Patent Application
20130159847
The present application relates generally to an improved data processing apparatus and method and more specifically to mechanisms for dynamic personal dictionaries for enhanced collaboration,
Collaboration is a recursive process where two or more people or organizations communicate together to realize a shared objective. Much of today's collaboration is performed using collaborative software designed to help people involved in a common task achieve a given objective. The design intent of collaborative software is to transform the way documents and rich media is shared to enable more effective collaboration. Collaborative software helps facilitate action-oriented groups by providing tools that aid communication, collaboration, and the process of problem solving. Additionally, collaborative software may support project management functions, such as task assignments, time-managing deadlines, and shared calendars. The artifacts, the tangible evidence of the problem solving process, and the final outcome of the collaborative effort, require documentation and may involve archiving project plans, deadlines and deliverables. Understanding the differences in human interactions is necessary to ensure that appropriate technologies are employed to meet interaction needs.
One issue with current collaborative systems is the lack of detail with regard to the context of the communication taking place. That is, during a collaborative session, the level of knowledge of the various participants in the collaborative session regarding the subject at hand may vary widely. For example, if a collaborative session is ongoing for a new piece of software and the acronym DNS is used, then a software development participant may recognize the DNS acronym to mean Domain Name System, while a speech pathology participant for whom the software is being developed may recognize the DNS acronym to mean Dragon Naturally Speaking. As another example, if an international collaborative session is ongoing for management of a project and the term “Scrum” is used, then a project management participant may recognize the “Scrum” term to mean an agile project management framework, while European participant, who is an avid fan of rugby, may take the “Scrum” term to mean a rugby event. Therefore, not having a common understanding of the meanings of words, acronyms, or the like, may result in confusion, misinformation, and extra effort to get to a common understanding.
In one illustrative embodiment, a method, in a data processing system, is provided for utilizing a dynamic personal dictionary in enhanced collaboration. The illustrative embodiment compares each portion of entered text of the electronic communication with text identified in the dynamic personal dictionary. The illustrative embodiment marks the portion of the entered text with an identifier in response to a portion of the entered text matching an entry in the dynamic personal dictionary. In the illustrative embodiment the identifier indicates that the portion of the entered text has an associated context definition. The illustrative embodiment sends the electronic communication to a set of client devices with a set of marked text portions and associated identifiers.
In other illustrative embodiments, a computer program product comprising a computer useable or readable medium having a computer readable program is provided. The computer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to perform various ones of, and combinations of the operations outlined above with regard to the method illustrative embodiment.
In yet another illustrative embodiment, a system/apparatus is provided. The system/apparatus may comprise one or more processors and a memory coupled to the one or more processors. The memory may comprise instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform various ones of, and combinations of, the operations outlined above with regard to the method illustrative embodiment.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in, or will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of, the following detailed description of the example embodiments of the present invention.
The invention, as well as a preferred mode of use and further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
As discussed previously, one issue with current collaborative systems is the lack of detail with regard to the context of the communication taking place. That is, during a collaborative session, the level of knowledge of the various participants in the collaborative session regarding the subject at hand may vary widely. Therefore, not having a common understanding of the meanings of words, acronyms, or the like, may result in confusion, misinformation, and extra effort to get to a common understanding. Thus, the illustrative embodiments provide a mechanism for creating and utilizing personal dictionaries that map words, acronyms, or the like, to a reasonable definition for the word, acronym, or the like, based on analysis of participant's electronic device and for providing other participants with the ability to obtain another participant's intended meaning by accessing that participant's personal dictionary.
Thus, the illustrative embodiments may be utilized in many different types of data processing environments. In order to provide a context for the description of the specific elements and functionality of the illustrative embodiments,
In the depicted example, server 104 and server 106 are connected to network 102 along with storage unit 108. In addition, clients 110, 112, and 114 are also connected to network 102. These clients 110, 112, and 114 may be, for example, personal computers, network computers, or the like. In the depicted example, server 104 provides data, such as boot files, operating system images, and applications to the clients 110, 112, and 114. Clients 110, 112, and 114 are clients to server 104 in the depicted example. Distributed data processing system 100 may include additional servers, clients, and other devices not shown.
In the depicted example, distributed data processing system 100 is the Internet with network 102 representing a worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicate with one another. At the heart of the Internet is a backbone of high-speed data communication lines between major nodes or host computers, consisting of thousands of commercial, governmental, educational and other computer systems that route data and messages. Of course, the distributed data processing system 100 may also be implemented to include a number of different types of networks, such as for example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), or the like. As stated above,
In the depicted example, data processing system 200 employs a hub architecture including north bridge and memory controller hub (NB/MCH) 202 and south bridge and input/output (I/O) controller hub (SB/ICH) 204. Processing unit 206, main memory 208, and graphics processor 210 are connected to NB/MCH 202. Graphics processor 210 may be connected to NB/MCH 202 through an accelerated graphics port (AGP).
In the depicted example, local area network (LAN) adapter 212 connects to SB/ICH 204. Audio adapter 216, keyboard and mouse adapter 220, modem 222, read only memory (ROM) 224, hard disk drive (HDD) 226, CD-ROM drive 230, universal serial bus (USB) ports and other communication ports 232, and PCI/PCIe devices 234 connect to SB/ICH 204 through bus 238 and bus 240. PCI/PCIe devices may include, for example, Ethernet adapters, add-in cards, and PC cards for notebook computers. PCI uses a card bus controller, while PCIe does not. ROM 224 may be, for example, a flash basic input/output system (BIOS).
HDD 226 and CD-ROM drive 230 connect to SB/ICH 204 through bus 240. HDD 226 and CD-ROM drive 230 may use, for example, an integrated drive electronics (IDE) or serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) interface. Super I/O (SIO) device 236 may be connected to SB/ICH 204.
An operating system runs on processing unit 206. The operating system coordinates and provides control of various components within the data processing system 200 in
As a server, data processing system 200 may be, for example, an IBM® eServer™ System p® computer system, running the Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX®) operating system or the LINUX® operating system. Data processing system 200 may be a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) system including a plurality of processors in processing unit 206. Alternatively, a single processor system may be employed.
Instructions for the operating system, the object-oriented programming system, and applications or programs are located on storage devices, such as HDD 226, and may be loaded into main memory 208 for execution by processing unit 206. The processes for illustrative embodiments of the present invention may be performed by processing unit 206 using computer usable program code, which may be located in a memory such as, for example, main memory 208, ROM 224, or in one or more peripheral devices 226 and 230, for example.
A bus system, such as bus 238 or bus 240 as shown in
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware in
Moreover, the data processing system 200 may take the form of any of a number of different data processing systems including client computing devices, server computing devices, a tablet computer, laptop computer, telephone or other communication device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or the like. In some illustrative examples, data processing system 200 may be a portable computing device that is configured with flash memory to provide non-volatile memory for storing operating system files and/or user-generated data, for example. Essentially, data processing system 200 may be any known or later developed data processing system without architectural limitation.
Again, in order to have a common understanding of the meanings of text, such as words, acronyms, or the like, in a collaborative system, the illustrative embodiments provide a mechanism for creating and utilizing personal dictionaries that map the text to a reasonable definition for the word, acronym, or the like, based on analysis of participant's electronic device and for providing other participants with the ability to obtain another participant's intended meaning by accessing that participant's personal dictionary.
Dynamic personal dictionary mechanism 306 comprises language analysis logic 310 that analyzes a user's electronic presence on the respective one of client devices 302a, 302b, 302c, . . . , 302n. Language analysis logic 310 analyzes data 312 stored in storage 314 on the client device, such as, files, forum participation, blogs, social network activity, or the like, to determine a set of contexts or domains for the user. That is, language analysis logic 310 performs a search of the user's client device to determine a frequency of text, such as words, acronyms, or the like, used by the user. Language analysis logic 310 then performs a text association in order to identify a context for the use of each piece of text. For example, if language analysis logic 310 identifies text on the client device such as the words “scrum”, “software”, and “development”, then language analysis logic 310 would determine the definition of scrum to be an agile project management framework rather than a rugby event and group the “scrum” text into a “project management” category. Thus, after analyzing the users client device, language analysis logic 310 generates a set of contexts, such as “software development,” “project management,” “cooking,” “sports,” “woodworking”, or the like, indicating the determined interests of the user whether the interest be related to work, hobbies, sports, or the like. Based on the determined contexts, language analysis logic 310 then groups infrequent or obscure text from the client device into one of the set of contexts, thereby creating personal dictionary 316 on storage 314 that maps a context definition most likely to be meant by the user to the infrequent or obscure text.
When the user of, for example client device 302a, communicates with another user of for example client device 302c, using electronic communication mechanism 308, electronic communication mechanism 308 marks any text within the electronic communication for which the context definition exists in personal dictionary 316. That is, electronic communication mechanism 308 marks any word, acronym, or the like, that exists in personal dictionary 316 and is used in the electronic communication, such as an electronic mail, instant message, chat entry, web page posting, blog posting, social network posting, or the like, with an identifier, such as highlighting the text, bolding the text, italicizing the text, or some other way of identifying the text as potentially having a different meaning.
Events may occur where a user has interests that may cause text to be grouped into multiple contexts, for example, if a user has interests in both project management and rugby, then the term “scrum” may be grouped into both “project management” and “sports.” If such an event occurs, then, while the user is composing an electronic communication, electronic communication mechanism 308 may employ language analysis logic 310 to analyze the text of the electronic communication to provide context to the use of the text that potentially has a different meaning. Language analysis logic 310 may provide a probability factor to electronic communication mechanism 308 so that electronic communication mechanism 308 may not only mark the text as previously described, but also provide a indication of the multiple context definitions to the user with probability factors identified by language analysis logic 310. Additionally, language analysis logic 310 may access other language analysis logic 310 on one or more of clients 302b, 302c, . . . , 302n participating in the electronic communication to obtain probability factors associated with the other participants use of the multiple context definitions, to further refine the probability factors indicated to the user for the multiple context definitions. Based on the indication, the user may select an intended context definition for the marked text. Further, based on the selection, language analysis logic 310 may update personal dictionary 316 in order that future analysis with similar context would increase the probability factor.
When the user of client device 302c receives the electronic communication using their electronic communication mechanism 308, their electronic communication mechanism 308 displays the text of the electronic communication with the marking of the text that potentially has a different meaning. Then, when the user selects the marked text, either by clicking on the text, mousing-over the text, or by some other selection method, electronic communication mechanism 308 presents the intended context definition of the text to the user, either in a pop-window, a side-panel, or the like, so that the receiving user clearly understands the context associated with the text. Additionally, electronic communication mechanism 308 may present one or more actual definitions of the text so that, based on the context definition, the user may readily identify the text and its actual definition. Electronic communication mechanism 308 may identify the actual definition from an electronic dictionary, such as Merriam-Webster Online, Acronym Finder, or the like.
In another embodiment, upon receiving the electronic communication and prior to displaying the electronic communication to the receiving user, electronic communication mechanism 308 associated with the receiving client device may perform a search of personal dictionary 316 associated with the receiving user for common context definitions based on preferences set by the receiving user. That is, if the acronym DNS is marked within the received electronic communication, electronic communication mechanism 308 searches the receiving user's personal dictionary 316 for a DNS entry. If electronic communication mechanism 308 identifies a DNS entry within the receiving user's personal dictionary and the context definitions match, so that both DNS context definitions identify DNS as meaning “Dragon Naturally Speaking,” then electronic communication mechanism 308 may unmark the text within the electronic communication prior to displaying the electronic communication.
In yet another embodiment, events may occur where a user is using their client device while not in the office or at home. That is, the user may be using the client device at a restaurant. When the client device is not being used in a standard environment as identified by user preferences, electronic communication mechanism 308 may employ location logic 318 to aid in analysis of text in electronic communications. That is, electronic communication mechanism 308 may use location logic 318 to provide additional context to the use of the text that potentially has a different meaning For example, if a user uses the term “salsa” in an electronic communication and location logic 318 determines that the client device is at a restaurant, then electronic communication mechanism 308 may use the location information to mark the text with an indication that use of the term “salsa” means a spicy sauce of tomatoes, onions, and hot peppers rather than popular music of Latin American origin. However, since a restaurant may also provide dancing, then electronic communication mechanism 308 may not only mark the text as previously described, but also provide an indication of the multiple context definitions to the user. Based on the indication, the user may select an intended context definition for the marked text, Further, based on the selection, language analysis logic 310 may update personal dictionary 316 in order that future use of the term “salsa” with similar location information would only provide the one context definition.
When electronic communication 404 is sent by the user of client device 402a over network 414 it is received by a software developer using client device 402b and a speech pathologist using client device 402c. In client device 402b, electronic communication mechanism 406b displays electronic communication 404 such that the “DNS” text is identified as having a context definition, When the user of client device 402b performs a mouse-over of the identified text, electronic communication mechanism 406b may present pop-up display 416 that indicates that the term “DNS” with a contextual definition of speech recognition software as well as an actual definition of Dragon Naturally Speaking.
In client device 402c, electronic communication mechanism 406c may first search personal dictionary 408c on storage 410c to determine whether a personal dictionary 408c comprises an entry for the DNS text. If electronic communication mechanism 406c identifies a DNS entry within personal dictionary 408c and the context definitions match, so that both DNS context definitions identify DNS as meaning “Dragon Naturally Speaking,” then electronic communication mechanism 406c unmarks the DNS text within electronic communication 404 prior to displaying electronic communication 404.
Thus, a dynamic personal dictionary mechanism is provided for creating and utilizing personal dictionaries that map the text to a reasonable definition for the word, acronym, or the like, based on analysis of participant's electronic device and for providing other participants with the ability to obtain another participant's intended meaning by accessing that participant's personal dictionary.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present invention may be embodied as a system, method, or computer program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) Or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in any one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer usable program code embodied thereon.
Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in a baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Computer code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, radio frequency (RF), etc., or any suitable combination thereof.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java™, Smalltalk™, C++, or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer, or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
Aspects of the present invention are described below with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems and computer program products according to the illustrative embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions that implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
If at step 606 there is more than one match, then the electronic communication mechanism employs language analysis logic to analyze the entered text of the electronic communication to provide context to the use of the entered text that potentially has a different meaning (step 610). Based on the analysis from the language analysis logic, the electronic communication mechanism marks the entered text with an identifier (step 612) and provides an indication of the multiple context definitions to the user with probability factors identified by the language analysis logic (step 614). Once the user selects an intended context definition for the marked text, the electronic communication mechanism associates the selected context definition with the marked text (step 616). If the user fails to indicate a selection of one if the multiple context definitions, the electronic communication mechanism may insert one of the multiple context definitions based upon a predefined setting, such as inserting the context definition with the highest probability, inserting the context definition used most frequently, or the like. From step 616 or step 608, the operation continues by returning to step 604 until the user has submitted or transmitted the electronic communication (step 618) at which time the operation ends.
From step 708 or 710, the electronic communication mechanism then displays the text of the electronic communication with the marking of the text that potentially has a different meaning (step 712). When the receiving user selects the marked text, either by clicking on the text, mousing-over the text, or by some other selection method, the electronic communication mechanism presents the intended context definition of the marked text to the user, either in a pop-window, a side-panel, or the like, so that the receiving user clearly understands the context associated with the text (step 714). Additionally, the electronic communication mechanism presents one or more actual definitions of the text so that, based on the context definition, the user may readily identify the text and its actual definition (step 716), with the operation ending thereafter.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions fix implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
Thus, the illustrative embodiments provide mechanisms for creating and utilizing personal dictionaries that map words, acronyms, or the like, to a. reasonable definition for the word, acronym, or the like, based on analysis of participant's electronic device and for providing other participants with the ability to obtain another participant's intended meaning by accessing that participant's personal dictionary.
As noted above, it should be appreciated that the illustrative embodiments may take the form of an entirety hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment containing both hardware and software elements. In one example embodiment, the mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments are implemented in software or program code, which includes but is not limited to firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.
A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can include local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution.
Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards, displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system either directly or through intervening I/O controllers. Network adapters may also be coupled to the system to enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data processing systems or remote printers or storage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modems and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network adapters.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
