Patent Grant
7159923
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1. Field of Invention
The present invention defines a means to incorporate in passenger motor vehicles, unique safety arrangements particularly for lateral or side impacts that provide energy absorption by the mass of the vehicle but decouple the passenger from the impact acceleration and deceleration that is provided by the mass of the vehicle, thereby protecting the passengers during such collisions. Moreover, the same arrangement synergistically provides utility in access, comfort and further safety in the operating position for passengers and the driver.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the past safety of passengers was not always the priority in passenger vehicle design. In the evolution of motor vehicle design the structure moved from a chassis that held together the mechanical components of the vehicle—a structure that was then attached to a passenger compartment or to passenger seats. The design of the structure was to hold together the working components of the vehicle—a critical aspect at the time. Thereafter in more recent times right up to the present, Exo-skeletal designs have been the dominant paradigm. Here rigid shells were constructed to hold both the mechanical components and the passengers in fixed positions. However such fixed shell structures have had limited success in protecting passengers and drivers when there are lateral collisions as passengers undergo the same impact related accelerations and decelerations as the remaining parts of the vehicle, as space limitations don't allow for “crumple zones” as in the case of impact protection for head on collisions. Passengers are particularly vulnerable to side impacts as they cannot take preemptive measures as with head-on collisions where there is speed control and directional control that is available. As vehicle speeds have increased substantially in the last several decades, these safety considerations for passengers have become critical and urgent. Vehicle designers—particularly automobile designers—have risen admirably to the task by incorporating myriads of devices and additions within the rigid shell paradigm to minimize risk in the event of collisions. Such devices include restraints such as seat belts and certain types of protective air bags. However, there are limits within the rigid shell paradigm for two reasons: First, the energy of impact cannot be easily diverted away from passengers into the remaining mass of the vehicle on impact. Second, the rigid shell needs to support high shear stresses on lateral impact and related compressive loads to the passenger compartment of the vehicle a factor that can only be addressed with greater mass of the vehicle that will impact its performance.
Another area of interest in passenger vehicles is to provide, in synergy with the above contributions, utility and comfort of passengers and drivers and further synergistic head-on collision protection.
There are four areas of Background art that are related to the present invention. These are: vehicles with sliding seats, safety arrangements addressing lateral impacts on passenger vehicles, air bags and other shock absorbing devices, and miscellaneous safety devices for frontal impacts. None of the inventions in these areas individually or collectively state or imply any aspects of the present invention. Moreover, none of these Background art even addresses the issue of energy transfer away from the passengers to the mass of the vehicle on impact and concurrently provide a mechanism for easy access to the vehicle with ejector seats. This is despite the urgent need in the car industry for such safety and utility. Moreover the novelty of the present invention is underscored as it provides solutions hitherto unidentified in a very large and competitive industry that is acutely aware of these needs and is constantly in search of new solutions to them.
Sloan U.S. Pat. No. 3,071,407 (1963) describes a single rear bench seat (lines 4–45)—full length (C1-L55), that can slide out of either side of the vehicle. It describes a door structure that may be attached to the seat and slide across and through the passenger compartment of the vehicle as the seat slides out. This invention does not state or imply any safety considerations in its structure, moreover such a bench seat on slides, in the event of a lateral collision on the doors will focus the impact energy on the passengers and these passengers will be the principal casualties as the mass of the vehicle slides away little harmed. This will be the case even in the embodiment described where the doors are fixed to the seat and slides through the passenger compartment with the seat. Moreover, it cannot be used in a front seat even for its limited functionality with doors fixed to the seat as driving instrumentation (steering wheel etc) will not allow a door to slide through the compartment. Finally it does not provide any comfort features for passengers over and above a bench seat. Mach U.S. Pat. No. 2,753,947 (1956) describes a sliding bench seat for the access of the engine of the vehicle it does not address the issue of safety of passengers or access utility. It is expected to perform similarly to Sloan in an impact on the doors or around the side profile of the passengers in the vehicle. Solomon U.S. Pat. No. 2,758,872 (1953) provides a sliding bench seat that goes through the doorway and for the same reasons as Sloan does not provide protection in side impacts or provide any comfort features over and above a bench seat. Cyphert U.S. Pat. No. 3,944,277 (1976) describes a seat mounted on a sliding platform that has a door at the end and protective walls around it. The arrangement being designed for the utility of the operator to reach points away from the body of the vehicle without dismounting the vehicle. This invention like Sloan does not state or imply any safety considerations in its use. Moreover there is no expressed or implied reference to the utility of mounting and dismounting the vehicle or for the comfort of the operator or the passengers except for the ability for the platform to move out to give the operator greater reach away from the vehicle body. Rees U.S. Pat. No. 5,213,300 (1993) describes internal design structure for slide arrangements that allow forward and backward movement of the passenger seats in vehicles. This like many other inventions prior to it relate to the structure of the slides to adjust the position of the seats for passenger comfort in the direction of motion of the vehicle.
All the above items of background art relate to sliding seats. None of the above background art related to sliding seats have stated or implied safety considerations. Moreover, none of them provide utility for mounting and dismounting a vehicle except for a bench seat that slides out on either side of the vehicle, or provide comfort features except for seating arrangement on a bench seat and in one of the above—the lateral movement for convenience of the operator.
Maier U.S. Pat. No. 2,148,950 (1939) provides a laterally braced passenger compartment that braces a rigid shell body of a vehicle. Barenyi U.S. Pat. No. 2,710,222 (1955) provides a stiffening for the bottom plate of a vehicle body. Catlin U.S. Pat. No. 5,660,428 (1997) provides a design for a rigid shell structure. Guertler U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,266 (1995) uses stiffening arrangements for the floor of the vehicle as a component of a rigid shell vehicle body. Masuda U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,968 (1968) describes a strengthened rigid shell for the passenger compartment Oliver U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,172 (1985) describes a three part rigid shell structure for motor vehicles with the central section for passengers Sinnhuber U.S. Pat. No. 5,000,509 (1991) describes an arrangement that transfers impact energy from lateral impacts to the rigid body of the vehicle but does so through rigid members that include elements in the seats. The seats have limited lateral movement and are not free to move independent of the vehicle body in the event of a collision, thereby placing the passengers on the direct path of the energy transfer Maeda U.S. Pat. No. 4,512,604 (1985) describes a lateral brace for the seat arrangement of the vehicle within a rigid vehicle body structure thereby distributing the impact energy to other parts of the rigid body structure. Sacco U.S. Pat. No. 5,435,618 (1995) describes a lateral stiffening element that braces the rigid vehicle body in the region of the seats. Bhalsod U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,094 (1998) describes a pusher block that engages the seat in the event of a lateral impact thereby providing a rigid member between the rigid body structure and the seats that can transfer impact energy to the seats.
All of the above items of background art related to bracing a rigid body structure and provide stiffening mechanisms within the rigid shell structure to distribute energy of lateral impact. None of these items of background art provide mechanisms to transfer energy away from passengers in lateral impacts, or provide other safety arrangements or provide utility for mounting and dismounting the vehicle or provide comfort features for passengers in the operating position.
Baber U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,265 (1998) presents airbags for front and rear vehicle bumpers that deploy on impact. Such devices cannot be implemented on the side of the vehicle as a deceleration zone is not available under operating conditions as may be made available in the front and back of the vehicle. Moreover, as this airbag deploys on impact it creates a deceleration zone by pushing its own vehicle away that may actually increase the impulse forces acting on the passengers. Mercier U.S. Pat. No. 3,822,076 (1974) describers similar external front and back airbags and uses probes that protrude from the vehicle at the front and back to deploy the airbags. Such apparatus cannot be installed on the sides of the vehicle, as clearances are small. Stirling U.S. Pat. No. 5,131,703 (1992) describes a fluid filled chamber around the vehicle that will provide a deceleration zone on impact—frontal rear or lateral. However this arrangement requires the deceleration zone to be present during normal operating conditions that will reduce the maneuverability of vehicles if deployed on the sides of the vehicle. Park U.S. Pat. No. 4,995,659 (1991) describes a gas filled chamber deployed around the vehicle. Such a chamber is normally inflated under normal conditions and reduces maneuverability of the vehicle. Campbell U.S. Pat. No. 4,815,777 (1989) describes a bumper that can be deployed selectively by filling with gas. This bumper is effective when extended only. It is not designed to be deployed when the vehicle is in motion, as it will reduce maneuverability. Hartmann U.S. Pat. No. 5,810,427 (1998) describes a mechanism that transfers fluid from one airbag to another on impact. The airbag that is deployed is normally in an extended position to absorb the impact energy and provide the deceleration zone. However, such an extended airbag will reduce the maneuverability of the vehicle. There is a literature (“Extended Bumper and Glass-Plastic glazing methods to reduce intrusion and ejection in severe motor vehicle crashes”. C. C. Clark 1993. 26th Symposium on Automotive Technology and Automation. Aachen Germany., “Airbag bumpers inflated just before the crash” C. C. Clark., William A. Young. 1994. SAE Technical Paper 941051. “The crash anticipating extended airbag bumper system”. C. C. Clark. 1994. Fourteenth International Technical Conference on the enhanced safety of vehicles. Munich Germany., “Airbags as a means to reduce crash loads and intrusion, and increase intervehicular compatibility.” C. C. Clark. 1995. International Conference on Pelvic and Lower extremity injuries-Proceedings Washington D.C., Human Transportation Fatalities and Protection against Rear and Side Crash Loads by the Airstop Restraint” Carl Clark and Carl Blechschmidt. 1965. The Ninth Stapp Car Conference.) IDS, and background art on the construction of external airbags including deployment proactively with radar or other devices. This entire literature is limited to the use of proactive external airbags mounted on vehicles with rigid structures that include the passenger. There is no reference in this literature to the proactive detection of impact explicitly or implicitly creating a deceleration zone for passenger protection internally, relative to the vehicle as in the present invention. Moreover, this literature is focussed on external airbags for front impact protection with for example rigid penetration buffers to negotiate posts and trees, unlike the present invention which does not prescribe external airbags for front impacts. Furthermore, as this literature describes external airbags without perforation shields their implementability is questionable as, unlike internal airbags that are in relatively protected environments, impact with external airbags often occurs with objects with sharp points and edges that are likely to perforate the external airbags. The Present invention requires perforation shields for external airbags.
All the above items of background art relate to air bag devices for safety in vehicles. However, none of these references take the integrated approach of the present invention, as more fully explained below, which comprises proactive deployment of both internal and external air bags, together with sliding seat members and other devices. Moreover while the present invention can function even without the deployment of external airbags, either proactive or reactive, taken together these items provide protection for passengers which is more than the sum of the parts. Furthermore, none of the protection airbags disclosed, related to external air bags having protective perforation shields that further enhance their efficacy. Moreover none of these devices provide energy transferring mechanisms away from the passenger in a lateral impact or provide other safety features. Moreover they do not provide any utility features for passengers in mounting and dismounting the vehicle or provide comfort features to the passengers.
Perras U.S. Pat. No. 2,873,122 (1959) which describes an invention where upon a head-on collision the seat projects a curved protector around the passenger designed to protect the passenger. This curved protector retracts into the seat under normal operating conditions. It is not clear how effective such a mechanism will be as the acceleration of the passenger forward relative to the vehicle may precede that of curved protector's release from the seat. Satzinger U.S. Pat. No. 3,961,805 (1976) describes seat belts for frontal collisions that provide safety for vehicles. Such seat belts are in common use. However, they suffer from the drawback that they restrain the body of the passenger in the narrow regions covered by such belts which may cause injury as other parts of the body are not restrained. Moreover such belts are not popular, while in common use as the belts are in constant contact with the body—a factor that is not often relished. Pulling U.S. Pat. No. 3,981,520 (1976) describes an arrangement where that provides passenger movement and protection in frontal impacts. On impact the passenger moves in the vertical plane of motion to a more protected position while side firing airbags provide frontal protection. This system of deployment of airbags for frontal collision protection is similar to other frontal airbag systems. They are necessary as restraining systems during the collision but need to be retracted in conventional passenger compartments to give passengers access to their seats while mounting and dismounting the vehicle. Erickson U.S. Pat. No. 2,777,531 (1957) describes an invention that rotates the seat of the passenger thereby restraining and protecting the passenger on impact taking advantage of the inertia prior to impact to endow the passenger with rotational energy that changes the position of the seat. Such rotation can injure the passenger with impacts at present day passenger vehicle speeds.
All the above items of background art relate to frontal impact protection. None of these items provide a device that is normally deployed during operation, and provides a broad area of restraint across the body for the entire upper body, head and neck, without a need for changing the orientation of the passenger. Moreover none of these items provide any protection for side impacts or provide utility for mounting and dismounting the vehicle or for the comfort of the passengers in the operating position.
In view of these prior references what would be useful is an arrangement that diverts the impact energy in lateral or side impacts away from the passengers to the remaining mass of the vehicle thereby protecting the passengers, and in the same arrangement provides utilitarian access to the vehicle, such utilitarian access making it possible to both install multi-element contoured surround seats for passengers and the driver, and also a safety device for head-on collision protection that obviates the need for conventional seat belts and front impact airbags. Moreover, it would be useful to have a synergistic structural arrangement for the vehicle that targets strength of the vehicle to protect passengers while minimizing other massive elements in the vehicle.
The present invention includes these objects and advantages.
Some of the objects and advantages of the present invention are, to provide an arrangement that diverts the impact energy in lateral or side impacts away from the passengers to the remaining mass of the vehicle thereby protecting the passengers but decelerating the impacting object with the remaining mass of the vehicle. Moreover the arrangement synergistically provides a means for utilitarian easy access to the vehicle for passengers and drivers alike and allows the installation of multi-element surround contoured seats for the comfort and protection of passengers. This arrangement differs sharply from the Background art in that it does not simply offer to the impacting body a reinforced rigid shell where the passenger is treated as part of this integral unit, but rather provides selective and differential treatment of the mass of the passengers and driver of the vehicle vis-à-vis the remaining mass of the vehicle. Furthermore the present invention differs sharply from the Background art in that the resulting structure synergistically permits the installation of contoured multi-element surround seats and a unique safety harness that protects passengers in head-on collisions, both of which may not be implementable without the slide or other moving arrangements for seats on either side of the vehicle in the present invention.
Another object and Advantage of the present invention is the gravity slide drive and a related shock absorbing arrangement relative to the fixed body members of the vehicle ad the terrain traversed by the vehicle, for my arrangement for which there is no counterpart in the Background art. This allows further Utility and weight and energy saving in implementing the above elements of the present invention.
Another Object and Advantage of the present invention includes External side Airbags that differ sharply from the Background art in that for the first time they proactively create a “Just in Time” deceleration zone both for the passenger relative to the vehicle and also for the vehicle relative to the impacting body, for the lateral or side impact while not remaining in an extended position under normal operating conditions of the vehicle.
Another Object and advantage of this invention is a perforation resistant shield for external airbag protection that would reduce the probability of deployment failure. The background art does not provide for this function in externally deploying airbags.
Another object and advantage of the present invention is a indo-skeletal structure of the vehicle body that permits the energy transfer from the lateral or side impact through compressive members to the body of the vehicle. Unlike the Background art this indo-skeletal structure is designed to transfer energy to the body of the vehicle without transferring it to the passengers and driver of the vehicle. The passengers are targeted for protection with “Safety zones”.
impact.
11–14 and 10E16–17 Illustrate yet another set of embodiments where the linear sliding arrangements are cylindrical and the curvilinear sliding arrangement is replaced with a moving pivotal arrangement using a crank attached to the side of the CISM. The CISM is not shown for clarity. FIG. 10E15 illustrates a possible embodiment for engaging the pin with the shock absorbers on each side with compression only required of each of the shock absorbers.
Any of the sliding arrangements, locations of shock absorbing mechaninsms and pivotal arrangements that replace curvilinear sliding arrangements may be used interchangeably in the
The present invention provides a passenger vehicle a structure that synergistically incorporates two functions. First, during lateral or side impacts, a means to decouple from impact, and protect passengers while projecting the remaining mass of the vehicle to decelerate the impacting body, and second, utility to passengers and drivers, in mounting and dismounting the vehicle with the comfort of contoured surround seats. The arrangement may in some embodiments use an indo-skeletal beam that allows such embodiments to rely on compressive force transmission to transfer impact energy to the mass of the vehicle rather than shear loads that are required in the shell paradigm of construction in most current passenger vehicles.
The present invention may use Primary and Secondary slides on each side of the vehicle, to meet these objectives. The Primary slide has among other attached devices, a protector shield that bears the impact force in lateral or side impacts. Such protector shields may be hinged out for access if the sliding arrangement is not used. The Primary Slide may engage a central indo-skeletal beam in some embodiments. The Secondary slide is attached among other devices to possibly contoured surround seats. This slide may be activated under impact to guide passengers in their seats away from the impact zone.
The present invention may utilize a Safety Beam in the vicinity of the seats. However, there is an important advance over the Background art in that the Beam does not lock the passengers on the path of the energy transfer, but rather, conducts the energy of impact away from the passenger to the indo-skeletal frame or to the body members of the shell (collectively elements of the fixed body members) and thereby to the mass of the vehicle allowing independent motion of the passengers away from the impact.
The present invention may use proactively fired external airbags which for the first time provide a means to create a “Just in Time” deceleration zone on the side of a vehicle prior to impact but not deployed under normal operating conditions of the vehicle. Notably, Background art for external airbags that are either extended under normal operating conditions of the vehicle or require reactive deployment cannot function effectively, as the former will impede the maneuverability of the vehicle and the latter will not be able to create a deceleration zone in time for the impact.
Overall this invention provides a “bottom up” paradigm for the design of vehicles starting with the human environment and building outwards to the vehicle—in stark contrast to the conventional approach of design that starts with the vehicle and inserts within these constraints, the passenger environment. Moreover, this invention embodies a two level safety system. The first or the primary level is passive and has a negligible probability of failure. The second level is active and predictive or proactive, utilizing advanced technologies. However, complex advanced technology systems have the drawback of higher probabilities of failure. Therefore while the second level can reduce the level of injury in serious crashes, there is a non trivial probability of failure of this secondary system Therefore it is necessary to build a primary system that is good enough in most cases to reduce injury levels in severe crashes. The paper in the Appendix includes simulation results for an embodiment of the primary system alone with a failure of the secondary system.
The following descriptions are for embodiments of the present invention. Deviations from this description in an embodiment is possible without deviating from the present invention.
The following is a detailed description of some of the components of this embodiment. The seating arrangement of a passenger vehicle is shown in
In
An auxiliary slide beam structure (108) (as illustrated in
Means for access for passengers in this embodiment as illustrated in
While extended, the clearance on the side of the vehicle for the Easy Ejector will usually be in the range of about 20 inches to 30 inches. This could be substantially less than the clearance required for opening a conventional car door. This is particularly useful for parking in areas with limited clearance.
While the above embodiment uses a power slide drive, this embodiment differs in that a gravity slide drive is employed to move the slides for mounting the vehicle. FIGS. 7,8 and 9 describe this arrangement. This embodiment differs in the preferred embodiment above in that the Lower Primary slide/safety Beam (102, 102′) are pivoted at the Central member of the indo-skeletal structure with pivots (118). As shown in
When the passenger dismounts from the seat the Upper Primary slide (107) in its extended position moves to the higher of two positions about the Pivot (118) as illustrated in
The above cycle represents operation of the Gravity Slide Drive when there is a passenger in the seat (109) when the Slide moves to and from the operating position as on the left of
Some alternative embodiments may have multiple positions for the inclinations of the safety beams from the center of the vehicle, in the loading position to accommodate the varying road inclinations that may make a single inclination of the safety beam in the loading position inadequate. In such an embodiment the operator will have the facility to switch to the best loading inclination dependant on the inclination of the road. This will overcome some of the disadvantages of regular car doors on steep hills. Moreover, this arrangement can also function as a shock absorbing device for the comfort of the passengers in vehicles under operating conditions. A possible embodiment to achieve this can have a range of angular inclinations for the operating position, the range being set so that the transfer of the compressive load on impact through to the fixed body members of the vehicle or the central beam is achieved. The Safety beams are spring or shock absorber mounted in a vertical plane relative to the central beam and the fixed body members of the vehicle. When a bump in the road is encountered the safety beams pivot on the center and swing higher at the center thereby isolating the passenger from the road.
Some embodiments of the multi-element contoured seats may have a structure that provides anatomically accurate support for the body as illustrated in
Considering the complexity of the seat systems including the multi channel inflators for each of the air cells and the air cushions along with the mechanical controls for inclining the shadow ribs and the pelvic and hip supports, it would normally be necessary to use a closed loop feedback with computer control. Pressure sensing of each air filled device will provide feedback on the resistant force o the human body and therefore firmness of the support. This information can be used to provide the firmness control desired by the passenger. One computer controlled scheme could be where the passenger inputs gender weight, and height and the computer alters the size of the seat by inflating and deflating air cells and cushions accordingly and the provides several alternative configurations that the customer can select. The customer can then customize firmness and variations on the seat presets.
Finally the shoulder bolsters and shadow ribs may have deploying micro aircushions that hold the passenger in the event of a collision.
Yet another computer control scheme for the seats has a “learn” mode” and a “save” mode for the computer control. When the computer control is set to the learn mode the feedback system observations are used to learn the user's preferred positions. Thereafter when in the save mode the seat is set to this position. As an additional enhancement the seat control can be voice activated to allow the user to “tell” the seat to be either in the learn or save modes.
Another embodiment of the multi element contoured seat that provides anatomically accurate support for the body comprises a shadow spine that is made up in part by an array of interlocking vertebra bodies as in 204 that are each connected to body support members that may be shadow ribs or other support members for the human body as described herein. The size of each vertebra may be scaled to accommodate the force considerations encountered by the vertebra during crash conditions. Therefore many embodiments will have larger vertebra at the lower end of the shadow spine and smaller vertebra at the top of the spine. Each of the interlocking vertebra bodies have a slider insert 205 that has a hole to accommodate the vertebra attachment pin. The slider moves within the housing on the vertebra body to allow extension and contraction in the effective length of each vertebra. The movement in the position of the hole is accommodated by the slot in the vertebra body. Adjoining vertebra are joined by a pin that is fitted into the vertebra attachment pin socket-1 in the slider insert 213 and the vertebra attachment pin socket-2212 on the adjoining vertebra. On assembly of the string of such vertebra there will be limited pivotal movement possible laterally as the pin holes 212 rotate relative to the pin holes 213. Such movement may be limited with the shape of the vertebra attachment key 211 and the slot for adjoining vertebra key 210. And further controlled by springs to described below. Each of the vertebrae in the shadow spine may have an angled pin hole 212 along with orthogonal surfaces of the key 211 so that the position of each of the vertebrae reflect the required curvature of the shadow spine to accommodate the passenger spine curvature. Notably the arrangements for contraction and extension of the chain of vertebrae will allow for different sized passengers. The vertebra at the bottom of the string is connected to the lower part of the seat with a slot arrangement that fits the key on the vertebra or alternatively if the vertebra are oriented to have their keys above their slots, the lower seat will have a key to accommodate the slot on the lowest vertebra. The vertebrae may extend to support the head and neck. The number and length of vertebrae will depend on the balance between the larger cost of a large number of vertebrae and the value in accurate support with a shadow vertebra for each vertebra of the passenger and one for the head of the passenger. The shadow spine also comprises two chords of high tensile strength possibly of stranded steel, that are rigidly connected to the aperture for tension chord 208 of the top vertebra, and are each threaded through the apertures for tension chords 208, one on each side of the vertebrae along the length of the shadow spine. Springs are interspersed between the vertebrae to surround each of the chords one on each side of each vertebra, to separate the vertebrae when there is no tension in the chord and to extend the shadow spine by forcing the slider insert 205 to slide outwards to the extent possible. The two tension chords are threaded through holes in a mounting members of the shadow spine located near the lower seat, and attached to a mechanism that can loosen and tighten each of the two chords concurrently by the same amount, thereby forcing each of the springs to compress and allow a contraction of each of the vertebrae of the shadow spine. This arrangement allows adjustment of the seat back to the size of height of the passenger or operator. The characteristics of each of the pairs of springs on each of the vertebrae can be adjusted to compress by different amounts, the vertebrae at different levels of the shadow spine to reflect the relative variations in size of different vertebrae of tall and short people. In the event of a side collision, one of the tension chords will remain in tension while the other may slacken by compressing further the springs on its side caused by the lateral force allowing limited lateral movement and bending of the shadow spine, thereby limiting the peak accelerations that are encountered by the upper body head and neck. The entire shadow spine assembly will have some controlled flexibility by design for forward and backward movement for protection of the passenger in a rear or front collision. There will also be attachment points for seat belts or safety shields on one or more of the vertebrae.
A further refinement of this embodiment of the shadow spine in the multi-element contoured seat as in
Yet another variation of this embodiment discharges the air in the adjustable air cushions when passengers leave the seats, and then reinflate these aircushions when the new passenger sits down with air that is preheated or precooled to the preferred temperature of the passenger. Thereafter the air cushions will provide insulation at that temperature for the seating surface.
Yet another embodiment of the multi element seat has a back and head/neck support that is supported by concentric tubes that fit within each other and can slide within each other. The longest and narrowest of these tubes supports the head rest. The tube next in length and wider, supports the neck rest, the tube next in length and still wider supports the thorax (there may also be a tube that supports the shoulders at this position between the neck and the thorax). The next length of tube supports the lower back and the lumbar region. Each of these tubes may be independently raised or lowered to meet the user's preference and anatomy. Moreover the support for each region whether it be head, neck, shoulders, thorax or lumbar regions, may be widened or narrowed with each of these sections. While the background art provides many possible approaches for raising and lowering the sections and the widening and narrowing of the sections defined above in this embodiment, a simple embodiment has all the control devices at the bottom of the tubes. The raising and lowering of each tube can use electric servos or pneumatic or gas lift mechanisms attached to the concentric sections that are designed such that the narrower tubes protrude below the wider tubes for access for support and control by the said lift mechanisms. The width of each of the sections may be controlled with air cells that are inflatable to the passenger's preference. This embodiment with concentric tubes may allow some limited flexing and therefore lateral movement of the body under lateral impact conditions thereby reducing peak accelerations of the head neck and thorax regions of the body. The cross sections of the tubes that support the sections may be circular in some embodiments to allow the user the ability to twist for example to reach a child in the back seat, this embodiment however has a viscous damper or ratchet arrangement with a centrifugal governor that prevents rapid twisting motion as under side collision forces. Such viscous dampers or centrifugal ratchets may be attached to each of the concentric tubes that allow twisting motion. Such viscous dampers with radial vanes and ratchet arrangements with centrifugal governors are well disclosed in the background art. Other embodiments that prevent twisting motion may have rectangular or other irregular cross sections.
Yet another embodiment uses a second rotating mechanism or turn table for the seat about a vertical axis mounted at the point of attachment of the seat to the fixed elements of the vehicle when in the normal operating position, that allows the user discretion to position and lock the seat at an angle to the direction of motion of the vehicle. This is sometimes desired by drivers. The computer control system for the seats can have a learn position that learns the angular position that is desired by the user and then sets it in the save position. The user commands can be verbal with voice recognition.
Yet another embodiment has a head and neck support in a multi element adjustable seat (where the head and neck support is constructed to be light but strong), in addition to having vertical movements is pivoted along a horizontal lateral axis and is designed with spring controls to move forward and touch the head and neck without pushing the head and neck with uncomfortable forces. Radial or linear viscous dampers are attached about the horizontal axis of the head and neck support that prevents rapid movement of the head and neck in a rear end collision. The viscous dampers are well disclosed in the background art.
Embodiments, particularly those that utilize the indo-skeletal structure may include the following additional embodiments and variations thereof for frontal and rear impact protection and passenger comfort and convenience. The additional structure is illustrated in
There are at least two functions for this motion. First in the event of a front collision the force will compress the shock absorbers on the end of the front end connector tube and thereby force the crank to pivot up the front module. This angular acceleration of the massive front module will absorb energy of the impact and acting as a “fly wheel”, remove acceleration spikes that the passenger would otherwise sustain and in addition due to its vertical acceleration increase the traction on the front wheels thereby increasing the braking friction resistance that can be offered. Finally in the event of a collision the inclining front module will divert the impacting vehicle over the passenger space. This action is illustrated in
The same value is derived in the rear structure as the front structure for rear collisions and in front collisions and in parking. The arguments are similar.
Another embodiment may have a single but broad set of central body tube body extender tube and the back/front end connector tubes with a split front or back module and connection of the front/back connector tube with the front/back ends respectively in the middle. Yet another configuration may have a single central body tube and body extender tube but then have a “T” shaped structure on the back or the front to have separate left and right front and/or back end connector tubes connected with the front end at either side. In the event the body extender tube in not used the connection of the front/back module cranks will be to the central body tubes.
For embodiments that use an exoskeletal or shell design, an additional embodiment deploys airbags in the space surrounding the engine components to change the characteristics of the crumple zone. Moreover in addition some of these embodiments have the passenger cabin slidably and detachably connected to the rest of the vehicle and mounted behind these deploying airbags such that on impact, the cabin detaches from the vehicle and slides backwards in a controlled fashion to ensure the integrity of the cabin.
Yet another additional embodiment has a rear seat that has a unique bench configuration with sections that maintain their integrity and width in a side collision and other sections that collapse or compress in predefined controlled ways, to absorb the impact acceleration that would otherwise be transmitted to the passengers. One of these embodiments is shown in
The hip bolster P101 that is compressible to a pre defined width P109 and providing a predefined resistive force to compression, in the event of a lateral force being applied to the hip bolster in a side impact, and designed to compress to a minimum width that still protects the hip of the passengers, is mounted adjacent to and on either side of the contoured seat bottoms P102 which are designed not to compress substantially in the event of lateral compressive forces being applied to it in the event of a side impact. The shapes and widths of the uncompressed hip bolsters may vary depending on whether the hip bolster is at the end of a seat or in between the seat bottoms P102.
The collinear mounting of the hip bolsters and seat bottoms along a lateral axis is in some embodiments achieved with impact decoupler/secondary slides P103 that connect the hip bolsters and the seat bottoms to the fixed elements of the vehicle. These impact decouplers are under normal operating conditions, fixedly attached to each of the seat bottoms and each of the hip bolsters and under a predefined lateral force decouple the seat bottoms and hip bolsters to slide along a lateral axis relative to the fixed elements of the vehicle. The impact decoupler/secondary slides are mounted on the hip bolsters such that under compression to the predefined width, the impact decouplers/secondary slides do not obstruct the compression process.
Some of these embodiments have a further feature to lower and raise the hip bolsters to facilitate egress and ingress. FIGS. 21A3 and 21 A4 illustrate one possible embodiment of this arrangement. Slots in the hip bolster accommodate the secondary slides at the time of withdrawal of the hip bolsters to approximately the level of the seat bottoms. In addition there are slots to accommodate the sliding surfaces on the fixed elements of the vehicle, that are attached to the impact decouplers secondary slides. This arrangement for lowering and raising the hip bolsters may be activated when the doors are opened and closed, raising the hip bolsters to the operating position when the doors are closed and lowering the hip bolsters when the doors are opened thereby facilitating egress and ingress. The lowering and raising arrangement can also be disabled to allow more passengers to use the back seat but without the using the side impact protection system.
The arrangement for raising and lowering the hip bolsters may also be used to change the width of the seat bottom within limits by changing the height of the bolsters, each having an angled edge on the sides facing the seat bottoms.
The back rest P112 and the shoulder bolster/support P111, support the back and shoulders/arms respectively of the passengers. The seat bottom P102 and the back rest P112 are located in the same lateral position for each of the passengers. Similarly, the hip bolsters and the shoulder bolsters are located in the same lateral position so that the shoulder bolster lies substantially above the hip bolster. The shoulder bolster is controllably crushable like the hip bolster, to be reduced under compressive lateral forces to a predefined narrow width. The back rest and the shoulder bolster support are mounted on impact decoupler/secondary slides in an analogous fashion to the seat bottom and the hip bolster respectively. Moreover, the back rest and the seat bottom are connected so that the movement of the seat bottom and the back rest when decoupled and thereafter laterally slidably attached to the fixed members of the vehicle, follow each other exactly so that the passenger support position is maintained under lateral impact conditions. Some embodiments have retracting arrangements of the shoulder bolster analogous to the hip bolster.
In some embodiments the sliding surfaces on the fixed elements of the vehicle, that the impact decoupler/secondary slides are restrained to following during impact, may be segmented into sections across the vehicle so that sections of the seat back may be folded down along with these surfaces to provide enhanced storage space in the trunk of the vehicle or for other utility purposes. Moreover the members of the fixed elements of the vehicle that provide these sliding surfaces may be constructed in telescoping elements so that on lateral impact they decouple and telescope together rather than buckle under lateral forces thereby maintaining the integrity of the lateral sliding surfaces. These telescoping sections may also form a part of the impact decoupling arrangement of the secondary slides.
The head rest P113 is connected to the back rest and is vertically adjustable but is laterally fixed to the back rest, and therefore will move laterally with the back rest in the event of a side impact of sufficient magnitude, thereby ensuring that the head and the back of the passenger are supported at the same lateral position ensuring that there is little differential movement of the head relative to the body of the passenger during impact.
Under lateral impact conditions, forces on the protector shields which may consist of the vehicle body sides and/or the back door and/or the rear wheels and sections of the wheel wells of the vehicle, all of which have surfaces that abut the sides of the passengers, the hip bolsters and the shoulder bolsters on the impact side of the vehicle, provide impact resistance. As a controlled crush commences in a lateral direction, internal airbags are deployed adjoining the hip bolsters and shoulder bolsters on the impact side of the vehicle but on the inside of the protector shield elements, thereby transferring impact forces through the airbag to the hip bolster and shoulder bolster on the impact side of the vehicle. The inside airbag in some embodiments may be in several sections with one or more of these sections mounted inside the rear wheel well of the vehicle.
Head and neck airbags P114, Body air bags P115 and side bolster airbags P110 are deployed on impact to hold the passengers in the survival space contained by the seat bottom, the back rest and the head rest. Thereafter the movement of the passengers laterally will be with minimal differential movement of the body elements as they are held by the airbags that are in turn attached to the head rest the back rest and the seat bottom respectively, which in turn are constrained to move together laterally on impact.
The airbags may be constructed as micro-air cushions that are driven by the internal airbag as the sacrificial chamber. They may also be separately deployed airbags.
Some of the chambers of the inside airbags may be preinflated and therefore completely passive.
The body airbags may be shaped to be inclined downwards on the top surface to gently push the arms of the passengers forward, while maintaining relatively even support for the arms down from the shoulder.
In the compressed position of the hip bolsters and shoulder bolsters, it is likely that the shoulder space will be very limited. Therefore, some embodiments may have the center seat back offset forward relative to the seat backs on either side, thereby moving the passenger in the central seat to be slightly ahead of the passengers on the side in the operating position. Therefore under impact, the shoulders of the center passenger will not abut the shoulders of the passengers on the side but will lie ahead of the shoulders of the passengers on the sides, thereby allowing adequate space for shoulders of all passengers under impact. The body air bags on deployment will push all the arms forward and upward and hold the torsos of passengers on both sides. If the center passenger shoulder is in front of the side passenger shoulders the inner arm of each of the side passengers will push up the arms of the center passenger when the air bag deploys.
The shapes of the body airbags may be such that they hold both passengers on either side, or be designed to hold only one of the two passengers adjoining the hip bolster or shoulder bolster from which it is deployed. In the latter case there will be two bags to support each of the two passengers on either side the hip bolster and the shoulder bolster. The hip bolster and shoulder bolsters on the ends of the rear seat assembly will need only one air bag on each as there is only one adjoining passenger.
Some car architectures have the rear wheel well partially straddling the rear seat. As a result an outward displacement of the rear seat on the further side from the impact can be prevented. Some embodiments of the present invention that are in these architectures, have specially constructed wheel wells and componentry that are placed between the seats and the wheel wells to allow a compression of the wheel wells as the rear seat moves outwards on the side opposite the collision. Some of these arrangements may include a perforation or weakening of the wheel well along the profile of the seat in the outward extended position of the seat under impact of the side further from the impact, to allow the lateral force of the seat on the wheel well to separate and crush the section in the way of the seat to allow the movement of the seat. To assist with this process of separation of the section of the wheel well in the way of the seat, the seat may have mounted to its edge in a position facing the wheel well a cutting edge, so that the wheel well may be cut or separated more easily during collision conditions as described above.
Yet other embodiments in architectures of cars that have wheel wells partially straddling the rear seat, have airbags that deploy in the wheel well on the impact side to control the forces on the rear seat, and would provide the function of the inside airbags in other embodiments.
Yet other embodiments of the present invention have a raised and/or forward shifted section of the middle seat on the rear seat assembly so that in the normal operating position the passenger in the center seat, has his/her shoulders in a position that will not engage the shoulders of the side passengers under impact. As a result the present invention will under side impact conditions, compress the side bolsters and back/shoulder bolsters, while maintaining the survival space of the back and bottom rests of the seats, while the shoulders overlap and thereby permit the compression of the arrangement of the passengers under side impact.
Another additional embodiment provides for the conversion of the vehicle as described in the present invention into an aircraft with the same robust safety arrangements, but also adapted for functioning as a helicopter type vehicle with the necessary changes in the architecture to provide for the power source at the top of the passenger cab, while retaining a reduced wheel base if necessary for balance and maneuvering considerations. Notably the present invention can therefore have embodiments that are aircraft with the side, front and back impact protection that is required for use of such vehicles on conventional roads exceeding the stringent minimum safety standards of all road vehicles.
One version of this additional embodiment has the front module 194, along with the crank 196, and the pivoting socket for pivoting about a pin on the front end 190, 192 mounted on a pair of elevator beams 199, each supported pivotally near the center of the vehicle 188 or in its vicinity, and constructed such that they support the front module when in the near horizontal position when the vehicle functions as a ground vehicle. Each of the cranks 196 have one of their pivots mounted on the corresponding elevator beam 199. the other pivot of the crank being on the module 194. The module in the near horizontal position during functioning as a surface vehicle will have the notches at the front end resting in the pivot pins on the front end 190 and locked adequately in place. This arrangement, ensures that in the event of a collision at the front end, the pivot pin engages the slot and pushes the front module backwards at the pin position, thereby forcing the crank 196, that is fixed on the stationary elevator beam 199 at the rear end, to move the rear pivot on the front module upwards and thereby ensure the performance of the present invention with this structure as noted herein. When elevated by mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic means well disclosed in the background art, the elevator beam inclines the front module to an adjustable angle to the vertical. Thereby allowing a folded propeller that may be mounted at the front end of the said front module and the vanes of which may be folded in a storage position on the sides of the front module and its top and bottom in recesses designed for the purpose (the length of the vanes/blades can be greater for those stored on the sides of the front module and shorter for those stored at the top and bottom of the front module. Figures do not show the folded propeller) this propeller can be engaged to the motor and/or engine that is in the front module to provide loft for the vehicle to fly. In addition the front end 192 and back end 193 may be retracted as described in the present invention, to fold the back end upwards and to reduce the wheel base and the maneuverability of the airborne vehicle. The position of the rear module can be varied with controls on the retraction of the back end to provide the right balance characteristics of the vehicle when air borne. This additional embodiment is best suited for a drive by wire vehicle as the front module is not directly connected to the wheels and a transmission system to the wheels is not necessary, thereby reducing the weight of the vehicle. Low mass wheel motors are another useful addition to propel the vehicle as a ground vehicle. Such wheel motors may be used to drive small propellers to provide lateral thrust needed for the vehicle when in flight. (in some embodiments after being disengaged from the wheels)Forward thrust can be provided from the main propeller with an inclined elevator beam.
Moreover, in this additional flying embodiment and in an embodiment for a standard ground vehicle, the shock absorption systems in 189, 190 may have shock absorbers that may be decoupled to provide even greater retraction movement under server control.
Yet other flying embodiments of the present invention have dual elevating beams that engage both the front and the back modules thereby permitting both modules to be elevated and drive the propellers or rotors. These embodiments will have the modules in the elevated position to be at a small angle to each other so that the rotors do not collide while rotating. Moreover they have contra rotating rotors or propellers. The inclination of the rotors or propellers may be changed to facilitate forward sideward or backward movement of the vehicle.
Yet other flying embodiments have dual elevator beams on each side for each module so that they may elevate the module to a position substantially above the passenger cabin without rotating the modules substantially.
Yet other flying embodiments of the present invention maintain the modules in the normal operating position as in a surface vehicle as noted herein, but with rotor or propeller shafts that may be angled upwards to a substantially vertical orientation. These embodiments may have rotor or propeller shafts that are long so that the center of lift or the point at which the upward thrust of the rotors applies will be well above the center of gravity of the vehicle thereby providing greater stability.
Yet another flying embodiment of the present invention, has each of the seats on one or more mounts (these mounts can be the secondary & primary slide arrangements noted herein), such that under substantial vertical load as encountered in a vertical crash situation the mounts tilt so that the seat support for the back or spine of the passenger or operator inclines backwards so that the axial load on the spine due to the vertical deceleration is reduced by supporting the upper body in a substantially horizontal or inclined position. These tilting mounts may be attached to the fixed body members of the vehicle and maintained in the operating position using friction or impact shear load induced decoupling arrangements. One such embodiment has a pair of primary and secondary slides as in a conventional non-flying embodiment as in
Yet another additional embodiment of the present invention has the passenger support mechanism (the seat in many embodiments) supported by a pivot substantially in the center of the seat and near r the lower support element of the support mechanism and the occupant contact surface thereof, with an axis along the direction of motion of the vehicle, and motion about this pivot being spring controlled to return the seat to the operating position under no external forces. The pivotal movement is also heavily damped to absorb energy as the seat is moved in either lateral direction from the operating vertical position. The pivot is attached on its other end to the impact decoupler/secondary slides that have been previously disclosed. In the event of the side impact, the internal airbags or equivalents that may be damped springs, will initially move the passenger support mechanism pivotally prior to the impact decouplers of the secondary slide being decoupled. Therefore following impact, the head and thorax start moving first towards the impacted surface of the vehicle (or accelerate more slowly than the impacted surface of the vehicle) and then the body rotates with the passenger support mechanism away from the impact, and finally if the impact is severe enough, the entire body with the passenger support mechanism moves when the impact decouplers are decoupled. This additional embodiment gives the head and thorax a greater motion space than the pelvic region as the body accelerates, and is particularly useful if the movement of the lower seat is constrained by fixed elements of the vehicle such as a center tunnel that is not designed to collapse. The longer time (and distance) allowed for the head and thorax to accelerate give them a potentially lower peak acceleration of the acceleration is designed to be as near constant as possible be design of the springs and dampers controlling the pivotal movement and the resistance to motion caused by the secondary slides when decoupled. Notably in this additional embodiment the head and neck are well supported by elements of the passenger support mechanism.
Yet another additional embodiment extends the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10D1–10D4 where the safety beam upper element is concentric to the safety beam lower element. Here the safety beam lower and upper elements have an interlocking worm drive that is driven at one of the ends of these elements to move the safety beam upper element into the access position and back from the operating position. There can be multiple concentric telescoping tubes that constitute the safety beam upper element provide an accordion type extension the drive in this embodiment may be between the safety beam lower element and the section of the safety beam upper element sections that supports the passenger support mechanism directly or indirectly through the impact decouplers/secondary slides. Furthermore in this embodiment the inside airbag equivalents may be damped spring assemblies that engage the cylindrical safety beam lower and upper elements when in the operating position. This will be particularly useful for hinged protector shields that move separately to the passenger support mechanism such as in gull wing doors. Such hinged protector shields may have pins to engage the safety beam lower and upper element in the operating position.
In an alternative embodiment to the preferred embodiment, the present invention may use hinged Protector Shields (106) that lock into the Primary Slide (107) when closed. This will allow the arrangement to work for mounting and dismounting the vehicle with either the Primary Slides deactivated or non-operational as well as when they are functional. The seats may also be mounted on rotating mechanisms or extension arms rather than a primary slide, to assist passengers in mounting and dismounting.
Another alternative embodiment utilizes co-axial sliding mechanisms that constitute said rotating mechanisms rather than the primary slides such that the fixed and rotating members of said rotating mechanisms have an adequate area of contact and reaction to support lateral collision forces.
Another alternative embodiment is illustrated in
Yet another embodiment has the at least one shock absorbing device and the at least one force distributing protector shield comprising a deformable protective shell mounted to the fixed elements of the vehicle on the outside of the passengers so that in the event of a side impact, the shell distributes the impact force to the fixed body members of the vehicle while by deforming, absorbs some of the energy of impact.
Another alternative embodiment is illustrated in
Another alternative embodiment may have a contoured safety harness with a different shape to that of the preferred embodiment.
Some embodiments of the multi-element contoured seat may have sides that fold down and away from the passenger. This feature is useful particularly for the inner side of the passengers near the side of the vehicle and for both sides of the passengers in the middle of the vehicle, if the center seats are fixed and not ejectable. Notably however, the sides lock in the operating position and brace the seat from lateral compression, thereby protecting the passenger.
Some embodiments have seat bottoms comprising two symmetrical elements each with a support surface for supporting the pelvis of the passenger, where the said support surface may be laterally displaced to space out the symmetric elements and/or angled about an axis horizontal and in the direction of motion of the vehicle. Such an arrangement for the seat bottom allows adjustment of the support provided by the seat to be lateral as well as vertical to the preference of the user. Moreover, if the said symmetrical elements are designed to be curved to accommodate the pelvis of the user, there can be substantial lateral support for the pelvis of the user, in many of the preferred angular orientations of the seat elements, in the event of a lateral impact.
Some embodiments of the seats may have sides that could include arm rests, side bolsters and other elements as disclosed in this invention, that that drop down or back on the door or access side at the time of egress and ingress, particularly in embodiments that use conventional doors for access. Activation for these movements can be with the switching on and off of the ignition switch for the vehicle.
Yet another embodiment raises he seat bottom at the time of egress and ingress with servos or pneumatic/hydraulic systems, so that the seat members on the sides of the sat are relatively lower to the seat bottom thereby facilitating egress and ingress of the passenger. Moreover, arrangements to raise the seat bottom may in addition in some embodiments help negotiate a high “door” sill by the sliding or rotating seats at egress and ingress.
Yet another embodiment using conventional doors, has the arm rests on the door side integrated in to the doors but protected and decoupled from the door members on its outside by inside air bags. This design would have these arm rests locking into the seat when the door is closed thereby providing the decoupling for the entire seat with the inside airbag during lateral impact.
Another alternative embodiment uses shock absorbing devices mounted at each end on each of the two surfaces of the impact decoupler/secondary slide substituting or supplementing the inside airbags.
Another alternative embodiment may have an auxiliary slide behind the seat and of any convenient height. This embodiment is shown in
Yet another alternative embodiment has an external seat profile as illustrated in
Yet another alternative embodiment has a vertical extension/“safety cage” (125) as shown in
Yet another embodiment, deters a roll over following side impact, by implementing an “outrigger” arrangement having reinforced upper primary slides and/or secondary slides and bracing brackets anchored to the fixed members of the vehicle that hold these slides in their extended substantially horizontal position after extension under impact, without permitting them to buckle under a vertical forces encountered under the initial stage of a roll over situation.
The preferred embodiment has the external airbags or shock absorbers triggered on detection of an expected impact as noted. This implies that on the far side (non-impact side) if there is possible secondary impact from a second object, the same mechanisms will deploy the external airbags on the second side, thereby protecting the far side occupant in the event of a second object hitting the vehicle soon after the first. An alternative embodiment can have distance/velocity sensors mounted in positions on the front and back edge of the perforation shields or protector shields to facilitate better detection of objects approaching the vehicle at wide angles to the perpendicular direction. Yet another alternative embodiment to this will have both impact side and far side external airbags deploy on detection of the first impact.
Another alternative embodiment has a safety harness/shield as illustrated in FIG. 12H2. This embodiment of the safety harness is mounted on spring loaded hinged supports at the head support section of the multi element adjustable seat (137)—similar to conventional supports for the headrest, and to lockable supports between the arm rests (138) or on the side bolsters of the multi element adjustable seat. The spring loading will support the weight of the harness and thereby retract the harness when unlocked. The harness includes a hinged and spring mounted shield (130) that may pivot on the lower safety harness support (138), The passenger side of the shield, has on its surface an implementation of a Passive Air Cushion System that uses the pressure in one or more sacrificial chambers which under pressure transfer air to one or more micro-air cushions that protect high priority anatomical regions. In this embodiment, the passive anatomical micro air cushion (131), derives it inflation source from the sacrificial chamber (139) at the lower end of the shield of the safety harness, that is compressed by a much greater body mass under impact. In a frontal collision the force of the more massive parts of the body on the sacrificial chamber will deploy the passive anatomical micro-air cushions to protect the face and the neck. The narrower sections of the aircushions and flow control mechanisms if installed, will cause some visco-elastic behavior and in addition cause air speed amplification to create faster deployment. While this mechanism activates the shield (130) may pivot down to take some of the impact energy. The shield is shaped to the contour of the human body head and neck when it is forced forward as in a frontal collision. This embodiment may in addition have multiple or variable position harness support anchor points on the arm rests or the side bolsters that are part of the multi-element seat, to accommodate people of different proportions. Moreover this embodiment may have in addition an additional bracket that moves the anchor point of the lower safety harness locking supports substantially forward, and provides a supplementary passive anatomical micro-air-cushion that can be mounted on the permanent micro-air-cushion on the shield, to accommodate pregnant women, and the special critical force distribution they can withstand.
In this embodiment, the two pivoted arms swing forward under collision forces the moment created by the shield with the body pressure against it, and extends the upper extending arms (133) to absorb some of the shock and to provide a space for the forward movement of the upper body. The elbows (132) facilitate the relative angular movement of the upper arms and lower arms of the safety harness (133,134). They are spring loaded to ensure that they support the lower parts of the harness when unlocked to allow the entire harness to move up and away from the body when unlocked without any force being applied. Under side impact the passive anatomical head and neck micro-air-cushions deploy to protect the head and neck under relative lateral acceleration. Notably the passive anatomical head and neck micro-air-cushions can be actively deployed or as in this embodiment passively deployed by a discharge of air from sacrificial chambers between the seats or on the outer surface of the seats and mounted on each of the seats, so that lateral pressure will inflate the anatomical head and neck micro-air-cushions. The sacrificial chambers offer secondary impact protection by cushioning the seat. Notably this embodiment does not use any active airbags in the vicinity of the human body, reducing the risks associated with the high energy external deployment devices. The adjustable head rest (136) follows conventional design but is here mounted on the safety harness hinged mounts.
This embodiment of the harness allows movement within the vehicle for passengers when it is unlocked and allowed to swing up within the vehicle as shown in
To enter the passenger simply sit down and place his/her feet on the foot rest (141) and retract the slider mechanism. This embodiment also has radar or infrared detectors as on elevator doors to detect limbs in the way of the retracting sliding mechanism for the protection of the passengers.
Another embodiment of the shield on the safety harness has a folding section at the top that can be straightened and locked in place for adults and folded down for children.
Another embodiment uses flexible netting on part of the shield surface to protect passengers under impact. In this embodiment, the shield. has a frame on which the netting is deployed. The upper end of the frame is adequately bent forward and then downwards to ensure that the passenger head and neck do not strike the frame under frontal collision. In yet another embodiment of this arrangement, the shield of flexible netting is designed for the head and neck and is normally retracted forward, and deployed on impact by initial forces by the lower torso of the passenger against the lower part of the safety harness/shield.
Yet another variation of this safety harness with netting on a frame, has telescoping frame members on the sides so that the height of the frame is adjustable by retraction of the telescoping members to accommodate children and small adults.
Yet another embodiment of the harness has an upper section of the safety harness consisting of spring mounted support arms mounted in the vicinity of the head rest and designed—when pulled down by the passenger—to swing down and over the passenger head and in front of the passenger. The support arms each having telescoping sections that connect to the shield, such telescoping sections having arrangements for an inertial ratcheting that prevent extension of these telescoping arms in the event of a sudden tension as in an impact. The lower section of the harness consists of short adjustable belts or arms that can be locked on the sides of the seat or on the inside of the arm rests as in a four point seat belt. This embodiment provides all the benefits of a four point seat belt but in addition has the benefit of head and neck support in the event of a collision. This arrangement allows protection with the telescoping sections and the adjustments on the lower end of the harness for different sized passengers.
Yet another embodiment utilizes the passive anatomical micro air cushion (131) at the top of the shield/harness that derives its inflation source from the sacrificial chamber (139) at the lower end of the safety shield/harness. However, in this embodiment the anatomical micro air cushion is limited to only the top edge of the shield to support the head, neck and the upper thorax when deployed under collision conditions. This anatomical micro air cushion (131) is supported by pairs of telescoping tubes the lower member of each such tubes being fixed to the harness/shield support in the vicinity of the sacrificial chamber, and the upper member of each pair of telescoping tubes are attached to the passive anatomical micro air cushion (131). The outer tubes have contoured semi-rigid materials to conform broadly to the body shape. The lower and upper members of each pair telescope into one another co-axially, and are lockable in different longitudinal positions relative to the other member of the pair, thereby providing for a variable height anatomical micro air cushion. Airflow under deployment conditions is conducted either directly through said telescoping tubes or separate tubes that have an “accordion” collapsible structure that can extend as the telescoping tubes do, and may be placed inside said telescoping tubes. The length of the telescoping tubes may be manually set with the locks or in other embodiments set by automated or computer controls that sense the size of the passenger from selected elements of the multi-element contoured seat.
Yet another embodiment has a harness as in FIG. 12H2 except that there is a safety harness support arm only on the outer side of the passenger towards the side of the vehicle. (i.e in some of these embodiments there is one Safety Harness elbow (132), one Safety Harness extending upper arm (133) and one Safety Harness Pivoting lower arm (134). Moreover the safety harness/shield support arm is designed such that upon release from across the lap of the passenger, the shield flips to a vertical plane in the vicinity of the vertical plane of said support arm. Thereby permitting the safety harness to swing over the head of the passenger even when the seat is only partially displaced for entry or exit from the vehicle. Often this may be useful when there is limited access space next to the vehicle.
Yet another embodiment, principally for vehicles with drive by wire technologies, has the vehicle controls mounted on the shield. If a steering wheel is used this may be mounted on the front surface of the shield (on the surface opposite the passenger). The steering wheel or other controls may have distance adjustments for ergonomic positioning.
Yet another embodiment principally for drive by wire technologies, has the driver controls mounted on the contoured arm rests of the car. Adjustments for the arm rests will include further controls for the ergonomic positioning of these controls on the arm rests.
Vehicles, principally those that utilize drive by wire technologies with either of the above configurations, will have the entire area below the windshield free of controls. This embodiment utilizes this area for a GPS driven positioning display that mimics the view ahead of the driver. The display system may use vector imaging techniques or non-linear image mapping techniques that are well disclosed in the background art that provide the same perspective to the driver on the display as what he sees on the road ahead, thereby minimizing mental processing of information in establishing a correspondence between the image and the actual physical position and orientation of the vehicle thereby reducing reaction time for action by the driver. Furthermore, the positioning of the display just below the screen ensures that there is minimal spacial disorientation of the driver in turning his/her head to look at the screen thereby reducing further the mental information processing needs and improving further the reaction time of the driver. In some embodiments when there are controls such as a steering wheel in front of the driver, a fixed or a “pop up” screen just below the windshield or a projection onto the lower windshield may be utilized. The image may include the destination and path to that destination and may be at a different scale to the perspective of the driver ahead of the vehicle. This embodiment and variations provide a unique system that conventional GPS navigation systems do not provide in speeding up driver reaction times.
Another embodiment has air conditioning micro-ducts on the seating surfaces and the safety harness/shields, for the comfort of passengers, particularly in open vehicles.
Another alternative embodiment has the “Open” switch for the slide on the inside of the vehicle designed the “press bar” so that the intuitive reaction of the passenger to “open the door” is harnessed. However, this can be deactivated when the vehicle is in motion.
Another alternative embodiment has a center console that is designed to crush under impact as shown in
Yet another embodiment has a detachable center console that includes part of the center tunnel that houses the transmission shaft for rear wheel drive vehicles with front mounted engines and several cable and hydraulic systems (
Another alternative embodiment has the internal airbag partially filled at all times, so that in the event of no deployment of the external airbags either because of technology failure or non installation or other reason, the passenger and seat arrangement are cushioned even prior to further inflation of the internal airbag on deployment on impact. Shock absorbers may supplement the operation of the internal airbags in this embodiment with partially inflated internal airbags under normal operating conditions.
Another alternative embodiment can have the internal airbags deployed on impact as noted with such deployment effected by inflation by some of the compressed air of the external airbags on impact, thereby providing “acceleration de-amplification” for the movement of the passengers on impact.
Yet another embodiment has proactive sensors deploying the internal airbags directly, without the installation of external airbags.
Yet another embodiment of the invention has a retracting canopy stored in the roof of the vehicle, and attachable to the protector shield or attached components such as the side window, when desired. When attached, the canopy will deploy over the seats when in the extended or loading positions, thereby protecting the seat and the passenger from rain or other snow while entering or leaving the vehicle.
Yet another embodiment has external airbags constructed using the Passive Air-Cushion System with micro chambers that are connected to each other by restricted paths that provide visco elastic energy absorbtion in the event of some sections of the airbag being impacted while others are not, thereby forcing air from the compressed micro chambers to the other micro chambers, each of the micro chambers functioning as either a sacrificial chamber or a Micro Air Cushion on impact. This embodiment may of course have external airbags proactively deployed in the manner described herein, prior to impact and their performance as Micro Air Cushion systems. Yet another variation may include one-way valves between the chamber directly connected to the inflation source and each of the micro-chambers (implementable for example with flaps against an aperture) so that inflation may be achieved rapidly, and then the Passive Air-cushion benefits realized on impact.
Yet another embodiment uses the Passive Air-cushion system to protect passengers from “Whip Lash” injury, by providing Micro Air-cushions in the vicinity of the head and neck, and providing sacrificial chambers that are compressed in the event of a rear end collision. In some embodiments the sacrificial chamber can be mounted below the seat with one face mounted to the vehicle structure and the other face mounted to the seat of the passenger, the seat being mounted to the support structure to allow controlled limited rearward movement relative to its mountings to allow compression of the sacrificial chamber by the inertial mass of the passenger and seat on impact.
Yet another embodiment utilizes multiple adjoining but separate Passive Air-cushion systems where one such system connects the external airbags (sacrificial chambers) with internal airbags (micro Air-cushions), and another such system connects different and distinct internal airbags (sacrificial chambers) to micro Air-cushions in the vicinity of the passenger's body, thereby creating a cascading system of Passive Air—cushion systems. These embodiments may of course have external airbags proactively deployed in the manner described herein, prior to impact and their performance as Micro Air Cushion systems.
Yet another embodiment utilizes the independence of the venting of micro aircushions and the venting of the sacrificial chamber, to maintain the inflation of the air cushions well after the time frame for impact absorption by the sacrificial chamber such that the passenger is held in a safe position for a predetermined time. Some such embodiments may hold the passenger for a period of up to say 3 seconds to protect the passenger in the event of a roll over of the vehicle. Among these embodiments, some may have rollover detection devices that sense the orientation of the vehicle that slows the venting of the micro air cushions in the event of the commencement of a rollover of the vehicle.
Yet another embodiment comprises actively inflated airbags of minimal volume each connected to a plurality of anatomical micro aircushions, mounted on the multi element adjustable seat, that deploy on either side of the head and neck, either side and ahead of the torso and thorax below the arms and either side of and above the upper legs, said airbags inflatable in the event of a detection of a side impact thereby holding the passenger in the multi element adjustable seat for translation with the motion of the multi element adjustable seat propelled by the internal airbag or the internal shock absorbing devices.
Yet another embodiment utilizes an auxiliary brake attached to the secondary slides in addition to the friction limited sliding arrangements of the secondary slide, to provide a further control on the rate of movement of the secondary slide under side or lateral impact.
Yet another embodiment utilizes a foot safety switch attached to the foot rest, that activates the sliding mechanism to move the sliding seats into and out of the vehicle. The foot rest in some such embodiments may be bar that is depressed to move the slide into and out of the vehicle. These foot rests being designed to avoid ankle injuries in the event of rear collisions sustained by the vehicle.
Yet another embodiment uses supplementary porous filling materials within prefilled internal airbags designed with suitable vents to change the compression characteristics of the inside airbags under impact.
Yet another embodiment utilizes pressure memory capable materials on the surface of the seats or passenger supports so that surround seats contour to the exact shape of the body for further comfort of passengers and also better support under collision conditions.
Yet another embodiment for proactive impact detection uses one or more of radar detection and motion detection as in machine vision using visible or infrared or ultraviolet spectral components. The use of both these approaches for detection may use algorithms that estimate the speed of approach of the impacting object and the distance, and thereby have independent measures of the required inflation of external or internal airbags. In conjunction with each other in some embodiments, the failure probability of the system is reduced by using the worst case scenario of impact—with regard to velocity and time of impact—detected by these two systems. The two measurements may also be used in stochastic estimators to provide a better quality estimate of the distance and velocity parameters of the impacting object, when the two independent measurements are sufficiently similar to exclude the possibility of failure of either system to within a predefined error threshold. Moreover, those embodiments that use more than one camera in the machine vision system for motion detection can make 3-dimensional estimates of the impacting body and thereby from a database of known object shapes and sizes, predict the type of object and thereby its mass for better estimation of the best response with the deployment pattern and inflation levels of the external and internal air bags. Still other embodiments with a single camera in the machine vision system may utilize the divergence of the profile of the impacting vehicle as it approaches to predict relationships between the impact velocity and distance by assuming a constant velocity of the approaching object and using the non linearity of the projection of the object on the projection plane of the machine vision system. Moreover, some embodiments can use the shape of the impacting object from object recognition algorithms in the machine vision system with predefined data of known object types, to predict the type and mass density of the object and accordingly deploy the airbags appropriately. Some of these embodiments can work with distance and speed measurement in a radar based system and thereby together predict the size and mass and shape of the impacting body. Airbag deployment characteristics can thereby be optimally designed for impact with for example pedestrians, trucks or cardboard boxes at varying speeds appropriately.
Furthermore, in embodiments with one machine vision camera and one radar detector in the system, in the event of failure of the radar detector, the machine vision system alone can determine the type of impacting object (and its worst case size) and the velocity of approach for a given size of the object from the divergence of the profile of the object, and assuming a worst case size scenario, deploy the airbags appropriately, and in the event of the failure of the machine vision system the radar detector can detect velocity and distance and deploy the airbags assuming the worst type of object.
Yet another embodiment will use secondary slides whose sliding surfaces are slightly inclined upwards towards the center of the vehicle, to allow the secondary slides to negotiate a center tunnel with reduced need for any arrangements to shear a section of the tunnel. The connection surfaces of the secondary slides to the fixed elements of the vehicle at the time of impact and the vehicle seat may be arranged to support the seat in the required substantially upright position.
Yet another embodiment, has wheel chairs as passenger support mechanisms for the disabled, with collapsible wheels such that the chairs may be backed into clamps that attach on the lower side of the chair supports. In some such embodiments these clamps along with the lower cushion of the car seat 148—(which is specially made to accommodate the chair support cross members), are extended forward on tertiary slides or extension arms with hydraulic automation, such that the movement forward and if necessary down, supports the wheel chair by locking the chair clamps 149 to the chair cross supports 150, and then providing adequate support for the passenger and the wheel chair. The Teritiary Slides or extension arm are supported by the impact decoupler/Secondary Slides which are in turn attached to the Upper Primary Slides in the extended or loading position.
Thereafter the space below the wheel chair is clear and the tertiary slide or arm mechanism can move the wheel chair back and lock it with and against the Seatback 156 which is specially shaped to accommodate the cross support members of the wheel chair. Some such embodiments may have the option to release the rigid back support mounting of the wheel chair 158, and thereby benefit from the reclining options of the vehicle seat back. In the process of moving back to the seat back 156, the spring loaded locking sleeves 155, that support the Secondary pivot for rear wheel retraction 144 are pushed forward relative to the wheel chair body thereby releasing the Secondary Pivot for rear wheel retraction 154 to allow the wheels to swing in and lock behind the seat back 156. This is illustrated in
Yet another embodiment has anatomical micro-aircushions on the left and right edges of the support surface of the safety shield connected to selected sacrificial chambers along the bottom edge of said support surface. This will provide additional support for the passenger in a side impact, by assisting in preventing body movement outside the contoured seat under collision conditions.
Yet another embodiment has anatomical micro-aircushions on the outer edges of each of the contoured seats, particularly to cover a part of the front of the shoulders the legs and torso in the event of a side collision. These anatomical air-cushions use sacrificial chambers on the sides of the seats.
Yet another embodiment minimizes ejection hazards by controlling further the lateral movement of the seats under side impact. In these embodiments, the Upper primary slide is connected to the locking mechanisms that hold it to the vehicle under operating conditions through shock absorbers or spring mechanisms that allow controlled movement of the upper primary slides out of the vehicle when the vehicle sustains a side impact from the far side. In such embodiments the locks do not disengage when there is a side impact, as the shock absorbing devices provide the required controlled lateral movement of the far side upper primary slide under impact.
Yet another embodiment has a flexible stretchable (or folded) material that is bound to the protector shield and the “doors” of the vehicle on one of its edges where it makes contact normally with the vehicle body, the other edge of the flexible and stretchable material is bound to a frame that locks to the vehicle body under operating conditions. Under normal egress and ingress the frame along with the “doors” with the flexible, stretchable material operates as one unit the frame being held together with the “door” with door impact decouplers that fracture or disengage under impact, thereby allowing the “door” and the upper primary slide on the far side to extend out of the vehicle while the frame remains locked to the vehicle, and stretching the flexible, stretchable material so that passenger body extremities are not ejected from the vehicle but are retained by the flexible stretchable material within the vehicle.
Yet another embodiment has preinflated inside airbags that are deflated when seats move outwards (on the far side) under impact, thereby creating more space within the vehicle, minimizing the need for ejection on the far side under impact.
In yet another set of embodiments the passenger support mechanism comprises a child or infant support mechanism (CISM). For frontal collision protection these embodiments may have the following arrangements. One such embodiment has the CISM 224 comprising two support pins 225 that are located above the center of mass of the occupant and the support mechanism structure and engages a rotary damped spring with shock absorbing device (not shown) when inserted into the supports 215, and locked therein. The damped spring mechanism prevents rotary motion of the pins in the supports except under front collision conditions when the torque generated by the inertial mass of the occupant and the support mechanism structure with a center of mass lower than the pivot, swing the CISM down and forward thereby bringing the occupant closer to a fetal position with the reactive force for deceleration applied to the occupant significantly from the lower support structure of the CISM. The final position of course is designed not to bring the occupant to a position that would cause excessive spinal compression. The head and neck on the other hand, will engage and be protected by a safety harness as disclosed in this invention (not shown and the body will face substantially away from the impact. Furthermore in a front impact, the embodiment in
This set of embodiments of CISM supports and indeed any embodiments of Passenger support mechanism may have for side impact protection, one or more of a nested set of the sliding arrangements disclosed in this invention. i.e. The embodiments can have safety beam lower and upper elements-1 attached to the impact decoupler/secondary slide-1 as disclosed herein (sliding arrangement 1), and a safety beam lower and upper elements-2 attached to the impact decoupler secondary slide-1 with its own impact decoupler secondary slide-2 (sliding arrangement 2) which is attached to the passenger support mechanism that may be an CISM or other passenger support mechanism. The embodiments in
Greater detail of the lateral impact protection arrangements of this set of embodiments for the CISM are described below:
The first embodiments in
Yet another embodiment as shown in
Yet another embodiment as shown in
In the event of a lateral impact the inertial mass of the CISM with occupant will exert a force through its center of mass that is within the substantially semicircular CISM support bracket, and will therefore compress the Shock absorbers 238 attached to the Secondary slide. However, as the pivoting arm with a second shock absorber 239 is attached to the edge of the CISM support bracket this too will undergo extension or contraction depending on the side on which the impact was received. The reactive force from the latter shock absorber will however rotate the CISM to face away from the impact.
Notably there are several possible embodiments of this CISM support mechanism in this invention. Elements of these may be used in different combinations and not all elements may be present in any one embodiment. For example any of the front impact arrangements as noted above may be used with any of the lateral impact arrangement noted above. Yet another example of a reduced content embodiment does not have the lateral rotator for side impact to rotate the occupant but simply slides the CISM and the occupant laterally as disclosed above. Moreover, There are a number of variations of the CISM support in this invention. For example the safety beam lower element may be mounted on the bottom seat support flange 221, back seat support flange or on both. There may be multiple safety beam lower elements each with their own safety beam upper elements and other disclosed elements attached thereon, working in parallel to provide greater support. For example,
Each of these variations in the embodiment have advantages and disadvantages that performance, geometry and cost will influence. Some of these embodiments may be removable from the vehicle and attached to the seat with 3 point seat belts for example with the shoulder strap attachment points 223 on the Back seat support flange 222. Others may be designed into the vehicle as in for example a part of the center arm rest in the rear seat of a vehicle. The attachment of these embodiments of he invention may also be with methods available in the background art such as “Isofix” fasteners or other lathe arrangements such as with the top lock flanges 241, the side lock flanges 242 and front lock flanges 243.
The side impact performance will in particular will be aided with the side lock flanges 242 being locked into support points attached to the fixed members of the vehicle between the seat cushions on the back or front seats of the vehicle.
The The side support flanges 244, will aid in bracing the structure and helping transfer the load from the shock absorbing members to the structure and the lock flanges or 3 point seat belt as available in the vehicle. The embodiments illustrated in
Some embodiments of the invention may have the safety beam upper and lower elements along with the secondary slides, shock absorbers and attached hardware, removable and attachable at the front end of the support structure thereby allowing the installation of a rearward facing child seat (FIG. 10E17). Such a seat may not require a front impact protection mechanism and therefore many such embodiments may have the CISM support bracket directly connected to the CISM. However, further refinements of the invention may have the CISM in two sections—the first to support the head, neck, thorax, lumbar regions and the pelvis of the child and the second to support the lower limbs of the child. The CISM support bracket may be connected to the first of these and the second which supports a smaller load may be pivotally mounted to the upper section of the CISM, thereby allowing a reclining position for the child. For older children—upto about 40 lbs, leg room in the rearward facing position becomes important. Embodiments that have a removable car seat cushion with the mountings and locks as discussed below this level will facilitate this.
As much of the complexity of the invention is external to the CISM, the CISM may be constructed to be very light and made inexpensively, thereby allowing a change in CISM and its support members that attach to the CISM support bracket, to suit the child as it grows older.
Finally the CISM support embodiments disclosed here include alternative support structures outside the automobile that can receive the same support pivots or lock points. Thereby making the loading and unloading of children easier. These external support structures include all types of strollers and bicycle trailers that have the support members that lock to the pivots or lock points. Some such alternative structures may replicate the impact protection of the CISM support in the vehicle for use in bicycle trailers and strollers.
Many aspects of the embodiments of the invention for the Child support Mechanism as the passenger support mechanism may be used for adult passengers as well—The Passenger Shell. The cylindrical safety beam lower elements as in the Child support embodiment may be modified to attach either directly or pivotally to the vehicle central body member (pivotal mounting can contribute to shock absorption of the seat) or mounted on a member that can raise/lower and tilt the seats by suitable slidable and pivotal attachment to the fixed central member using well known approaches in the background art. The remaining aspects of the embodiment for the child support case may be replicated after suitable scaling. In addition, with gull wing doors or other doors that provide clearance of the Passenger support mechanisms as well as doors attached to the secondary slides as disclosed herein, the Passenger support mechanisms can slide right out of the vehicle as disclosed elsewhere in this invention. The Front collision protection arrangement for the Child support case will be most relevant for the adult passenger support mechanism case when the steering wheel and other hardware are not in the way of a movement forward of the Passenger Support Mechanism. This may be the case in drive-by-wire vehicles where the steering and other controls are mounted on a safety shield as disclosed herein.
Thus it will become apparent that the present invention presented, provides a new paradigm for implementing key safety features and providing utility in accessing passenger vehicles and comfort in travelling in such vehicles. While the above description provides many specificities, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present invention, but rather as an exemplification of the preferred, an additional and an alternative embodiment thereof. Many other variations are possible.
The present invention provides an arrangement that diverts the impact energy in impacts away from the passengers to the remaining mass of the vehicle thereby protecting the passengers but decelerating the impacting object with the remaining mass of the vehicle. Moreover the arrangement synergistically provides a means for utilitarian easy access to the vehicle for passengers and drivers alike and allows the installation of multi-element surround contoured seats for the comfort and protection of passengers. Furthermore, the arrangement allows the installation of a new and unique safety harness that may obviate the need for safety belts and front impact airbags for protection in head-on collisions. This arrangement differs sharply from the Background art in that it does not simply offer to the impacting body a reinforced rigid shell where the passenger is treated as part of this integral unit, but rather provides selective and differential treatment of the mass of the passengers and driver of the vehicle vis-à-vis the remaining mass of the vehicle. Furthermore the present invention differs sharply from the Background art in that the resulting structure synergistically permits the installation of contoured multi-element surround seats that would not be implementable without the slide arrangements on either side of the vehicle in the present invention.
The present invention provides a gravity slide drive for my arrangement for which there is no counterpart in the Background art. This allows further Utility and weight and energy saving in implementing the above elements of the present invention.
The present invention includes External side Airbags that differ sharply from the Background art in that for the first time they proactively create a “Just in Time” deceleration zone for the lateral or side impact with internal and/or external side airbags while not remaining in an extended position under normal operating conditions of the vehicle.
The present invention describes an indo-skeletal structure of the vehicle body that permits the energy transfer from the lateral or side impact through compressive members to the body of the vehicle. Unlike the Background art this indo-skeletal structure is designed to transfer energy to the body of the vehicle without transferring it to the passengers and driver of the vehicle. The passengers are targeted for protection with “Safety zones”.
This application claims priority from applications entitled “Easy Ejector with skeletal crash safety beam” U.S. Ser. No. 08/936,626 filed Sep. 24, 1997, U.S. Ser. Nos. 09/404,475, U.S. Ser. No. 09/435,830, U.S. Ser. No. 60/195,298, U.S. Ser. No. 60/226,570, EPO S/N 98948260.9-2306, EPO S/N 00203896.6. and U.S. Ser. No. 09/779,591, U.S. Ser. No. 09/779,592, U.S. Ser. No. 09/779,593, U.S. Ser. No. 09/779,594; U.S. 60/280,470; U.S. 60/282,105; U.S. 60/286,629; U.S. 60/332,419; U.S. 60/338,466; U.S. 60/367,644; U.S. applications filed Mar. 8, 2002 and Feb. 4, 2002.
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| 2758872 | Gerhard et al. | Aug 1956 | A |
| 2777531 | Erickson | Jan 1957 | A |
| 3071407 | Sloan | Jan 1963 | A |
| 3112955 | Stolz | Dec 1963 | A |
| 3531153 | Mohs | Sep 1970 | A |
| 3944277 | Cyphert | Mar 1976 | A |
| 5328234 | Daniel et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20040108752 A1 | Jun 2004 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 09779594 | Feb 2001 | US |
| Child | 10109674 | US | |
| Parent | 09779593 | Feb 2001 | US |
| Child | 09779594 | US | |
| Parent | 09779592 | Feb 2001 | US |
| Child | 09779593 | US | |
| Parent | 09779591 | Feb 2001 | US |
| Child | 09779592 | US | |
| Parent | 09435830 | Nov 1999 | US |
| Child | 09779591 | US | |
| Parent | 09404475 | Sep 1999 | US |
| Child | 09435830 | US |
