The present invention relates to a drywall comprising a first wall section and a second wall section, as well as a support structure comprising first stud elements, wherein in the area of the first wall section the first stud elements are arranged in a row with first distances and form first support structure bays, wherein a paneling with planking panels is arranged on at least one side of the support structure, and wherein an installation duct is arranged in the second wall section. The invention further relates to a method for erecting such a drywall.
Dry construction refers to the production of construction elements, in particular drywalls, through the assembly of industrially manufactured semi-finished products. Typically, drywalls are created by erecting a support structure of stud elements to which planking panels are attached. In order to achieve a smooth surface, the joints can be provided with a joint filler. Drywalls can be walls in buildings, which are created after the construction of a shell. However, drywalls produced in dry construction can also be used for exterior walls and load-bearing building components if suitable materials are used. A known drywall is described in WO 2013/189855 A.
When constructing drywalls, there is a need to accommodate installations such as electrical, water, sewage, heating, ventilation and air conditioning lines in the drywall. In this context, it has already been proposed to provide the stud elements with cutouts in the profile web through which installation cables can be laid transversely to the stud profiles. This is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 9,874,014. However, the room for installation lines is severely limited because the cut-outs proposed in this patent can only be so large as not to interfere with the static of the stud. Furthermore, cut-outs are often times not reworked and thus have sharp edges that can damage the lines, especially the insulation of electric cables.
It is also known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,854,230 B2 to arrange a hollow head piece, which can accommodate horizontally running cables, on the studs at the upper end of a wall. However, the described construction raises questions concerning the static behavior of such a drywall.
The invention has the object of further developing a drywall in such a way that installations can be easily and safely provided.
This object is achieved by a drywall having the characteristics of claim 1. Accordingly, the aforementioned drywall is characterised in that the support structure comprises, in the area of the second wall section, a first and a second crossbeam, which, in order to form the installation duct, form a second support structure bay, which extends across at least two first support structure bays that are arranged next to each other. In this way it is possible to accommodate installations with a larger space requirement in the drywall. A support structure bay is delimited in each case by the load-bearing elements of the support structure, which can be formed in particular as stud elements and crossbeams. This means that stud elements and crossbeams form frame sections that completely or partially surround a support structure bay.
The installation duct can be integrated into the drywall in such a way that after the paneling of the drywall the installations are invisibly accommodated in the installation duct. This does not preclude the paneling from having passages for installation elements such as lines, taps or switches. The second support structure bay makes it possible to lay installations also across areas of the wall that are separated from the first stud elements. By designing the support structure as claimed, it is not only possible to create space for voluminous installations in the wall, but at the same time a high stability of the drywall is achieved. In particular, the stud elements do not have to be provided with cutouts, which can considerably reduce the stability of the support structure.
Cutouts are also disadvantageous because they are often sharp-edged and there is a risk of damage, especially to electrical cables, during installation and afterwards. Furthermore, cutouts are not adequate to accommodate installations with large cross-sections, e.g. cable bundles or water lines. Preferably, the first support structure bays are delimited laterally by the first stud elements.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention the drywall has a third wall section, wherein the support structure, in the area of the third wall section, has second stud elements arranged in a row with second distances. The second stud elements can delimit third support structure bays. In this way, the installation duct can be provided at a desired position, while at the same time achieving a high level of stability. The first and second distances can be identical, but also different, if desired.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second wall section is arranged between the first wall section and the third wall section. This embodiment is preferable because it represents the most stable structure, allowing top or bottom ends of the stud elements being received in the ceiling and floor U rail, respectively, typically provided in drywall structures.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the second support structure bay preferably extends across more than 25%, preferably more than 50%, or more than 70% of the width of the drywall. It is also possible that the second support structure bay extends across the entire width of the drywall.
According to the invention, it is preferred that the first crossbeam and the second crossbeam are arranged opposite to one another, i.e. on opposite sides of the installation duct. Preferably, the first crossbeam is arranged at the bottom and the second crossbeam at the top.
Preferably, the first and second crossbeams extend across at least two, preferably at least three or at least four of the first support structure bays.
It is preferred that the first and/or second crossbeams extend across more than 25%, preferably more than 50%, or more than 70% of the width of the drywall. It is also possible that the first and/or second crossbeams extend across the entire width of the drywall.
Furthermore, the crossbeams can be attached to an adjacent component of the building, such as a pillar or a wall. In doing so, the crossbeams can assume a load-bearing function for the drywall. This also applies in particular to the embodiment in which the support structure of the drywall is designed as a single stud construction. The crossbeams can be attached to the adjacent component, for example, with steel brackets. A single stud construction means a construction having only one row of studs. In contrast a double stud construction means a construction in which two rows of studs are arranged next to each other without actually contacting each other. Double stud constructions are intended to reduce sound transmissions from one room through the drywall into the other room by reducing sound travel paths across the structure.
Preferably, the first and second crossbeams are arranged orthogonal to the first stud elements.
The first crossbeam is preferably arranged at the upper end sections of the first stud elements. The first crossbeam can be arranged lying horizontally on the first stud elements. Preferably, the first crossbeam is connected to the upper end sections of the first stud elements.
The second stud elements can be arranged standing on the second crossbeam. The second crossbeam may be connected in particular to the bottom ends of the second stud elements.
Preferably, the first and second crossbeams can be arranged horizontally. Furthermore, it is preferred for the first stud elements and/or the second stud elements to be arranged vertically.
Preferably, several of the first stud elements are arranged with a regular first distance to adjacent first stud elements. It is also preferred that several of the second stud elements are each arranged with a regular second distance to adjacent second stud elements. Preferably, the first and the second distances are the same.
Preferably, the first and second crossbeams are made of wood or metal.
According to the invention, it is preferred that the first crossbeam and/or the second crossbeam each comprise at least one first crossbeam profile, wherein the crossbeam profile has a first crossbeam profile web and two first crossbeam profile flanges. Preferably, the first crossbeam profile can be formed as a U channel.
The first and/or second crossbeams may comprise a second crossbeam profile having a second crossbeam web and two second crossbeam profile flanges. Preferably, the first and second crossbeam profile webs of the first and second crossbeams are each arranged one on top of the other, wherein the first and second crossbeam profile flanges are pointing in opposite directions. This results in an arrangement “back to back”. The crossbeam and the crossbeam profiles can be connected to each other, for example by screw connections. Preferably, the second crossbeam profile is formed as a U channel. For example, installation lines can be accommodated in the second crossbeam profile.
According to another embodiment the second metal crossbeam profile can be used to fix the drywall panels. Typically (but not necessary) the second crossbeam profile is made from thinner gauge metal than the crossbeams, the crossbeams being statically important. For screwing into the crossbeams which typically (but not necessary) are made from light-gauge steel, specialty screws have to be used to penetrate the strong material. When a second metal crossbeam profile of thin sheetmetal is provided the drywall panels can be screwed to these instead of to the crossbeams, and no specialty screws are necessary. This is an advantage on-site because it reduces the number of different items that have to be provided.
Alternatively, the second crossbeam profile can be made of a plastic material, arranged ontop of the lower crossbeam and thus, be used as installation channel. According to European law metal installation channels are not allowed for electric installations so that a plastic material has to be used.
Preferably, it is provided for a material thickness of the first and/or the second crossbeam profile to be between 0.4 mm and 5 mm. In order to achieve high stability, it is preferred that at least one of the first and second crossbeam profiles has a material thickness of between 1 mm and 5 mm.
According to the invention, it is preferred that end sections of the first stud elements are accommodated between the first or second crossbeam profile flanges of the first crossbeam. The end sections of the first stud elements can, for example, simply be inserted between the crossbeam profile flanges.
Similarly, the end sections of the second stud elements can be accommodated between the first or second crossbeam profile flanges of the second crossbeam.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first crossbeam (preferably the crossbeam profile web of the first crossbeam) may be fitted with a holding means for the installation. The holding means can include, for example, a holding rail, such as a cable duct or a holding bracket. The material of the holding means is basically not limited. It can be plastic or metal, for example. Preferably, the holding means has a width that is smaller than the width of the crossbeam. In this way, the installation can be arranged set back from the paneling. This prevents the installation from being damaged by fasteners inadvertently inserted at this position during paneling.
Preferably, the first and/or second stud elements can be, in particular, wood studs or metal studs.
According to the invention, it is preferred that the first stud element and/or the second stud element are formed as metal stud profiles, each having a stud profile web and two stud profile flanges. The stud profile flanges are preferably arranged at right angles to the stud profile web. Preferably, the first and/or second stud elements are formed as U, C, Ω or M channels. Preferably, the stud profile web is arranged perpendicularly to the surface formed by the planking panels, wherein stud profile flanges are arranged parallel to the surface formed by the planking panels and form a bearing surface for paneling.
Preferably, the material thickness of the stud elements is between 0.4 mm and 5 mm. In particular, the preferred material thickness is between 0.5 mm and 1 mm, if the drywall does not have to meet any special static requirements.
Preferably, it is provided that an electrical line, a water line, a sewage line, a ventilation line, a supply line, a network line and/or a coolant line are arranged in the installation duct.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment the support structure is designed as a double stud construction, wherein a first stud row comprises the first stud elements and the first and second crossbeams and, where applicable, the second stud elements, and wherein a second stud row comprises third stud elements which extend at least across the first and second wall section. The first and second stud rows can be arranged directly next to each other to form the double studs, whereby the first and third stud elements and/or the second and third stud elements form double studs. The third stud elements preferably extend across the entire wall height of the drywall. This embodiment has the advantage that any wall widths and wall heights can be realised, as the third stud elements ensure the stability of the drywall. This makes the drywall particularly stable. It is not necessary for the first and second crossbeams to extend across the full width of the wall.
Preferably, the third stud elements are made of wood or metal.
The third stud elements may comprise stud profiles, each having one stud profile web and two stud profile flanges. Preferably, the third stud elements are formed as U, C, Ω or M channels. C channels are particularly preferred.
The first and third stud elements are preferably arranged in such a way that the stud profile flanges of the first and third stud element are arranged closely to one another, however, preferably without directly contacting each other. The second stud elements are preferably arranged in such a way that the stud profile flanges of the second stud element are closely arranged to the stud profile flanges of the third stud element, however, preferably without actually contacting it.
The third stud elements can be statically connected with the first stud elements and/or with the second stud elements. In this way, firmly connected double studs can be formed. The connection is preferably made by providing panels, for example strips of planking panels, each of which is connected by fasteners, on the one hand, to one of the third and, on the other hand, to one of the first and second stud elements, respectively. The panel strips can extend over the profile webs of the first and third stud elements or over the profile webs of the second and third stud elements. It is particularly preferred to attach (in particular screw) a panel strip to the stud profile webs of two stud elements arranged parallel to each other so that the two stud elements are firmly connected to each other.
Direct contact between double studs, i.e. between first an third stud elements or second and third stud elements can be prevented for example by interposing an elastic intermediate layer or by arranging the studs with a small gap. These measures greatly improve the sound insulation properties of the drywall.
The first and second stud elements can be firmly connected to the first and/or second crossbeams. This can be achieved in particular by inserting the end sections of the respective stud element into the respective crossbeam and connecting them to it (in particular to the crossbeam profile flanges). Fastening can be done, for example, by crimping or screwing.
According to the invention, fasteners can be provided which connect the paneling with the first stud elements, the first and second crossbeams or second metal crossbeam profile and, where applicable, with the second and third stud elements. A portion of the fasteners in the first crossbeams also connects the first crossbeam to the first stud elements. A portion of the fasteners in the second crossbeams also connects the second crossbeam to the second stud elements. The fasteners can be screws or nails, for example. In addition, adhesive can be used. In principle, any sufficiently strong fastening of the paneling known to one skilled in the art is possible.
According to the invention, the planking panels can comprise drywall panels, whereby gypsum boards, gypsum plasterboards, gypsum fibreboards and fibre-cement boards are particularly preferred. However, wood panels, chipboard panels or other planking panels can also be used for paneling.
The object of the invention is also solved by a method with the characteristics of claim 15. Accordingly, it is provided that the method of erecting a drywall comprises erecting a support structure, wherein, in the area of a first wall section, first stud elements with first distances are arranged which form first support structure bays, wherein, in the area of a second wall section, a first and a second crossbeam are arranged, so that, in order to form an installation duct, the support structure has a second support structure bay which extends across at least two first support structure bays that are arranged next to each other, wherein an installation is arranged in the installation duct and wherein a paneling of planking panels is arranged on at least one side of the support structure.
Further advantageous characteristics of the method can also be derived from the description of the drywall.
Further goals, characteristics, advantages and application possibilities of this invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments based on the drawings. All described and/or depicted characteristics, individually or in any meaningful combination, form the object of the invention, also independently of the summary in individual claims or their back references.
The figures show:
The drywall 1 comprises a support structure 2, which comprises first stud elements 3. The first stud elements 3 are arranged in a row with first distances and form first support structure bays 4. The first stud elements 3 are arranged vertically. In each case, two first stud elements 3 delimit a first support structure bay 4 that is positioned between them.
The first stud elements 3 are arranged in a first wall section 5 of the drywall 1. The drywall 1 also has second wall sections 6, 6′, in each of which an installation duct 7 is arranged. In the area of the second wall sections 6, 6′, the support structure 2 has a first crossbeam 8 and a second crossbeam 9, respectively. These form second support structure bays 10, 10′, which in each case extend across several first support structure bays 4 arranged next to each other. In this way, an integrated, continuous installation duct 7 is created in the area of each of the second support structure bays 10, 10′, so that installations can be arranged inside the drywall 1. The depicted embodiment shows that installations with a larger space requirement can be accommodated inside the drywall 1.
The drywall 1 also has a third wall section 11, whereby the support structure 2 has second stud elements 12 in the area of the third wall section 11. These are arranged vertically in a row next to each other with second distances between the individual stud elements 12. Third support structure bays 27 are formed between the second stud elements 12. In the example shown here, the distances between the first stud elements 3 and the second stud elements 12 are equal. The second stud elements 12 are aligned with the first stud elements 3.
In each case, the first crossbeam 8 is located on the bottom side of the installation duct 7, while the second crossbeam 9 is located on the upper side of the installation duct 7.
The second stud elements 12 are arranged standing on the second crossbeam 9 of the second wall section 6. The first stud elements 3 are arranged standing on the second crossbeam 9 of the second wall section 6′ or in a floor rail.
The first and second crossbeams 8, 9 are arranged horizontally.
In the embodiment shown in
The first and second stud elements 3, 12 and the first and second crossbeams 8, 9 may be made of wood, steel or any other sufficiently strong material. In the embodiment shown, the first and second crossbeams 8, 9 each have a first metal crossbeam profile 14. The first crossbeam profile 14 may have a first crossbeam profile web 15 (see
The first and second crossbeam 8, 9 in the embodiment shown in
The first and second crossbeam profiles 14, 17 are arranged on top of each other, with the first and second crossbeam profile webs 15, 18 abutting each other and the first and second crossbeam profile flanges 16, 19 pointing in opposite directions. Thus, the first and second crossbeam profiles 14, 17 are arranged “back to back”. Preferably, the second crossbeam profile 17 is formed as a U channel. Since in the embodiment shown, the first crossbeam profile 14 assumes a load-bearing function, it is sufficient for the second crossbeam profile 17 to be formed as a U wall channel and to have a material thickness of between 0.4 mm and 1 mm.
Similarly, in the area of the third wall section 11, the second crossbeam profile 17, which is arranged on the second crossbeam 9, is arranged in such a way that the lower ends of the second stud elements 12 are received between the second crossbeam profile flanges 19.
The first and second crossbeam profiles 14, 17 can be joined together with fasteners, such as screws, nails, brackets, glue or the like.
The first and second stud elements 3, 12 are formed as metal stud profiles in the embodiment shown, each of which has a stud profile web and stud profile flanges arranged thereon. The stud profiles can in particular be C wall channels (also referred to as CW channels). The material thickness of the stud profiles can be between 0.4 mm and 5 mm, whereby a material thickness of 0.5 mm to 1 mm is generally sufficient for drywalls, which do not have a load-bearing function in a building. However, the metal stud profiles can also have other cross-sectional shapes, such as a U, or M channel in particular.
In the second wall sections 6, 6′, there is sufficient space to arrange installations, such as electrical lines, water lines, sewage lines, ventilation lines, supply lines and/or coolant lines, invisibly inside the drywall 1. It is advantageous that the installation lines in this area do not have to be threaded through openings in the profiles, whereby they can be damaged.
Furthermore,
The support structure 2 shown in
The embodiment shown in
The third stud element 25, like the first and second stud elements 3, 12, can be formed as metal stud profiles. Reference is made to the above description of the stud profiles, which also applies to the third stud elements 25.
The first and second stud elements 3, 12 are arranged directly next to the third stud elements 25, almost abutting but preferably not actually contacting them. The first and third stud elements 3, 25 and the second and third stud elements 12, 25, respectively, are aligned parallel to each other. The first and second stud elements 3, 12 are each statically connected to an adjacent third stud element 25. In the embodiment shown, panel strips 26 are provided for connection. These can be, for example, strips of planking panels. The planking strips 26 connect the first and third stud elements 3, 25 and the second and third stud elements 12, 25, respectively, arranged next to each other. If the stud elements are metal profiles, the profiles are preferably arranged in such a way that the flanges of both studs are next to each other.
Furthermore,
In addition to the upper installation duct 7, the embodiment shown in
Furthermore,
Furthermore, it is shown how the first and the second crossbeams 8, 9 are arranged. The first crossbeam 8 comprises, as described above, a first and a second crossbeam profile 14, 17, which are formed as U channels. The orientation of the U channels is illustrated by dashed lines. It is also shown that the upper ends of the first stud elements 3 are accommodated between the first crossbeam profile flanges 16. The U channel 17 serves as a receiving element and guide for the installation 30. It is formed from plastic.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/EP2019/000353 | 12/20/2019 | WO |