Patent Application
20120125597
This disclosure relates generally to equipment utilized and operations performed in conjunction with a subterranean well and, in an example described below, more particularly provides an eccentric safety valve.
It is frequently desirable to install lines (e.g., optical, electrical, fluid, etc., lines) alongside well tools in wellbores. Unfortunately, wellbores are very confined spaces, and so it has been common practice to reduce the outer diameter of a well tool, in order to accommodate the presence of one or more lines positioned next to the well tool. However, by reducing the diameter of the well tool, the functionality of the well tool (e.g., flow area through the well tool, actuator effectiveness, etc.) is usually adversely affected.
Therefore, it will be appreciated that improvements are needed in the art. Such improvements would preferably allow for the presence of one or more lines alongside a well tool, without significantly affecting the functionality of the well tool.
In the disclosure below, a well tool is provided which brings improvements to the art of accommodating lines in wellbores. One example is described below in which a safety valve has longitudinal grooves formed in its outer surface. Another example is described below in which an outer diameter of a well tool is eccentric relative to an inner diameter of the well tool.
In one aspect, a safety valve for use in a subterranean well can include a housing assembly having a flow passage extending longitudinally through the housing assembly. An outer diameter of the housing assembly is eccentric relative to the flow passage.
In another aspect, a well tool can include a magnetic coupling between magnet devices. One magnet device includes a series of magnets which are unequally spaced circumferentially about the other magnet device.
In yet another aspect, a safety valve can include a longitudinally extending flow passage, a closure device which selectively permits and prevents flow through the flow passage and an outer diameter which is eccentric relative to the flow passage.
These and other features, advantages and benefits will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon careful consideration of the detailed description of representative examples below and the accompanying drawings, in which similar elements are indicated in the various figures using the same reference numbers.
Representatively illustrated in
One or more lines 16 extends longitudinally along the tubular string 12. The lines 16 could be electrical, optical, fluid (such as, hydraulic or pneumatic), communication, data, power, control, or any other types of lines.
The lines 16 can be positioned external to the tubular string 12, in an annulus 18 formed radially between the tubular string and the wellbore 14. The lines 16 are also external to well tools 20, 22 interconnected in the tubular string 12. The well tools 20, 22 are depicted as a safety valve and a production valve, respectively, but it should be clearly understood that the principles of this disclosure can be utilized with any type of well tool.
The well tool 20 includes a closure device 24 which selectively permits and prevents flow through a flow passage 26 extending longitudinally through the well tool. Note that the well tool 20 is eccentric relative to most of the tubular string 12 (e.g., an outer diameter D of the well tool is laterally offset relative to a longitudinal axis 30 of the flow passage 26 in the well tool and the remainder of the tubular string 12).
Although the annulus 18 as depicted in
Referring additionally now to
For this purpose, the safety valve 32 includes the closure device 24 which can close off flow through the passage 26. A flapper 34 of the closure device 24 seals against a seat 36 to prevent flow through the passage 26.
In other examples, a ball could rotate to selectively permit and prevent flow through the passage 26, etc. Thus, it should be clearly understood that it is not necessary for a safety valve incorporating the principles of this disclosure to have all of the details of the safety valve 32 depicted in
The flapper 34 is displaced from its closed position (shown in
The operating member 38 is displaced downward by a magnetic force exerted upon a magnet device 40 attached to the operating member. The magnet device 40 comprises a longitudinal stack of multiple annular magnets 42. The magnets 42 are concentric relative to the flow passage 26.
Another magnet device 44 is located in a housing assembly 46 which pressure isolates the flow passage 26 from the annulus 18. Although only one is visible in
In one unique aspect of the safety valve 32, the magnets 48 are not uniformly distributed about the magnets 42. Instead, the circumferential spacings between the magnets 48 can vary, to thereby allow room for other components, as described more fully below.
There is a magnetic coupling 52 between the magnet devices 40, 44 which forces the magnet devices to displace longitudinally with each other. Thus, to cause downward displacement of the operating member 38, the magnet device 44 is displaced downward to thereby cause downward displacement of the magnet device 40 via the magnetic coupling 52.
The magnet device 44 is displaced downward by downward displacement of a ring 54 to which the magnets 48 are attached. The ring 54 is displaced downward by at least one motor 56, two of which are preferably included for redundancy. In this example, the motors 56 are electric stepper motors, but other types of motors, and other types of actuators, may be used in keeping with the principles of this disclosure.
A shroud 58 protects the motors 56 and other electrical components from exposure to fluids and pressures in the annulus 18. The shroud 58 is preferably welded to the remainder of the housing assembly 46, with weld joints which are not subjected to high stresses caused by compression and elongation of the tubular string 12.
A displacement sensor 60 (such as a potentiometer, etc.) may be used to sense displacement of the ring 54 and, thus, of the operating member 38. A position sensor 62 (such as a limit switch, proximity sensor, etc.) may be used to sense when the ring 54 has displaced to a particular position (such as, to a position in which the operating member 38 has pivoted the flapper 34 out of sealing contact with the seat 36, etc.). A force sensor 68 (such as a piezoelectric sensor, etc.) may be used to measure how much force is applied to the ring 54 by the motor 56.
Power, data, and command and control signals can be connected to the safety valve 32 via lines 64 extending through the housing assembly 46. The lines 64 preferably connect to a control system 66 which controls operation of the motor 56. The sensors 60, 62, 68 are also connected to the control system 66, as described more fully below.
Referring additionally now to
Most of the magnets 48 are spaced apart from adjacent magnets by a spacing s which is less than a spacing S1 between two pairs of the magnets, and which is much less than another spacing S2 between another pair of the magnets. The increased spacing S1 is provided to accommodate biasing devices 70 (such as compression springs, etc.) between the magnets 48, and the increased spacing S2 is provided to accommodate the lines 64 between the magnets.
The biasing devices 70 apply an increasing biasing force to the ring 54 as it displaces downward. Thus, the motor 56 must overcome the biasing force exerted by the biasing devices 70 in order to displace the ring 54 downward. The biasing force is used to displace the ring 54 upward and thereby close the flapper 34, in order to prevent flow through the passage 26.
Note that a sidewall 72 of the housing assembly 46 is thicker on one side (wall section 74) as compared to an opposite side. This is due to the fact that an outer diameter D of the housing assembly 46 is eccentric relative to the flow passage 26.
The thickened wall section 74 provides space for accommodating the biasing devices 70 and lines 16, 64. The lines 16 are positioned in grooves or recesses 76 which extend longitudinally along the exterior of the housing assembly 46.
Referring additionally now to
Because the magnets 48 are not evenly circumferentially distributed about the magnets 42, the magnetic coupling 52 between the magnet devices 40, 44 will be stronger on one side of the safety valve 32, as compared to on an opposite side of the safety valve. For this reason, the magnet device 44 will be pulled more to the strong side of the magnetic coupling 52, and so friction reducing devices (such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,644,767) may be used in the safety valve 32 to reduce any friction due to this force imbalance.
Referring additionally now to
The motor 56 can be uniquely controlled in a manner which can prevent excessive force being applied across the magnetic coupling 52, for example, when the flapper 34 is being opened against a pressure differential in the passage 26. If excessive force is applied across the magnetic coupling 52 when displacing the magnet device 40 to displace the operating member 38, the magnets 42, 48 can “slip” relative to one another, allowing relative displacement between the magnet devices 40, 44. This situation should preferably be avoided.
In one example, excessive force is prevented by limiting a rate at which electrical pulses are transmitted from the control system 66 to the motor 56. If the force generated by the motor 56 is insufficient to displace the ring 54 and the magnet device 44 at such a limited pulse rate, the motor can “dither” in place until the reason for the need for increased force is removed (e.g., until the pressure differential in the flow passage 26 is relieved).
In another example, the control system 66 can include a control algorithm which prevents decoupling between the magnet devices 40, 44 by intelligently limiting the electrical pulse rate supplied to the motor 56 based on stall determination (as sensed by sensors 60, 62 and/or 68), counting a number of steps of the motor, providing for a certain timing between attempts to displace the ring 54, resetting a step count when the motor displaces the ring to a certain position, permitting an increased pulse rate when less force is needed (such as, when the sensors 60, 62, 68 indicate that the operating member has opened the flapper), etc.
It may now be fully appreciated that the well system 10 and safety valve 32 described above provide several advancements to the art of accommodating lines 16 in the wellbore 14. The longitudinal recesses 76 accommodate the lines 16 in the thickened wall section 74, which is due to the outer diameter D of the housing assembly 46 being eccentric relative to the flow passage 26.
In particular, the above disclosure provides to the art a safety valve 32 for use in a subterranean well. The safety valve 32 can include a housing assembly 46 having a flow passage 26 extending longitudinally through the housing assembly 46. An outer diameter D of the housing assembly 46 is eccentric relative to the flow passage 26.
The housing assembly 46 may isolate the flow passage 26 from pressure on an exterior of the safety valve 32.
The housing assembly 46 may have at least one longitudinal recess 76 in an outer surface of the housing assembly 46.
The safety valve 32 can also include at least one line 16 extending along the recess 76. The line 16 may be selected from a group comprising at least one of an electrical line, a fluid line and an optical line.
The housing assembly 46 may have a thickened wall section 74 due to the outer diameter D being eccentric relative to the flow passage 26. At least one electrical motor 56, biasing device 70, magnet 48 and/or position sensor 62 may be positioned in the thickened wall section 74.
The electrical motor 56 can displace a magnet 48 against a biasing force exerted by a biasing device 70, with each of the electrical motor 56, magnet 48 and biasing device 70 being positioned in the thickened wall section 74.
Also described by the above disclosure is a well tool 20 which can include a magnetic coupling 52 between first and second magnet devices 40, 44. The second magnet device 44 can include a series of magnets 48 which are unequally spaced circumferentially about the first magnet device 40.
A circumferential spacing s between the magnets 48 may be less than another circumferential spacing S1 between the magnets 48. At least one biasing device 70 can be positioned in the second circumferential spacing S1 between the magnets 48.
A circumferential spacing s between the magnets 48 may be less than another circumferential spacing S2 between the magnets 48. At least one line 64 can be positioned in the second circumferential spacing S2 between the magnets 48.
The well tool 20 can also include a housing assembly 46 having a flow passage 26 extending longitudinally through the housing assembly 46. An outer diameter D of the housing assembly 46 may be eccentric relative to the flow passage 26.
A safety valve 32 described above can include a longitudinally extending flow passage 26, a closure device 24 which selectively permits and prevents flow through the flow passage 26, and an outer diameter D which is eccentric relative to the flow passage 26.
The safety valve 32 may also include at least one longitudinal recess 76 in an outer surface of the safety valve 32. At least one line 16 can extend along the recess 76.
It is to be understood that the various examples described above may be utilized in various orientations, such as inclined, inverted, horizontal, vertical, etc., and in various configurations, without departing from the principles of the present disclosure. The embodiments illustrated in the drawings are depicted and described merely as examples of useful applications of the principles of the disclosure, which are not limited to any specific details of these embodiments.
In the above description of the representative examples of the disclosure, directional terms, such as “above,” “below,” “upper,” “lower,” etc., are used for convenience in referring to the accompanying drawings. In general, “above,” “upper,” “upward” and similar terms refer to a direction toward the earth's surface along a wellbore, and “below,” “lower,” “downward” and similar terms refer to a direction away from the earth's surface along the wellbore.
Of course, a person skilled in the art would, upon a careful consideration of the above description of representative embodiments, readily appreciate that many modifications, additions, substitutions, deletions, and other changes may be made to these specific embodiments, and such changes are within the scope of the principles of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing detailed description is to be clearly understood as being given by way of illustration and example only, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited solely by the appended claims and their equivalents.
