Patent Application
20140262234
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This disclosure relates generally to equipment utilized and operations performed in conjunction with a subterranean well and, in an example described below, more particularly provides for injection of fluid into one or more selected zones in a well, and provides for magnetic field sensing actuation of well tools. It can be beneficial in some circumstances to individually, or at least selectively, actuate one or more well tools in a well. Improvements are continuously needed in the art which may be useful in operations such as selectively injecting fluid into formation zones, selectively producing from multiple zones, actuating various types of well tools, etc.
Disclosed herein is a wellbore servicing system comprising a tubular string disposed within a wellbore, and a first well tool incorporated with the tubular string and comprising a housing comprising one or more ports and generally defining a flow passage, an actuator disposed within the housing, a dual magnetic sensor actuation assembly (DMSAA) disposed within the housing and in signal communication with the actuator and comprising a first magnetic sensor positioned up-hole relative to a second magnetic sensor, and an electronic circuit comprising a counter, and wherein, the DMSAA is configured to detect a magnetic signal and to determine the direction of movement of the magnetic device emitting the magnetic signal, and a sleeve slidably positioned within the housing and transitional from a first position to a second position, wherein, when the sleeve is in the first position, the sleeve is configured to prevent a route of fluid communication via the one or more ports of the housing and, when the sleeve is in the second position, the sleeve is configured to allow fluid communication via the one or more ports of the housing, wherein, the sleeve is allowed to transition from the first position to the second position upon actuation of the actuator, and wherein the actuator actuated upon recognition of a predetermined quantity of magnetic signals traveling in a particular flow direction.
Also disclosed herein is a wellbore servicing tool comprising a housing comprising one or more ports and generally defining a flow passage, a first magnetic sensor and a second magnetic sensor disposed within the housing, wherein the first magnetic sensor is positioned up-hole of the second magnetic sensor, an electronic circuit coupled to the first magnetic sensor and the second magnetic sensor; and a memory coupled to the electronic circuit, wherein the memory comprises instructions that cause the electronic circuit to detect a magnetic device within the housing, determine the flow direction of the magnetic device through the housing, and adjust a counter in response to the detection of the magnetic device and the determination of the flow direction of the magnetic device through the housing.
Further disclosed herein is a wellbore servicing method comprising positioning a tubular string comprising a well tool comprising a dual magnetic sensor actuation assembly (DMSAA) within a wellbore, wherein the well tool is configured to disallow a route of fluid communication between the exterior of the well tool and an axial flowbore of the well tool, introducing one or more magnetic devices to the axial flowbore of the well tool, wherein each of the magnetic devices transmits a magnetic signal, detecting the one or more magnetic devices, determining the flow direction of the one or more magnetic devices, adjusting a magnetic device counter in response to the detection and the flow direction of the magnetic devices, actuating the well tool in recognition of a predetermined quantity of predetermined magnetic signals traveling in a particular flow direction, wherein the well tool is reconfigured to allow a route of fluid communication between the exterior of the well tool and the axial flowbore of the well tool.
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description:
In the drawings and description that follow, like parts are typically marked throughout the specification and drawings with the same reference numerals, respectively. In addition, similar reference numerals may refer to similar components in different embodiments disclosed herein. The drawing figures are not necessarily to scale. Certain features of the invention may be shown exaggerated in scale or in somewhat schematic form and some details of conventional elements may not be shown in the interest of clarity and conciseness. The present invention is susceptible to embodiments of different forms. Specific embodiments are described in detail and are shown in the drawings, with the understanding that the present disclosure is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments illustrated and described herein. It is to be fully recognized that the different teachings of the embodiments discussed herein may be employed separately or in any suitable combination to produce desired results.
Unless otherwise specified, use of the terms “connect,” “engage,” “couple,” “attach,” or any other like term describing an interaction between elements is not meant to limit the interaction to direct interaction between the elements and may also include indirect interaction between the elements described.
Unless otherwise specified, use of the terms “up,” “upper,” “upward,” “up-hole,” “upstream,” or other like terms shall be construed as generally from the formation toward the surface or toward the surface of a body of water; likewise, use of “down,” “lower,” “downward,” “down-hole,” “downstream,” or other like terms shall be construed as generally into the formation away from the surface or away from the surface of a body of water, regardless of the wellbore orientation. Use of any one or more of the foregoing terms shall not be construed as denoting positions along a perfectly vertical axis.
Unless otherwise specified, use of the term “subterranean formation” shall be construed as encompassing both areas below exposed earth and areas below earth covered by water such as ocean or fresh water.
In an embodiment as illustrated in
In an embodiment, the tubular string 12 may be of the type known to those skilled in the art such as a casing, a liner, a tubing, a production string, a work string, a drill string, a completion string, a lateral, or any type of tubular string may be used as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art upon viewing this disclosure. In an embodiment, the packers 18a-e may be configured to seal an annulus 20 formed radially between the tubular string 12 and the wellbore 14. In such an embodiment, the packers 18a-e may be configured for sealing engagement with an uncased or open hole wellbore 14. In an alternative embodiment, for example, if the wellbore is cased or lined, then cased hole-type packers may be used instead. For example, in an embodiment, swellable, inflatable, expandable and/or other types of packers may be used, as appropriate for the well conditions. In an alternative embodiment, no packers may be used, for example, the tubular string 12 could be expanded into contact with the wellbore 14, the tubular string 12 could be cemented in the wellbore, etc.
In the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
In an embodiment, it may be beneficial to initiate fractures 26 at multiple locations in a zone (e.g., in tight shale formations, etc.), in such cases the multiple injection valves can provide for selectively communicating (e.g., injecting) fluid 24 at multiple stimulation (e.g., fracture initiation) points along the wellbore 14. For example, as illustrated in
In an alternative embodiment, multiple valves 16a-e could be open while the fluid 24 is flowed into a zone of an earth formation 22. In the well system 10, for example, both of the valves 16b,c could be open while the fluid 24 is flowed into the zone 22b thereby enabling fractures to be formed at multiple fracture initiation locations corresponding to the open valves. In an embodiment, one or more of the valves 16a-e may be configured to operate at different times. For example, in an embodiment, one set (such as valves 16b,c) may be opened at one time and another set (such as valve 16a) could be opened at another time. In an alternative embodiment, one or more sets of the valves 16a-e may be opened substantially simultaneously. Additionally, in an embodiment, it may be preferable for only one set of the valves 16a-e to be open at a time, so that the fluid 24 flow can be concentrated on a particular zone, and so flow into that zone can be individually controlled.
It is noted that the wellbore servicing system 10 and method is described here and depicted in the drawings as merely one example of a wide variety of possible systems and methods which can incorporate the principles of this disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that those principles are not limited in any manner to the details of the wellbore servicing system 10 or associated method, or to the details of any of the components thereof (for example, the tubular string 12, the wellbore 14, the valves 16a-e, the packers 18a-e, etc.). For example, it is not necessary for the wellbore 14 to be vertical as depicted in
In an additional or alternative embodiment, the principles of this disclosure could be applied in circumstances where fluid is not only injected, but is also (or only) produced from the formation 22. In such an embodiment, the fluid 24 (e.g., oil, gas, water, etc.) may be produced from the formation 22. Thus, well tools other than injection valves can benefit from the principles described herein.
Thus, it should be understood that the scope of this disclosure is not limited to any particular positioning or arrangement of various components of the injection valve 16. Indeed, the principles of this disclosure are applicable to a large variety of different configurations, and to a large variety of different types of well tools (e.g., packers, circulation valves, tester valves, perforating equipment, completion equipment, sand screens, etc.).
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In an embodiment, the housing 30 may be characterized as a generally tubular body. The housing 30 may also be characterized as generally defining a longitudinal flowbore (e.g., the flow passage 36). Additionally, in an embodiment, the housing 30 may comprise one or more recesses or chambers formed by one or more interior and/or exterior portions of the housing 30, as will be disclosed herein. In an embodiment, the housing 30 may be configured for connection to and/or incorporation within a string, such as the tubular 12. For example, the housing 30 may comprise a suitable means of connection to the tubular 12. For instance, in an embodiment, the housing 30 may comprise internally and/or externally threaded surfaces as may be suitably employed in making a threaded connection to the tubular 12. In an additional or alternative embodiment, the housing 30 may further comprise a suitable connection interface for making a connection with a down-hole portion of the tubular 12. Alternatively, an injection valve like injection valve 16 may be incorporated within a tubular like tubular 12 by any suitable connection, such as for example, one or more quick connector type connections. Suitable connections to a tubular member will be known to those of ordinary skill in the art viewing this disclosure.
In an embodiment, the housing 30 may be configured to allow one or more sleeves to be slidably positioned therein, as will be disclosed herein. Additionally, in an embodiment, the housing 30 may further comprise a plurality of ports configured to provide a route of fluid communication between the exterior of the housing 30 and the flow passage 36 of the housing 30, when so-configured, as will be disclosed herein. For example, in the embodiment of
In an embodiment, the sleeve 32 may generally comprise a cylindrical or tubular structure. In an embodiment, the sleeve 32 may be slidably fit against an interior bore surface of the housing 30 in a fluid-tight or substantially fluid-tight manner. Additionally, in an embodiment, the sleeve 32 and/or the housing 30 may further comprise one or more suitable seals (e.g., an O-ring, a T-seal, a gasket, etc.) disposed at an interface between the outer cylindrical surface of the sleeve 32 and an inner housing surface, for example, for the purpose of prohibiting and/or restricting fluid movement via such an interface.
Referring to the embodiments of
Referring to the embodiments of
Referring to the embodiments of
In an embodiment, the sleeve 32 may be configured so as to be selectively moved downward (e.g., down-hole). For example, in the embodiments, of
In an embodiment, the sleeve 32 may further comprise a mandrel 54 comprising a retractable seat 56 and a piston 52. For example, in the embodiment of
In the embodiments of
In an embodiment, the actuator 50 may comprise a piercing member 46 and/or a valve device 44. In an embodiment, the piercing member 46 may be driven by any means, such as, by an electrical, hydraulic, mechanical, explosive, chemical, or any other type of actuator as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art upon viewing this disclosure. Other types of valve devices 44 (such as those described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/688,058 and/or U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/353,664, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by this reference) may be used, in keeping with the scope of this disclosure.
In an embodiment as illustrated in
In the embodiment shown
In an additional or alternative embodiment, the actuator 50 may be configured to actuate multiple injection valves (e.g., two or more of injection valve 16a-e). For example, in an embodiment, the actuator 50 may be configured to actuate multiple ones of the RAPIDFRAC™ Sleeve marketed by Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. of Houston, Tex. USA. In such an embodiment, the actuator 50 may be configured to initiate metering of a hydraulic fluid in the RAPIDFRAC™ Sleeves in response to a predetermined quantity of magnetic signals from signal members moving in a particular direction, as will be disclosed herein, for example, such that a plurality of the injection valves open after a certain period of time.
In the embodiments of
In the embodiment of
In an embodiment, the injection valve 16 may be configured, as previously disclosed, so as to allow fluid to selectively be emitted therefrom, for example, in response to sensing and/or experiencing a predetermined quantity of magnetic signals from signaling members moving in a particular direction. In an embodiment, the injection valve 16 may be configured to actuate upon experiencing a predetermined quantity of magnetic signals from signaling members moving in a particular direction, for example, as may be detected via the DMSAA 100, thereby providing a route of fluid communication to/from the flow passage 36 of the injection valve 16 via the ports (e.g., the openings 28).
As used herein, the term “magnetic signal” refers to an identifiable function of one or more magnetic characteristics and/or properties (for example, with respect to time), for example, as may be experienced at one or more locations within the flow passage (such as flow passage 36) of a wellbore servicing system and/or well tool (such as the wellbore servicing system 10 and/or the injection valve 16) so as to be detected by the well tool or component thereof (e.g., by the DMSAA 100). As will be disclosed herein, the magnetic signal may be effective to elicit a response from the well tool, such as to “wake” one or more components of the DMSAA 100, to actuate (and/or cause actuation of) the actuator 50 as will be disclosed herein, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the magnetic signal may be characterized as comprising any suitable type and/or configuration of magnetic field variations, for example, any suitable waveform or combination of waveforms, having any suitable characteristics or combinations of characteristics.
In an embodiment, the magnetic signal may be characterized as a generic magnetic signal. For example, in such an embodiment, the magnetic signal may comprise the presence or absence of a magnetic field (e.g., an induced magnetic field). Alternatively, in an embodiment a magnetic signal may be distinguishable from another magnetic signal. For example, a first magnetic signal may be distinct (e.g., have at least one characteristic that is identifiably different from) a second magnetic field. In such an embodiment, the magnetic signal may comprise a predetermined magnetic signal that is particularly associated with (e.g., recognized by) one or more valves 16. Suitable examples of such a predetermined magnetic signal are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 13/781,093 to Walton et al., and entitled “Method and Apparatus for Magnetic Pulse Signature Actuation,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
In an embodiment, the magnetic signal may be generated by or formed within a signaling member (e.g., well tool or other apparatus disposed within a flow passage), for example, the magnetic signal may be generated by a magnetic device 38 (e.g., a ball, a dart, a bullet, a plug, etc.) which may be communicated through the flow passage 36 of the injection valve 16. For example, in the embodiments of
In an embodiment, the magnetic device 38 may generally comprise a permanent magnet, a direct current (DC) magnet, an electromagnet, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the magnetic device 38 or a portion thereof may be made of a ferromagnetic material (e.g., a material susceptible to a magnetic field), such as, iron, cobalt, nickel, steel, rare-earth metal alloys, ceramic magnets, nickel-iron alloys, rare-earth magnets (e.g., a Neodymium magnet, a Samarium-cobalt magnet), other known materials such as Co-netic AA®, Mumetal®, Hipernon®, Hy-Mu-80®, Permalloy® (which all may comprise about 80% nickel, 15% iron, with the balance being copper, molybdenum, chromium), any other suitable material as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art upon viewing this disclosure, or combinations thereof. For example, in an embodiment, the magnetic device 38 may comprise a magnet, for example, a ceramic magnet or a rare-earth magnet (e.g., a neodymium magnet or a samarium-cobalt magnet). In such an embodiment, the magnetic device 38 may comprise a surface having a magnetic north-pole polarity and a surface having magnetic south-pole polarity and may be configured to generate a magnetic field, for example, the magnetic signal.
In an additional or alternative embodiment, the magnetic device 38 may further comprise an electromagnet comprising an electronic circuit comprising a current source (e.g., current from one or more batteries, a wire line, etc.), an insulated electrical coil (e.g., an insulated copper wire with a plurality of turns arranged side-by-side), a ferromagnetic core (e.g., an iron rod), and/or any other suitable electrical or magnetic components as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the arts upon viewing this disclosure, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the electromagnet may be configured to provide an adjustable and/or variable magnetic polarity. Additionally, in an embodiment the magnetic device 38 (which comprises the magnet and/or electromagnet) may be configured to engage one or more injection valves 16 and/or to not engage one or more other injection valves 16.
Not intending to be bound by theory, according to Ampere's Circuital Law, such an insulated electric coil may produce a temporary magnetic field while an electric current flows through it and may stop emitting the magnetic field when the current stops. Additionally, application of a direct current (DC) to the electric coil may form a magnetic field of constant polarity and reversal of the direction of the current flow may reverse the magnetic polarity of the magnetic field. In an embodiment, the magnetic device 38 may comprise an insulated electrical coil electrically connected to an electronic circuit (e.g., via a current source), thereby forming an electromagnet or a DC magnet. In an additional embodiment, the electronic circuit may be configured to provide an alternating and/or a varying current, for example, for the purpose of providing an alternating and/or varying magnetic field. Additionally, in such an embodiment, a metal core may be disposed within the electrical coil, thereby increasing the magnetic flux (e.g., magnetic field) of the electromagnet.
In an embodiment, the DMSAA 100 generally comprises a plurality (e.g., a pair) of magnetic sensors 40 and an electronic circuit 42, as illustrated in
In an embodiment, where the magnetic sensors 40 and the electronic circuit 42 comprise distributed components, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to communicate with the magnetic sensors 40 and/or actuator 50 via a suitable signal conduit, for example, via one or more suitable wires. Examples of suitable wires include, but are not limited to, insulated solid core copper wires, insulated stranded copper wires, unshielded twisted pairs, fiber optic cables, coaxial cables, any other suitable wires as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art upon viewing this disclosure, or combinations thereof. Additionally, in an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to communicate with the magnetic sensors 40 and/or the actuator 50 via a suitable signaling protocol. Examples of such a signaling protocol include, but are not limited to, an encoded digital signal.
In an embodiment, the magnetic sensor 40 may comprise any suitable type and/or configuration of apparatus capable of detecting a magnetic field (e.g., a particular, predetermined magnetic signal) within a given, predetermined proximity of the magnetic sensor 40 (e.g., within the flow passage 36 of the injection valve 16). Suitable magnetic sensors may include, but are not limited to, a magneto-resistive sensor, a giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensor, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor, a Hall-effect sensor, a conductive coils sensor, a super conductive quantum interference device (SQUID) sensor, or the like. In an additional embodiment, the magnetic sensor 40 may be configured to be combined with one or more permanent magnets, for example, to create a magnetic field that may be disturbed by a magnetic device (e.g., the magnetic device 38).
In an embodiment, the magnetic sensor 40 may be configured to output a suitable indication of a magnetic signal, such as the predetermined magnetic signal. For example, in an embodiment, the magnetic sensor 40 may be configured to convert a magnetic field to a suitable electrical signal. In an embodiment, a suitable electrical signal may comprise a varying analog voltage or current signal representative of a magnetic field and/or a variation in a magnetic field experienced by the magnetic sensor 40. In an alternative embodiment, the suitable electrical signal may comprise a digital encoded voltage signal in response to a magnetic field and/or variation in a magnetic field experienced by the magnetic sensor 40.
In the embodiment of
In an embodiment, each of the magnetic sensors 40 may be positioned for detecting magnetic fields and/or magnetic field changes in the passage 36. For example, in the embodiment of
Referring to the embodiment of
Suitable low magnetic permeability materials for the pressure barrier 82 can include Inconel and other high nickel and chromium content alloys, stainless steels (such as, 300 series stainless steels, duplex stainless steels, etc.). Inconel alloys have magnetic permeabilities of about 1×10−6, for example. Aluminum (e.g., magnetic permeability ˜1.26×10−6), plastics, composites (e.g., with carbon fiber, etc.) and other nonmagnetic materials may also be used.
Not intending to be bound by theory, an advantage of making the pressure barrier 82 out of a low magnetic permeability material is that the housing 30 can be made of a relatively low cost high magnetic permeability material (such as steel, having a magnetic permeability of about 9×10−4, for example), but magnetic fields produced by the magnetic device 38 in the passage 36 can be detected by the magnetic sensors 40 through the pressure barrier 82. That is, magnetic flux (e.g., the magnetic field) can readily pass through the relatively low magnetic permeability pressure barrier 82 without being significantly distorted.
In some examples, a relatively high magnetic permeability material 84 may be provided proximate the magnetic sensors 40 and/or pressure barrier 82, for example, in order to focus the magnetic flux on the magnetic sensors 40. For example, a permanent magnet could also be used to bias the magnetic flux, for example, so that the magnetic flux is within a linear range of detection of the magnetic sensors 40.
In some examples, the relatively high magnetic permeability material 84 surrounding the magnetic sensor 40 can block or shield the magnetic sensor 40 from other magnetic fields, such as, due to magnetism in the earth surrounding the wellbore 14. For example, the material 84 allows only a focused window for magnetic fields to pass through, and only from a desired direction. Not intending to be bound by theory, this has the benefit of preventing other undesired magnetic fields from contributing to the magnetic field experienced by the magnetic sensor 40 and, thereby, the output therefrom.
Referring now to
In the embodiment of
In an embodiment, the magnetic sensors 40 (e.g., the first magnetic sensor 40a or the second magnetic sensor 40b) may be employed, for example, for one or more of the purposes of implementing an actuation algorithm, error checking, redundancy testing, and/or any other suitable uses as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art upon viewing this disclosure when detecting a magnetic signal. For example, in an embodiment, the magnetic sensors 40 may be employed to determine the number of magnetic devices 38 within the flow passage 36 and/or the flow direction of travel/movement of the one or more magnetic devices 38, as will be disclosed herein. In an additional embodiment, the magnetic sensors 40 can be employed to detect the magnetic field(s) in an axial, radial or circumferential direction. Detecting the magnetic field(s) in multiple directions can increase confidence that the magnetic signal will be detected regardless of orientation. Thus, it should be understood that the scope of this disclosure is not limited to any particular positioning of the magnetic sensors 40.
In an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be generally configured to receive an electrical signal from the magnetic sensors 40, for example, so as to determine if variations in the magnetic field detected by the magnetic sensors 40 are indicative of a magnetic signal (e.g., a generic magnetic signal or a predetermined magnetic signal), to determine the direction of travel of a signaling member (e.g., a magnetic device) emitting the magnetic, and to determine the quantity of magnetic signals from signaling members moving in a particular direction. In an embodiment, upon a determination that the magnetic sensors 40 have experienced a predetermined quantity of magnetic signals from signaling members moving in a particular direction, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to output one or more suitable responses. For example, in an embodiment, in response to recognizing a predetermined magnetic pulse signature, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to wake (e.g., to enter an active mode), to sleep (e.g., to enter a lower power-consumption mode), to output an actuation signal to the actuator 50 or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be preprogrammed (e.g., prior to being disposed within the injection valve 16 and/or wellbore 14) to be responsive to a particular magnetic signal and/or a particular quantity of magnetic signals. In an additional or alternative embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to be programmable (e.g., via a well tool), for example, following being disposed within the injection valve 16.
In an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may comprise a plurality of functional units. In an embodiment, a functional unit (e.g., an integrated circuit (IC)) may perform a single function, for example, serving as an amplifier or a buffer. The functional unit may perform multiple functions on a single chip. The functional unit may comprise a group of components (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, diodes, and/or inductors) on an IC which may perform a defined function. The functional unit may comprise a specific set of inputs, a specific set of outputs, and an interface (e.g., an electrical interface, a logical interface, and/or other interfaces) with other functional units of the IC and/or with external components. In some embodiments, the functional unit may comprise repeat instances of a single function (e.g., multiple flip-flops or adders on a single chip) or may comprise two or more different types of functional units which may together provide the functional unit with its overall functionality. For example, a microprocessor or a microcontroller may comprise functional units such as an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), one or more floating-point units (FPU), one or more load or store units, one or more branch prediction units, one or more memory controllers, and other such modules. In some embodiments, the functional unit may be further subdivided into component functional units. A microprocessor or a microcontroller as a whole may be viewed as a functional unit of an IC, for example, if the microprocessor shares a circuit with at least one other functional unit (e.g., a cache memory unit).
The functional units may comprise, for example, a general purpose processor, a mathematical processor, a state machine, a digital signal processor (DSP), a receiver, a transmitter, a transceiver, a logic unit, a logic element, a multiplexer, a demultiplexer, a switching unit, a switching element an input/output (I/O) element, a peripheral controller, a bus, a bus controller, a register, a combinatorial logic element, a storage unit, a programmable logic device, a memory unit, a neural network, a sensing circuit, a control circuit, an analog to digital converter (ADC), a digital to analog converter (DAC), an oscillator, a memory, a filter, an amplifier, a mixer, a modulator, a demodulator, and/or any other suitable devices as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art.
In the embodiments of
In an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to sample an electrical signal (e.g., an electrical signal from the magnetic sensors 40) at a suitable rate. For example, in an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 sample rate may be about 1 Hz, alternatively, about 8 Hz, alternatively, about 12 Hz, alternatively, about 20 Hz, alternatively, about 100 Hz, alternatively, about 1 kHz, alternatively, about 10 kHz, alternatively, about 100 kHz, alternatively, about 1 megahertz (MHz), alternatively, any suitable sample rate as would be appreciated by one of skill in the art. In an embodiment, the sampling rate may be configured dependent upon one or more of the parameters associated with the intended operation of the valve, for example, the speed of a signaling member.
In an embodiment, upon determining that the magnetic sensor 40 has experienced a magnetic signal (e.g., a generic magnetic signal or a predetermined magnetic signal), the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to determine the direction of movement of the signaling member (e.g., the magnetic device 38) emitting the magnetic signal. For example, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to determine the direction of movement of the magnetic device 38 based upon the signals received from the magnetic sensors 40 (e.g., the first magnetic sensor 40a and the second magnetic sensor 40b). For example, in such an embodiment, the flow direction of the magnetic device 38 may be determined dependent on which magnetic sensor (e.g., the first magnetic sensor 40a and the second magnetic sensor 40b) experiences the predetermined magnetic signal first. For example, in an embodiment where the first magnetic sensor 40a is positioned up-hole of the second magnetic sensor 40b, a magnetic device 38 flowing in a down-hole direction will be first experienced by the first magnetic sensor 40a then subsequently by the second magnetic sensor 40b. Additionally, in such an embodiment, a magnetic device 38 flowing in an up-hole direction will be first experienced by the second magnetic sensor 40b then subsequently by the first magnetic sensor 40a. For example, in such an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured so as to recognize that receipt of a signal, first from the first sensor 40a and second from the second sensor 40b, is indicative of downward movement and to recognized recognize that receipt of a signal, first from the second sensor 40b and second from the first sensor 40a, is indicative of upward movement.
In an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to record and/or count the number of magnetic signals (e.g., generic magnetic signals or predetermined magnetic signals) experienced by the magnetic sensors 40, particularly, to record and/or count the number of magnetic devices 38 (e.g., emitting magnetic signals) passing through the valve 16 in a particular direction. In an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to increment and/or decrement a counter (e.g., a digital counter, a program variable stored in a memory device, etc.) in response to experiencing a magnetic signal (e.g., a predetermined magnetic signal) from a magnetic device 38 and based upon the flow direction of the magnetic device 38. Referring to
In an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be further configured to output a response (e.g., an electrical voltage or current signal) to the actuator 50 in response to a predetermined quantity of magnetic signals determined to have been received from a magnetic device traveling in a given direction (e.g., upon the counter reaching a given “count” or value, as disclosed herein). For example, in an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to transition an output from a low voltage signal (e.g., about 0 volts (V)) to a high voltage signal (e.g., about 5 V) in response to experiencing the predetermined number (e.g., in accordance with a counter “count” or value) of magnetic signals determined to have been received from a magnetic device traveling in a given direction. In an alternative embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to transition an output from a high voltage signal (e.g., about 5 V) to a low voltage signal (e.g., about 0 V) in response to experiencing the predetermined number of magnetic signals determined to have been received from a magnetic device traveling in a given direction.
Additionally, in an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to operate in either a low-power consumption or “sleep” mode or, alternatively, in an operational or active mode. The electronic circuit 42 may be configured to enter the active mode (e.g., to “wake”) in response to a predetermined quantity of magnetic signals determined to have been received from a magnetic device traveling in a given direction (e.g., one or more downwardly-moving signals). Additionally or alternatively, the electronic circuit 42 may be configured to enter the low-power consumption mode (e.g., to “sleep”), for example for a predetermined duration or until again caused to “wake,” in response to a predetermined quantity of magnetic signals determined to have been received from a magnetic device traveling in a given direction (e.g., one or more upwardly-moving signaling members). This method can help prevent extraneous magnetic fields from being misidentified as magnetic signals.
In an embodiment, the electronic circuit 42 may be supplied with electrical power via a power source. For example, in an embodiment, the injection valve 16 may further comprise an on-board battery, a power generation device, or combinations thereof. In such an embodiment, the power source and/or power generation device may supply power to the electronic circuit 42, to the magnetic sensor 40, to the actuator 50, or combination thereof, for example, for the purpose of operating the electronic circuit 42, to the magnetic sensor 40, to the actuator 50, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, such a power generation device may comprise a generator, such as a turbo-generator configured to convert fluid movement into electrical power; alternatively, a thermoelectric generator, which may be configured to convert differences in temperature into electrical power. In such embodiments, such a power generation device may be carried with, attached, incorporated within or otherwise suitable coupled to the well tool and/or a component thereof. Suitable power generation devices, such as a turbo-generator and a thermoelectric generator are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,162,050 to Roddy, et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. An example of a power source and/or a power generation device is a Galvanic Cell. In an embodiment, the power source and/or power generation device may be sufficient to power the electronic circuit 42, to the magnetic sensor 40, to the actuator 50, or combinations thereof. For example, the power source and/or power generation device may supply power in the range of from about 0.5 watts to about 10 watts, alternatively, from about 0.5 watts to about 1.0 watt.
One or more embodiments of an DMSAA (e.g., such as DMSAA 100), a well tool (e.g., such as the injection valve 16) comprising such a DMSAA 100, and/or a wellbore servicing system comprising a well tool (e.g., such as the injection valve 16) comprising such a DMSAA 100 having been disclosed, one or more embodiments of a wellbore servicing method employing such an injection valve 16, such a DMSAA 100, and/or such a system are also disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a wellbore servicing method may generally comprise the steps of positioning a tubular string (e.g., such as tubular string 12) having an injection valve 16 comprising a DMSAA 100 incorporated therein within a wellbore (e.g., such as wellbore 14), introducing a magnetic device 38 within the injection valve 16, and transitioning the injection valve 16 to allow fluid communication between the flow passage 36 of the injection valve 16 and the exterior of the injection valve 16 in recognition of a predetermined number of magnetic signals from signaling members moving in a particular direction.
As will be disclosed herein, the DMSAA 100 may control fluid communication through the tubular 12 and/or the injection valve 16 during the wellbore servicing operation. For example, as will be disclosed herein, during the step of positioning the tubular 12 within the wellbore 14, the DMSAA 100 may be configured to disallow fluid communication between the flow passage 36 of the injection valve 16 and the wellbore 14, for example, via not actuating the actuator 50 and thereby causing a sleeve (e.g., the sleeve 32) to be retained in the first position with respect to the housing 30, as will be disclosed herein. Also, for example, during the step of transitioning the injection valve 16 so as to allow fluid communication between the flow passage 36 of the injection valve 16 and the exterior of the injection valve 16 (e.g., upon recognition of a predetermined number of magnetic signals from signaling members moving in a particular direction) the DMSAA 100 may be configured to allow fluid communication between the flow passage 36 of the injection valve 16 and the exterior of the injection valve 16, for example, via actuating the actuator 50 thereby transitioning the sleeve 32 to the second position with respect to the housing 30, as will be disclosed herein.
In an embodiment, positioning the tubular 12 having an injection valve 16 comprising a DMSAA 100 incorporated therein within a wellbore 14 may comprise forming and/or assembling components of the tubular 12, for example, as the tubular 12 is run into the wellbore 14. For example, referring to
In an embodiment, the tubular 12 and/or the injection valves 16a-16e may be run into the wellbore 14 to a desired depth and may be positioned proximate to one or more desired subterranean formation zones (e.g., zones 22a-22d). In an embodiment, the tubular 12 may be run into the wellbore 14 with the injection valves 16a-16e configured in the first configuration, for example, with the sleeve 32 in the first position with respect to the housing 30, as disclosed herein. In such an embodiment, with the injection valves 16a-16e in the first configuration, each valve will prohibit fluid communication between the flow passage 36 of the injection valve 16 and the exterior of the injection valve 16 (e.g., the wellbore 14). For example, as shown in
In an embodiment, one or more magnetic devices 38 may be communicated through the flow passage 36 of the injection valve 16 (e.g., via the axial flowbore of the wellbore servicing system 10) and may be pumped down-hole to magnetically actuate and, optionally, engage one or more injection valves 16a-16e. For example, in an embodiment, a magnetic device 38 may be pumped into the axial flowbore of the wellbore servicing system 10, for example, along with a fluid communicated via one or more pumps generally located at the earth's surface.
In an embodiment, the magnetic device 38 may be configured to emit and/or to transmit a magnetic signal while traversing the axial flowbore of the wellbore servicing system 10. Additionally, in an embodiment the magnetic device 38 may transmit a magnetic signal which may be particularly associated with one or more injection valves (e.g., a signal effective to actuate only certain valves). In such an embodiment, the magnetic device 38 may be configured to target and/or to provide selective actuation of one or more injection valves, thereby enabling fluid communication between the flow passage of the one or more injection valves and the exterior of the one or more injection valves. Alternatively, in an embodiment the magnetic device 38 may transmit a magnetic signal which is not uniquely associated with any one injection valve. For example, the magnetic device 38 may transmit a magnetic signal which may be associated with multiple injection valves (e.g., all valves).
In an embodiment, transitioning the injection valve 16 so as to allow fluid communication between the flow passage 36 of the injection valve 16 and the exterior of the injection valve 16 in recognition of a predetermined number of magnetic signals from signaling members moving in a particular direction may comprise transitioning the injection valve 16 from the first configuration to the second configuration, for example, via transitioning the sleeve 32 from the first position to the second position with respect to the housing 30, as shown in
In the embodiment of
In an embodiment, the flow direction of the magnetic device 38 may be determined by the magnetic sensors 40 (e.g., the first magnetic sensor 40a and the second magnetic sensor 40b) and/or the electronic circuit 42 at 104, as disclosed herein.
In an embodiment, in response to experiencing a magnetic signal and determining the magnetic device 38 is flowing in a down-hole direction, the DMSAA 100 may increment a counter (e.g., a digital counter, a program variable stored in a memory device, etc.) at 106. Conversely, in response to experiencing a magnetic signal and determining the magnetic device 38 is flowing in an up-hole direction, the DMSAA 100 may decrement a counter (e.g., a digital counter, a program variable stored in a memory device, etc.) at 108. In an embodiment, following incrementing or decrementing a counter, the DMSAA 100 may continue to monitor the flow passage 36 of the injection valve 16 for the magnetic device 38 (e.g., a ball) and/or a predetermined magnetic signal at 102.
In an embodiment, upon recognition of a predetermined number of magnetic signals (e.g., predetermined magnetic signals) from signaling members moving in a particular direction, the DMSAA 100 may actuate (e.g., via outputting an actuation electrical signal) the actuator 50, thereby causing the sleeve 32 to move relative to the housing 30 and thereby transitioning the sleeve 32 from the first position to the second position with respect to the housing 30.
In an embodiment, for example, in the embodiment of
In an embodiment, when one or more injection valves 16 are configured for the communication of a servicing fluid, as disclosed herein, a suitable wellbore servicing fluid may be communicated to the subterranean formation zone associated with that valve. Nonlimiting examples of a suitable wellbore servicing fluid include but are not limited to a fracturing fluid, a perforating or hydrajetting fluid, an acidizing fluid, the like, or combinations thereof. The wellbore servicing fluid may be communicated at a suitable rate and pressure for a suitable duration. For example, the wellbore servicing fluid may be communicated at a rate and/or pressure sufficient to initiate or extend a fluid pathway (e.g., a perforation or fracture) within the subterranean formation and/or a zone thereof.
In an embodiment, when a desired amount of the servicing fluid has been communicated via a first valve 16, an operator may cease the communication. Optionally, the treated zone may be isolated, for example, via a mechanical plug, sand plug, or the like, or by a ball or plug. The process of transitioning a given valve from the first configuration to the second configuration (e.g., via the introduction of various magnetic devices) and communicating a servicing through the open valve(s) 16 may be repeated with respect to one or more of the valves, and the formation zones associated therewith.
Additionally, in an embodiment one or more magnetic devices may be removed from the tubular. In such an embodiment where a magnetic device 38 is removed from the tubular (e.g., via reverse circulation), it may be necessary to reintroduce such magnetic devices 38, for example, in order to reestablish the appropriate “count” associated with the counter for each valve 16 (e.g., because the counter may be decremented upon removal of such magnetic devices). Additionally or alternatively, in an embodiment a valve 16 may be configured to be disabled (e.g., for a predetermined time period) upon receipt of a particular magnetic signal (e.g., as disclosed herein), for example, such that one or more magnetic device may be removed without causing the counter of one or more valves 16 to be decremented as disclosed herein.
In an embodiment, a well tool such as the injection valve 16, a wellbore servicing system such as wellbore servicing system 10 comprising an injection valve 16 comprising a DMSAA, such as DMSAA 100, a wellbore servicing method employing such a wellbore servicing system 10 and/or such an injection valve 16 comprising a DMSAA 100, or combinations thereof may be advantageously employed in the performance of a wellbore servicing operation. In an embodiment, as previously disclosed, a DMSAA allows an operator to selectively actuate one or more injection valves, for example, via introducing a predetermined quantity of magnetic devices emitting a magnetic signal (which may or may not be particularly associated with the one or more injection valves). As such, a DMSAA may be employed to provide improved performance during a wellbore operation, for example, via allowing multiple injection valves to actuate substantially simultaneously and/or to be selectively actuated. Additionally, conventional well tools may be prone to false positive readings, for example, due to potential bidirectional flow of a magnetic device through the flow passage of a conventional tool. In an embodiment, a DMSAA may reduce accidental actuation of an injection valve, for example, as a result of a false positive sensing of a magnetic device and thereby provides improved reliability of the wellbore servicing system and/or well tool. For example, in an embodiment, a magnetic device will either increment or decrement a counter within the DMSAA 100 to distinguish between multiple magnetic devices traversing unidirectionally (e.g., in a down-hole direction) within the flow passage of the well tool and a single magnetic device moving bidirectionally (e.g., in a down-hole direction and then in an up-hole direction) within the flow passage of the well tool.
It should be understood that the various embodiments previously described may be utilized in various orientations, such as inclined, inverted, horizontal, vertical, etc., and in various configurations, without departing from the principles of this disclosure. The embodiments are described merely as examples of useful applications of the principles of the disclosure, which is not limited to any specific details of these embodiments.
Of course, a person skilled in the art would, upon a careful consideration of the above description of representative embodiments of the disclosure, readily appreciate that many modifications, additions, substitutions, deletions, and other changes may be made to the specific embodiments, and such changes are contemplated by the principles of this disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing detailed description is to be clearly understood as being given by way of illustration and example only, the spirit and scope of the invention being limited solely by the appended claims and their equivalents.
The following are nonlimiting, specific embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure:
A first embodiment, which is a wellbore servicing system comprising:
a tubular string disposed within a wellbore; and
a first well tool incorporated with the tubular string and comprising:
A second embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of the first embodiment, wherein the DMSAA is configured to determine the direction of movement of the magnetic device emitting the magnetic signal based upon a first signal received from the first magnetic sensor and a second signal received from the second sensor.
A third embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of the second embodiment, wherein, upon receipt of the first signal prior to receipt of the second signal, the DMSAA determines that the movement of the magnetic device is downward, and wherein, upon receipt of the second signal prior to receipt of the first signal, the DMSAA determines that the movement of the magnetic device is upward.
A fourth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of the third embodiment, wherein the DMSAA is configured to increment the counter in response to a determination that the movement of the magnetic device is downward, and wherein the DMSAA is configured to decrement the counter in response to a determination that the movement of the magnetic device downward.
A fifth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of the fourth embodiment, wherein the DMSAA sends an actuating signal upon the counter reaching the predetermined quantity.
A sixth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of one of the first through the fifth embodiments, wherein the magnetic signal comprises a generic magnetic signal.
A seventh embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of the sixth embodiment, wherein the generic magnetic signal is not particularly associated with one or more well tools including the first well tool.
An eighth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of one of the first through the fifth embodiments, wherein the magnetic signal comprises a predetermined magnetic signal.
A ninth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of one of the first through the fifth embodiments, wherein the predetermined magnetic signal is particularly associated with one or more well tools including the first well tool.
A tenth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of the ninth embodiment, wherein the DMSAA is configured to recognized the predetermined magnetic signal.
An eleventh embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of the third embodiment, wherein the DMSAA is configured to enter an active mode, to enter a low-power consumption mode, or combinations thereof based upon the direction of movement of the magnetic device.
A twelfth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of the eleventh embodiment, wherein the DMSAA is configured to enter the active mode in response to a determination that the movement of the magnetic device is downward.
A thirteenth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing system of the eleventh embodiment, wherein the DMSAA is configured to enter the low-power consumption mode in response to a determination that the movement of the magnetic device upward.
A fourteenth embodiment, which is a wellbore servicing tool comprising:
a first magnetic sensor and a second magnetic sensor disposed within the housing, wherein the first magnetic sensor is positioned up-hole of the second magnetic sensor;
an electronic circuit coupled to the first magnetic sensor and the second magnetic sensor; and
a memory coupled to the electronic circuit, wherein the memory comprises instructions that cause the electronic circuit to:
A fifteenth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing tool of the fourteenth embodiment, wherein detecting one or more magnetic devices comprises the first magnetic sensor or the second magnetic sensor experiencing the one or more magnetic signals.
A sixteenth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing method of one of the fourteenth through the fifteenth embodiments, wherein determining the flow direction of the magnetic device is based on the order of which the first magnetic sensor and the second magnetic sensor detect the magnetic device.
A seventeenth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing method of the sixteenth embodiment, wherein a magnetic device traveling in a first flow direction is detected by the first magnetic sensor followed by the second magnetic sensor and a magnetic device traveling in a second flow direction is detected by the second magnetic sensor followed by the first magnetic sensor.
An eighteenth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing method of the seventeenth embodiment, wherein adjusting the counter comprises incrementing the counter in response to the magnetic device traveling in the first flow direction and decrementing the counter in response to the magnetic device traveling in the second flow direction.
A nineteenth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing method of the seventeenth embodiment, wherein adjusting the counter comprises incrementing the counter in response to the magnetic device traveling in the second flow direction and decrementing the magnetic device counter in response to the magnetic device traveling in the first flow direction.
A twentieth embodiment, which is a wellbore servicing method comprising:
A twenty-first embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing method of the twentieth embodiment, wherein the DMSAA comprises a first magnetic sensor positioned up-hole of a second magnetic sensor.
A twenty-second embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing method of one of the twentieth through the twenty-first embodiments, wherein detecting one or more magnetic devices comprises the first magnetic sensor or the second magnetic sensor experiencing the one or more magnetic signal.
A twenty-third embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing method of the twenty-second embodiment, wherein determining the flow direction of the magnetic device is based on the order of which the first magnetic sensor and the second magnetic sensor detect the magnetic device.
A twenty-fourth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing method of the twenty-third embodiment, wherein a magnetic device traveling in a first flow direction is detected by the first magnetic sensor followed by the second magnetic sensor and a magnetic device traveling in a second flow direction is detected by the second magnetic sensor followed by the first magnetic sensor.
A twenty-fifth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing method of the twenty-fourth embodiment, wherein adjusting the magnetic device counter comprising incrementing the magnetic device counter in response to the magnetic device traveling in the first flow direction and decrementing the magnetic device counter in response to the magnetic device traveling in the second flow direction.
A twenty-sixth embodiment, which is the wellbore servicing method of the twenty-fourth embodiment, wherein adjusting the magnetic device counter comprising incrementing the magnetic device counter in response to the magnetic device traveling in the second flow direction and decrementing the magnetic device counter in response to the magnetic device traveling in the first flow direction.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, modifications thereof can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and teachings of the invention. The embodiments described herein are exemplary only, and are not intended to be limiting. Many variations and modifications of the invention disclosed herein are possible and are within the scope of the invention. Where numerical ranges or limitations are expressly stated, such express ranges or limitations should be understood to include iterative ranges or limitations of like magnitude falling within the expressly stated ranges or limitations (e.g., from about 1 to about 10 includes, 2, 3, 4, etc.; greater than 0.10 includes 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, etc.). For example, whenever a numerical range with a lower limit, Rl, and an upper limit, Ru, is disclosed, any number falling within the range is specifically disclosed. In particular, the following numbers within the range are specifically disclosed: R=Rl+k*(Ru−Rl), wherein k is a variable ranging from 1 percent to 100 percent with a 1 percent increment, i.e., k is 1 percent, 2 percent, 3 percent, 4 percent, 5 percent, . . . 50 percent, 51 percent, 52 percent, . . . , 95 percent, 96 percent, 97 percent, 98 percent, 99 percent, or 100 percent. Moreover, any numerical range defined by two R numbers as defined in the above is also specifically disclosed. Use of the term “optionally” with respect to any element of a claim is intended to mean that the subject element is required, or alternatively, is not required. Both alternatives are intended to be within the scope of the claim. Use of broader terms such as comprises, includes, having, etc. should be understood to provide support for narrower terms such as consisting of, consisting essentially of, comprised substantially of, etc.
Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above but is only limited by the claims which follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims. Each and every claim is incorporated into the specification as an embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the claims are a further description and are an addition to the embodiments of the present invention. The discussion of a reference in the Detailed Description of the Embodiments is not an admission that it is prior art to the present invention, especially any reference that may have a publication date after the priority date of this application. The disclosures of all patents, patent applications, and publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference, to the extent that they provide exemplary, procedural or other details supplementary to those set forth herein.
