Patent Grant
7612684
Currently, wireless systems that benefit from power amplifiers operating in different modes are implemented by providing two distinct amplifiers and using one or the other alternatively. However, using two distinct amplifiers results in cost and space penalties. For example, if the power amplifiers are integrated in a semiconductor, then approximately twice the die area is needed. If the power amplifiers are discrete, then two separate devices are needed with cost and board area implications. Furthermore, in current arrangements when two power amplifiers are used, the outputs of the amplifiers are combined via a switch, combiner, coupler, diplexer or some other such device, to drive the subsequent stage or the antenna.
Claimed subject matter is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. However, such subject matter may be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings in which:
It will be appreciated that for simplicity and/or clarity of illustration, elements illustrated in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, if considered appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding and/or analogous elements.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of claimed subject matter. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that claimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and/or circuits have not been described in detail.
In the following description and/or claims, the terms coupled and/or connected, along with their derivatives, may be used. In particular embodiments, connected may be used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical and/or electrical contact with each other. Coupled may mean that two or more elements are in direct physical and/or electrical contact. However, coupled may also mean that two or more elements may not be in direct contact with each other, but yet may still cooperate and/or interact with each other. For example, “coupled” may mean that two or more elements do not contact each other but are indirectly joined together via another element or intermediate elements. Finally, the terms “on,” “overlying,” and “over” may be used in the following description and claims. “On,” “overlying,” and “over” may be used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical contact with each other. However, “over” may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other. For example, “over” may mean that one element is above another element but not contact each other and may have another element or elements in between the two elements. Furthermore, the term “and/or” may mean “and”, it may mean “or”, it may mean “exclusive-or”, it may mean “one”, it may mean “some, but not all”, it may mean “neither”, and/or it may mean “both”, although the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In the following description and/or claims, the terms “comprise” and “include,” along with their derivatives, may be used and are intended as synonyms for each other.
Referring now to
Referring now to
In one or more embodiment, power amplifier 200 may comprise the power amplifier circuit of the transmitter section of radio-frequency transceiver 112 as shown in
As shown in
In one or more embodiments, power amplifier 200 may be biased to operate in a linear, or class A mode, if RFID interrogator 100 is operating in a fixed mode such as when receiving power from an alternating-current (ac) source such at that provide by a wall outlet. In one or more embodiments, power amplifier 200 may be biased to operate in a non-linear mode, such as class F operation, if RFID interrogator 100 is operating in a mobile, portable or hand-held mode such as when receiving power from a battery source. It should be noted that non-linear mode is a more efficient mode of operation than non-linear mode, and therefore non-linear mode may be more suitable for portable, hand-held type operation where power may be supplied from a battery. Non-linear mode may also be utilized in a fixed mode operation where power may be supplied from a wall outlet, however in such modes linear mode is generally utilized to achieve a greater power output where power consumption may be less of an issue than in a battery operated situation. However, these are merely examples of where a linear mode or a non-linear mode may be utilized, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects. In one or more alternative embodiments, power amplifier 200 may be biased to operate in a non-linear mode, such as class F operation, if RFID interrogator 100 is operating in a power over Ethernet (POE) mode such as when receiving power via a network or other input where the operational power may be constrained or limited. However, these are merely examples of how power amplifier 200 may operate in a linear or a non-linear mode based at least in part on the power provided to RFID reader, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.
In one or more embodiments, operation of power amplifier 200 may utilize a higher number of the multiple power amplifiers 210 when power amplifier 200 is operating in a linear mode such as class A, and may utilize a lower number of the power amplifiers 210 when operating in a non-linear mode such as class F. Thus, a trade off may be made between performance (i.e., power) and efficiency by biasing power amplifier 200 to operate in a linear mode and/or by turning on more of the multiple amplifiers 210 to achieve a higher level of performance and/or power, or by biasing power amplifier 200 to operate in a non-linear mode to achieve a higher level of efficiency of amplifier 200. It should be noted that turning on more or fewer of the multiple amplifiers may be used to increase or decrease the output power of power amplifier 200, and that changing the bias of power amplifier 200 may be used to change the efficiency of power amplifier 200. In one or more embodiments, power amplifier 200 may be disposed on a single integrated circuit that may be utilized in RFID interrogator 100 in multiple applications such as a fixed RFID interrogator 100 or a portable RFID interrogator 100, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.
In one or more embodiments, power amplifier 200 comprises a radio-frequency (RF) amplifier capable of operating in two or more different modes. In one mode, power amplifier 200 is capable of operating in linear mode biased in class A where the collector current and voltage waveforms have a 100% conduction angle, or near 100% conduction angle. In a second mode, power amplifier 200 is capable of operating in class F non-linear mode. In such a mode, power amplifier 200 is biased for 50% conduction angle collector current, or near 50% conduction angle collector current. In one or more embodiments, harmonic termination circuitry shorts all harmonics except for the third which is fixed to a certain level resulting in the collector voltage being slightly squared sine-wave which in turn increases the efficiency of power amplifier 200. In communication systems that use a constant amplitude modulation, operating power amplifier 200 in a class F mode will result in significantly higher efficiency compared to operation in class A. Power amplifier 200 will also operate at higher efficiency when power amplifier 200 is utilized in communications systems that utilize a modulation approach other than a conventional IQ modulation, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.
In one or more embodiments, power amplifier 200 may be implemented as part of an integrated silicon transceiver for RFID reader applications such as shown in and described with respect to
Although the claimed subject matter has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it should be recognized that elements thereof may be altered by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and/or scope of claimed subject matter. It is believed that the subject matter pertaining to a dual mode RF power amplifier and/or many of its attendant utilities will be understood by the forgoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and/or arrangement of the components thereof without departing from the scope and/or spirit of the claimed subject matter or without sacrificing all of its material advantages, the form herein before described being merely an explanatory embodiment thereof, and/or further without providing substantial change thereto. It is the intention of the claims to encompass and/or include such changes.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5550548 | Schuermann | Aug 1996 | A |
| 20050261564 | Ryu et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20070236336 | Borcherding | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20080238626 | Rofougaran et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20080315993 A1 | Dec 2008 | US |
