Dynamic feedback for haptics

Abstract

A haptic system is described. The haptic system includes a linear resonant actuator (LRA), a receiver, and a transmitter. The LRA has a characteristic frequency and provides a vibration in response to an input signal. The receiver is configured to sense received vibration from the LRA. The transmitter is configured to provide the input signal to the LRA. The receiver is coupled with the transmitter and provides vibrational feedback based on the received vibration. The input signal incorporates the vibrational feedback.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Mobile devices, such as smart phones, are increasingly desired to provide a haptic response to users. Linear resonant actuators (LRAs) are frequently utilized to provide this haptic response. However, depending upon the driving frequency for the LRA, the haptic response of an LRA may be too small for use in a mobile device. Further, the desired characteristics of the haptic response from the LRA may be difficult to achieve. Consequently, an improved mechanism for providing a haptic response, particularly in a mobile device, is desired.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an exemplary embodiment of a system for haptics including a linear resonant actuator and incorporating vibrational feedback.

FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an exemplary embodiment of the frequency response of a linear resonant actuator.

FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting another exemplary embodiment of dynamic feedback system for haptics including a linear resonant actuator.

FIGS. 4A-4D are diagrams depicting exemplary embodiments of signals for of a linear resonant actuator incorporating vibrational feedback as incorporated in a mobile device.

FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting an exemplary embodiment of the dynamic frequency response of a linear resonant actuator incorporating vibrational feedback.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart depicting an exemplary embodiment of a method for providing a haptic response utilizing a linear resonant actuator incorporating vibrational feedback.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a process; an apparatus; a system; a composition of matter; a computer program product embodied on a computer readable storage medium; and/or a processor, such as a processor configured to execute instructions stored on and/or provided by a memory coupled to the processor. In this specification, these implementations, or any other form that the invention may take, may be referred to as techniques. In general, the order of the steps of disclosed processes may be altered within the scope of the invention. Unless stated otherwise, a component such as a processor or a memory described as being configured to perform a task may be implemented as a general component that is temporarily configured to perform the task at a given time or a specific component that is manufactured to perform the task. As used herein, the term ‘processor’ refers to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores configured to process data, such as computer program instructions.

A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the invention is provided below along with accompanying figures that illustrate the principles of the invention. The invention is described in connection with such embodiments, but the invention is not limited to any embodiment. The scope of the invention is limited only by the claims and the invention encompasses numerous alternatives, modifications and equivalents. Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. These details are provided for the purpose of example and the invention may be practiced according to the claims without some or all of these specific details. For the purpose of clarity, technical material that is known in the technical fields related to the invention has not been described in detail so that the invention is not unnecessarily obscured.

Mobile devices, such as smart phones, are increasingly desired to provide a haptic response to users. Linear resonant actuators (LRAs) are frequently utilized to provide this haptic response. An LRA utilizes a spring-mass system having a resonant frequency at or near √{square root over (k/m)}, where k is the stiffness (e.g. Hooke's constant) of the spring and m is the mass attached to the spring. In order to drive the spring-mass system, currents and electromagnetic fields are used. In some cases, the mass is magnetic. The mass vibrates in response to a nearby changing current, for example a current driven through a voice coil. Alternatively, a current may be driven through a spring wound around a magnetic core. In such cases, the spring vibrates, which causes the mass to move. If the LRA is driven at or near the resonant frequency, the amplitude of displacement of the mass may be sufficient to provide the desired haptic response. If the LRA is not driven at resonance, the mass may exhibit little movement and a small haptic response may be output. Thus, the haptic response of an LRA may be too small for use in a mobile device.

The LRA is also generally desired to output a particular haptic response profile. For example, the haptic response may be desired to have an amplitude versus time profile similar to a square pulse. Such a response may provide the user with the feel of the click of a button. Because of the frequency response of the LRA, however, the input signal used to achieve the desired haptic response may be complicated. For example, an input current pulse that is a square wave generally does not result in a mass displacement versus time that is also a substantially square wave.

To provide a haptic response, the LRA is calibrated. Calibration typically occurs during manufacture of the mobile or other device incorporating the LRA. During this calibration phase, the appropriate and typically complex input signal for the desired haptic response is determined. This input signal is then subsequently used to drive the LRA. Although calibrating the LRA may initially provide the desired haptic response, the appropriate input signal may drift based on aging of the mobile device, add-ons such as mobile device cases, the characteristics of the user and other attributes. Consequently, an improved mechanism for providing a haptic response is desired.

A mechanism for providing a haptic response is described. In some embodiments, a haptic system including an LRA, a receiver and a transmitter is provided. The haptic system may be incorporated into a mobile device or other device for which a haptic response is desired. The LRA has a characteristic frequency (e.g. a resonant frequency) and provides a vibration in response to an input signal. The receiver senses received vibration from the LRA. In some embodiments, the receiver may be a piezoelectric receiver. In some such embodiments, the piezoelectric receiver may also be operated as a touch sensor. The transmitter provides the input signal to the LRA. The receiver is coupled with the transmitter and provides vibrational feedback based on the received vibration. The input signal provided by the transmitter incorporates the vibrational feedback. In some embodiments, the haptic system includes a current sensor and a voltage sensor. The current sensor is coupled with the transmitter and senses a transmitter output current corresponding to the input signal. The voltage sensor is coupled with the transmitter and senses a transmitter output voltage corresponding to the input signal. Feedback for the transmitter includes the vibrational feedback, the transmitter output voltage and the transmitter output current. In some embodiments, a processor is coupled with the receiver, the current sensor and the voltage sensor. The processor provides for the transmitter a driving signal incorporating the feedback. For example, the processor may provide a difference between a desired haptic response and the received vibrations. The current and voltage sensors may be used to prevent the LRA from being overdriven.

A method for providing a haptic response is also described. The method includes sensing a received vibration from an LRA having a characteristic frequency. The LRA provides a vibration in response to an input signal. Feedback for a transmitter is provided. The feedback includes vibrational feedback based on the received vibration. The received vibration(s) may be sensed using a piezoelectric receiver. The transmitter provides the input signal to the LRA. The input signal incorporates the vibrational feedback. This correction of the input signal using vibrational feedback may be carried out dynamically during use in order to generate an input signal that results in the desired vibrations from the LRA and, therefore, the desired haptic response.

In some embodiments, the method includes detecting a user-generated input and initially providing the input signal in response to the user-generated input. In some embodiments, the method includes sensing a transmitter output current corresponding to the input signal and sensing a transmitter output voltage corresponding to the input signal. Providing the feedback for the transmitter may thus include providing the vibrational feedback, providing the transmitter output voltage and providing the transmitter output current. In some embodiments, a driving signal incorporating the feedback is provided to the transmitter.

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an exemplary embodiment of haptic system 100 usable in a device such as a mobile device. For clarity, only certain components are shown and FIG. 1 is not to scale. The haptic system includes at least one transmitter 110, at least one linear resonant actuator (LRA) 120, and at least one receiver 130. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, haptic system includes one transmitter 110, one LRA 120 and one receiver 130. LRA 120 has a characteristic frequency (e.g. a resonant frequency) and provides a vibration in response to an input signal. An embodiment of the frequency response of LRA 120 is depicted in FIG. 2. The resonant frequency of LRA 120 may be at least five Hertz and not more than five hundred Hertz in some embodiments. For example, the resonant frequency may be two hundred Hertz.

In operation, transmitter 110 sends an input signal to LRA 120 to drive LRA 120. LRA 120 responds and provides initial output vibrations. The vibrations from LRA 120 propagate through the device in which haptic system 100 is incorporated. Receiver 130 senses received vibrations from LRA 120. In some embodiments, receiver 130 is a piezoelectric receiver. In some such embodiments, piezoelectric receiver 130 may also be operated (e.g. simultaneously) as a touch sensor. When operated as a touch sensor, piezoelectric receiver 130 may be driven by a signal. However, when used in connection with haptic system 100, receiver 130 may be considered to be used as a microphone. In response to a received vibration, receiver 130 provides vibrational feedback (feedback based on the received vibrations) for transmitter 110. More specifically, amplitude of the response, the envelope of the response and the phase may be sensed using receiver 130 and returned as vibrational feedback. In the embodiment shown, receiver 130 provides the vibrational feedback directly to transmitter 110. In other embodiments, the vibrational feedback is processed before being incorporated into a signal provided to transmitter 110. For example, the response of receiver 130 may be proportional to the received vibrations. The feedback provided to transmitter 110 may be based on a difference between the desired haptic response and the received vibrations. This feedback is incorporated into a (new) input signal provided by transmitter 110 to LRA 120. The new input signal should result in (new) haptic response by LRA 120 that is closer to the desired haptic response. Thus, the haptic response of LRA 120 is adjusted based upon the received vibrations at receiver 130 and the desired haptic response. In some embodiments, these adjustments may be performed algorithmically by a linear adaptive filter or equalizer. Consequently, the desired haptic response may be achieved.

In some embodiments, haptic system 100 is used as part of a streamlined calibration mechanism during or after production. Consequently, each mobile device incorporating a haptic system may be individually calibrated. Further, haptic system 100 may be used in real time during actual usage of the corresponding device. In such an embodiment, haptic system 100 may dynamically adjust output of LRA 120 in real time. In such embodiments, haptic system 100 may account for differences in users, cases, wear, temperature and/or other issues that may otherwise reduce the haptic response from what is desired. Thus, using vibrational feedback, haptic system 100 may improve the haptic response in a mobile device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting an exemplary embodiment of haptic system 300 usable in a device such as a mobile device. For clarity, only certain components are shown and FIG. 3 is not to scale. The haptic system includes at least one transmitter 310, at least one linear resonant actuator (LRA) 320, and at least one receiver 330. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, haptic system includes one transmitter 310, one LRA 320 and one receiver 330. Receiver 330 is a piezoelectric receiver. In some such embodiments, piezoelectric receiver 330 may also be operated as a touch sensor. In some embodiments, the resonant frequency of LRA 320 is at least 5 Hz and not more than 300 Hz. In such embodiments, the wavelength(s) of vibrations for LRA 320 are such that the location of piezoelectric receiver 330 in a smaller mobile device such as a smart phone is not important in providing vibrational feedback. However, in some embodiments, piezoelectric receiver 330 is desired to have a specific location, such as a desired location for a particular haptic response. Transmitter 310, LRA 320 and receiver 330 are analogous to transmitter 110, LRA 120 and receiver 130, respectively. In addition, haptic system 300 includes at least one current sensor 340, at least one voltage sensor 350 and one or more processors 360. For simplicity, only one current sensor 340, one voltage sensor 350 and one processor 360 are separately depicted.

Haptic system 300 functions in an analogous manner to haptic system 100. Transmitter 310 sends an input signal to LRA 320 to drive LRA 320. Current sensor 340 and voltage sensor 350 sense the current and voltage for the input signal. LRA 320 responds and provides initial output vibrations. The vibrations from LRA 320 propagate through the device in which haptic system 300 is incorporated. Piezoelectric receiver 330 senses received vibrations from LRA 320. In response to a received vibration, piezoelectric receiver 330 provides vibrational feedback (feedback based on the received vibrations) for transmitter 310. The vibrational feedback may simply be a measure of the received vibrations. Thus, piezoelectric receiver 330 functions in an analogous manner to receiver 130. This vibrational feedback is provided to processor 360 and/or other logic (not shown). Processor 360 may operate on the vibrational feedback, for example calculating a difference between the received vibrations and the desired haptic response, which may be input as shown in FIG. 3. This difference is used to provide a driving signal to transmitter 310.

Processor 360 also receives from sensors 340 and 350 current and voltage feedback related to the input signal for LRA 320. Feedback from current sensor 340 and voltage sensor 350 may be used to ensure that LRA 320 is not overdriven. For example, processor 360 may limit or reduce the gain on signals input to transmitter 310. Processor 360 provides a new driving signal to transmitter 310. The new driving signal provided to transmitter 310 may be a combination of the previously provided signal, the vibrational feedback (e.g. a difference between the desired haptic response and the received vibrations from piezoelectric receiver 330), and any changes due to the sensed current and voltage. Transmitter 310 then provides a new input signal to LRA 320.

For example, FIGS. 4A-4D depict various signals during operation of haptic system 300. FIG. 4A depicts the desired envelope of the haptic response. An input signal having the same shape may also be provided from transmitter 310 to LRA 320 as an initial driving signal. The initial output of LRA 320 is shown in FIG. 4B, with the envelope indicated by a dashed line. Thus, a mass in LRA 320 oscillates at or near the resonant frequency of LRA 320. Piezoelectric receiver 330 senses the vibrations and provides this vibrational feedback to processor 360. Processor 360 determines the difference between the desired haptic response and the vibrational feedback/received vibrations from piezoelectric receiver 430. This difference is shown in FIG. 4C, with the envelope indicated by a dashed line. In addition, the sensed current and voltage for the signal driving LRA 320 are provided to processor 360, which determines whether to reduce the gain to transmitter 310. Processor 360 to transmitter 310 provides a control signal that takes into account the previous driving signal (e.g. FIG. 4A), vibrational feedback (e.g. the difference in FIG. 4C), current feedback and voltage feedback. Transmitter 310 provides an updated input signal to LRA 320. This updated input signal incorporates the previous driving signal, vibrational feedback from piezoelectric receiver 330, current feedback and voltage feedback. This process continues during operation. FIG. 4D depicts an embodiment of the envelope of the (eventual) output of LRA 320. Thus, LRA 320 is driven to provide a haptic response analogous to the desired form shown in FIG. 4A. FIG. 4D also depicts a dashed line indicating the haptic response having a finite slope. Such a response may reduce spiking of current and/or voltage.

Thus, haptic system 300 may be used as part of a streamlined calibration mechanism during production and/or in real time during use of the device in which haptic system 300 is incorporated. Consequently, each mobile device incorporating a haptic system may be individually calibrated. Further, haptic system 300 may dynamically adjust output of LRA 320 in real time. In such embodiments, haptic system 300 may account for differences in users, cases, wear, temperature and/or other issues that may otherwise reduce the haptic response from what is desired. Consequently, the haptic response in the device incorporating haptic system 300 may be improved.

FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting an exemplary embodiment of haptic system 500 usable in a device such as a mobile device. For clarity, only certain components are shown and FIG. 5 is not to scale. The haptic system includes at least one transmitter 510, at least one linear resonant actuator (LRA) 520, at least one receiver 530, current sensor(s) 540, voltage sensor(s) 550 and processor(s) 560. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, haptic system includes two transmitters 510A and 510B (collectively or generically transmitter(s) 510), two LRAs 520A and 520B (collectively or generically LRA(s) 520) and receivers 530A, 530B and 530C (collectively receivers 530). Receivers 530 are piezoelectric receivers. Transmitter 510, LRAs 520 and receivers 530 are analogous to transmitter 110/310, LRA 120/320 and receiver 130/330, respectively. Current sensor(s) 540A and 540B (collectively or generically current sensor(s) 540), voltage sensor(s) 550A and 550B (collectively or generically voltage sensor(s) 550) and processor(s) 560 are analogous to current sensor(s) 340, voltage sensor(s) 350 and processor(s) 360. Although separate current sensors 540 and voltage sensors 550 are shown as sensing current and voltage output by transmitters 510 to each LRA 520A and 520B, in some embodiments, shared current sensors and voltage sensors may be used for both LRAs 520. Haptic system 500 functions in an analogous manner to and may provide benefits analogous to haptic system 100 and/or 300. However, as indicated in FIG. 5, multiple LRAs 520 are driven (e.g. at their individual resonant frequency) and multiple piezoelectric receivers 530 sense the output of LRAs 520.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart depicting an exemplary embodiment of method 600 for using a haptic system having vibrational feedback. Method 600 may include steps that are not depicted for simplicity. Method 600 is described in the context of haptic system 300. However, method 600 may be used with other haptic systems including but not limited to systems 100 and 500.

User-generated input may be detected, at 602. For example, at 602 a user pressing a portion of the mobile device may be detected. In response, LRA 320 is driven, at 604. This may include transmitter 310 providing a driving signal to LRA 320. Receiver 330 senses received vibrations and provides vibrational feedback, at 606. Current and/or voltage may optionally be sensed by current sensor 340 and voltage sensor 350, at 608. Feedback incorporating the received vibrations and, optionally, sensed current and voltage is provided, at 610. In some embodiments, this feedback is provided to processor 360. The feedback is used to adjust the driving current, at 612. For example, the magnitude, frequency and/or phase may be adjusted for transmitter 310 may be tuned at 612. Similarly, the magnitude, frequency and/or phase (e.g. relative phase) for transmitters 510 may be adjusted at 612. This process continues during operation to provide the desired haptic response. Thus, the haptic response of a device may be improved.

Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some detail for purposes of clarity of understanding, the invention is not limited to the details provided. There are many alternative ways of implementing the invention. The disclosed embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims

1. A haptic system, comprising: a linear resonant actuator (LRA) having a characteristic frequency and providing a vibration in response to an input signal;a receiver configured to sense received vibration from the LRA;a current sensor coupled with the transmitter and configured to sense a transmitter output current corresponding to the input signal;a voltage sensor coupled with the transmitter and configured to sense a transmitter output voltage corresponding to the input signal; anda transmitter configured to provide the input signal to the LRA, the receiver being coupled with the transmitter and providing vibrational feedback based on the received vibration, the input signal incorporating the vibrational feedback;wherein feedback for the transmitter includes the vibrational feedback, the transmitter output voltage and the transmitter output current.

2. The haptic system of claim 1, further comprising a processor coupled with the receiver, the current sensor and the voltage sensor, the processor configured to provide for the transmitter a driving signal incorporating the feedback.

3. The haptic system of claim 1, wherein the receiver is a piezoelectric receiver.

4. The haptic system of claim 3, wherein the haptic system is incorporated into a mobile device.

5. A method, comprising: sensing a received vibration from a linear resonant actuator (LRA) having a characteristic frequency, the LRA providing a vibration in response to an input signal;providing feedback for a transmitter, the feedback including vibrational feedback based on the received vibration;sensing a transmitter output current corresponding to the input signal;sensing a transmitter output voltage corresponding to the input signal; andproviding from the transmitter the input signal to the LRA, the input signal incorporating the vibrational feedback;wherein the providing the feedback for the transmitter includes providing the vibrational feedback, providing the transmitter output voltage and providing the transmitter output current.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising providing for the transmitter a driving signal incorporating the feedback.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the sensing further includes: sensing the at least one received vibration using a piezoelectric receiver.

8. The method of claim 5, further comprising: detecting a user-generated input; andinitially providing the input signal in response to the user-generated input.