the second end of the pipe element. A deflector plate is mounted on the arms, and the temperature sensitive trigger assembly is positioned between the deflector plate and the pipe element. In an example embodiment the temperature sensitive trigger assembly comprises a frangible vial filled with a heat sensitive liquid. Further by way of example the sprinkler may comprise at least one stop surface engageable with the tube to limit sliding motion thereof relative to the pipe element. In an example embodiment the stop surface comprises at least one projection extending from one of the arms. Further by way of example, the sprinkler may comprise a nipple extending from the body. The nipple may have male screw threads thereon. In a particular example the sprinkler comprises a shoulder on the body. The shoulder projects into the bore and defines the stop surface. In a further example the tube comprises at least one detent projecting outwardly therefrom. The at least one detent is positioned in spaced relation from the second end of the tube and is engageable with the stop surface upon motion of the tube within the pipe element. In a specific example the shoulder comprises an annulus surrounding the bore and the body may comprise female threads surrounding the bore.
In an example embodiment the temperature sensitive trigger assembly comprises a plug. In a specific example embodiment the plug comprises a plurality of plug bodies engageable with the bore. The plug bodies define a gap permitting draining of condensate from the pipe element. A trigger bearing is engageable with the plurality of plug bodies as part of the temperature sensitive trigger assembly.
In an example embodiment the 1 inch NPS pipe element has a wall thickness less than 0.095 inches. Further by way of example, a flow conditioning collar may be attached to the tube proximate to the second end thereof. The collar overlies at least a portion of the plurality of openings in the sidewall of the tube. By way of example the sprinkler may comprise a body defining the bore. The body comprises female threads surrounding the bore. The pair of arms extend from the body away from the second end of the pipe element. The second end of the pipe element has male screw threads thereon engaging the female threads surrounding the bore.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an example embodiment of a dry sprinkler assembly according to the invention in a “loaded” state;
FIG. 1A is an isometric exploded view of an example component of a dry sprinkler assembly according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the dry sprinkler assembly shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 2A is an isometric exploded view of an example component of a dry sprinkler assembly according to the invention;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are partial isometric sectional views of a portion of the dry sprinkler assembly shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a component of the dry sprinkler assembly shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the dry sprinkler assembly shown in FIG. 1 in a “loaded” state;
FIG. 6A is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of the dry sprinkler assembly shown in FIG. 6 on an enlarged scale;
FIG. 6B is a cross sectional view taken at line 6B-6B of FIG. 6A;
FIG. 6C is a longitudinal sectional view of another example embodiment of a dry sprinkler assembly in a “loaded” state;
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the dry sprinkler assembly shown in FIG. 1 in a “triggered” state; and
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of an example embodiment of a dry sprinkler assembly according to the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 shows an example embodiment of a dry sprinkler assembly 10 according to the invention. Sprinkler assembly 10 comprises a 1 inch National Pipe Standard (NPS) pipe element 12 for use with a piping network of a fire suppression system (not shown). Consistent with the National Pipe Standard, pipe element 12 has a basic outer diameter of 1.315 inches and a wall thickness ranging from 0.0568 inches to 0.133 inches consistent with the wall thicknesses and tolerances for schedule 5, 10s/20, 30 and 40s/40 which are feasible for a practical design. To achieve desired flow rates through the pipe element 12 it is advantageous that the wall thickness be less than 0.095 inches. The pipe element 12 may also have a length from about 12 inches to about 36 inches in an assembly according to the invention. A fitting 14 is mounted on a first end 16 of pipe element 12, the fitting having a threaded nipple 18 for attaching the assembly in fluid communication with the piping network. A fire suppression sprinkler 20 is mounted on a second end 22 of the pipe element 12. Sprinkler 20 comprises a body 24 defining a bore 26 (see also FIG. 2A) in fluid communication with the pipe element 12. As shown in FIG. 2, mounting of the sprinkler 20 to pipe element 12 is effected via a male threaded nipple 23 extending from body 24 and engaging compatible female threads 25 on the inside surface of the pipe element 12. In an alternate embodiment, shown in FIG. 2A, sprinkler body 24 comprises female threads 27 within bore 26 which receives pipe element 12 having male threads 29 at its second end 22. Using a pipe element 12 with male threads 29 to engage female threads 27 of a sprinkler body 24 is advantageous because it permits the pipe element's wall to be thinner than if the pipe element has female threads, thereby allowing potentially a greater flow rate through the pipe element by maximizing the inner diameter. In both embodiments (FIGS. 2 and 2A), a pair of arms 28 extend from body 24, the arms supporting a deflector plate 30 mounted thereon.
As shown in FIG. 2, a tube 32 is substantially coaxially positioned within pipe element 12. Tube 32 has a smaller outer perimeter 34 than the inner perimeter 36 of pipe element 12, and is movable lengthwise along the pipe element. In this example embodiment the tube 32 has a round cross section 38 with an outer diameter 40 smaller than an inner diameter 42 of pipe element 12. Tube 32 comprises a sidewall 44 which defines a plurality of openings 46, in this example, slots 48 oriented lengthwise along the tube. Openings 46 may comprise at least 30% of the surface area of the sidewall 44 to permit maximum flow through the pipe element 12 by using as much of the full inner diameter of the pipe element as is practical.
A valve 50 is positioned within pipe element 12 proximate to the first end 16. In the example embodiment shown in FIG. 3, valve 50 comprises a seat 52 integrally formed with fitting 14 and mounted on the first end 16 of the pipe element. Valve 50 further comprises a first closing member 54 engageable with seat 52. In the example valve shown, the first closing member 54 comprises a pivot support 56 mounted on a first end 58 of tube 32. A platform 60 is pivotably mounted on the pivot support 56. An obturation body 62 is mounted on platform 60. In this example embodiment the obturation body 62 comprises a Bellville washer 64 (see also FIG. 5) which is wrapped with a layer of conformal material 65, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, to ensure a fluid tight seal when the washer 64 engages the seat 52. The Bellville washer 64 acts as a spring when the assembly 10 is triggered, as described below. The obturation body 62 (washer 64) is pivotable via platform 60 between a first position facing the valve seat 52 (FIG. 3), and a second position angularly oriented relatively to the seat (FIG. 4). The orientation angle 66 of the body 62 is selected to provide the least head loss (lowest resistance) to fluid flow through the pipe element 12. In this example the orientation angle 66 of the washer 64 is 90°, the angle being established by a combination of a biasing member 68 (see FIG. 3) and a stop surface 70 positioned, in this embodiment, on the pivot support 56. Biasing member 68, in this example, a torsion spring 72, acts between pivot support 56 and platform 60 to bias the platform into the second, angularly oriented position. A projection 74 extending from the platform 60 engages the stop surface 70 to limit rotation of the platform to the desired orientation angle 66. Alternatively (not shown), the projection could be located on pivot support 56 or the first end 58 of tube 32, to engage with a stop surface located on platform 60. Biasing member 68 is designed to have sufficient stiffness to substantially maintain the platform's orientation in spite of turbulent fluid flow through the pipe element 12.
As shown in FIGS. 1, 1A and 2, a second closing member 76 is in engagement with bore 26 defined by the sprinkler body 24. In this example embodiment the second closing member 76 comprises a split plug 78. Split plug 78 comprises three components, the trigger bearing 75 and the plug bodies 77, positioned in spaced relation surrounding the trigger bearing. The trigger bearing 75 straddles a gap 79 defined by the plug bodies 77 when installed within bore 26, the gap allowing condensate to drain from the pipe element 12. Split plug 78 is maintained in engagement with bore 26 by a temperature sensitive trigger assembly 80 acting between the trigger bearing 75 and a nose 31 supported by the arms 28. In the example shown, the trigger 80 comprises a frangible vial 82 containing a heat sensitive liquid. Another well-known trigger comprises a mechanical linkage held together by a eutectic solder.
As shown in FIG. 2, the second closing member 76 maintains the first closing member 54 engaged with the seat 52 by engaging and supporting the second end 84 of tube 32, thereby preventing flow through, or leakage into, the pipe element 12. The tube 32 has a length such that, when it is engaged and supported by the second closing member 76, the first closing member 54 sealingly engages the seat 52 to prevent flow through the pipe element 12. When the first closing member 54 comprises a Belleville washer 64 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the washer is compressed against the seat 52 and acts as a preloaded spring to move the tube 32 lengthwise through the pipe element 12 and toward its second end 22 when the second closing member 76 is released from engagement with the sprinkler bore 26 as described below. The stiffness of biasing member 68, may also act to move tube 32 toward second end 22.
In operation the assembly 10 is attached to a branch line of a fire suppression system (not shown) using nipple 18, which may be threaded as shown or provided with a groove for use with mechanical couplings. Assembly 10 is initially in the “loaded” configuration shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, with the Bellville washer 64 in its closed position, facing and preloaded against the seat 52. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 6A, washer 64 is held in the closed, preloaded position by the second closing member 76 (plug 78) through engagement with tube 32, the plug engaging bore 26 of sprinkler 20. In turn, plug 78 is maintained in engagement with bore 26 by the temperature sensitive trigger 80, frangible vial 82 acting between the nose 31 and the trigger bearing 75 of plug 78.
FIGS. 4 and 7 show the assembly 10 in the “triggered” configuration which permits fluid flow through the pipe element 12. This occurs when the ambient temperature surrounding trigger 80 reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold (for example 155° F.) causing the thermal trigger, in this case, frangible vial 82 to shatter and thereby removing the support to plug 78. With no axial constraining force on tube 32 the Bellville washer 64 pushes against the seat 52, moving the tube 32 axially away from the seat. This movement is aided by biasing member 68 and the action of fluid pressure within the branch line acting upon first closing member 54. Motion of the tube 32 disengages the washer 64 from the seat 52 which permits the platform 60 bearing the washer to pivot on the pivot support 56 (biased by torsion spring 72, see FIG. 3) into the angularly oriented position shown in FIG. 4. The orientation angle 66 is set when the projection 74 extending from platform 60 engages the stop surface 70 on the pivot support 56. Motion of the tube 32 away from the seat 52 ejects the second closing member 76, the multi-piece construction of plug 78 aiding ejection of the plug from bore 26. For the sprinkler embodiment shown in FIG. 2A having female threads 27 within bore 26, the motion of tube 32 within pipe element 12 is limited by a plurality of detents 33 (see FIGS. 6A and 6B) which project outwardly from tube 32 and engage a shoulder 35 projecting into the bore 26 defined by the sprinkler body 24. Shoulder 35 in this example comprises an annulus and surrounds the bore 26. Detents 33 are conveniently formed by outward piercings of the tube 32 positioned at a distance 37 from the second end 84 of the tube (see FIG. 6) to permit the tube to move and allow rotation of the platform 60 as shown in FIG. 7. In a practical design there are four detents 33 angularly spaced at 90° intervals around the tube 32.
FIG. 6C shows another example embodiment comprising a flow conditioning collar 89 which is attached to tube 32 proximate to its second end 84. As in the example embodiment shown collar 89 may overlie at least a portion of the openings 46 in the sidewall 44. Collar 89 performs two functions. In this configuration the collar 89 provides a flow conditioning surface which is expected to reduce turbulent flow through the tube 32 before it exits the tube and provides a stop which engages the shoulder 35 to limit the extent of travel of tube 32 when the sprinkler assembly is triggered.
In another example embodiment, shown in FIG. 8, the longitudinal (sliding) motion of the tube 32 relative to the pipe element 12 is limited by engagement of the second end 84 of the tube with one or more stop surfaces 86 positioned in spaced relation to the second end 22 of the pipe element 12. In this example, two stop surfaces 86 are positioned on the arms 28 of sprinkler 20. For both sprinkler embodiments a portion of sidewall 44, located proximate to the second end 84 of tube 32, has no openings therethrough and acts as a flow conditioning conduit 88 when water or other fire suppressing liquid is discharged.
As shown in FIG. 7, with both the first closing member 54 in its open position and the second closing member 76 no longer engaged with bore 26, fire suppressing fluid (water, for example) may flow from the piping network through the pipe element 12 and tube 32 whereupon it exits the flow conditioning conduit 88 and impinges on the deflector 30 and is distributed over the fire event area.
Dry sprinkler assemblies according to the invention are expected to improve both the reliability and effectiveness of fire suppression systems while using 1 inch NPS pipe for the pipe element connecting the piping network in the warm environment to the sprinkler located in the cold environment. The discharge rate of dry sprinkler assemblies according to the invention is expected to be equal to or greater than a k factor of 11.2, wherein the k factor is defined as k=q/Vp where q is the discharge rate from the assembly 10 in gallons per minute and p is the pressure within the pipe element 12 in psi (gauge).
Patent Application
20210361989
