Patent Application
20090194182
The invention relates to apparatus for monitoring characteristics of a flow stream in a pipeline and in particular to dual chamber orifice fittings. More precisely, embodiments of the invention relate to an improved body design for dual chamber orifice fittings.
In pipeline operations and other industrial applications, flow meters are used to measure the volumetric flow rate of a gaseous or liquid flow stream moving through a piping section. Flow meters are available in many different forms. One common flow meter is an orifice meter, which includes an orifice fitting connected to the piping section. The orifice fitting serves to orient and support an orifice plate that extends across the piping section perpendicular to the direction of flow stream. The orifice plate is generally a thin plate that includes a circular opening, or orifice, that is typically positioned concentric with the flow stream.
In operation, when the flow stream moving through the piping section reaches the orifice plate, the flow is forced through the orifice, thereby constricting the cross-sectional flow area of the flow. Due to the principles of continuity and conservation of energy, the velocity of the flow increases as the stream moves through the orifice. This velocity increase creates a pressure differential across the orifice plate. The measured differential pressure across the orifice plate can be used to calculate the volumetric flow rate of the flow stream moving through the piping section.
A dual chamber orifice fitting embodies a special design that enables the orifice plate to be removed from the fitting without interrupting the flow stream moving through the piping section. This specially designed fitting has been known in the art for many years. U.S. Pat. No. 1,996,192, was issued in 1934 and describes an early dual chamber orifice fitting. Fittings with substantially the same design are still in use in many industrial applications today. Although the design has remained substantially unchanged, operating conditions continue to expand and dual chamber fittings are now available for piping sizes up to 48-inches in diameter and for working pressures up to 10,000 psi.
A common dual chamber orifice fitting 12 is illustrated in
Orifice plate carrier 32 is shown in a metering position in alignment with bore 34. To remove orifice plate carrier 32 from fitting 12 the following steps are used. First, gear shaft 54 is rotated to slide valve plate 56 laterally and away from valve seat 24 and open aperture 30. Once aperture 30 is opened, lower drive 36 is actuated to move orifice plate carrier 32 upwards into upper chamber 22. Once orifice plate carrier 32 is entirely within upper chamber 22, aperture 30 is closed to isolate the upper chamber from bore 34 and lower chamber 20. Any pressure within upper chamber 20 can then be relieved and orifice plate carrier 32 can be removed from fitting 12 by loosening clamping bar screws 46 and removing clamping bar 44 and sealing bar 40 from top 18.
Upper chamber 22 and lower chamber 20 are sized so as to accommodate upper drive 38 and lower drive 36 in order to allow orifice plate carrier 32 to move vertically. Lower chamber 20 must also accommodate the horizontal translation of slide valve plate 56. In order to accommodate these components, lower chamber 20 and upper chamber 22 are constructed as generally rectangular cross-sectioned cavities within body 16 and top 18. The general shape of the cavities is commonly formed during the casting process used to make the top or body components. Because of their size and complexity, these castings are often the most expensive components of a dual chamber orifice fitting.
Another improved dual chamber orifice fitting 100 is illustrated in
Orifice plate carrier 147 supports the orifice plate 149. Upper drive assembly 145 and lower drive assembly 150 are used to move orifice plate carrier 147 between lower chamber 120 and upper chamber 130.
Top 115 includes flange 160, for connecting with body 110, and wall 165 surrounding upper chamber 130. Upper chamber 130 is isolated from atmospheric pressure by sealing bar 170 and sealing bar gasket 172, which are retained with clamping bar 175 and clamping bar screws 177. Wall 165 supports upper drive assembly 145 and includes port 185, which provides access to upper chamber 130.
Referring now to
Improvements that decrease the weight of the top and body components or the processing required in producing these components can result in significant savings in the overall cost of producing the fitting. Reducing the size, width or footprint of the top and body components can also produce these results, while also producing a smaller and more manageable fitting. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are directed to apparatus for dual chamber orifice fittings that seek to overcome these and other limitations of the prior art.
A dual chamber orifice fitting comprising a body with a lower chamber in fluid communication with a pipeline and a top with an upper chamber in fluid communication with the lower chamber. In some embodiments, an upper flange on the top portion couples to a lower flange on the body portion. A valve assembly closes in order to hydraulically isolate the upper chamber from the lower chamber and opens to allow an orifice plate carrier to move between the chambers. When the orifice plate carrier is in the lower chamber it can be aligned with the flowbore of the pipeline. The orifice plate carrier can be removed from the fitting through the upper chamber. In some embodiments, at least one of either the upper or lower chamber has a cross-section with both an inner radius and an outer radius. In other embodiments, the cross-section includes an oval, a Cassini oval or a dog-bone shape. In further embodiments, the lower and upper chambers may have a double curved wall, and the body and top may also have a curved outer surface to accommodate the double curved walls of the interior chambers. In certain embodiments, the lower and upper flanges include bolt patterns corresponding with the inner and outer radii, the curved outer surfaces of the body and top, or other curved shapes described herein.
In some embodiments, a fitting comprises a body portion having a lower chamber in fluid communication with a pipeline and a top portion having an upper chamber in fluid communication with the lower chamber. The fitting may have an upper flange on the top portion coupled to a lower flange on the body portion. At least a portion of either the upper chamber or the lower chamber has a cross-section including a Cassini oval.
In certain embodiments, a fitting comprises a body portion having a lower chamber in fluid communication with a pipeline and a top portion having an upper chamber in fluid communication with the lower chamber. The fitting may have an upper flange on the top portion coupled to a lower flange on the body portion. At least a portion of either the upper chamber or the lower chamber has a cross-section including a dog-bone shape.
Thus, the embodiments herein comprise a combination of features and advantages that enable substantial enhancement of the operation of dual chamber orifice fittings. These and various other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the embodiments and by referring to the accompanying drawings.
For a more detailed understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the accompanying Figures, wherein:
In the drawings and description that follow, like parts are typically marked throughout the specification and drawings with the same reference numerals, respectively. The drawing figures are not necessarily to scale. Certain features of the invention may be shown exaggerated in scale or in somewhat schematic form and some details of conventional elements may not be shown in the interest of clarity and conciseness. The present invention is susceptible to embodiments of different forms. Specific embodiments are described in detail and are shown in the drawings, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to that illustrated and described herein. It is to be fully recognized that the different teachings of the embodiments discussed below may be employed separately or in any suitable combination to produce desired results.
Unless otherwise specified, any use of any form of the terms “connect”, “engage”, “couple”, “attach”, or any other term describing an interaction between elements is not meant to limit the interaction to direct interaction between the elements and may also include indirect interaction between the elements described. In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to . . . ”. The various characteristics mentioned above, as well as other features and characteristics described in more detail below, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the embodiments, and by referring to the accompanying drawings.
Referring now to
Referring back to
Top 415 includes flange 460, for connecting with body 410, and wall 465 surrounding upper chamber 430. Upper chamber 430 is isolated from atmospheric pressure by sealing bar 470 and sealing bar gasket 472, which are retained with clamping bar 475 and clamping bar screws 477. Wall 465 supports an upper drive assembly, such as the assembly 145 of
Referring now to
In many of the embodiments just described, the curvature of wall 465 reduces the overall width of the curve as compared to
Referring now to
Referring now to
The previously described embodiments include upper and lower chambers that have curved cross-sections. In certain embodiments, the cross-sections are a curve with inner and outer radii, a Cassini oval or a dog-bone shape. It is also understood that the chambers may not have a consistent cross-section over their entire length. It may be desirable to vary the cross-section of the chamber and/or wall in order to compensate for penetrations through the wall or to accommodate internal equipment.
One important aspect of the invention is the use of curved upper and/or lower chambers as disclosed herein, which provides several benefits over convention rectangular and curved cross-section chambers. The curved cross-section of the chambers provide a more uniform stress distribution through the wall surrounding the chamber than would be possible with a rectangular cross-section, while not significantly reducing wall strength by the addition of reduced portions such as at 467. By effectively managing this stress distribution, acceptable stress levels can be maintained with a thinner wall structure. A thinner wall structure requires less material and the overall weight of the fitting can be reduced. The reduced width or footprint of the chambers and flanges as disclosed herein also requires less material, and eases dimensional containment issues with the fitting. A lighter fitting reduces the costs of procuring and manufacturing the fitting. The curved wall structure also minimizes deflection of the wall under pressurized conditions, which gives greater reliability and allows for closer tolerances between the chamber wall and the interior components. If particularly high pressure applications are needed, a rib such as at 468 of
The curved wall, particularly the recessed portions, also allows the bolts that connect the flanges on the top and body components to be evenly and perhaps linearly spaced for easier access. Controlling the thickness of the wall and recessing the wall allows for sufficient space to be provided around each bolt location to provide access to wrenches and other torque-applying tools, while also maintaining a smaller fitting.
The curved chamber also provides advantages in the manufacturing of the top and the body. Conventionally, the top and body are cast components. When being cast, an insert is used to form the chamber within the components. Because the conventional chamber has a relatively thin rectangular cross-section, the insert used to form the chamber is susceptible to warping or moving due to the intense heat of the casting process. This warping or moving caused inconsistent castings and added complexity to the manufacturing process. The larger curved cross-section chamber requires a larger insert to form and is thus less susceptible to casting defects. In addition, the minor sides of the curved cross-section are reduced or taken in such that the curved cross-section is not unnecessarily large.
The embodiments relate to apparatus for housing a dual chamber orifice fitting but the concepts of the invention are susceptible to use in embodiments of different forms. There are shown in the drawings, and herein will be described in detail, specific embodiments of the present invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to that illustrated and described herein. In particular, various embodiments of the present invention provide a number of different body shapes and styles to improve stress distribution through the body and reduce its footprint. Reference is made to the application of the concepts of the present invention to dual chamber orifice fitting with a plug valve arrangement, but the use of the concepts of the present invention is not limited to these applications, and can be used for any other applications including other dual chamber fittings, including slide valve fittings, tapered valve fittings, ball valve fittings and other orifice fittings utilizing rectangular orifice plate carriers. It is to be fully recognized that the different teachings of the embodiments discussed below may be employed separately or in any suitable combination to produce desired results.
The embodiments set forth herein are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the invention or the details therein. It will be appreciated that many other modifications and improvements to the disclosure herein may be made without departing from the scope of the invention or the inventive concepts herein disclosed. Because many varying and different embodiments may be made within the scope of the inventive concept herein taught, including equivalent structures or materials hereafter thought of, and because many modifications may be made in the embodiments herein detailed in accordance with the descriptive requirements of the law, it is to be understood that the details herein are to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
