Patent Application
20170324139
This invention relates generally to a dual-polarized, thin film antenna structure and, more particularly, to a dual-polarized, wideband, thin film antenna structure including two U-shaped antenna radiating elements that provide for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) long term evolution (LTE) 4G cellular applications, where the antenna structure can be effectively adhered to vehicle glass.
Modern vehicles employ various and many types of antennas to receive and transmit signals for different communications systems, such as terrestrial radio (AM/FM), cellular telephone, satellite radio, dedicated short range communications (DSRC), GPS, etc. Further, cellular telephone is expanding into 4G long term evolution (LTE) that requires two antennas to provide multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operation. The antennas used for these systems are often mounted to a roof of the vehicle so as to provide maximum reception capability. Further, many of these antennas are often integrated into a common structure and housing mounted to the roof of the vehicle, such as a “shark-fin” roof mounted antenna module. As the number of antennas on a vehicle increase, the size of the structures required to house all of the antennas in an efficient manner and providing maximum reception capability also increases, which interferes with the design and styling of the vehicle. Because of this, automotive engineers and designers are looking for other suitable areas on the vehicle to place antennas that may not interfere with vehicle design and structure.
One of those areas is the vehicle glass, such as the vehicle windshield, which has benefits because glass typically makes a good dielectric substrate for an antenna. For example, it is known in the art to print AM and FM antennas on the glass of a vehicle where the printed antennas are fabricated within the glass as a single piece. However, those known systems are generally limited in that they could only be placed in a vehicle windshield or other glass surface in areas where viewing through the glass was not necessary.
As mentioned, the current state of the art for mobile cellular wireless communications technology is known as 4G, which provides greater data throughput and bandwidth than previous cellular communications technologies, such as 2G and 3G. LTE 4G cellular technology employs MIMO antennas at the transmitter and the receiver that provide an increase in the number of signal paths between the transmitter and the receiver, including multipath reflections off of various objects between the transmitter and the receiver, which allows for the greater data throughput. As long as the receiver can decouple the data being received on each path at the MIMO antennas where the signals are uncorrelated, then those paths can be used by the receiver to decipher data transmitted at the same frequency and at the same time. Thus, more data can be compressed into the same frequency providing higher bandwidth.
Automobile manufacturers are looking to provide 4G cellular technology in vehicles, which presents a number of design challenges especially if the MIMO antennas are incorporated as part of a common antenna structure mounted to the roof of the vehicle. For example, by housing the MIMO antennas, which include at least two antennas, in the traditional telematics antenna module mounted to the roof of the vehicle, the entire antenna volume of the module would need to increase because of the extra real estate required for the MIMO antennas, which require a low correlation of the received signals at the antennas. In other words, because the signals received by the MIMO antennas need to be significantly uncorrelated, the distance between the antennas needs to be some minimum distance depending on the frequency band being employed. This de-correlation between the antenna ports is often times difficult to achieve in various designs if the antenna elements are located at the same general location because the signals received at the port would be very similar. This problem can be overcome by moving the antennas farther apart. Due to the increased size and volume of the antenna module, the required packaging for the MIMO antennas may no longer meet the styling and other requirements of the vehicle.
For MIMO LTE cellular systems, polarization diversity and multiplexing is one of the techniques employed to increase spectral efficiency and improve LTE signal link quality. Spatial multiplexing provides significant improvement in a non-line-of-sight environment because the spatial correlation among multiple propagation channels is low. However, using polarization diversity for MIMO operations with dual-polarized antenna promises to be a more effective method in a line-of-sight environment with outdoor conditions for vehicle applications.
The present invention discloses and describes a thin film, flexible, co-planar waveguide (CPW), dual-polarized antenna structure suitable to be mounted on vehicle glass and that has particular application for MIMO LTE applications in the frequency band of, for example, the 0.46-3.8 GHz. The antenna structure includes two U-shaped antenna radiating elements that receive signals that are linearly polarized in two orthogonal horizontal (H) and vertical (V) directions, where the radiating elements are separated by a ground plane line.
Additional features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The following discussion of the embodiments of the invention directed to a thin film, flexible, CPW, dual-polarized antenna structure including two antenna radiating elements applicable for a MIMO LTE system and being suitable to be adhered to a curved dielectric structure is merely exemplary in nature, and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its applications or uses. For example, the discussion herein talks about the antenna structure being applicable to be adhered to automotive glass. However, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the antenna structure will have application for other dielectric structures other than automotive structures and other than transparent or translucent surfaces.
As will be discussed in detail below, the present invention proposes providing a thin film, flexible, wideband, CPW antenna structure mountable on the windshield 16, the rear window 18, or any other window or dielectric substrate on the vehicle 10, where the antenna structure is flexible to conform to the shape of the particular dielectric substrate, and where the antenna structure can be mounted at any suitable location on the dielectric substrate, including locations on the windshield 16 that the vehicle driver needs to see through. The antenna structure has particular application for MIMO LTE applications in the frequency range of, for example, 0.46-3.8 GHz, and includes two U-shaped antenna radiating elements that are linearly polarized in two orthogonal horizontal (H) and vertical (V) directions. In one embodiment, the antenna structure is a wideband monopole appliqué antenna that is installed directly on the surface of the dielectric structure by a suitable adhesive. The antenna structure can be designed to operate on automotive glass of various physical thicknesses and dielectric properties, where the antenna structure operates as intended when installed on the glass or other dielectric since in the design process the glass or other dielectric is considered in the antenna geometry pattern development.
The antenna 30 can be formed by any suitable low loss conductor, such as copper, gold, silver, silver ceramic, metal grid/mesh, etc. If the antenna 30 is at a location on the vehicle glass that requires the driver or other vehicle occupant to see through the glass, then the conductor can be any suitable transparent conductor, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), silver nano-wire, zinc oxide (ZnO), etc. Performance of the antenna 30 when it is made of a transparent conductor could be enhanced by adding a conductive frame along the edges of the antenna 30 as is known in the art.
The thickness of automotive glass may vary approximately over 2.8 mm-5 mm and may have a relative dielectric constant εr in the range of 4.5-7.0. The antenna 30 includes a single layer conductor and a co-planar waveguide (CPW) feed structure to excite the antenna radiator. The CPW feed structure can be configured for mounting the connector 38 in a manner appropriate for the CPW feed line or for a pigtail or a coaxial cable. When the connector 38 or the pigtail connection to the CPW line is completed, the antenna 30 can be protected with the passivation layer 36. In one embodiment, when the antenna 30 is installed on the glass layer 26, a backing layer of the transfer tape can be removed. By providing the antenna conductor on the inside surface of the vehicle windshield 22, degradation of the antenna 30 can be reduced from environmental and weather conditions.
In one specific embodiment, the antenna 30 is a dual-polarized MIMO LTE antenna that employs orthogonal vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarized signals having good isolation between the two polarizations that potentially establishes lower channel correlation. The antenna 30 is a co-planar slot type wideband antenna covering the LTE band from 0.46-3.8 GHz. The antenna 30 includes a circular slot that is excited by two orthogonal U-shaped monopoles fed through tapered CPW lines that are patterned into a single layer flexible PCV substrate. The currents on the slots fed by the CPW signal strip mainly contribute to the wideband frequency response. The center strips and circular patch at the center provide an improved isolation between the two antenna ports, thus providing better polarization isolation. The fabricated antenna can be installed on to the vehicle glass by applying a dielectric adhesive on the non-conductive side of the antenna and pressing the antenna against the glass.
The antenna structure 40 includes a first printed antenna radiating element 58 having a U-shaped radiating portion 60 that extends into the slot 50 along one side of the plane 48 and on one side of the ground line 52. The radiating element 58 also includes a signal feed line 62 coupled to the radiating portion 60 and extending into a slot 64 formed in a ground portion 66 of a CPW feed structure 68, where the ground portion 66 is part of the ground plane 48. Likewise, the antenna structure 40 includes a second printed antenna radiating element 70 having a U-shaped radiating portion 72 that extends into the slot 50 along an orthogonal side of the plane 48 to the side that the radiating portion 72 extends and on an opposite side of the ground line 52. The radiating element 70 also includes a signal feed line 74 coupled to the radiating portion 72 and extending into a slot 76 formed in a ground portion 78 of a CPW feed structure 80, where the ground portion 78 is part of the ground plane 48. In this embodiment, the U-shaped antenna elements 58 and 70 are elliptical in nature, and have a particular size for the frequency band being discussed herein.
As discussed above, the antenna 46 is dual-polarized in the V and H orthogonal polarization directions. Further, the ground line 52 provides isolation between the two polarizations. The signals received by the antenna 46 create currents along the ground line 52 and in the circle portion 54 that provide isolation for the ports or the signal lines 62 and 74 of the antenna elements 58 and 70, respectively.
Any suitable feed structure can be employed for feeding the antenna radiating elements 58 and 70.
The foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from such discussion and from the accompanying drawings and claims that various changes, modifications and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
This application claims the benefit of the priority date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/332,611, titled, Dual Polarized Wideband LTE Thin Film Antenna, filed May 6, 2016.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62332611 | May 2016 | US |
