Not applicable.
Not applicable.
The present invention relates to training devices for public safety officials and those training to become public safety officials who may be required to forcibly enter through doorways. More specifically, the present invention relates to training devices that allow public safety officials and trainees to practice door breaches under a variety of different scenarios.
Public safety personnel, e.g. fire fighters, police, sheriffs, military, are often faced with the need to perform forced entry through doorways. A forced entry can be, and often is, a life-threatening situation, where a hesitation could mean the difference between life and death. Every second counts. It is critical that these public safety personnel know how to enter a structure quickly and safely before they are put on the front lines where there is no room for error.
In the past, forced entry training was performed using conventional doors and doorframes. While the training was very realistic, it was quite expensive due to the cost of constant replenishment of doors. Because of the expense, many training facilities limit door breach training to a minimum.
Manufacturers have developed doors that could be used repeatedly to practice breach training. However, use of these doors by training facilities has drawbacks, which continue to prevent their widespread use. For example, the doors are generally made for one type of breach only, e.g. ballistic, ramming, or pry breaches. As such, the training facilities are forced to buy multiple doors to meet various real-world situations that might be encountered during service.
It would serve those who perform emergency or law-enforcement related door breaching operations to provide doors that could be used for breach-training that are reusable and which demonstrate various types of breaches, thus eliminating the expense involved in purchasing multiple training doors.
The present invention replicates those scenarios trainees encounter when performing various types of breaches, in a cost effective manner. Trainees may utilize the invention for breach training using ballistics, ramming, and prying techniques without the need to purchase additional doors. The difficulty and type of breach being replicated is fully adjustable.
These and other benefits are recognized by the system of the invention, which in one embodiment comprises a dual-swing door adapted for engagement with a removable strike plate and a base attached to the doorframe that does not obstruct access to the front of the door. The system further includes a pair of hinge systems adapted to allow inward and outward swinging of the door and a removable means for adjustably securing the door and the doorframe in a coaxial position.
In another embodiment of the invention, the removable means for adjustably securing the door and the doorframe in a coaxial position comprises a first insert removably attached to the door and a second insert removably attached to the doorframe and at least one of a plurality of dowels inserted there through for adjustably restraining the door.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the removable means for adjustably securing the door and doorframe in a coaxial position comprises a first insert attached to the door and a second insert attached to the doorframe and a locking mechanism adapted to be engaged by the inserts to restrain movement of the door.
The present invention is a dual-swing breach training system that replicates scenarios encountered when performing an actual door breach. The system addresses several major problems associated with door breach training. The first problem is the expense incurred because of the purchase of realistic doors that are destroyed after every training breach. The second is the expense incurred because of the purchase of multiple breach training doors because of the variety of doors being used by the public, e.g. outward swinging doors, inward swinging doors. As used herein, “inward swinging” and “inward direction” refer to the swinging of the door on the side of the system and direction into which the door would function if it were an actual door. Similarly, “outward swinging” and “outward direction” refer to the swinging of the door on the opposite side of the system and direction into which the door would function if it were an actual door. The invention dual-swing breach training system allows law enforcement officials to train just as they would during a real forced-entry situation because it will respond just as a real door would respond upon all types of forcible entry, including ballistic, ram, or prying types of entries. The amount of force required to break through the door is adjustable, as well as the swing of the door.
With reference to the Figures, an embodiment of the novel dual-swing breach training system 2 is illustrated. The breach training system 2 comprises door 12, doorframe 14, base 150, a pair of hinges 16, 17, and a removable means 70 for adjustably securing door 12 and doorframe 14 in a coaxial position positioned between door 12 and doorframe 14. With specific reference to FIGS. 1 and 3-5, door 12 has a solid perimeter that includes at least one aperture therein for engagement with a removable and slidable strike plate 60. At least one other aperture 50 is included for retaining removeable means 70 for securing door 12 in a coaxial position with doorframe 14. The solid perimeter of door 12 includes a pair of cross members 110 and pair of side members 112 connects in a rectangular configuration. At least one of the side members 112 includes a pair of apertures therein for engagement with hinges 16, 17.
Turning to
Doorframe 14 includes a pair of side beams 116 and a cross beam 114 connecting the two side beams 116. Doorframe 14 includes a holder 52 for at least one means for securing door 12 in a coaxial position with doorframe 14.
With reference to
The location of hinges 16, 17 is key because it allows trainees to practice breaches using a standard size door. Some prior art devices have doors that are shorter or narrower than what is standard because of placement of the door hinge inside the doorframe. The door must be cut to allow it to swing within the doorframe.
The means of attachment of socket 26 to either doorframe 14 or central member 120 may be by any known attachment means, including, but not limited to welding, nuts and bolts, screws, or other fasteners. In a specific embodiment, socket 26 is welded to base 150, which stabilizes the system 2 during use. In alternative embodiments, socket 26 is attached to base 150 using a pair of angle brackets and removable bolts, thereby facilitating disassembly and transport of the system of the system 2. The first rod end 20 is partially inserted within apertures 8, 10 of doorframe 14, while the other end 21 is engaged within socket 26.
In a more specific embodiment, hinge 16 comprises rod 18, having a 1⅛″ diameter and socket 26 is 2¼″ square and includes a cylindrical hole therein having about a 1⅛″ diameter for engagement with a portion of rod 18.
Rod 18 is not removable and remains in constant contact with door 12 and doorframe 14. Prior art devices have placed hinges inside the doorframe, which has resulted in decreased door size. In addition, the hinges' position within the doorframe limits the range of rotation of the door within the frame, limiting use of door 12 to either inward swinging or outward swinging. The present breach training system 2, allows door 12 to swing in an inward and outward direction, thus reducing the number of doors necessary for training purposes. Hinge 16 allows door 12 to essentially pivot about the socket, and does not limit the horizontal range of motion of door 12. Hinge 16 may be bullet proof, explosive proof, or fire proof in alternative embodiments of the invention. In specific embodiments of the invention, hinge 16 is of steel construction, which is impervious to bullets, explosives, and force.
Breach training system 2 may be used to simulate forced door entries, repeatedly without the necessity to purchase a new door after it has been breached. Simulated breaches include those accomplished with the use of rams, pry bars, explosives, Haligan tools, fire, and other techniques.
Breach training system 2 is versatile enough to simulate many types of door breaches. This is accomplished by allowing the use of a removable, slideable strike plate 60 within door 12. While the use of strike plates is not novel, the strike plate 60 is reversible allowing for training from all sides. Strike plate 60 is also slidable, allowing the trainee to chose when to employ it. With reference to
In the specific embodiment illustrated in
Strike plate 60 may also comprise handles 62 to enable ease of removal.
Breach training system 2 also includes a removable means 70 for adjustably securing door 12 and doorframe 14 in a coaxial position. Removable means 70 is positioned between door 12 and doorframe 14 and allows trainees to practice all types of breaches, including prying, in both an inward and outward direction. Means 70 is removable and in the embodiment depicted in
Holder 52 may be any device capable of securing insert 78 to doorframe 14. In the specific embodiment of the invention depicted in
In the embodiment of the invention depicted in
Dowels 72 do not penetrate door 12. During use, dowels 72 simulate locks within the breach training system 2 which may be breached without causing damage to door 12 or doorframe 14. The number and placement of dowels 72 are variable depending on the desired training. Any dowel 72 that is commercial available may be employed. Any dowel-shaped object may replace dowel 72 without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Referring to
Dowels 72 are adapted to fail under predetermined conditions, allowing the trainee to experience different types of breaches. For example, dowels 72 may be adapted to fail at 200 pounds of pressure. Or, they may be adapted to fail at 400 pounds of pressure. The specific purpose for the training will determine the type of dowel 72 employed within the removable means 70 at any given time.
Once the breach has occurred, broken dowels 72 are removed and can be readily replaced allowing re-use of breach training system 2. If the removable means 70 for securing door 12 and doorframe 14 in a coaxial condition is damaged during the breach, it too may be replaced without requiring replacement of the entire breach training system 2.
In another embodiment of breach training system 2, additional restraint means 90 are employed in addition to removable means 70. With reference to the embodiment of breach training system 2 that is depicted in
Additional restraint means 90 may be any device that is capable of making swinging of door 12 more difficult to accomplish. Additional restraint means 90 may be wooden blocks that are inserted through and extend between door 12 and doorframe 14. Additional restraint means 90 may be of any size, shape or material of manufacture capable of maintaining the position of door 12 and doorframe 14 in a closed, or coaxial position. In a specific embodiment, breach training system 2 comprises two additional restraint means 90 inserted through and extending between door 12 and doorframe 14, the additional restraint means 90 each comprises a 2″×4″ piece of wood.
In an alternative embodiment illustrated in
In the embodiment of the invention depicted in
Inserts 76, 78 could be made of any type of material upon which the trainee desires to practice. For example, and in a specific embodiment of the invention, if the trainee would like to breach steel doors, insert 76 would comprise steel. In another embodiment of the invention, insert 76 comprises soft wood to simulate doors made of soft woods. In a further embodiment, insert 76 comprises hard wood to simulate doors made of hard wood.
At least one locking mechanism 74 may be employed in the invention. In one embodiment, a plurality of locking mechanisms 74 is employed. Locking mechanism 74 may be any device capable of locking a door. The types of locking mechanisms 74 employed may vary within the same door 12, or may be the same.
It should be noted that the means for securing door 12 and doorframe 14 in a coaxial condition are not mutually exclusive, i.e. more than one means may be employed within a single breach training system 2. As such, in one embodiment of the invention, removable means 70 includes insert 76, insert 78, at least one locking mechanism 74, and at least one wooden dowel 72. In this embodiment, locking mechanism 74 may or may not be in an engaged-position during use.
Prior art devices have legs that project outwardly at a perpendicular angle from the front side of the doorframe. In other words, the legs are straight, causing tripping as breachers approach the door. In addition, prior art devices often have a reinforcement bar that runs between the legs that must be stepped over as one approaches the door. The present invention includes base 150 that avoids these problems.
Base 150 comprises two pairs of legs 102 for engagement with the ground. The two pairs of legs 102 are connected to a bottom portion of side beams 116 of doorframe 14 and positioned parallel to the ground. Legs 102 are perpendicular to doorframe 14 and project outwardly from doorframe 14 at an angle sufficient to stabilize the system when force is asserted against doorframe 14. Legs 102 are also positioned at an angle from one another that does not obstruct front access to door 12. In a specific embodiment of the invention, each leg within the pair of legs 102 is in the range of 100-130 degrees from each other, equidistance from each other about a plane that runs through the center of door 12. This orientation allows a group of trainees to approach the door without tripping over base 150.
Base 150 further includes a central member 120 that connects the two pairs of legs 102. Central member 120 is positioned a sufficient distance under door 12 such that swinging of door 12 is not inhibited in any way. Socket 26 is permanently attached to central member 120, as is shown in
In specific embodiments of the invention, system 2 further comprises a storm door to simulate breaches at residences. Residential storm doors generally pivot opposite the main door, which may pose an obstacle for professionals attempting entry with equipment. As such, it would be beneficial to provide a dual-swing breach training system that replicates these types of entryways.
In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results are obtained. As various changes could be made in the above constructions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative only.