This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application Number 2020-051197 filed on Mar. 23, 2020. The entire contents of the above-identified application are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present disclosure relates to a ducted fan device and an aircraft.
In recent years, along with improvements in the performance of power electronics, development in the electrical powering of aircraft has been actively carried out, and one of the developments is a Vertical Take Off & Landing (VTOL) type aircraft.
In the electric VTOL aircraft, the type of the airframe differs depending on requirements such as a cruise speed, a cruise range, and a payload. For example, when a high cruise speed or a long cruise range is required, a tilt wing machine or a tilt rotor machine including a main wing is often employed.
On the other hand, when the main wing and the rotor are tilted (inclined), it is difficult to stably control the flight, so that when the cruise speed is low and the cruise range is short, a fixed rotor machine is often employed.
At this time, regardless of the type, it is desirable to employ a ducted fan in consideration of the noise, the thrust force during hovering, or the like.
In a ducted fan, separation of air in the vicinity of an opening (particularly, a lip portion) of a duct into which air is introduced greatly affects thrust force performance. In particular, in the case in which the air flows obliquely with respect to the rotation axis of the fan, i.e. a transition mode between take-off or landing and cruising flight, cross wind situation, or the like, separation is likely to occur at the lip portion. Therefore, how to suppress the separation at the lip portion is an important problem.
It is also desirable to generate thrust force more efficiently with any type of fan. In this case, for example, JP 2013-527364 T discloses a ducted fan (fan with a duct) that increases thrust force by providing cowls on an inner peripheral side and an outer peripheral side of a lower end of a duct.
In addition to the ducted fan disclosed in JP 2013-527364 T, there is a demand to efficiently generate thrust force by a method different from that. Further, JP 2013-527364 T does not refer to suppression of separation at the lip portion of the duct.
The present disclosure has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a ducted fan device and an aircraft capable of improving thrust force and suppressing separation at a lip portion.
In order to solve the above problems, a ducted fan device and an aircraft of the present disclosure employ the following means.
That is, a ducted fan device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes, a plurality of fan devices, each including a fan configured to rotate about an axis to generate an air flow, and a small duct having a cylindrical shape surrounding the fan about the axis and extending in a direction of the axis, and a large duct having a tubular shape surrounding all of the plurality of fan devices. The plurality of fan devices include a central fan device, and a plurality of peripheral fan devices disposed at an outer peripheral of the small duct included in the central fan device.
An aircraft according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes the above-described ducted fan device.
According to the ducted fan device and the aircraft according to the present disclosure, thrust force can be improved, and separation at the lip portion can be suppressed.
The disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers reference like elements.
Hereinafter, a ducted fan device and an aircraft according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, an outline of the configuration of a ducted fan device 10A will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
Each fan device 20 includes a fan 22 and a cylindrical small duct 23 surrounding the fan 22.
Each fan 22 is driven to rotate about its axis X1 by an electric motor (not illustrated). Drive of the electric motors are individually controlled by a control unit (not illustrated).
The control unit includes, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), and a computer-readable storage medium, or the like.
A series of processes for implementing various functions is stored in a storage medium or the like in the form of a program, for example, and the CPU reads the program into the RAM or the like and executes information processing and computation processing, thereby implementing various functions.
Note that the program may be preinstalled in the ROM or other storage medium, may be provided in the form of being stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or may be distributed through wired or wireless communication means, or the like.
Examples of the computer-readable storage medium include a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, and a semiconductor memory, or the like.
The small duct 23 is a cylindrical member extending in the direction of the axis X1, and accommodates the fan 22 inside so as to surround the entire circumferential direction of the fan 22. Hereinafter, when simply described as “inside” or “outside”, it means “inside in the radial direction” or “outside in the radial direction” with respect to the axis.
In the small duct 23, the opening on one end side is an inlet 24, and the opening on the other end side is an outlet 25.
When the fan 22 accommodated in the small duct 23 rotates about the axis X1, an air flow from the inlet 24 toward the outlet 25 is generated.
The plurality of fan devices 20 configured as described above are accommodated in a large duct 30A, which is a cylindrical member extending in the direction of the axis X0 and has a sufficiently larger diameter than the small duct 23.
The plurality of fan devices 20 accommodated in the large duct 30A include one central fan device 20a and a plurality of peripheral fan devices 20b. At this time, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
The plurality of peripheral fan devices 20b are disposed at the outer peripheral of the small duct 23 included in the central fan device 20a. At this time, the axis X1b of each peripheral fan device 20b is preferably disposed at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction on a circle C centered on the axis X1a of the central fan device 20a. Thus, the peripheral fan devices 20b can be uniformly disposed from the viewpoint of the occupied area. In addition, the interval between the central fan device 20a and the peripheral fan devices 20b can be managed more easily than when the peripheral fan devices 20b are randomly disposed.
In the case of
As illustrated in
A clearance L2 is secured between each small duct 23 of each peripheral fan device 20b and the inner peripheral surface of the large duct 30A. Thus, as will be described later, the air colliding with the outer peripheral surface of the large duct 30A is easily guided to the small duct 23.
Each peripheral fan device 20b is fixed by connecting the small duct 23 to the inner peripheral surface of the large duct 30A with a support member 40. The central fan device 20a is fixed by connecting the small duct 23 to the small duct 23 of each peripheral fan device 20b with a connecting member 44. Thus, the central fan device 20a, the peripheral fan devices 20b, and the large duct 30A are integrated, and the ducted fan device 10A is configured to be rigid.
As illustrated in
Note that the ducted fan device 10A in
Next, the flow of air due to the Coanda effect will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
Since the air flow by the Coanda effect is generated between the central fan device 20a and the plurality of peripheral fan devices 20b, a larger air flow is generated from the inlet 32 of the large duct 30A toward the outlet 33 as compared with the air flow generated only by the plurality of fan devices 20. Further, since each fan device 20 is surrounded by the large duct 30A, the air flow generated by each fan device 20 and the air flow generated by the Coanda effect are rectified, and a larger thrust force can be generated by the ducted fan device 10A as a whole.
It should be noted that, of course, an air flow may also be generated by the Coanda effect between the peripheral fan devices 20b or between each of the peripheral fan devices 20b and the large duct 30A. These air flows contribute to improving the thrust force of the ducted fan device 10A.
Flow of Air by Double Duct Next, the flow of air by the double duct will be described with reference to
The large duct 30A and the small duct 23 adjacent thereto are in a so-called double duct relationship, and air separation at a lip portion 26 of the small duct 23 is suppressed. The effect of the double duct will be briefly described below.
As illustrated in
That is, the air collides with the outer peripheral surface of the large duct 30A and then flows to the inlet 32 side of the large duct 30A. The air flowing to the inlet 32 side flows so as to pass over the lip portion 34 of the large duct 30A and flows around to the inside of the large duct 30A, and then flows to the inlet 24 side of the small duct 23. At this time, since the clearance L2 is secured between the large duct 30A and the small duct 23, the air having passed over the lip portion 34 of the large duct 30A is easily guided to the inlet 24 of the small duct 23. The air guided to the inlet 24 of the small duct 23 joins the air flow generated by the fan device 20, thereby passing through the inside of the small duct 23 along the lip portion 26 of the small duct 23.
On the other hand, as illustrated in
That is, the air collides with the outer peripheral surface of the small duct 23 and then flows directly toward the inlet 24 side. At this time, the air flows so as to pass over the lip portion 26 and flows around to the inside of the small duct 23. The air passing over the lip portion 26 of the small duct 23 is largely separated from the lip portion 26 by its momentum. As a result, air separation occurs at the lip portion 26 of the small duct 23 (see a separation portion S).
According to the present embodiment, the following effects are obtained.
The respective air flows generated by the central fan device 20a and the peripheral fan devices 20b draw in the surrounding air by the Coanda effect, so that an air flow by the Coanda effect can be induced between the small duct 23 of the central fan device 20a and the small ducts 23 of the peripheral fan devices 20b. That is, the air flow can be generated between the small ducts 23 without providing an air flow generation device such as a fan device. Thus, the thrust force of the ducted fan device 10A as a whole is improved. Further, by surrounding all the fan devices 20 with the large duct 30A, the thrust force of the ducted fan device 10A as a whole can be further improved.
In addition, since the peripheral fan devices 20b are disposed at the outer peripheral of the small duct 23 included in the central fan device 20a, it is easy to manage the interval between the central fan device 20a and the peripheral fan devices 20b compared to a case where the fan devices 20 are irregularly disposed.
In particular, when the peripheral fan devices 20b are disposed at equal angular intervals on a circle C centered on the axis X1a of the central fan device 20a, the peripheral fan devices 20b can be evenly disposed from the viewpoint of the occupied area.
In addition, since the large duct 30A and the small duct 23 adjacent to the large duct 30A have a so-called double duct relationship, it is possible to suppress separation at the lip portion 26 of the small duct 23 accommodated inside by the large duct 30A and to suppress a decrease in thrust force due to the separation.
Further, since the clearance L1 between the small duct 23 of the central fan device 20a and the small duct 23 of each peripheral fan device 20b is 0.5D or more and 1.5D or less, an appropriate clearance can be provided between the small duct 23 of the central fan device 20a and the small duct 23 of each peripheral fan device 20b. This makes it possible to efficiently induce air flow by the Coanda effect. In a case where the clearance L1 is too short or too long, the surrounding air is not sufficiently drawn in, and the air flow is hardly induced.
In addition, by providing a plurality of fan devices 20 that actually generate air flow, even when one fan device 20 fails, the thrust force of the failed fan device 20 can be supplemented by the other fan devices 20, so that redundancy of the entire ducted fan device 10A can be ensured.
In addition, since the electric motor that drive the fan 22 of each of the fan devices 20 is individually controlled by the control unit, for example, the number of rotations of each of the fans 22 can be individually controlled. Accordingly, it is possible to perform control such that the number of rotations of the fan 22 included in the fan device 20 disposed at a place where separation is likely to occur is increased to suppress separation.
The fan devices 20 each may have the same diameter or different diameters. For example, the diameter of each peripheral fan device 20b may be smaller than the diameter of the central fan device 20a.
Next, a modified example of the ducted fan device 10A according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
As a specific form, for example, the axis X1b of each peripheral fan device 20b is inclined such that the lip portion 26 approaches the adjacent large duct 30A.
Thus, since the inlet 24 of the small duct 23 is inclined in the direction of receiving the cross wind, the inflow angle of the air flowing into the lip portion 26 of the small duct 23 can be made gentler. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress separation in the lip portion 26 and to suppress a decrease in thrust force due to separation.
Hereinafter, a ducted fan device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
The ducted fan device 10B of the present embodiment is different from the ducted fan device 10A of the first embodiment in that a plurality of central fan devices 20a are provided. Therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference signs, and description thereof will be omitted.
First, an outline of the configuration of a ducted fan device 10B will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
The ducted fan device 10B includes a tubular large duct 30B surrounding all the fan devices 20. The large duct 30B has a rounded rectangular shape in plan view.
The ducted fan device 10B includes a peripheral fan devices 20c between the large duct 30B and the two circles Cu. By disposing the peripheral fan devices 20c, the fan devices 20 can be disposed inside the large duct 30B having a rounded rectangular shape in plan view without an excessive clearance.
As illustrated in
According to the present embodiment, the following effects are obtained.
By the plurality of central fan devices 20a, the fan devices 20 can be regularly disposed not only in a cylindrical large duct but also in various forms of large duct 30B.
Further, the accommodation capacity of the fan devices 20 can be increased as compared with the case where a plurality of ducted fan devices 10A according to the first embodiment are disposed. Thus, the thrust-to-weight ratio can be improved.
Next, a modified example of the ducted fan device 10B according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
As a specific form, for example, as illustrated by an arrow line in
Thus, since the inlet 24 of the small duct 23 is inclined in the direction of receiving the cross wind, the inflow angle of the air flowing into the lip portion 26 of the small duct 23 can be made gentler. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress separation in the lip portion 26 and to suppress a decrease in thrust force due to separation.
The axis X1 of the fan device 20 (the fan device 20 indicated by the dotted line in
The embodiments described above are understood as follows, for example.
That is, a ducted fan device (10A, 10B) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes, a plurality of fan devices (20), each including a fan (22) configured to rotate about an axis (X1) to generate an air flow, and a small duct (23) having a cylindrical shape surrounding the fan (22) about the axis (X1) and extending in a direction of the axis (X1), and a large duct (30A, 30B) having a tubular shape surrounding all of the plurality of fan devices (20). The plurality of fan devices (20) include a central fan device (20a), and a plurality of peripheral fan devices (20b) disposed at an outer peripheral of the small duct (23) included in the central fan device (20a).
A ducted fan device (10A, 10B) according to the present aspect includes, a plurality of fan devices (20), each including a fan (22) configured to rotate about an axis (X1) to generate an air flow, and a small duct (23) having a cylindrical shape surrounding the fan (22) about the axis (X1) and extending in a direction of the axis (X1), and a large duct (30A, 30B) having a tubular shape and surrounding all of the plurality of fan devices (20). The plurality of fan devices (20) include a central fan device (20a), and a plurality of peripheral fan devices (20b) disposed at an outer peripheral of the small duct (23) included in the central fan device (20a). Therefore, the respective air flows generated by the central fan device (20a) and the peripheral fan devices (20b) draw in the surrounding air by the Coanda effect, so that an air flow by the Coanda effect can be induced between the small duct (23) of the central fan device (20a) and the small ducts (23) of the peripheral fan devices (20b). That is, the air flow can be generated between the small ducts (23) without providing an air flow generation device such as a fan device. Thus, the thrust force of the ducted fan device (10A, 10B) as a whole is improved. Further, by surrounding all the fan devices (20) with the large duct (30A, 30B), the thrust force of the ducted fan device (10A, 10B) as a whole can be further improved.
In addition, since the peripheral fan devices (20b) are disposed at the outer peripheral of the small duct (23) included in the central fan device (20a), it is easy to manage the interval between the central fan device (20a) and the peripheral fan devices (20b) compared to a case where the fan devices (20) are irregularly disposed.
In addition, since the large duct (30A, 30B) and the small duct (23) adjacent to the large duct (30A, 30B) have a so-called Double Duct relationship, it is possible to suppress separation at the lip portion (26) of the small duct (23) accommodated inside by the large duct (30A, 30B) and to suppress a decrease in thrust force due to separation.
In addition, by providing a plurality of fan devices (20) that actually generate air flow, even when one fan device (20) fails, the thrust force of the failed fan device (20) can be supplemented by the other fan devices (20), so that redundancy of the entire ducted fan devices (10A, 10B) can be ensured.
Further, in the ducted fan device (10A, 10B) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each axis (X1) of the plurality of peripheral fan devices (20b) is disposed on a concentric circle centered on the axis (X1) of the central fan device (20a).
In the ducted fan device (10A, 10B) according to the present aspect, since each axis (X1) of the plurality of peripheral fan devices (20b) is disposed on a concentric circle centered on the axis (X1) of the central fan device (20a), the plurality of fan devices (20) can be disposed efficiently and uniformly. This makes it possible to efficiently induce air flow by the Coanda effect.
In a ducted fan device (10A) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the large duct (30A) has a cylindrical shape centered on the axis (X1) of the central fan device (20a).
In the ducted fan device (10A) according to the present aspect, since the large duct (30A) has a cylindrical shape centered on the axis (X1) of the central fan device (20a), the large duct (30A) can efficiently and uniformly surround the peripheral fan devices (20b) disposed in a circular shape. Thus, the effect of the double duct can be further enhanced.
In addition, the ducted fan device (10B) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of the central fan devices (20a).
Since the ducted fan device (10B) according to the present aspect includes the plurality of central fan devices (20a), the fan devices (20) can be disposed in the large duct (30B) having various shapes (e.g., a rounded rectangular shape).
In the ducted fan device (10A, 10B) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the axis (X1) of the peripheral fan device (20b) adjacent to the large duct (30A, 30B) is inclined toward the adjacent large duct (30A, 30B).
In the ducted fan device (10A, 10B) according to the present aspect, the axis (X1) of the peripheral fan device (20b) adjacent to the large duct (30A, 30B) is inclined toward the adjacent large duct (30A, 30B), so that the small duct (23) of the peripheral fan device (20b) adjacent to the large duct (30A, 30B) can be inclined toward the large duct (30A, 30B). Thus, the inflow angle of the air flowing into the lip portion (26) of the small duct (23) can be made gentler. This makes it possible to suppress separation at the lip portion (26) and to suppress a decrease in thrust force due to separation.
In the ducted fan device (10A, 10B) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when a diameter of each small duct (23) is D, a clearance between the small duct (23) of the central fan device (20a) and the small duct (23) of each peripheral fan device (20b) is 0.5D or more and 1.5D or less.
In the ducted fan device (10A, 10B) according to the present aspect, when the diameter of each small duct (23) is D, the clearance between the small duct (23) of the central fan device (20a) and the small duct (23) of each peripheral fan device (20b) is 0.5D or more and 1.5D or less. Thus, an appropriate clearance can be provided between the small duct (23) of the central fan device (20a) and the small duct (23) of each peripheral fan device (20b). This makes it possible to efficiently induce air flow by the Coanda effect.
When the clearance is too short or too long, the surrounding air is not sufficiently drawn in, and air flow is hardly induced.
In the ducted fan device (10A, 10B) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fan devices (20) are individually driven by respective electric motors, and include a control unit that is configured to control each of the electric motors separately.
In the ducted fan device (10A, 10B) according to the present aspect, the fan devices (20) are individually driven by respective electric motors, and include a control unit that is configured to control each of the electric motors separately. Thus, the number of rotations of each fan can be separately controlled. Accordingly, for example, it is possible to perform control such that the number of rotations of the fan (22) included in the fan device (20) disposed at a place where separation is likely to occur is increased to suppress separation.
An aircraft (1A, 1B) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the above-described ducted fan device (10A, 10B).
While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described as above, it is to be understood that variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention, therefore, is to be determined solely by the following claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2020-051197 | Mar 2020 | JP | national |