Patent Grant
10250383
This disclosure relates to the field of inter device communications for the Internet of Things (IoT) based on issuance of cryptographic artifacts by a group broker based on identity proofing and cryptographically signed messages for communications between group members.
The emerged Internet of Things (IoT) and emerging device to device communications for information exchange and data sciences requires a platform for dynamic cross domain authentication and exchange of cryptographic artifacts for data integrity. Further, authentication must be based on proof of identity and proof of possession of a secret to trusted sessions based on anonymity for privacy. Identity of an entity, such as for example a person, device, application or service is predicated today on an identity provider and authenticator associated with a domain. Multi domain authentication is based on security assertions (or claims) issued by an identity provider to a service provider. With billions of IoT enabled heterogeneous systems (for example, vehicles, medical devices, manufacturing systems, process control systems, consumer electronics, mobile devices, etc.), current authentication methods are difficult to provision, administer, maintain and operate. Further, centralized management of IoT devices is not viable. Therefore there is a need for a decentralized, distributed and dynamic mechanism to authenticate a IoT device.
The proposed method uses autonomous domains for group based dynamic membership. The Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is leveraged to generate a group public key and multiple member private keys for dynamic enrollment in the permissioned domain. The enrollment duration may be limited through certificates issued to member keys and permissions based on member attributes. The domain may also be regarded as an encryption realm.
The Domain Key Agent on the vehicle discovers a Domain Key Broker for the current domain and requests the group public key and member private key for the domain. The immutable vehicle identity and vehicle certificate is used for vehicle authentication with privacy protection. The vehicle certificate may be issued by, and managed by, the vehicle manufacturer and includes a vehicle public key. Further, the public key is associated with a vehicle private key—namely a PKI one-to-one (non-group) public-private key pair, distinct from the one-to-many group PKI. The Domain Key Agent on the vehicle acts as a proxy for applications on components within the vehicle, such as for example an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), Telematic Control Unit (TCU), OnBoard Diagnostics (OBD), Secure Gateway, In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI), etc. Components on a vehicle may communicate with components on another vehicle (for vehicle to vehicle communications) or to infrastructure services (for vehicle to infrastructure communications). Messages may be signed using the member private keys, and verified using the group public key for the domain.
As a vehicle transits through domains, the domain key agent acquires the domain key pairs dynamically from a dynamically discovered Domain Key Broker for the domain. The Domain Key Agent may store domain artifacts, such as for example keys, certificates, Wi-Fi service set identifier (SSID) information, etc. in a Domain Keystore on the vehicle. The SSID may be based on, as an example, geo-location, city or zip code, among other common data points.
The Domain Key Broker may store transactions in a local database and dispatch events to a distributed ledger as a network peer of a blockchain service. The Domain Key Broker may communicate with a configured Domain Key Factory Service to retrieve information about adjacent domain key brokers, enrollment services for certificate lifecycle management, or domain group and member key issuers.
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the methods may be applied in the field of peer to peer communications between systems or machines for inter-system or machine to machine communications.
The Domain Key Factory Service of the Domain Key Distribution Center may employ a plurality of methods to generate cryptographic keys. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) base asymmetric key-pairs comprising of a single group public key and multiple member private keys for a domain may be generated leveraging technologies such as for example Intel® Enhanced Privacy ID (EPID). Alternate methods may include use of symmetric pre-shared secrets such as the Key Encryption Key (KEK) and Traffic Encryption Key (TEK) specified in the Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI) standards described in Request for Comments (RFC) 3547 and 6407 (published by The Internet Society, Network Working Group).
The disclosure is best understood from the following detailed description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings. According to common practice, various features/elements of the drawings may not be drawn to scale. Common numerical references represent like features/elements. The following figures are included in the drawings:
Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description of exemplary embodiments are intended for illustration purposes only and are, therefore, not intended to necessarily limit the scope of the disclosure.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, establishment of cryptographic artifacts for communications between any two devices (for example, vehicles, or machines) requires an authentication phase and a key exchange phase to occur between a domain key agent on the device and a domain key broker for the domain. During the authentication phase, the device provides a certificate for identification purposes and advanced proof of possession of an associated secret. During the key exchange phase, cryptographic keys and a member certificate for the domain may be generated and exchanged.
Referring to
In an exemplary embodiment of the proposed system, the domain key distribution center 104, and the enrollment server 142 may provide services to multiple domains.
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In yet another exemplary embodiment of the disclosed system, instead of a group public key and a member private key for the domain, the domain key factory service 107, the domain key service 106, and the domain key agent 105 may exchange symmetric pre-shared secrets such as for example a Key Encryption Key (KEK) and a Traffic Encryption Key (TEK) for the domain as specified in the Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI) standards described in Request for Comments (RFC) 3547 and 6407 (published by The Internet Society, Network Working Group).
Referring to
At step 505, the member certificate retrieved from the domain keystore may be inspected for validity status (e.g. expired, revoked). At step 514, the domain key agent 105 may use the member private key to sign transmitted messages, and the group public key to verify received messages as required by applications 108, 118, 109, 110, 111 on the vehicle 102. At step 507, the domain key agent 105 may perform an authentication ceremony with the wireless authenticator of the domain key broker 103, using a received nonce, vehicle unique identity, vehicle certificate and a challenge-response method for proof of possession of the vehicle private key. In one embodiment, the challenge encrypted using the vehicle public key in the received vehicle certificate by the wireless authenticator 116 on the domain key broker 103 must be decrypted using the vehicle private key on the vehicle 102 to generate a response to the wireless authenticator 116.
At step 508, the vehicle 102 may be authenticated for the domain by the domain key broker 103. At step 509, the domain key agent 105 may query the wireless authenticator 113 of the domain key broker 103 for the domain key service address and service port. At step 510, the domain key agent 105 may establish a secure connection with the domain key broker 103 for the domain. At step 511, the domain key agent 105 may request the group public key, the member private key and the member certificate for the domain from the domain key service. At step 512, the vehicle 102 may be registered in the domain and the registration dataset may be sent to the domain key agent 105 on the vehicle 102. At step 513 the domain key agent may store the group public key, the member private key and the member certificate in the domain keystore 113.
Referring to
At step 621, a request may be processed for a domain member private key. At step 622 the request may be prepared for the domain member private key, and at step 623 the request may be sent to the domain key factory service 107 on the domain key distribution center 104 for the domain member private key by SSID. At step 624 a response from the domain key factory service may be provided to prepare an aggregate response to the domain key agent at step 605.
At step 631, a request may be processed for a domain member certificate. At step 632 the request may be prepared for the domain member certificate, and at step 633 the request may be sent to the enrollment service 144 on the enrollment server 142 for the domain member certificate. At step 634 a response from the enrollment service may be provided to prepare an aggregate response to the domain key agent at step 605. At step 605 the domain key service may send a response to the domain key agent with the domain group public key, the domain member private key and the domain member certificate.
Referring to
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At step 811, the domain key factory service 107 on the domain key distribution center 104 may receive a request from a domain key service 106 for a member private key by SSID and a vehicle unique identifier. At step 812 the request may be processed to determine whether the member private key for the vehicle unique identifier already exists and at step 813 a domain member private key may be generated. At step 814, a response message may be prepared and at step 815 the response may be sent to the domain key service 106 with the generated domain member private key. In one embodiment, the response message at step 814 may comprise an error message to indicate that a domain member private key was already generated for the vehicle unique identifier. Such a security countermeasure may prevent abuse of a cloned vehicle unique identifier.
If programmable logic is used, such logic may execute on a commercially available processing platform or a special purpose device. One of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that embodiments of the disclosed subject matter can be practiced with various computer system configurations, including multi-core multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, computers linked or clustered with distributed functions, as well as pervasive or miniature computers that may be embedded into virtually any device.
For instance, at least one processor device and a memory may be used to implement the above-described embodiments. A processor device may be a single processor, a plurality of processors, or combinations thereof. Processor devices may have one or more processor “cores.”
Various embodiments of the disclosure are described in terms of this example computer system 900. After reading this description, it will become apparent to a person skilled in the relevant art how to implement the disclosure using other computer systems and/or computer architectures. Although operations may be described as a sequential process, some of the operations may in fact be performed in parallel, concurrently, and/or in a distributed environment, and with program code stored locally or remotely for access by single or multi-processor machines. In addition, in some embodiments the order of operations may be rearranged without departing from the spirit of the disclosed subject matter.
Processor device 902 may be a special purpose or a general-purpose processor device. As will be appreciated by persons skilled in the relevant art, processor device 902 may also be a single processor in a multi-core/multiprocessor system, such system operating alone, or in a cluster of computing devices operating in a cluster or server farm. Processor device 902 is connected to a communication infrastructure 926, for example, a bus, message queue, network, or multi-core message-passing scheme.
The computer system 900 also includes a main memory 904, for example, random access memory (RAM) or flash memory, and may include a secondary memory 906. Secondary memory 906 may include, for example, a hard disk drive 908, removable storage drive 910. Removable storage drive 910 may be a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, a flash memory, or the like.
The removable storage drive 912 reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit 912 in a well-known manner. Removable storage unit 912 may be a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, etc. which is read by and written to by removable storage drive 910. As will be appreciated by persons skilled in the relevant art, removable storage unit 912 includes a non-transitory computer usable storage medium having stored therein computer software and/or data.
In alternative implementations, secondary memory 906 may include other similar means for allowing computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into computer system 900. Such means may include, for example, a removable storage unit 916 and an interface 914. Examples of such means may include a program cartridge and cartridge interface (such as that found in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an EPROM, or PROM) and associated socket, and other removable storage units 916 and interfaces 914 which allow software and data to be transferred from the removable storage unit 916 to computer system 900.
The computer system 900 may also include a communications interface 918. Communications interface 918 allows software and data to be transferred between computer system 900 and external devices. Communications interface 918 may include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, a PCMCIA slot and card, or the like. Software and data transferred via communications interface 918 may be in the form of signals, which may be electronic, electromagnetic, optical, or other signals capable of being received by communications interface 918. These signals may be provided to communications interface 918 via a communications path 920. Communications path 920 carries signals and may be implemented using wire or cable, fiber optics, a phone line, a cellular phone link, an RF link or other communications channels.
The computer system 900 may also include a computer display 924 and a display interface 922. According to embodiments, the display used to display the GUIs and dashboards shown in
In this document, the terms “computer program medium,” “non-transitory computer readable medium,” and “computer usable medium” are used to generally refer to media such as removable storage unit 912, removable storage unit 916, and a hard disk installed in hard disk drive 908. Computer program medium and computer usable medium can also refer to memories, such as main memory 904 and secondary memory 906, which can be memory semiconductors (e.g., DRAMs, etc.). These computer program products are means for providing software to computer system 900.
Computer programs (also called computer control logic) are stored in main memory 904 and/or secondary memory 906. Computer programs may also be received via communications interface 918. Such computer programs, when executed, enable computer system 900 to implement the present disclosure as discussed herein. In particular, the computer programs, when executed, enable processor device 902 to implement the processes of the present disclosure, such as the stages in the methods illustrated by the flowcharts in
Embodiments of the disclosure also may be directed to computer program products comprising software stored on any computer useable medium. Such software, when executed in one or more data processing device, causes a data processing device(s) to operate as described herein. Embodiments of the disclosure employ any suitable computer useable or readable medium. Examples of computer useable mediums include, but are not limited to, primary storage devices (e.g., any type of random access memory, etc.), secondary storage devices (e.g., hard drives, floppy disks, CD ROMS, ZIP disks, tapes, magnetic storage devices, and optical storage devices, MEMS, nanotechnological storage device, etc.), and communication mediums (e.g., wired and wireless communications networks, local area networks, wide area networks, intranets, etc.).
It is to be appreciated that the Detailed Description section, and not the Summary and Abstract sections, is intended to be used to interpret the claims. The Summary and Abstract sections may set forth one or more but not all exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure as contemplated by the inventor(s), and thus, are not intended to limit the present disclosure and the appended claims in any way.
Embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above with the aid of functional building blocks illustrating the implementation of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternate boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the disclosure that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the art, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the present disclosure. Therefore, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance. Reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless explicitly so stated, but rather “one or more.” Moreover, where a phrase similar to “at least one of A, B, or C” is used in the claims, it is intended that the phrase be interpreted to mean that A alone may be present in an embodiment, B alone may be present in an embodiment, C alone may be present in an embodiment, or that any combination of the elements A, B and C may be present in a single embodiment; for example, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C. No claim element herein is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112(f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although the present disclosure is illustrated and described herein with reference to specific embodiments, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made in the details within the scope and range equivalents of the claims and without departing from the disclosure.
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