Patent Application
20220131409
The present invention is in the field of a dual power switching system.
A variety of different United States patents have provided retrofit emergency lighting systems, but these are designed as complete systems rather than retrofits.
For example, in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,906,243 Herzog, Retrofit Emergency Lighting System by inventor Rolley R. Herzog, published Sep. 16, 1975 the abstract discloses, “A retrofit emergency lighting system including a 60 Hz AC ballast for operating at least one gaseous discharge lamp. There is provided a means for substantially electrically isolating the secondary side of the ballast transformer from ground thereby reducing the hazard of electrical shock during lamp replacement. The ballast transformer is an isolation transformer having the secondary winding connected across the lamp. A pair of filament windings are connected to the filaments of the lamp and are positioned laterally with respect to the primary winding and in a pancake form so as to provide low capacitance between the filament windings and primary winding. An inverter circuit, which is driven by a DC battery, is further connected across the lamp for operating the lamp during emergency conditions. The inverter circuit operates at such a frequency so as to minimize capacitive leakage and inductive shunt current losses.”
For example, in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,462, Emergency Light Battery Charger Circuit by inventor Thomas F. Roche, published Apr. 17, 1979 the abstract discloses, “A battery charger circuit for providing a charging current to a rechargeable battery from AC line voltage. The charger circuit is especially adapted for use in an emergency light and includes circuitry to provide automatic charging current shut-off when the battery is fully charged. Failure of AC power is detected by the charger circuit, and current is applied to an emergency lamp in response to such failure. Circuitry is included for monitoring the charge state of the battery and for interrupting discharge current to the lamp from the battery when the charge state falls below a predetermined limit. Provision is included for use of the battery charger circuit in a portable lantern configuration.”
For example, in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,216,410, Emergency Lighting System by inventor Robert S. Feldstein, published Aug. 5, 1980 the abstract discloses, “An emergency light entirely self-contained that fits into a standard AC fixture in place of a fluorescent or other vapor lamp employs a similar lamp and a rechargeable battery with a system which operates the lamp normally on AC but if AC power fails operates the lamp using battery power. During normal operation on AC the battery is charged by a rectifier charger unit operating in series with the lamp current, which limits battery charge current. When AC power fails the lamp is electrically isolated from the AC line and operated by an inverter unit drawing power from the battery.”For example, in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,223,232, Battery Charging Circuit For
An Emergency System by inventor Bulent Bulat, published Sep. 16, 1980 the abstract discloses, “A single active element performs the multiple functions of regulating DC voltage level from an AC source supplied to charge a battery and of coupling the battery to power an emergency system such as an emergency lighting system upon loss of the AC source. Preferably, the single active element also performs a third function of disconnecting the battery from the emergency system in time to prevent over discharge and consequent permanent damage to the battery.”
For example, in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,365,145, Emergency Lighting System by inventor Gregory S. Fields, published Nov. 15, 1994 the abstract discloses, “An emergency lighting system for providing low voltage DC battery powered illumination to one or more areas of a home, apartment, office or other building structure in an emergency mode upon the failure or termination in such areas of a normal AC power mode. The system includes a voltage step-down transformer with the leads of its primary winding interconnected to a normal AC power source and forming therewith an AC circuit. A power rectifier has its input leads interconnected to the terminals of the low AC voltage secondary winding of the transformer and its DC voltage output leads interconnected to the terminals of an emergency battery power source. One or more low voltage incandescent lamps are interconnected to the terminals of the battery and form therewith an emergency DC circuit. A control relay interacts between the AC circuit and the DC circuit of the system with the DC circuit contacts of the relay interconnected in one of the low voltage leads of the DC circuit between the lamps and the battery and with the coil of the relay interconnected in the AC circuit for maintaining the DC contacts of the DC circuit open during normal AC current flow in the AC circuit and responsive to a termination or failure of the AC power source and cessation of AC current flow in the AC circuit to close the DC circuit contacts of the relay whereby the low voltage lamps are energized by the battery to produce emergency illumination.”
For example, in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,859,499, Emergency Lighting System With A DC Sensing Load Relay by inventor Robert McAfee et al., published Jan. 12, 1999 the abstract discloses, “An emergency lighting system has emergency light units operable by DC power and connected to a source of AC and DC power by the same conduit system. Power to the conduit system may be switched from AC to DC in the event of a power failure and a load relay module in the conduit system adjacent the light units senses the change to DC current and switches from an Ac load output to a DC load output to supply DC power to the emergency light units. The system will generally include both exit signs operable by both AC and DC power and emergency light units operable only by DC power.”
The present invention is an emergency system for multiple fixtures. Most emergency ballasts or drivers are designed for individual fixtures. The emergency ballasts drives the load such as a fluorescent or LED light emitting diode lamp directly so modularized wiring is difficult to install and maintain. The present invention differs from the prior art by providing an emergency system for one or multiple fixtures on the same circuit without extra wiring for emergency control in each individual picture. The present invention uses different voltages to distinguish normal operation or emergency operation. A driver or adapter in the fixture can respond to different voltages to work in a correct mode.
Objects of the present invention include providing benefits by allowing reuse of presently existing wiring, minimizing cost increases for driver designs, enabling any fixture to be emergency ready, and achieving a centralized single circuit emergency system.
A dual power switching system has a power input and a normal driver. The power input is connected to the normal driver and powers the normal driver. A logic circuit is configured to detect an abnormal power state. A secondary driver is connected to the logic circuit. The logic circuit activates the secondary driver in the abnormal power state. A series of lamps is powered by the normal driver in a normal state, and powered by the secondary driver in the abnormal power state. The lamps can be connected to the normal driver and also the secondary driver. The emergency power supply includes a secondary emergency switch and a boost power supply.
The emergency power supply is incorporated into the normal driver. The normal driver has a secondary emergency switch. The emergency power supply is incorporated as a DIM input into the normal driver. The DIM input receives a signal from an emergency adapter. The logic circuit is formed on the emergency adapter. The normal driver can provide an AC output, while the emergency driver provides a DC output. The normal driver can provide a normal DC output, and the emergency driver provide a emergency DC output. The emergency DC output is lower than the normal DC output.
The following call out list of elements can be a useful guide in referencing the elements of the drawings.
D1 first diode
21 first lamp
22 second lamp
23 third lamp
24 fourth lamp
29 emergency adapter
30 normal driver
31 normal driver first output
32 normal driver second output
33 normal driver first input
34 normal driver second input
40 DC driver
41 DC driver first output
42 DC driver second output
43 DC first input
44 DC driver second input
50 secondary emergency switch
51 emergency switch first output
52 emergency switch second output
53 emergency switch first input
54 emergency switch second input
55 second emergency switch logic
60 primary emergency switch
61 first power input line
62 second power input line
63 first light unit
64 second light unit
65 third light unit
66 emergency voltage
67 normal voltage
68 neutral line
70 BOOST power supply
71 BOOST power supply first output
72 BOOST power supply second output
73 BOOST power supply first input
74 BOOST power supply second input
75 signal connection
As seen in
The primary emergency switch 60 can be fashioned as a relay, or any electrical switching device. During normal mode, normal voltage is controlled by wall switch to be on and off and emergency voltage is not available. When emergency voltage is available, it will trigger the switch to disconnect normal voltage and connect EM voltage. All lights will respond to EM voltage by turning off or working in emergency mode.
As seen in
When the normal voltage is switched to the emergency voltage line 66, the emergency voltage line 66 outputs a low-voltage emergency current having 6-60 volts in direct current (DC). The DC driver 40 has a DC driver first output 41 and a DC driver second output 42 connected in series with the lamps. The DC driver has a DC first input 43, and a DC driver second input 44. The secondary emergency switch 50 senses the change in voltage type from alternating current to direct current. The change of voltage type triggers the secondary emergency switch 50 to activate. The secondary emergency switch 50 is connected in parallel or series to the AC driver 30 and has a emergency switch first output 51 connecting to the DC driver first input 43 and a emergency switch second output 52 connecting to the DC driver second input 44. The secondary emergency switch 50 also includes an emergency switch first input 53 connected to the first power input 61 and an emergency switch second input 54 connected to the second power input 62. The secondary emergency switch 50 can be programmed or hardwired with a second emergency switch logic 55 for governing switching activation.
The normal driver can operate in a normal operation with the lamps in series. In an emergency situation, the secondary emergency switch can power a DC driver 40 which is connected in parallel to the normal driver 30.
In this type of configuration, the normal input voltage is AC, which could be from 100 VAC to 480 VAC. The emergency input voltage is DC. The logic circuit may have a rule driven logic with a lower emergency voltage than normal voltage. The lower emergency voltage may have partial light which would be a dimming effect. The emergency state may disable the normal driver 30 and enable the enable DC driver 40 to drive the LED array or a portion of the LED array.
As seen in
The boost power supply 70 supplies an AC current from the BOOST power supply first output 71 and the BOOST power supply second output 72. The boost power supply 70 receives power from the secondary emergency switch 50 at the BOOST power supply first input 73 and the BOOST power supply second input 74. This configuration is more similar to a standard uninterrupted power supply UPS where DC power is converted back to AC power.
The DC driver 40 is connected in series to the driver. The secondary emergency switch logic 55 is built into the secondary emergency switch 50 and can switch to the boost power supply 70 when in emergency use. The secondary emergency switch 50 can be wired in parallel to the normal driver 30 because the normal driver 30 will not operate in an emergency condition.
The secondary emergency switch logic 55 may provide a normal alternating current voltage and a lower direct current voltage in an emergency state. The logic circuit can judge if the circuit is in an emergency mode. In an emergency mode, the logic circuit can boost the emergency voltage to keep the normal driver working at emergency level. For example, the emergency voltage can be set at a percentage of the normal light output, such as 10% of normal light output. The secondary emergency switch logic 55 may also disable any controls on the normal driver.
As seen in
The secondary emergency switch senses voltage on a secondary emergency switch first input 53 and compares the voltage with the secondary emergency switch logic 55 to determine if an emergency condition exists. The secondary emergency switch 50 is connected to the first power input line 61 and the second power input line 62. The BOOST power supply 70 has a BOOST power supply first output 71 and a BOOST power supply second output 72.
The second emergency switch 50, lamps 21 and normal driver 30 can be implemented as a second light unit 64 of the overall system. In this configuration, the nominal voltage is a high disease voltage and the emergency voltage is a low DC voltage. A Diode D1 prevents high voltage flowing back to low voltage. The logic circuit judges if the system is in emergency mode. If the system is in not in emergency mode, then the emergency voltage is boosted back to a normal voltage range. If the system is in emergency mode, then the logic circuit controls the driver to work at an emergency level.
As seen in
The normal voltage and input voltage are different, but the driver voltage range can cover both ranges. The logic circuit 55 judges if it is emergency mode. If in an emergency mode, the logic circuit 55 controls the driver to operate in the emergency mode and also disables any controls.
As seen in
As seen in
Again, the logic circuit senses if the present power state is in an emergency mode. If the power state is in an emergency mode, the logic circuit disables the normal driver, and enables the emergency driver to output at emergency levels for all or part of the LED lamps. This add-on goal power switching system can be formed as an emergency adapter which allows easy conversion of regular drivers to add an emergency function. When the emergency adapter logic circuit judges the power state to be in an emergency mode, the logic circuit disables the outside dim signal, buck or boost EM voltage to a normal voltage range and sends a dim signal to control the normal driver to drive the LED at an emergency level.
