EGFR INHIBITORS

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to compounds and compositions useful for treating disorders related to certain mutant forms of EGFR.

BACKGROUND

EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) is a member of the erbB receptor family, which includes transmembrane protein tyrosine kinase receptors. By binding to its ligand, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGFR can form a homodimer on the cell membrane or form a heterodimer with other receptors in the family, such as erbB2, erbB3, or erbB4. The formation of these dimers can cause the phosphorylation of key tyrosine residues in EGFR cells, thereby activating a number of downstream signaling pathways in cells. These intracellular signaling pathways play an important role in cell proliferation, survival and anti-apoptosis. Disorders of EGFR signal transduction pathways, including increased expression of ligands and receptors, EGFR gene amplification and alterations such as mutations, deletions and the like, can promote malignant transformation of cells and play an important role in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. For example, alterations such as mutations and deletions in the EGFR gene are found in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. The two most frequent EGFR alternations found in NSCLC tumors are short in-frame deletions in exon 19 (del19) and L858R, a single missense mutation in exon 21 (Cancer Discovery 2016 6(6) 601). These two alterations cause ligand-independent EGFR activation and are referred to as primary or activating mutations in EGFR mutant NSCLC (EGFR M+). Clinical experience shows an objective response rate (ORR) of approximately 60-85% in EGFR M+ NSCLC patients treated first line (1 L) with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib and osimertinib (Lancet Oncol. 2010 Vol. 11, 121; Lancet Oncol. 2016 Vol. 17, 577; N. Engl. J. Med. 2017 Nov. 18 Doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1713137; Lancet Oncol. 2011 Vol. 12, 735), thus demonstrating that EGFR mutant NSCLC tumors depend on oncogenic EGFR activity for survival and proliferation and establishing del19 and L858R mutated EGFR as oncogenic drivers of disease and thus, validating drug targets and biomarkers for the treatment of NSCLC.

However, after an average of 10-12 months of treatment with first generation (erlotinib and gefitinib) and second generation (afatinib) EGFR TKIs, resistance to these small molecule inhibitors has been observed in almost all NSCLC patients (Lancet Oncol. 2010 February; 11(2):121-8; Lancet Oncol. 2016 May; 17(5):577-89; Lancet Oncol. 2011 August; 12(8):735-42). The most prominent resistance mechanism to first and second generation EGFR TKIs is due to the secondary mutation in EGFR of T790 M, occurs in 50% to 70% of patients progressing on 1st and 2nd generation EGFR inhibitors. (Blakely, Cancer Discov; 2(10); 872-5, 2012; Kobayashi, Cancer Res., 65:(16), 2005)). This secondary mutation reduces the affinity of the drug with the target, thereby producing drug resistance, and resulting in tumor recurrence or disease progression.

In view of the prevalence of this mutation in drug resistance produced in therapy targeting EGFR of lung cancer, a number of companies have attempted to develop new small molecule EGFR inhibitors for treating these patients with drug-resistant lung cancer by inhibiting the resistant mutant EGFR-T790 M. For example, osimertinib (Tagrisso®), a third generation EGFR TKI, has been developed to treat NSCLC patients if the cancer cells are positive for the primary EGFR mutations del19 or L858R with or without the T790 M mutation in the gene coding for EGFR.

Although the third generation EGFR TKI, osimertinib, has shown efficacy on NSCLC patients, unfortunately, resistance mediated by an exon 20 C797 mutation in EGFR usually develops within approximately 10 months (European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2017 Vol. 142: 32-47) and accounts for the majority of osimertinib resistance cases (Cancer Letters 2016 Vol. 385: 51-54). The EGFR del19/L858R T790 M C797S cis mutant kinase variant typically emerges in second line (2 L) patients following treatment with osimertinib and is often referred to as “triple mutant” EGFR and it can no longer be inhibited by first, second, or third generation EGFR inhibitors.

No approved EGFR TKI can inhibit the triple mutant variant. Therefore, there is a need to develop new EGFR inhibitors, which can inhibit with high selectivity EGFR mutants with the triple mutant, del19/L858R T790 M C797S, while at the same time have no or low activity to wild-type EGFR. In addition to treating a mutant form of EGFR for which there is no current therapy, such selective EGFR inhibitors are likely to be more suitable as therapeutic agents, particularly for the treatment of cancer, due to reduction of toxicologies (diarrhea, skin rash) associated with wild-type EGFR inhibition.

SUMMARY

The applicant has discovered novel compounds which are effective inhibitors of certain mutant forms of EGFR (see Synthetic Examples 1-26). In particular, it has been demonstrated that the compounds of the present disclosure effectively inhibit certain mutant forms of EGFR. Compounds of the disclosure (also referred to herein as the “disclosed compounds”) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof effectively inhibit EGFR with one or more alterations, including L858R and/or exon 19 deletion mutation, T790 M mutation, and/or C797S mutation. Compounds of the disclosure or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof effectively inhibit EGFR with L858R and/or exon 19 deletion mutation, T790 M mutation, and C797S mutation (hereinafter “EGFR with LRTMCS mutations” or “triple mutant EGFR”) (see Biological Example 1) and can be used treat various cancers, for example, lung cancer (see Biological Example 2). Importantly, the disclosed compounds are selective EGFR inhibitors, i.e., the disclosed compounds have no or low activity against wild-type EGFR and the kinome. Advantages associated with such selectivity may include facilitating efficacious dosing and reducing EGFR-mediated on-target toxicities. Some of the disclosed compounds exhibit good penetration of the brain and blood brain barrier (e.g., a PGP efflux ratio of less than 5). As such, the compounds of the disclosure or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are expected to be effective for the treatment of metastatic cancer, including brain metastasis, including leptomeningeal disease and other systemic metastasis. Some of the disclosed compounds also have the advantage of having high microsomal stability. Compounds of the disclosure also may have favorable toxicity profiles related to other non-kinase targets.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound represented by the following structural Formula (I):

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or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

- Z is O or NH;
- A¹, A², and A³are each independently N or CR; wherein each R is independently H, halogen, or CH₃;
- Ring A is C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkenyl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
- each R¹is independently halogen, CN, OH, NR^aR^b, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, or —O—C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl represented by R¹or in the group represented by R¹is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from deuterium, halogen, OH, NR^aR^b, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy; and/or two R¹, when attached to the same carbon atom, form ═O, or together with the carbon atom to which they are both attached form a 3 to 6-membered cycloalkyl or 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl;
- n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
- R²is H, halogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, or C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl represented by R²is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen and OH;
- R³is H or methyl;
- R⁴is H or methyl;
- R⁵is H, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl or 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl represented by R⁵is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, OH, NR^aR^b, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy;
- R⁶is H or C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, OH, NR^aR^b, and C₁-C₂alkoxy; and
- each R^aand R^bis independently H or C₁-C₄alkyl.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and one or more of the compounds disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (a “pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure”).

The present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with cancer, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula (I)) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure. In one embodiment, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer. In another embodiment, the subject cancer has metastasized to the brain. In another embodiment, the subject has brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer.

In one embodiment, the cancer to be treated has epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) L858R mutation and/or exon 19 deletion mutation and T790 M mutation. In another embodiment, the cancer to be treated may further has epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) L858R mutation and/or exon 19 deletion mutation and the T790 M mutation and the C797S mutation. In another embodiment, the cancer to be treated in either of the foregoing embodiments is lung cancer, e.g., non-small cell lung cancer. In a specific embodiment, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis.

The treatment method disclosed herein further comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of afatinib, osimertinib, erlotinib, or gefitinib.

The present disclosure also provides a method of inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula (I)) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure.

The present disclosure also provides the use of an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula (I)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancers.

In another aspect, provided herein a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure for use in treating cancers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Definitions

The term “halo” as used herein means halogen and includes chloro, fluoro, bromo and iodo.

The term “alkyl” used alone or as part of a larger moiety, such as “alkoxy” and the like, means saturated aliphatic straight-chain or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical. Unless otherwise specified, an alkyl group typically has 1-4 carbon atoms, i.e. (C₁-C₄)alkyl. As used herein, a “(C₁-C₄)alkyl” group means a radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in a linear or branched arrangement. Examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, and the like.

The term “alkenyl” means an alkyl group in which one or more carbon/carbon single bond is replaced by a double bond.

The term “alkoxy” means an alkyl radical attached through an oxygen linking atom, represented by —O-alkyl. For example, “(C₁-C₄)alkoxy” includes methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and butoxy.

The term “aryl” refers to a monovalent radical of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring system. Representative aryl groups include fully aromatic ring systems, such as phenyl, naphthyl, and anthracenyl, and ring systems where an aromatic carbon ring is fused to one or more non-aromatic carbon rings, such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.

The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon ring system. Unless otherwise specified, cycloalkyl has from 3-6 carbon atoms. For example, a C₃-C₆cycloalkyl includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Unless otherwise described, a “cycloalkyl” has from three to six carbon atoms.

“Heteroaryl” refers to a monovalent radical of a 5- to 12-membered (or 5- to 10-membered) heteroaromatic ring system. A heteroaryl has ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, independently selected from O, N, and S. Representative heteroaryl groups include ring systems (e.g., monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic) where: (i) each ring comprises a heteroatom and is aromatic, e.g., imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl; (ii) each ring is aromatic or carbocyclyl, at least one aromatic ring comprises a heteroatom and at least one other ring is a hydrocarbon ring or e.g., indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, pyrido[2,3-b]-1,4-oxazin-3-(4H)-one, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolinyl and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl; and (iii) each ring is aromatic or carbocyclyl, and at least one aromatic ring shares a bridgehead heteroatom with another aromatic ring, e.g., 4H-quinolizinyl.

The term “heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” refers to a radical of a 4- to 12-(or 4 to 10)-membered saturated or partially saturated ring system (“4-12 membered heterocyclyl” or (“4-10 membered heterocyclyl”) having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, quaternary nitrogen, oxidized nitrogen (e.g., NO), oxygen, and sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone. In heterocyclyl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. Heterocyclic ring includes at least one saturated or partially saturated ring that contains a heteroatom. A heterocyclyl group can either be monocyclic (“monocyclic heterocyclyl”) or polycyclic (e.g., a bicyclic system (“bicyclic heterocyclyl”) or tricyclic system (“tricyclic heterocyclyl”); and bicyclic and polycyclic ring systems include fused, bridged, or spiro ring systems). Exemplary monocyclic heterocyclyl groups include azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, azepanyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, and the like. Heterocyclyl polycyclic ring systems can include heteroatoms in one or more rings in the polycyclic ring system. Substituents (e.g., R¹) may be present on one or more rings in the polycyclic ring system.

Representative heterocyclyls include ring systems in which: (i) every ring is non-aromatic and at least one ring comprises a heteroatom, e.g., tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidonyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, quinuclidinyl, and (3aR,6aS)-hexahydro-1λ²-furo[3,4-b]pyrrole; (ii) at least one ring is non-aromatic and comprises a heteroatom and at least one other ring is an aromatic carbon ring, e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl; and (iii) at least one ring is non-aromatic and comprises a heteroatom and at least one other ring is aromatic and comprises a heteroatom e.g., 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole.

In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 8-12 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl, e.g., wherein a saturated or partially saturated heterocyclyl is fused to an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring. The term “heterocyclyl” can also include 8-12 membered bicyclic heterocyclyls, wherein a saturated or partially saturated cycloalkyl is fused to an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring. The point of attachment of the heterocyclyl to the rest of the molecule can be through the saturated or partially saturated heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl, or through the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring.

In some embodiments, a bridged bicyclic system has at two non-aromatic rings containing from 7-12 ring atoms (heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl) and which share three or more atoms, with the two bridgehead atoms separated by a bridge containing at least one atom. “Bridged heterocyclyl” includes bicyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon or aza-bridged hydrocarbon groups; examples include 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 6-oxa-2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, and 8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl.

In some embodiments, a fused bicyclic system has two non-aromatic rings (heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl) containing from 7-12 ring atoms and which share two adjacent ring atoms. Examples of fused bicyclic systems include hexahydro-1H-furo[3,4-b]pyrrolyl, hexahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyrrolyl, 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole, (3aR,6aS)-hexahydro-1λ²-furo[3,4-b]pyrrole.

In some embodiments, a spiro bicyclic system has two non-aromatic rings containing (heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl) from 7-12 ring atoms and which share one ring atom. Examples of spiro bicyclic systems include 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-7-yl, 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl, and 1,4-dioxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl.

Compounds of the Present Disclosure

Disclosed herein are embodiments of compounds having a general structure of Formula (I). These compounds are selective inhibitors of LRTM and LRTMCS EGFR. In contrast to other EGFR inhibitors such as osimertinib which binds EGFR irreversibly, the compounds of the disclosure are non-covalent inhibitors.

In a first embodiment, the present disclosure provides a compound represented by the following structural formula (Ia):

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or a pharmaceutically acceptable isalt thereof, wherein the values for the variables are as described for Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound represented by the structural Formula (I) above, wherein each A¹and A²are each independently N or CR and A³is CR; wherein each R is independently H, halogen, or CH₃. In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein A³is CR and A¹and A²are both CR or one or one of A¹and A²is N and one of A¹and A²is CR; wherein each R is independently H, halogen, or CH₃. In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein A³is CR and A¹and A²are both CR, wherein each R is independently H, halogen, or CH₃. In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein A³is CR and A¹is N and A²is CR; wherein each R is independently H, halogen, or CH₃. In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein A³is CR and A²is N and A¹is CR; wherein each R is independently H, halogen, or CH₃. In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein A³is CH and A²is CH and A¹is N. In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein A¹is CH and A²is CH and A³is CH. In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein A¹is N and A²is CH and and A³is CH. In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein A¹is CH and A²is N and A³is CH.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 and each R¹is independently halogen, CN, OH, NR^aR^b, or C₁-C₄alkyl, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from deuterium, halogen, OH, NR^aR^b, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 and each R¹is independently OH, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, wherein the alkyl, or alkoxy is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from deuterium, halogen, OH, NR^aR^b, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 and each R¹is independently F, methyl optionally substituted with one or more F or OH, or methoxy. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein n is 2, or 3, and each R¹is independently F, OH, or methyl optionally substituted with OH or one or more F.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R²is H, halogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, or C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl represented by R²is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen and OH. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R²is halogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, or C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl represented by R²is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen and OH. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R²is C₁-C₄alkyl, optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen and OH. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R²is C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with OH. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R²is isopropyl optionally substituted with OH.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R³is H and R⁴is H. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein wherein R³is H and R⁴is methyl.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R⁵is H, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl or 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl represented by R⁵is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, OH, NR^aR^b, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R⁵is C₁-C₄alkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl or 4-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl represented by R⁵is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, OH, NR^aR^b, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R⁵is H. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R⁵is C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, OH, NR^aR^b, C₁-C₂alkyl, and C₁-C₂alkoxy. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R⁵is methyl.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R^aand R^bis independently H or C₁-C₄alkyl. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein each R^ais H or methyl and each R^bis independently H or methyl.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein Z is O or NH. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein Z is O. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein Z is NH.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R⁶is H or C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, OH, NR^aR^b, and C₁-C₂alkoxy. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R⁶is H.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R⁶is methyl. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein R⁶is C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, OH, NR^aR^b, and C₁-C₂alkoxy.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein Ring A is C₃-C₆cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein Ring A is cyclopropyl and n is 0, or n is 1 or 2 and R¹is halogen, OH, ═O, or C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with one to three halogen. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein Ring A is cyclobutyl and n is 0, or n is 1 or 2 and R¹is halogen, OH, ═O, or C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with one to three halogen. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein Ring A is selected from the group consisting of cyclobutane, cyclobutanone, and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, each of which is optionally substituted with halogen, OH, or C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with OH or one to three halogen.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein Ring A is a C₆cycloalkenyl wherein two R¹, taken together when attached to the same carbon atom, form a 3 to 6-membered cycloalkyl or 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein Ring A is 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-enyl.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein Ring A is 5-6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkyl substituted with OH or C₁-C₄alkoxy. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, wherein Ring A is thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, or pyridinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄substituted with OH or C₁-C₄alkoxy.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, A³is CR; R²is C₁-C₄alkyl; and Z is O. In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (I) above, R⁵is methyl; A³is CH; R²is C₁-C₄alkyl; and Z is O.

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

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- wherein A¹, A², R¹, n, R⁴and Ring A are as defined above with respect to Formula (I). In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (Ia), wherein R⁴is H or methyl, A¹is N or CH and A¹is CH or A¹is CH and A²is N or CH, and Ring A, R¹and n are as defined above with respect to Formula (I).

In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of Formula (Ia) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: A³is CH; Ring A is thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl or bicycle[1.1.1]pentanyl; each R¹is methyl, CHF₂, OH, CH₂OH, methoxy, Cl, F, or two R¹taken together with when attached to the same carbon form ═O or taken together with the carbon atom to which they are both attached form dioxolanyl; n is 0, 1 or 2; R²is isopropyl or hydroxyl substituted isopropyl; R³is H; R⁴H or methyl; and R⁵is methyl or ethyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of the present disclosure is any one of the compounds disclosed in the examples and Table 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salt” refers to a pharmaceutical salt that is, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic response, and is commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. Pharmaceutically-acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge et al. describes pharmacologically acceptable salts in J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66, 1-19.

Included in the present teachings are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds disclosed herein. Compounds having basic groups can form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acid(s). Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds described herein include salts of inorganic acids (such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric, and sulfuric acids) and of organic acids (such as acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, ethanesulfonic, methanesulfonic, and succinic acids). Compounds of the present teachings with acidic groups such as carboxylic acids can form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with pharmaceutically acceptable base(s). Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts (such as sodium and potassium salts) and alkaline earth metal salts (such as magnesium and calcium salts).

Compounds having one or more chiral centers can exist in various stereoisomeric forms, i.e., each chiral center can have an R or S configuration, or can be a mixture of both. Stereoisomers are compounds that differ only in their spatial arrangement. Stereoisomers include all diastereomeric and enantiomeric forms of a compound. Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. Diastereomers are stereoisomers having two or more chiral centers that are not identical and are not mirror images of each other.

When the stereochemical configuration at a chiral center in a compound having one or more chiral centers is depicted by its chemical name (e.g., where the configuration is indicated in the chemical name by “R” or “S”) or structure (e.g., the configuration is indicated by “wedge” bonds), the enrichment of the indicated configuration relative to the opposite configuration is greater than 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% (except when the designation “rac” or “racemate accompanies the structure or name, as explained in the following two paragraphs). “Enrichment of the indicated configuration relative to the opposite configuration” is a mole percent and is determined by dividing the number of compounds with the indicated stereochemical configuration at the chiral center(s) by the total number of all of the compounds with the same or opposite stereochemical configuration in a mixture.

When the stereochemical configuration at a chiral center in a compound is depicted by chemical name (e.g., where the configuration is indicated in the name by “R” or “S”) or structure (e.g., the configuration is indicated by “wedge” bonds) and the designation “rac” or “racemate” accompanies the structure or is designated in the chemical name, a racemic mixture is intended.

When two stereoisomers are depicted by their chemical names or structures, and the names or structures are connected by an “or”, one or the other of the two stereoisomers is intended, but not both.

When a disclosed compound having a chiral center is depicted by a structure without showing a configuration at that chiral center, the structure is meant to encompass the compound with the S configuration at that chiral center, the compound with the R configuration at that chiral center, or the compound with a mixture of the R and S configuration at that chiral center. When a disclosed compound having a chiral center is depicted by its chemical name without indicating a configuration at that chiral center with “S” or “R”, the name is meant to encompass the compound with the S configuration at that chiral center, the compound with the R configuration at that chiral center or the compound with a mixture of the R and S configuration at that chiral center.

A racemic mixture means a mixture of 50% of one enantiomer and 50% of its corresponding enantiomer. The present teachings encompass all enantiomerically-pure, enantiomerically-enriched, diastereomerically pure, diastereomerically enriched, and racemic mixtures, and diastereomeric mixtures of the compounds disclosed herein.

Enantiomeric and diastereomeric mixtures can be resolved into their component enantiomers or stereoisomers by well known methods, such as chiral-phase gas chromatography, chiral-phase high performance liquid chromatography, crystallizing the compound as a chiral salt complex, or crystallizing the compound in a chiral solvent. Enantiomers and diastereomers can also be obtained from diastereomerically- or enantiomerically-pure intermediates, reagents, and catalysts by well known asymmetric synthetic methods.

“Peak 1” in the Experimental section refers to an intended reaction product compound obtained from a chromatography separation/purification that elutes earlier than a second intended reaction product compound from the same preceding reaction. The second intended product compound is referred to as “peak 2”.

When a disclosed compound is designated by a name or structure that indicates a single enantiomer, unless indicated otherwise, the compound is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% optically pure (also referred to as “enantiomerically pure”). Optical purity is the weight in the mixture of the named or depicted enantiomer divided by the total weight in the mixture of both enantiomers.

When the stereochemistry of a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure, and the named or depicted structure encompasses more than one stereoisomer (e.g., as in a diastereomeric pair), it is to be understood that, unless otherwise indicated, one of the encompassed stereoisomers or any mixture of the encompassed stereoisomers are included. It is to be further understood that the stereoisomeric purity of the named or depicted stereoisomers at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% by weight. The stereoisomeric purity in this case is determined by dividing the total weight in the mixture of the stereoisomers encompassed by the name or structure by the total weight in the mixture of all of the stereoisomers.

In the compounds of the disclosure, any position specifically designated as “D” or “deuterium” is understood to have deuterium enrichment at 50, 80, 90, 95, 98 or 99%. “Deuterium enrichment” is a mole percent and is determined by dividing the number of compounds with deuterium at the indicated position by the total number of all of the compounds. When a position is designated as “H” or “hydrogen”, the position has hydrogen at its natural abundance. When a position is silent as to whether hydrogen or deuterium is present, the position has hydrogen at its natural abundance. One specific alternative embodiment is directed to a compound of the disclosure having deuterium enrichment of at least 5, 10, 25, 50, 80, 90, 95, 98 or 99% at one or more positions not specifically designated as “D” or “deuterium”.

As used herein, many moieties (e.g., alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl) are referred to as being either “substituted” or “optionally substituted”. When a moiety is modified by one of these terms, unless otherwise noted, it denotes that any portion of the moiety that is known to one skilled in the art as being available for substitution can be substituted, which includes one or more substituents. Where if more than one substituent is present, then each substituent may be independently selected. Such means for substitution are well-known in the art and/or taught by the instant disclosure. The optional substituents can be any substituents that are suitable to attach to the moiety.

Compounds of the disclosure are selective EGFR inhibitors. As used herein, the term “selective EGFR inhibitor” means a compound which selectively inhibits certain mutant EGFR kinases over wild-type EGFR and the kinome. Said another way, a selective EGFR inhibitor has no or low activity against wild-type EGFR and the kinome. A selective EGFR inhibitor's inhibitory activity against certain mutant EGFR kinases is more potent in terms of IC₅₀value (i.e., the IC₅₀value is subnanomolar) when compared with its inhibitory activity against wild-type EGFR and many other kinases. Potency can be measured using known biochemical assays.

Some compounds of the disclosure have the advantage of good penetration of the brain. The ability of a particular compound to cross the BBB and penetrate the brain can be assessed using a variety of known methods or combinations of such methods. One in vitro method that is frequently used to predict a compound's in vivo brain penetration is P-gp efflux ratio. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and restricts the penetration of its substrates into the central nervous system (CNS). Compounds that are found to be good P-gp substrates in vitro (i.e., have a high efflux ratio) are predicted to have poor in vivo brain penetration. In order to measure the P-gp efflux ratio, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells overexpressing P-gp (MDCK-MDR1 cells) the apparent apical to basolateral permeability (Papp[A-B]) and the apparent basolateral to apical permeability (Papp[B-A]) for compounds is determined. The P-gp efflux ratio is a measure of the ratio of Papp[B-A]/Papp[A-B]. In some embodiments, a compound of the disclosure has a P-gp efflux ratio of less than 2, less than 3, less than 4, less than 5.

Some compounds of the disclosure have the advantage of good metabolic stability. One indicator of good metabolic stability is high microsomal stability. Hepatic metabolism is a predominant route of elimination for small molecule drugs. The clearance of compounds by hepatic metabolism can be assessed in vitro using human liver microsomes (HLMs) or human hepatocytes. Compounds are incubated with HLMs plus appropriate co-factors or human hepatocytes and compound depletion is measured to determine an in vitro intrinsic clearance (Clint). The Clint is scaled to total body clearance (CL), and a hepatic extraction ratio (ER) is determined by dividing CL to standard human hepatic blood flow. Compounds that have a low hepatic extraction ratio are considered to have good metabolic stability. In some embodiments, a compound of the disclosure has a calculated ER of <0.3, <0.4, <0.5, <0.6.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

Pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure (also referred to herein as the “disclosed pharmaceutical compositions”) comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier(s) or diluent(s) and a compound of the disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula (I)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” and “pharmaceutically acceptable diluent” refer to a substance that aids the formulation and/or administration of an active agent to and/or absorption by a subject and can be included in the pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure without causing a significant adverse toxicological effect on the subject. Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents include water, NaCl, normal saline solutions, lactated Ringer's, normal sucrose, normal glucose, binders, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, coatings, sweeteners, flavors, salt solutions (such as Ringer's solution), alcohols, oils, gelatins, carbohydrates such as lactose, amylose or starch, hydroxymethycellulose, fatty acid esters, polyvinyl pyrrolidine, and colors, and the like. Such preparations can be sterilized and, if desired, mixed with auxiliary agents such as lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers, coloring, and/or aromatic substances and the like that do not deleteriously react with or interfere with the activity of the compounds provided herein. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other pharmaceutical excipients are suitable for use with disclosed compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure optionally include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents therefor, such as lactose, starch, cellulose and dextrose. Other excipients, such as flavoring agents, sweeteners, and preservatives, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl parabens, can also be included. More complete listings of suitable excipients can be found in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (5^thEd., Pharmaceutical Press (2005)). A person skilled in the art would know how to prepare formulations suitable for various types of administration routes. Conventional procedures and ingredients for the selection and preparation of suitable formulations are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (2003-20th edition) and in The United States Pharmacopeia: The National Formulary (USP 24 NF19) published in 1999. The carriers, diluents and/or excipients are “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the pharmaceutical composition and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.

Methods of Treatment

The present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting certain mutant forms of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound disclosed herein, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. Mutant forms of EGFR include for example, EGFR with LRTMCS mutation (the exon 19 deletion (del19) or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutation, T790 M mutation, and C797S mutation). Subjects “in need of inhibiting EGFR” are those having a disease for which a beneficial therapeutic effect can be achieved by inhibiting at least one mutant EGFR, e.g., a slowing in disease progression, alleviation of one or more symptoms associated with the disease or increasing the longevity of the subject in view of the disease.

In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method of treating a disease/condition/or cancer associated with or modulated by mutant EGFR, wherein the inhibition of the mutant EGFR is of therapeutic benefit, including but not limited to the treatment of cancer in a subject in need thereof. The method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound disclosed herein, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with cancer, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound disclosed herein, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. Cancers to be treated according to the disclosed methods include lung cancer, colon cancer, urothelial cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, brain cancers, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, and mesothelioma, including metastasis (in particular brain metastasis) of all cancers listed. Typically, the cancer is characterized by at one or more EGFR mutations described herein. In a specific embodiment, the cancer has progressed on or after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Therapy. In a specific embodiment, the disease has progressed on or after first line osimertinib.

In a specific embodiment, the cancer to be treated is lung cancer. In a more specific embodiment, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In some embodiments, the lung cancer is locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC, NSCLC adenocarcinoma, NSCLC with squamous histology and NSCLC with non-squamous histology. In another embodiment, the lung cancer is NSCLC adenocarcinoma. In another specific embodiment, the lung cancer (or non-small cell lung cancer) has metastasized to the brain.

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer associated with or modulated by mutant EGFR that is characterized by an EGFR genotype selected from genotypes 1-17 according the Table below (del18=Exon 18 deletion, specifically, e.g., del E709_T710 insD; del19=Exon 19 deletion, specifically, e.g., delE746_A750 (most common), delE746_S752insV, de1747_A750insP, delL747_P753insS, and delS752_I759; ex20ins—Exon 20 insertion, specifically, e.g., D761-E762insX, A763-Y764insX, Y764-V765insX, V765-M766insX, A767-S768insX, S768-D769insX, V769-D770insX, N771-P772insX, P772-H773insX, H773-V774insX, and V774-C775insX):

EGFR Genotype

1
EGFR del19

2
EGFR del19 T790M

3
EGFR del19 C797S

4
EGFR del19 C797X (C797G or C797N)

5
EGFR del19 T790M C797S

6
EGFR del19 T790M C797S Q791P

7
EGFR del19 T790M (C797G or C797N)

8
EGFR del19 L792X (L792F, L792H or L792Y)

9
EGFR del19 T790M L792X (L792F, L792H, or L792Y)

10
EGFR del19 G796R (G796S)

11
EGFR del19 T790M G796R (G796S) C797S L792X (L792F, L792H or L792Y)

12
EGFR del19 L792R (L792V or L792P)

13
EGFR del19 L718Q (L718V)

14
EGFR del19 T790M L718Q (L718V) L792X (L792F, L792H or L792Y)

15
EGFR del19 T790M G796R (G796S)

16
EGFR del19 T790M L792R (L792V or L792P)

17
EGFR del19 T790M L718Q (L718V)

18
EGFR del19 T790M C797S L718Q (L718V)

19
EGFR del19 G724S

20
EGFR del19 T790M G724S

21
EGFR del19 S768I (SV768IL)

22
EGFR del19 T790M S768I (SV768IL)

23
EGFR del19 T790M C797S/G L792X (L792F, L792H, L792R, or L792Y)

24
EGFR del 19 V834L

25
EGFR del 19 T790M V834L

27
EGFR del19 T790M L792X (L792F, L792H, L792R, or L792Y)

28
EGFR del19 C797S L718Q (L718V)

29
EGFR del19 L718Q (L718V) A750P

30
EGFR del19 T790M L718Q (L718V) A750P L792V G796R

31
EGFR L858R

32
EGFR L858R T790M

33
EGFR L858R C797S

34
EGFR L858R C797X (797G or C797N)

35
EGFR L858R T790M C797S

36
EGFR L858R T790M C797S Q791P

37
EGFR L858R T790M C797X (C797G or C797N)

38
EGFR L858R L792X (L792F, L792H or L792Y)

39
EGFR L858R T790M L792X (L792F, L792H or L792Y)

40
EGFR L858R G796R (G796S)

41
EGFR L858R T790M G796R (G796S) C797S L792X (L792F, L792H or L792Y)

42
EGFR L858R L792R (L792V or L792P)

43
EGFR L858R L718Q (L718V)

44
EGFR L858R T790M G796R (G796S)

45
EGFR L858R T790M L792R (L792V or L792P)

46
EGFR L858R T790M L718Q (L718V)

47
EGFR L858R T790M C797S L718Q (L718V)

48
EGFR L858R T790M L718Q (L718V) L792X (L792F, L792H or L792Y)

49
EGFR L858R G724S

50
EGFR L858R T790M G724S

51
EGFR L858R S768I (SV768IL)

52
EGFR L858R T790M S768I (SV768IL)

53
EGFR L858R T790M C797S/G L792X (L792F, L792H, L792R, or L792Y)

54
EGFR L858R V834L

55
EGFR L858R T790M V834L

57
EGFR L858R T790M L792X (L792F, L792H, L792R, or L792Y)

58
EGFR L858R C797S L718Q (L718V)

59
EGFR L858R L718Q (L718V) A750P

60
EGFR L858R T790M L718Q (L718V) A750P L792V G796R

61
EGFR L861Q

62
EGFR L861Q T790M

63
EGFR L861Q T790M C797S/G/N

64
EGFR L861Q C797S/G/N

65
EGFR del18

66
EGFR G719X (G719A, G719S, G719C, G719R, G719D, or G719V)

67
EGFR E709X (E709K, E709H, or E709A)

68
EGFR E709X (E709K, E709H, or E709A) (G719A, G719S, G719C, G719D, G719R, or

G719V)

69
EGFR G719X (G719A, G719S, G719C, G719D, G719R, or G719V) S768I

70
EGFR ex20ins

71
EGFR ex20ins L718Q

72
EGFR ex20ins T790M

73
EGFR ex20ins C797S

74
EGFR S7681I

75
EGFR T790M

76
EGFR T790M C797S/G L792X (L792F, L792H, L792R, or L792Y)

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR del19.

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR del19 L792X (L792F, L792H or L792Y).

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR del19 T790 M L792X (L792F, L792H, or L792Y).

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or pharmaceutical composition described herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR del19 T790 M G796R (G796S).

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or pharmaceutical composition described herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR del19 T790 M L792R (L792V or L792P).

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition described herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR del19 T790 M L718Q (L718V).

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR L858R.

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR L858R G796R (G796S).

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR L858R L792R (L792V or L792P).

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR L858R L718Q (L718V).

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR L858R T790 M G796R (G796S).

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR L858R T790 M L792R (L792V or L792P).

In another embodiment, the disease/condition/or cancer (e.g., NSCLC) being treated with a disclosed compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is characterized by EGFR comprising EGFR L858R T790 M L718Q (L718V).

Another embodiment is the treatment a subject with metastatic NSCLC with tumors harboring activating Exon 19 Deletion or L858R EGFR mutations as well as a resistance mutation disclosed herein as detected by an approved molecular testing methodology. Another embodiment is a disclosed compound used in combination with a 1^stor 3^rdgeneration TKI indicated for the treatment of subject with metastatic NSCLC with tumors harboring T790 M and C797S mutations as detected by an approved test, and whose disease has progressed on or after at least 2 prior EGFR TKI therapies.

Another embodiment is a disclosed compound for the treatment of subjects with metastatic NSCLC whose disease with on-target EGFR resistance has progressed on or after any EGFR TKI. In a specific embodiment, the disclosed compound is used in combination with a 1⁴or 3^rdgeneration TKI indicated for the treatment of subject with metastatic NSCLC.

Another embodiment is a disclosed compound for the treatment of subjects with metastatic EGFR C797S mutation-positive NSCLC as detected by an approved molecular test, whose disease has progressed on or after first-line osimertinib. In a specific embodiment, the disclosed compound is used in combination with a 1^stor 3^rdgeneration TKI indicated for the treatment of subject with metastatic NSCLC.

In a particular embodiment, the deletions, mutations, and insertions disclosed herein are detected by an FDA-approved test.

A person of ordinary skill in the art can readily determine the certain EGFR alterations a subject possesses in a cell, cancer, gene, or gene product, e.g., whether a subject has one or more of the mutations or deletions described herein using a detection method selected from those known in the art such as hybridization-based methods, amplification-based methods, microarray analysis, flow cytometry analysis, DNA sequencing, next-generation sequencing (NGS), primer extension, PCR, in situ hybridization, fluorescent in situ hybridization, dot blot, and Southern blot.

To detect one or more EGFR deletions and/or mutations, a primary tumor sample, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTC), and/or circulating exosomes may be collected from a subject. The samples are processed, the nucleic acids are isolated using techniques known in the art, then the nucleic acids are sequenced using methods known in the art. Sequences are then mapped to individual exons, and measures of transcriptional expression (such as RPKM, or reads per kilobase per million reads mapped), are quantified. Raw sequences and exon array data are available from sources such as TCGA, ICGC, and the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). For a given sample, individual exon coordinates are annotated with gene identifier information, and exons belonging to kinase domains are flagged. The exon levels are then z-score normalized across all tumors samples.

The compounds of the disclosure, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may be used for treating to a subject who has become refractory to treatment with one or more other EGFR inhibitors. “Refractory” means that the subject's cancer previously responded to drugs but later responds poorly or not at all. In some embodiments, the subject has become refractory to one or more first generation EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib, gefitinib, icotinib or lapatinib. In some embodiments, the subject has been become refractory to treatment with one or more second generation EGFR inhibitors such as afatinib, dacomitinib, poziotinib, or neratinib. In some embodiments the subject has become refractory to treatment with one or more first generation inhibitors and one or more second generation inhibitors. In some embodiments, the subject has become refractory to treatment with one or more third generation inhibitors such as osimertinib, nazartinib, or avitinib. In one embodiment, the subject has become refractory to treatment with one or more first generation EGFR inhibitors and one or more third generation EGFR inhibitors. In some embodiments, the subject has become refractory to treatment with one or more second generation EGFR inhibitors and one or more third generation EGFR inhibitors. In some embodiments, the subject has become refractory to treatment with one or more first generation inhibitors, and one or more third generation EGFR inhibitors.

Combinations

The compounds of the disclosure, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be used in combination with one or more additional pharmacologically active substances. For example, the disclosure includes methods of treating a condition/disease/or cancer comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a compound of the disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein thereof in combination with an EGFR (or EGFR mutant) inhibitor, such as afatinib, osimertinib, lapatinib, erlotinib, dacomitinib, poziotinib, neratinib, gefitinib JBJ-04-125-02, alflutinib (AST 2818), almonertinib (HS10296), BBT-176, BI-4020, CH7233163, gilteritinib, JND-3229, lazertinib, nazartinib (EGF 816), PCC-0208027, rezivertinib (BPI-7711), TQB3804, zorifertinib (AZ-3759), or DZD9008; an EGFR antibody such as cetuximab, panitumumab, necitumumab, HLX07, JMT101; or a bispecific EGFR and MET antibody (e.g., amivantamab ((JNJ-61186372, JNJ-372)). For the treatment of cancer e.g., NSCLC using a compound of the disclosure or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in combination with a first line therapy, for example a first, second, or third generation EGFR inhibitor (i.e., as an initial treatment before the cancer has become refractory) may forestall or delay the cancer from becoming refractory. Typically, the cancer is characterized by one of the EGFR genotypes described herein.

Alternatively, a compound of the disclosure, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein can be administered in combination with other anti-cancer agents that are not EGFR inhibitors e.g., in combination with MEK, including mutant MEK inhibitors (trametinib, cobimetinib, binimetinib, selumetinib, refametinib); c-MET, including mutant c-Met inhibitors (savolitinib, cabozantinib, foretinib, glumetinib, tepotinib) and MET antibodies (emibetuzumab, telisotuzumab vedotin (ABBV 339)); mitotic kinase inhibitors (CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, GIT38); anti-angiogenic agents e.g., bevacizumab, nintedanib; apoptosis inducers such as Bcl-2 inhibitors e.g., venetoclax, obatoclax, navitoclax, palcitoclax (APG-1252), and Mcl-1 inhibitors e.g., AZD-5991, AMG-176, 5-64315; mTOR inhibitors e.g., rapamycin, temsirolimus, everolimus, ridaforolimus; RET inhibitors, like pralsetinib and selpercatinib, and PI3K inhibitors dactolisib (BEZ235), pictilisib (GDC-0941), LY294002, idelalisib (CAL-101); JAK inhibitors (e.g., AZD4205, itacitinib), Aurora A inhibitors (e.g., alisertib); BCR/ABL and/or Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., dasatinib); VEGF inhibitors (e.g., MP0250; ramucirumab); multi-kinase protein inhibitors (e.g., anlotinib, midostaurin); PARP inhibitors (e.g., niraparib); platinum therapies (e.g., cisplatin (CDDP), carboplatin (CBDCA), or nedaplatin (CDGP)); PD-L1 inhibitors (e.g., durvalumab (MEDI 4736)); HER2/neu receptor inhibitors (e.g., trastuzumab); anti-HER2 or anti-HER3 antibody-drug conjugates (e.g., patritumab deruxtecan (U3-1402), trastuzumab emtansine); or immunogene therapy (e.g., oncoprex).

A “subject” is a human in need of treatment.

Methods of Administration and Dosage Forms

The precise amount of compound administered to provide an “effective amount” to the subject will depend on the mode of administration, the type, and severity of the cancer, and on the characteristics of the subject, such as general health, age, sex, body weight, and tolerance to drugs. The skilled artisan will be able to determine appropriate dosages depending on these and other factors. When administered in combination with other therapeutic agents, e.g., when administered in combination with an anti-cancer agent, an “effective amount” of any additional therapeutic agent(s) will depend on the type of drug used. Suitable dosages are known for approved therapeutic agents and can be adjusted by the skilled artisan according to the condition of the subject, the type of condition(s) being treated and the amount of a compound of Formula (I) being used by following, for example, dosages reported in the literature and recommended in the Physician's Desk Reference (57th Ed., 2003).

“Treating” or “treatment” refers to obtaining a desired pharmacological and/or physiological effect. The effect can be therapeutic, which includes achieving, partially or substantially, one or more of the following results: partially or substantially reducing the extent of the disease, condition or cancer; ameliorating or improving a clinical symptom or indicator associated with the disease, condition or cancer; delaying, inhibiting or decreasing the likelihood of the progression of the disease, condition or cancer; or decreasing the likelihood of recurrence of the disease, condition or cancer.

The term “effective amount” means an amount when administered to the subject which results in beneficial or desired results, including clinical results, e.g., inhibits, suppresses or reduces the symptoms of the condition being treated in the subject as compared to a control. For example, a therapeutically effective amount can be given in unit dosage form (e.g., 0.1 mg to about 50 g per day, alternatively from 1 mg to about 5 grams per day; and in another alternatively from 10 mg to 1 gram per day).

The terms “administer”, “administering”, “administration”, and the like, as used herein, refer to methods that may be used to enable delivery of compositions to the desired site of biological action. These methods include, but are not limited to, intraarticular (in the joints), intravenous, intramuscular, intratumoral, intradermal, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, orally, topically, intrathecally, inhalationally, transdermally, rectally, and the like. Administration techniques that can be employed with the agents and methods described herein are found in e.g., Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, current ed.; Pergamon; and Remington's, Pharmaceutical Sciences (current edition), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.

In addition, a compound of the disclosure, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure can be co-administered with other therapeutic agents. As used herein, the terms “co-administration”, “administered in combination with”, and their grammatical equivalents, are meant to encompass administration of two or more therapeutic agents to a single subject, and are intended to include treatment regimens in which the agents are administered by the same or different route of administration or at the same or different times. In some embodiments the one or more compounds of the disclosure, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure will be co-administered with other agents. These terms encompass administration of two or more agents to the subject so that both agents and/or their metabolites are present in the subject at the same time. They include simultaneous administration in separate compositions, administration at different times in separate compositions, and/or administration in a composition in which both agents are present. Thus, in some embodiments, the compounds described herein and the other agent(s) are administered in a single composition. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein and the other agent(s) are admixed in the composition.

The particular mode of administration and the dosage regimen will be selected by the attending clinician, taking into account the particulars of the case (e.g. the subject, the disease, the disease state involved, the particular treatment). Treatment can involve daily or multi-daily or less than daily (such as weekly or monthly etc.) doses over a period of a few days to months, or even years. However, a person of ordinary skill in the art would immediately recognize appropriate and/or equivalent doses looking at dosages of approved compositions for treating a disease using the disclosed EGFR inhibitors for guidance.

The compounds of the disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered to a patient in a variety of forms depending on the selected route of administration, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. The compounds of the present teachings may be administered, for example, by oral, parenteral, buccal, sublingual, nasal, rectal, patch, pump or transdermal administration and the pharmaceutical compositions formulated accordingly. Parenteral administration includes intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, transepithelial, nasal, intrapulmonary, intrathecal, rectal and topical modes of administration. Parenteral administration can be by continuous infusion over a selected period of time.

The pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure is formulated to be compatible with its intended route of administration. In an embodiment, the composition is formulated in accordance with routine procedures as a pharmaceutical composition adapted for intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, oral, intranasal, or topical administration to human beings. In preferred embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for intravenous administration.

Typically, for oral therapeutic administration, a compound of the disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be incorporated with excipient and used in the form of ingestible tablets, buccal tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, and the like.

Typically for parenteral administration, solutions of a compound of the disclosure can generally or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof be prepared in water suitably mixed with a surfactant such as hydroxypropylcellulose. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, DMSO and mixtures thereof with or without alcohol, and in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.

Typically, for injectable use, sterile aqueous solutions or dispersion of, and sterile powders of, a compound of the disclosure for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions are appropriate.

The following examples are intended to be illustrative and are not intended to be limiting in any way to the scope of the disclosure.

EXEMPLIFICATION
Examples
Preparation of Exemplary Compounds
Definitions

Abbreviations and acronyms used herein include the following:

- AcOH means acetic acid;
- AIBN means 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile);
- Aq. means aqueous;
- BBr₃means boron tribromide;
- BINAP means (±)-2,2′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthalene;
- Bn means benzyl;
- Boc means tert-butoxy carbonyl;
- BOP means (Benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate;
- (BPin)₂means 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-Octamethyl-2,2′-bi-1,3,2-dioxaborolane;
- br means broad;
- BrettPhos Pd G3 or BrettP Pd G3 means [(2-Di-cyclohexylphosphino-3,6-dimethoxy-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)-2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate
- methanesulfonate;
- n-Bu₄NI means Tetra-n-butylammonium iodide;
- n-BuOH means butan-1-ol;
- t-BuOH means tertiary butanol;
- t-BuOK means potassium tert-butoxide;
- ° C. means degrees Celsius;
- cataCXium® A means Di(1-adamantyl)-n-butylphosphine;
- CDCl₃means deutero-chloroform;
- CDI means 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole;
- CPhos means 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-bis(N,N-dimethylamino)biphenyl;
- Cs₂CO₃means cesium carbonate;
- CuI means copper iodide;
- δ means chemical shift;
- d means doublet;
- dd means double of doublets;
- DAST means Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride;
- DBU means 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene;
- DCM means dichloromethane;
- DCE means 1,2-dichloroethane;
- DEA means diethylamine;
- DEAD means diethyl azodicarboxylate;
- DIAD means diisopropyl azodicarboxylate;
- DIPEA means N-ethyldiisopropylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine;
- DMA means N,N-Dimethylacetamide;
- DMAP means 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine;
- DMF means N,N-dimethylformamide;
- DMSO means Dimethylsulfoxide;
- DMSO-d₆means hexadeuterodimethyl sulfoxide;
- EDC.HCl and EDC means N-Ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride;
- Et means ethyl;
- Et₂O means diethyl ether;
- EtOH means ethanol;
- EtOAc means ethyl acetate;
- Eq. means equivalent;
- g means gram;
- HATU means 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid
- hexafluorophosphate;
- HBTU means N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-O—(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)uronium hexafluorophosphate;
- HCl means hydrochloric acid;
- HCOH means formaldehyde;
- HCO₂H means formic acid
- ¹H NMR means proton nuclear magnetic resonance;
- H₂O means water;
- H₂O₂means hydrogen peroxide;
- HOBt means 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate;
- HPLC means high pressure liquid chromatography;
- h means hour;
- IPA means 2-propanol;
- K₂CO₃means potassium carbonate;
- KI means potassium iodide;
- KOH means potassium hydroxide;
- K₃PO₄means potassium phosphate tribasic;
- L means litre;
- LCMS means liquid chromatography mass spectrometry;
- LiCl means lithium chloride;
- LiOH means lithium hydroxide;
- LiAlH₄means lithium aluminium hydride;
- m means multiplet;
- M means molar;
- Me means methyl;
- MeMgBr means methyl magnesium bromide;
- MeCN means acetonitrile;
- Mel means iodomethane;
- MeLi means methyl lithium;
- MeOH means methanol;
- MeOH-d₄means deutero-methanol;
- mg means milligram;
- MgSO₄means magnesium sulfate;
- MHz means mega Hertz;
- mins means minutes;
- mL means millilitres;
- mmol means millimole;
- MS m/z means mass spectrum peak;
- MsCl means methanesulfonyl chloride;
- MTBE means tert-butyl methyl ether;
- N₂means nitrogen;
- NaBH₄means sodium borohydride;
- NaBH(OAc)₃means sodium triacetoxyborohydride;
- NaBH₃CN means sodium cyanoborohydride;
- NaCN means sodium cyanide;
- Na₂CO₃means sodium carbonate;
- NaH means sodium hydride;
- NaHCO₃means sodium bicarbonate;
- NaOH means sodium hydroxide;
- Na₂SO₄means sodium sulfate;
- Na₂SO₃means sodium sulfite;
- NBS means N-bromosuccinimide;
- NH₃means ammonia;
- NH₄Cl means ammonium chloride;
- NH₂NH₂means hydrazine;
- NH₄OH is ammonium hydroxide;
- NIS means N-iodosuccinimide;
- PE means petroleum ether;
- Pd(amphos)Cl₂means Bis(di-tert-butyl(4-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphine)dichloropalladium(II);
- Pd(OAc)₂means palladium acetate;
- Pd₂(dba)₃means tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0);
- Pd(dppf)Cl₂means [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II);
- Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂means [1,1′-Bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II);
- Pd(PPh₃)₄means tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0);
- Pd/C means palladium on charcoal;
- Pd(OH)₂means palladium hydroxide;
- PPh₃means triphenylphosphine;
- POCl₃means phosphorous oxychloride;
- PtBu₃HBF₄means Tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate;
- PtO₂means platinum (II) oxide;
- q means quartet;
- Rockphos Pd G3 means [(2-Di-tert-butylphosphino-3-methoxy-6-methyl-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)-2-(2-aminobiphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate;
- rt means room temperature;
- RT means retention time;
- RuPhos Pd G3 means (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-diisopropoxy-1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate;
- s means singlet;
- sat. means saturated;
- Selectfluor means 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate;
- SFC means supercritical fluid chromatography;
- soln. means solution;
- t means triplet;
- tBuXPhos means 2-Di-tert-butylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl;
- TEA means triethylamine;
- TESCl means chlorotriethylsilane;
- TFA means trifluoroacetic acid;
- Tf₂O means trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride;
- THF means tetrahydrofuran;
- TLC means thin layer chromatography;
- TsCl means p-toluenesulfonyl chloride;
- μL means micro litres;
- μmol means micromole;
- Xantphos means 4,5-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene;
- Xantphos Pd G2 means Chloro[(4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene)-2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II);
- Xantphos Pd G3 means [(4,5-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene)-2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate;
- XPhos Pd G2 means Chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II);
- XPhos Pd G3 means (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate; and
- Zn(CN)₂means zinc cyanide.

Methods for preparing compounds of the invention can be carried out in suitable solvents which can be readily selected by one of skill in the art of organic synthesis. Suitable solvents can be substantially non-reactive with the starting materials (reactants), intermediates, or products at the temperatures at which the reactions are carried out, e.g., temperatures which can range from the solvent's freezing temperature to the solvent's boiling temperature. A given reaction can be carried out in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent. Depending on the particular reaction step, suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can be selected by the skilled artisan.

Preparation of compounds of the invention can involve the protection and deprotection of various chemical groups. The need for protection and deprotection, and the selection of appropriate protecting groups, can be readily determined by one skilled in the art. The chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in Wuts and Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 5th ed., John Wiley & Sons: New Jersey, (2014), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Reactions can be monitored according to any suitable method known in the art. For example, product formation can be monitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (e.g., ¹H or ¹³C), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), mass spectrometry (MS), or by chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or thin layer chromatography (TLC). Analytical instruments and methods for compound characterization:

LC-MS: The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data (sample analyzed for purity and identity) were obtained with an Agilent model-1260 LC system using an Agilent model 6120 mass spectrometer utilizing ES-API ionization fitted with an Agilent Poroshel 120 (EC-C18, 2.7 um particle size, 3.0×50 mm dimensions) reverse-phase column at 22.4 degrees Celsius. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of solvent 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. A constant gradient from 95% aqueous/5% organic to 5% aqueous/95% organic mobile phase over the course of 4 minutes was utilized. The flow rate was constant at 1 mL/min. Alternatively, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data (sample analyzed for purity and identity) were obtained with a Shimadzu LCMS system using an Shimadzu LCMS mass spectrometer utilizing ESI ionization fitted with an Agilent (Poroshel HPH-C18 2.7 um particle size, 3.0×50 mm dimensions) reverse-phase column at 22.4 degrees Celsius. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of solvent 5 mM NH₄HCO₃(or 0.05% TFA) in water and acetonitrile. A constant gradient from 90% aqueous/10% organic to 5% aqueous/95% organic mobile phase over the course of 2 minutes was utilized. The flow rate was constant at 1.5 m/min.

Prep LC-MS: Preparative HPLC was performed on a Shimadzu Discovery VP® Preparative system fitted with a Luna 5u C18(2) 100A, AXIA packed, 250×21.2 mm reverse-phase column at 22.4 degrees Celsius. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of solvent 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. A constant gradient from 95% aqueous/5% organic to 5% aqueous/95% organic mobile phase over the course of 25 minutes was utilized. The flow rate was constant at 20 mL/min. Reactions carried out in a microwave were done so in a Biotage Initiator microwave unit. Alternatively, the preparative HPLC was performed on a Waters Preparative system fitted with Column: Xbridge Shield RP18 OBD Column, 30*150 mm, 5 um; The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of solvent Water (10 mmol/L NH₄HCO₃+0.05% NH3·H2O) and acetonitrile. A constant gradient from 95% aqueous/5% organic to 5% aqueous/95% organic mobile phase over the course of 11 minutes was utilized. The flow rate was constant at 60 mL/min. Reactions carried out in a microwave were done so in a Biotage Initiator microwave unit.

Silica gel chromatography: Silica gel chromatography was performed on a Teledyne Isco CombiFlash® Rf unit, a Biotage® Isolera Four unit, or a Biotage® Isolera Prime unit.

Proton NMR: ¹H NMR spectra were obtained with a Varian 400 MHz Unity Inova 400 MHz NMR instrument (acquisition time=3.5 seconds with a 1 second delay; 16 to 64 scans) or a Avance 400 MHz Unity Inova 400 MHz NMRinstrument (acquisition time=3.99 seconds with a 1 second delay; 4 to 64 scans) or a Avance 300 MHz Unity Inova 300 MHz NMR instrument (acquisition time=5.45 seconds with a 1 second delay; 4 to 64 scans). Unless otherwise indicated, all protons were reported in DMSO-d6 solvent as parts-per million (ppm) with respect to residual DMSO (2.50 ppm).

SFC: Waters Preparative system.

Chiral-HPLC: Agilent 1260 Preparative system.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that modifications of the gradient, column length, and flow rate are possible and that some conditions may be more suitable for compound characterization than others, depending on the chemical species being analyzed.

Preparative HPLC Purification

The following codes refer to the preparative HPLC conditions used as indicated in the examples and preparation sections. Individual gradients were optimised for each compound as appropriate.

Prep-HPLC

Code
Conditions

HPLC-1
Xbridge C18 OBD, 30 × 150 mm, 5 mm; MeCN/H₂O (0.05% NH₄OH)

HPLC-2
Xselect CSH OBD: 30 × 150 mm, 5 mm; MeCN/H₂O (10 mM NH₄HCO₃)

HPLC-3
Xbridge C18 OBD, 30 × 150 mm, 5 mm; MeCN/H₂O (10 mM NH₄HCO₃+

0.1% NH₄OH)

HPLC-4
Xbridge C18 OBD, 30 × 150 mm, 5 mm; MeCN/H₂O (10 mM NH₄HCO₃)

HPLC-5
Xselect CSH OBD; 30 × 150 mm, 5 mm; MeCN/H₂O (10 mM NH₄HCO₃+

0.1% NH₄OH)

General Synthesis Schemes

According to the first process, compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared from the compounds of Formulae (II) and (III), as illustrated by Scheme 1.

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- Hal¹is a leaving group halogen, preferably Cl.
- The compound of Formula (I) may be prepared by the use of a suitable nucleophilic substitution reaction such as an S_NAr under thermal or transition metal catalysed conditions. Preferably using a Buchwald-Hartwig cross coupling reaction. Typical conditions comprise, reaction of the halide of Formula (II) with the amine of Formula (III) in the presence of a suitable inorganic base, a suitable palladium catalyst in a suitable solvent at elevated temperature. Preferred conditions comprise, reaction of the compounds of Formulae (II) and (III) in the presence of, RuPhos Pd G3, BrettPhos Pd G3 or BrettPhos Pd G4, in the presence of a suitable base such as Cs₂CO₃or K₂CO₃, in a suitable solvent such as dioxane or toluene, at between 90° C. and 130° C.
- According to a second process, compounds of Formula (II) may be prepared from the compounds of Formulae (IV), (V), (VI) and (VII), as illustrated by Scheme 2.

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- Hal¹, Hal²and Hal³are halogen or other similar leaving group such as triflate or mesylate
- R^2′ is the unsaturated analogue of R²
- The compound of Formula (VI) may be prepared from the compound of Formula (IV) and the compound of Formula (V) using an appropriate 2-step procedure comprising of a suitable organometallic catalysed cross-coupling coupling reaction such as a Suzuki reaction followed by a suitable hydrogenation. Typical cross-coupling conditions comprise a palladium catalyst containing suitable phosphine ligands, such as Pd(amphos)Cl₂or Pd(dppf)Cl₂, in the presence of a boron nucleophile (V), optionally in the presence of an inorganic or organic base, such as Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃or Cs₂CO₃in a suitable solvent, such as DMA, DME, dioxane, aqueous dioxane or DMF at between rt and elevated temperature. The hydrogenation reaction may typically be carried out in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as Pd/C or PtO₂in a suitable solvent, such as EtOAc under an atmosphere of H₂at about rt.
- The compound of Formula (II) may be prepared nucleophilic substitution reaction such as an S_NAr under thermal or transition metal catalysed conditions. Typical conditions comprise the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction of the amine of Formula (VII) with the halide of Formula (VI) in the presence of a suitable inorganic base, a suitable palladium catalyst in the presence of suitable phosphine ligands, in a suitable solvent at elevated temperature, optionally under microwave irradiation. Preferred conditions comprise, reaction of the compounds of Formulae (VI) and (VII) in the presence of, RuPhos Pd G3, BrettPhos Pd G3 or BrettPhos Pd G4, in the presence of a suitable base such as Cs₂CO₃or K₂CO₃, in a suitable solvent such as dioxane or toluene, at between 90° C. and 130° C.
- According to a third process, compounds of Formula (III) may be prepared from the compounds of Formulae (VIII) and (IX), as illustrated by Scheme 3.

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- Hal is a halogen; B(OR)₂is boron nucleophile; A is a heteroaryl
- The compound of Formula (III) may be prepared from the compounds of Formula (VIII) and (IX) using a suitable metal-catalysed cross-coupling coupling reaction such as a Suzuki reaction. Typical cross-coupling conditions comprise a palladium catalyst containing suitable phosphine ligands, such as Pd(amphos)Cl₂, Pd(dppf)Cl₂or XPhos Pd G2 in the presence of a boron nucleophile (IX), optionally in the presence of an inorganic or organic base, such as Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃or Cs₂CO₃in a suitable solvent, such as DMA, DME, dioxane, aqueous dioxane or DMF at between rt and elevated temperature.
- According to a fourth process, compounds of Formula (III) may be prepared from the compounds of Formulae (VIII) and (X), as illustrated by Scheme 4.

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- Hal is a halogen; A is a C₁-C₆cycloalkyl
- The compound of Formula (III) may be prepared by a decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction of a halide of Formula (VIII) and a carboxylic acid of Formula (X). Typical conditions comprise the reaction of a halide of Formula (VIII) with a carboxylic acid of Formula (X) in the presence of suitable metal salt, preferably silver nitrate, and an appropriate oxidant, preferably ammonium persulfate, in a suitable solvent such as water at a suitable temperature such as rt to elevated temperature, preferably 80° C.
- The compounds of Formulae (IV), (V), (VII), (VIII), (IX) and (X) are either commercially available or may be prepared by analogy to methods known in the literature, or the methods described in the Experimental section below.
- Compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (VI) and (VII) may be converted to alternative compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (VI) and (VII) by standard chemical transformations, known to those skilled in the art.
- It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it may be necessary to utilise a suitable protecting group strategy for the preparation of compounds of Formula (I).
- It will be further appreciated that it may be necessary or desirable to carry out the transformations in a different order from that described in the schemes, or to modify one or more of the transformations, to provide the desired compound of the invention.

Synthesis of Intermediates
Preparation 1
2-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine

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A mixture of 2-chloropyrimidin-4-amine (90 mg, 0.694 mmol), (5-chloropyridin-3-yl)boronic acid (109 mg, 0.694 mmol), K₂CO₃(287 mg, 2.08 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂(151 mg, 0.208 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL) and H₂O (2 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 2 h under N₂. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the residue purified by preparative TLC (10:1 DCM/MeOH) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (80 mg, 56%). LCMS m/z=207 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 2
2-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine

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The title compound was prepared from 2-chloropyrimidin-4-amine and (6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)boronic acid using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 1. Yellow oil (90 mg, 68%). LCMS m/z=203 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 3
2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine

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The title compound was prepared from 2-chloropyrimidin-4-amine and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 1. Yellow solid (150 mg, 34%). LCMS m/z=234 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 4
2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine

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A mixture of 2-chloropyrimidin-4-amine (172 mg, 1.33 mmol), 2-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3-thiazole (300 mg, 1.33 mmol), Xphos Pd G2 (104 mg, 0.133 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃(1.30 g, 3.99 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane/H₂O (10 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 3 h under N₂. The reaction was quenched with H₂O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined extracts were evaporated to dryness and the residue purified by column chromatography (SiO₂, 5:1 PE/EtOAc) to afford the title compound as a brown solid (220 mg, 85%). LCMS m/z=193 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 5
2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine

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The title compound was prepared from 2-chloropyrimidin-4-amine and 1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 4. Yellow solid (1.2 g, 29%). LCMS m/z=176 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 6
3-(4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methylcyclobutan-1-one

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A mixture of 1-methyl-3-oxocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (2.97 g, 23.16 mmol), 6-chloropyrimidin-4-amine (1.0 g, 7.72 mmol), ammonium persulfate (3.52 g, 15.44 mmol) and silver nitrate (2.62 g, 15.44 mmol) in H₂O (25 mL) and MeCN (25 mL) was purged with N₂and heated to 80° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between H₂O and EtOAc and the resulting solids removed by filtration through a pad of Celite®. The filtrate was separated and the combined organics washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was purified by ISCO chromatography (SiO2, 20-100% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound as a pale yellow solid (250 mg, 15.3%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 7.25 (s, 2H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 3.55 (d, 1H), 3.00 (d, 1H), 1.62 (s, 3H).

Preparation 7
6-chloro-2-(3-fluorocyclobutyl)pyrimidin-4-amine

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The title compound was prepared from 6-chloropyrimidin-4-amine and 3-fluorocyclobutanecarboxylic acid using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 6. LCMS m/z=202 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 8
3-(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-one

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The title compound was prepared from 4,6-dichloropyrimidine and 3-oxocyclobutane carboxylic acid using and analogous method to that described for Preparation 6. White solid (1 g, 11.5%); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 7.31 (s, 1H), 3.88 (tt, 1H), 3.67-3.40 (m, 4H).

Preparation 9
3-(4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-one

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3-(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-one (Preparation 8, 1.19 g, 5.50 mmol) in ammonia (12 mL) and dioxane (12 mL) was heated to 60° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue purified by column chromatography (SiO₂, 20:1 DCM/MeOH) to afford the title compound as a white solid (840 mg, 78%). LCMS m/z=198 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 10
3-(4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxylic Acid

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The title compound was prepared from 3-(methoxycarbonyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxylic acid and 6-chloropyrimidin-4-amine using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 6. RP-ISCO (SiO₂, 10-50% H₂O/MeCN (+0.1% TFA)); Pale yellow solid (126 mg, 31%). LCMS m/z=240 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 11
6-chloro-2-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-amine

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The title compound was prepared from cyclobutanecarboxylic acid and 6-chloropyrimidin-4-amine using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 6. Pale yellow solid (145 mg, 20%). LCMS m/z=184 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 12
(3-(4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-yl)methanol

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LAH (47.5 mg, 1.252 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-(4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxylic acid (Preparation 10, 100 mg, 0.417 mmol) in THF (4 mL) at 0° C. under N₂and the resulting mixture stirred at rt for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 20° C. and quenched by the addition of solid sodium sulfate decahydrate before filtering through a plug of Celite® and rinsing with 10% MeOH/DCM. The combined filtrate was evaporated to dryness in vacuo to afford the title compound as a white solid (90 mg, 96%) which was used without further purification.

Preparation 13
3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methylcyclobutan-1-one

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Pd/C (126 mg, 0.118 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-(4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methylcyclobutan-1-one (Preparation 6, 250 mg, 1.181 mmol) in MeOH (3.5 mL) and placed under a balloon of H₂and stirred at rt for 90 min. The solids were removed by filtration through a plug of Celite® and washed with MeOH. The combined organics were evaporated to dryness in vacuo to afford the title compound as a white solid (200 mg, 96%) which was used without further purification.

Preparation 14
3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-one

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The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-one (Preparation 9) using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 13. LCMS m/z=164 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 15
(3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-yl)methanol

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The title compound was prepared from (3-(4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-yl)methanol (Preparation 12) using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 13. White solid (31.6 mg, 41%).

Preparation 16
2-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-amine

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The title compound was prepared from 6-chloro-2-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-amine (Preparation 11) using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 13. White solid (69 mg, 58%).

Preparation 17
2-(3-fluorocyclobutyl)pyrimidin-4-amine

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The title compound was prepared from 6-chloro-2-(3-fluorocyclobutyl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Preparation 7) using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 13. White solid (57.8 mg, 61%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.82 (d, 2H), 8.11 (d, 1H), 6.59 (d, 1H), 5.11 (dt, 1H), 3.12 (dd, 1H), 2.79-2.63 (m, 2H). [NB. additional multiplet under residual DMSO peak].

Preparation 18 and 19
(1s,3s)-3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-ol and (1r,3r)-3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-ol

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NaBH₄(68.4 mg, 1.80 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-one (Preparation 14, 293 mg, 1.80 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) at 0° C. and the mixture stirred at this temperature for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with NH₄Cl (1 mL) and the precipitate removed by filtration. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the residue purified by prep-TLC (DCM/MeOH=10:1) to afford the title compounds. The relative stereochemistry assigned by NOE NMR spectroscopy. Preparation 18 (1s,3s)-3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-ol (140 mg, 47%) as a colourless syrup. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 7.96 (d, 1H), 6.66 (s, 2H), 6.19 (d, 1H), 5.01 (d, 1H), 3.99 (ddt, 1H), 2.76 (tt, 1H), 2.40 (dddd, 2H), 2.08 (dtd, 2H).

Preparation 19 (1r,3r)-3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-ol as a white solid (10 mg, 2.4%).

Preparation 20
ethyl (E)-3-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)acrylate

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Into a 40-mL pressure tank reactor purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of N₂was placed ethyl 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)prop-2-enoate (500 mg, 2.21 mmol), tert-butyl N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate (508 mg, 2.21 mmol), K₂CO₃(616 mg, 4.42 mmol), H₂O (1.00 mL), Pd(dppf)Cl₂(162 mg, 0.221 mmol) and dioxane (5 mL) and the reaction mixture stirred for 1 h at 80° C. The resulting solution was extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL) and the combined organics evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (15:1 PE/EtOAc) to afford the title compound as a light yellow oil (250 mg, 20%). LCMS m/z=307 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 21 ethyl 2-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate

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Into a 40-mL pressure tank reactor purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, was placed DMF (5 mL), ethyl (E)-3-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)acrylate (Preparation 20, 250 mg, 0.852 mmol, 1), iodotrimethyl-lambda6-sulfanone (469 mg, 2.13 mmol), NaH (40.9 mg, 1.705 mmol) and the resulting solution stirred for 3 h at 50° C. The reaction was quenched by the addition of H₂O (1 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organics were evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (9:1 PE/EtOAc) to afford the title compound as a pale yellow oil (80 mg, 31%). LCMS m/z=308 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 22
tert-butyl (2-(2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate

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LiBH4 (0.1 mL of 2 M soln in THF) was added to ethyl 2-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate (Preparation 21, 30 mg, 0.098 mmol) in THF (5 mL) and the resulting solution stirred for 3 h at 50° C. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of H₂O (1 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL) and the combined organics evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (9:1 PE/EtOAc) to afford the title compound as a pale yellow oil (15 mg, 58%). LCMS m/z=266 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 23
tert-butyl (2-(2-formylcyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate

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A mixture of tert-butyl (2-(2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate (Preparation 22, 100 mg, 0.377 mmol) and Dess-Martin Periodinane (320 mg, 0.754 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) and the resulting solution stirred for 2 h at 0° C. The reaction quenched by the addition of H₂O (10 mL) of water and extracted with DCM and the combined organics evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (20:1 DCM/MeOH) to afford the title compound as a solid (80 mg, 81%). LCMS m/z=264 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 24
tert-butyl (2-(2-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate

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A mixture of tert-butyl (2-(2-formylcyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate (Preparation 23, 200 mg, 0.760 mmol) and DAST (306 mg, 1.90 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was stirred for 1 h at 0° C. The reaction was quenched with Na₂SO₃(1 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL) and the combined extracts evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (9:1 PE/EtOAc) to afford the title compound as a pale yellow oil (80 mg, 37%). LCMS m/z=286 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 25
2-(2-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-amine

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TFA (1 mL) was added to tert-butyl (2-(2-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate (Preparation 24, 80 mg) in DCM (5 mL) and the resulting solution stirred for 1 h at 0° C. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo to afford the title compound as a pale yellow solid (100 mg) which was used without further purification. LCMS m/z=186 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 26
6-chloro-4-iodo-2,7-naphthyridin-1(2H)-one

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To a solution of 6-chloro-1,2-dihydro-2,7-naphthyridin-1-one (50 g, 0.276 mol) in DMF (300 mL), NIS (74 g, 0.33 mol) was added at 0° C. and the mixture stirred overnight at rt. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water and dried under vacuum to afford the title compound (60 g, 70%) as a light-yellow solid. LCMS m/z=307 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.0 (s, 1H), 9.02 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H).

Preparation 27
1,6-dichloro-4-iodo-2,7-naphthyridine

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A mixture of 6-chloro-4-iodo-2,7-naphthyridin-1(2H)-one (Preparation 26, 60 g, 0.196 mol) in POCl₃(320 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 1.5 h. The mixture was concentrated and neutralized with cooled saturated aq. NaHCO₃. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×300 mL), the combined organic layers dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound, 53 g (84%) as a yellow solid. LCMS m/z=325 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 28
1,6-dichloro-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2-dihydro-2,7-naphthyridine

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To a solution of 1,6-dichloro-4-iodo-2,7-naphthyridine (Preparation 27, 30 g, 92.5 mmol) in dioxane/H₂O (300/70 mL) was added 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (15 g, 93 mmol), K₂CO₃(37.8 g, 276 mmol) and Pd(amphos)Cl₂(3 g, 4.2 mmol) and the solution was stirred for 0.5 h at 50° C. The mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×300 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (200 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with EtOAc: PE (1:10) to give the title compound, 15 g, 68.1% as white solid. LCMS m/z=239 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 29
1,6-dichloro-4-isopropyl-2,7-naphthyridine

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To a solution of 1,6-dichloro-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2,7-naphthyridine (Preparation 28, 4 g, 16.8 mmol) in EtOAc (300 mL) was added PtO₂(5 g, 22 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 24 h under H₂atmosphere. The solid was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc:PE, 1:8) to give the title compound, 3 g, 75% as a white solid. LCMS m/z=241 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.47 (d, 1H), 8.47 (d, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H), 3.64 (p, 1H), 1.33 (d, 6H).

Preparation 30
5-bromo-N-tert-butyl-2-chloroisonicotinamide

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A solution of 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid (4 g, 16.9 mmol), 2-methylpropan-2-amine (1.47 g, 20.2 mmol), EDC HCl (4.85 g, 25.3 mmol) and HOBT (3.41 g, 25.3 mmol) in DMF (30 mL), under N₂was stirred overnight at rt. The reaction was diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc, the organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (PE/EtOAc, 2:1) to give the title compound, 3 g (60.9%) as a white solid. LCMS m/z=293 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.64 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 1.36 (s, 9H).

Preparation 31
(E)-N-(tert-butyl)-2-chloro-5-(2-ethoxyvinyl)isonicotinamide

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A solution of 5-bromo-N-tert-butyl-2-chloropyridine-4-carboxamide (Preparation 30, 2 g, 6.85 mmol), 2-[(E)-2-ethoxyethenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (1.49 g, 7.53 mmol), Cs₂CO₃(4.46 g, 13.7 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂(501 mg, 0.685 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) and H₂O (6 mL) was stirred for 2 h at 80° C. The cooled solution was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc, the combined organic layers dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with PE/EtOAc (2:1) to give the title compound, 1.2 g (62.1%) as a yellow solid. LCMS m/z=283 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 5.79 (d, 1H), 3.90 (q, 2H), 1.35 (s, 9H), 1.26 (t, 3H).

Preparation 32
7-chloro-2,6-naphthyridin-1(2H)-one

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A solution of (E)-N-(tert-butyl)-2-chloro-5-(2-ethoxyvinyl)isonicotinamide (Preparation 31, 1.2 g, 4.24 mmol) in TFA (20 mL) was stirred overnight at 100° C. The resulting mixture was cooled and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound, 600 mg, as a red solid. The crude product was used directly without any further purification. LCMS m/z=181 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 33
4-bromo-7-chloro-2,6-naphthyridin-1(2H)-one

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A solution of 7-chloro-2,6-naphthyridin-1(2H)-one (Preparation 32, 3 g, 16.6 mmol) and NBS (3.54 g, 19.9 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) was stirred for 1 h at rt. The resulting solid was collected by filtration to give the title compound, 3 g (69.7%) as a white solid. LCMS m/z=261 [M+H]⁺

Preparation 34
4-bromo-7-chloro-2,6-naphthyridin-1-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate

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A solution of 4-bromo-7-chloro-2,6-naphthyridin-1(2H)-one (Preparation 33, 1 g, 3.85 mmol) and TEA (777 mg, 7.70 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) was cooled to −78° C., and then Tf₂O (4.34 g, 15.4 mmol) was added drop wise over 10 min. The reaction was stirred for 0.5 h at −78° C., then warmed to rt and stirred for 0.5 h. The reaction was quenched with ice-water (2 mL), extracted with DCM, the organic layers combined, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column eluting with EtOAc:PE (0-10%) to give the title compound, 1 g (66.6%) as a white solid. LCMS m/z=393 [M+H]⁺

Preparation 35
4-bromo-7-chloro-1-iodo-2,6-naphthyridine

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A mixture of 4-bromo-7-chloro-2,6-naphthyridin-1-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (Preparation 34, 500 mg, 1.27 mmol) and NaI (952 mg, 6.35 mmol) in MeCN (9 mL) was cooled to 0° C. and a solution of trifluoromethanesulfonate acid (381 mg, 2.54 mmol) in MeCN (1 mL) was added drop wise over 10 min. The reaction was then stirred at rt for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc, the organic layers combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound, 500 mg as a dark solid. LCMS m/z=369 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 36
4-bromo-7-chloro-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2,6-naphthyridine

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The title compound was obtained as a light yellow oil, 200 mg, 52.3% yield, from 4-bromo-7-chloro-1-iodo-2,6-naphthyridine (Preparation 35) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, following the procedure described in Preparation 28. LCMS m/z=285 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 37
4-bromo-7-chloro-1-isopropyl-2,6-naphthyridine

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The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid, 100 mg, 62.1% yield, from 4-bromo-7-chloro-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2,6-naphthyridine (Preparation 36) following the procedure described in Preparation 29. LCMS m/z=287 [M+H].

Preparation 38
8-bromo-3-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate

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Trifluoromethanesulfonyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (45.7 g, 162 mmol) was added dropwise to 8-bromo-3-chloroisoquinolin-5-ol (14 g, 54.1 mmol) and TEA (21.8 g, 216 mmol) in DCM (400 mL) at −60° C. The resulting mixture was warmed to room temperature naturally and stirred at rt for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by a silica gel column with PE:EA=5:1 to afford 18 g (85%) the title compound as a white solid. LCMS m/z=392 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 39
8-bromo-3-chloro-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)isoquinoline

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A solution of 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (1.925 ml, 10.24 mmol), 8-bromo-3-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (Preparation 38, 4 g, 10.24 mmol), K₂CO₃(1.415 g, 10.24 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂·DCM adduct (0.836 g, 1.024 mmol) in dioxane (23 mL) and H₂O (2 mL) was purged with N₂for 5 minutes before heating at 45° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and washed with brine (2×20 mL). The combined extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the residue purified by ISCO chromatography (SiO₂, 0-10% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (1.36 g, 47%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 5.53 (t, 1H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H).

Preparation 40
2-(8-bromo-3-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl)prop-2-en-1-ol

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The title compound was prepared from 8-bromo-3-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (Preparation 38) and 2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-ol using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 39. Yield: 2.1 g, 55%; LCMS m/z=298 [M]⁺.

Preparation 41
8-bromo-3-chloro-5-isopropylisoquinoline

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The title compound was prepared by hydrogenation of 8-bromo-3-chloro-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)isoquinoline (Preparation 39) using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 29. White solid (451 mg, 69%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 3.60 (p, 1H), 1.18 (d, 8H).

Preparation 42
rac-2-(8-bromo-3-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl)propan-1-ol

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The title compound was prepared from 2-(8-bromo-3-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl)prop-2-en-1-ol (Preparation 40) using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 29. Yield: 1.80 g, 90%; LCMS m/z=300 [M]⁺.

Preparation 43
6-chloro-4-isopropyl-1-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridine

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To a solution of 1,6-dichloro-4-isopropyl-2,7-naphthyridine (Preparation 29, 300 mg, 1.24 mmol) in IPA was added 3-(methanesulfonylmethyl)azetidine (202 mg, 1.36 mmol) and TEA (500 mg, 4.96 mmol) and the resulting solution stirred for 4 h at 100° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (20 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography 2:1 PE/EtOAc to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (350 mg, 80%). LCMS m/z=354 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 44
7-chloro-1-isopropyl-4-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,6-naphthyridine

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4-bromo-7-chloro-1-isopropyl-2,6-naphthyridine (Preparation 37, 500 mg, 1.75 mmol) was added to 3-(methanesulfonylmethyl)azetidine hydrochloride (388 mg, 2.09 mmol), XantPhos Pd G2 (155 mg, 175 μmol) and Cs₂CO₃(854 mg, 2.62 mmol) in dioxane at rt and the resulting mixture heated at 100° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with brine (2×100 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography (SiO₂, 20:1 DCM/MeOH) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (300 mg). 7-chloro-4-[3-(methanesulfonylmethyl)azetidin-1-yl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-2,6-naphthyridine as a yellow solid. LCMS m/z=354 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 45
2-(3-chloro-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-5-yl)propan-1-ol

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The title compound was prepared from 2-(8-bromo-3-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl)propan-1-ol (Preparation 42) and 3-(methanesulfonylmethyl)azetidine hydrochloride using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 44. Yellow solid (190 mg, 51%); LCMS m/z=369 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 46
3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinoline

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A mixture of 3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidine (118 mg, 0.791 mmol), 8-bromo-3-chloro-5-isopropylisoquinoline (Preparation 41, 225 mg, 0.791 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃(36.2 mg, 0.040 mmol), BINAP (49.2 mg, 0.079 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃(773 mg, 2.372 mmol) in dioxane (6.5 mL) was degassed with N₂and stirred at 80° C. overnight. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc washed with H2O, brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was purified by ISCO chromatography (SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (117 mg, 42%). LCMS m/z=353 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 47
Trans-rac-tert-butyl (2R,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylazetidine-1-carboxylate

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Trans-Racemate

Part 1. To a suspension of (2R,3S)-2-methylazetidine-3-carboxylic acid (2.20 g, 19.11 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) and H₂O (25 mL) was added Na₂CO₃(6.08 g, 57.3 mmol) followed by a solution of Boc₂O (5.0 g, 22.93 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) and the resulting mixture stirred vigorously at rt for ˜3 h. The reaction was diluted with H₂O (20 mL) and poured into 1 M HCl (40 mL) in 10 mL portions.

The solids were removed by filtration and the pH of the resulting biphasic mixture was adjusted to pH˜5-6 by the addition of 1 M HCl. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (×2) and the combined organics washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to dryness in vacuo to afford trans-rac-(2R,3S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-methylazetidine-3-carboxylic acid as a colourless oil (3.73 g) which was used without further purification.

Part 2. Borane:THF (14.77 mL of 1 M solution, 14.77 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of trans-rac-(2R,3S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-methylazetidine-3-carboxylic acid (Part 1, 1.59 g, 7.39 mmol) in THF (30 mL) at 0° C. under N₂. The reaction mixture was allowed to slowly warm to 5° C. before cooling back to 0° C. and quenched by the slow addition of MeOH until evolution of H₂had ceased. The reaction mixture was diluted further by the addition of excess MeOH and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in MeOH and evaporated to dryness (×2) and fully dried under high-vacuum to afford the title compound as a colourless oil (1.48 g, 100%) which was used without additional purification. LCMS m/z=224 [M+Na]⁺.

Preparation 48
Trans-rac-tert-butyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-(((methylsulfonyl)oxy)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate

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Trans-Racemate

Mesyl chloride (1.553 g, 13.55 mmol) was added dropwise to an ice-cold solution of trans-rac-tert-butyl (2R,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylazetidine-1-carboxylate (Preparation 47, 2.48 g, 12.32 mmol) and TEA (1.87 g, 18.48 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM, washed (H2O×2), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to dryness in vacuo to afford the title compound as a yellow oil (3.48 g, 100%). LCMS m/z=302 [M+Na]⁺.

Preparation 49
Trans-rac-tert-butyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate

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Trans-Racemate

Sodium methanesulfinate (2.80 g, 27.4 mmol) and KI (4.55 g, 27.4 mmol) were added sequentially to a solution of trans-rac-tert-butyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-(((methylsulfonyl)oxy)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (Preparation 48, 2.55 g, 9.13 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) and the resulting mixture heated to 100° C. for 45 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O and extracted with EtOAc (×2). The combined organics were washed (H₂O×3), brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was purified by ISCO-chromatography (0-75% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound as a colourless oil (1.20 g, 50%). LCMS m/z=286 [M+Na]⁺.

Preparation 50
Trans-rac-(2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidine

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Trans-Racemate

TFA (649 mg, 5.70 mmol) was added to a solution of trans-rac-tert-butyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (Preparation 49, 150 mg, 0.57 mmol) in DCM (1.2 mL) and the mixture stirred at rt for 1 h. The volatiles were removed by evaporation in vacuo and the residue dissolved in MeOH (2 mL), cooled to 0° C. before stirring with MP-carbonate resin until pH˜9 was reached. The solids were removed by filtration and the filtrate evaporated to dryness in vacuo to afford the title compound as a viscous yellow oil (79.8 mg, 86%).

Preparation 51
Trans-rac-3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-((2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinoline

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Trans-Racemate

The title compound was prepared from trans-rac-(2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidine (Preparation 50) and 8-bromo-3-chloro-5-isopropylisoquinoline (Preparation 41) using an analogous method to that described for Preparation 46. Yellow oil (53 mg, 63%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.13 (s, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 6.78 (d, 1H), 4.72 (t, 1H), 4.25 (p, 1H), 3.70 (t, 1H), 3.64-3.47 (m, 3H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.92 (q, 1H), 1.45 (d, 3H), 1.29 (dd, 5H).

Preparation 52
tert-butyl 3-((ethylthio)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate

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Tert-butyl 3-(iodomethyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (2 g, 6.73 mmol) and (ethylsulfanyl)sodium (1.12 g, 13.4 mmol) was dissolved in a solvent mixture (CH₃CN/H₂O=3:1, 20 mL) and the resulting solution stirred at 60° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the residue purified by chromatography (30:1 DCM/MeOH) to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (1.4 g, 90%). LCMS m/z=176 [M−56+H]⁺.

Preparation 53
tert-butyl 3-((ethylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate

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A solution of Oxone® (11.1 g, 18.1 mmol) in H₂O (0.5 mL) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 3-((ethylthio)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (Preparation 52, 1.4 g, 6.05 mmol) in THF (5 mL0 and EtOH (5 mL) and the resulting solution stirred at 0° C. for 10 mins and then rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the residue purified by chromatography (20:1 DCM/MeOH) to afford the title compound as a white solid (1.3 g, 81%). LCMS m/z=286 [M+Na]⁺.

Preparation 54
3-((ethylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidine trifluoroacetate

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TFA (3.36 g, 29.5 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 3-((ethylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (Preparation 53, 1.3 g, 4.93 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) and the resulting solution stirred at rt for 3 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the residue washed with MTBE to afford the title compound as a white solid (800 mg, 62%). LCMS m/z=164 [M+H]⁺.

Preparation 55
3-chloro-8-(3-((ethylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-5-isopropylisoquinoline

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A mixture of 8-bromo-3-chloro-5-isopropylisoquinoline (Preparation 41, 1 g, 3.51 mmol), 3-((ethylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidine hydrochloride (Preparation 55, 572 mg, 3.51 mmol), BINAP Pd G2 (65.4 mg, 70.2 μmol) and Cs₂CO₃(596 mg, 1.83 mmol) in dioxane (25 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the residue purified by prep-TLC (1:1 EtOAc/PE) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (480 mg) as a yellow solid. LCMS m/z=367 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of Exemplary Compounds
Example 1
5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-amine

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A mixture of 6-chloro-4-isopropyl-1-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridine (Preparation 43, 200 mg, 0.565 mmol), 2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Preparation 4, 119 mg, 0.622 mmol), Cs₂CO₃(550 mg, 1.69 mmol) and BrettPhos Pd G3 (51.2 mg, 56.5 umol) in dioxane was stirred under N₂at 100° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂(30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×40 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (20 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC-1 (Gradient (% organic): 30-45%) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (60 mg, 21%). LCMS m/z=510 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.55 (s, 1H), 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 8.42 (d, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 4.56 (t, 2H), 4.22 (dd, 2H), 3.54 (dd, 4H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 1.36 (d, 6H).

Example 2-15

The title compounds were prepared from the appropriate aryl halide (R—Cl) and arylamine (RNH2) using an analogous method to that described for Example 1 using the appropriate catalyst system as note in the following table.

Ex no
Name/Structure/RCl/Catalyst/HPLC/Data

2
5-isopropyl-N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-8-(3-

((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-amine

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RCl: 6-chloro-4-isopropyl-1-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-

naphthyridine (Preparation 43); RNH₂: 2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-

yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Preparation 5)

BrettPhos Pd G3, 120° C.

HPLC-2: Gradient (% organic): 25-38%

White solid (28.3 mg); LCMS m/z = 493 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ:

10.38 (s, 1H), 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d,

2H), 7.15 (d, 1H), 4.56 (t, 2H), 4.22 (t, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.58 (d, 2H), 3.32

(d, 2H), 3.00 (s, 3H), 1.36 (d, 6H).

3
3-(4-((5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-

yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methylcyclobutan-1-one

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RCl: 6-chloro-4-isopropyl-1-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-

naphthyridine (Preparation 43); RNH₂3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-

methylcyclobutan-1-one (Preparation 13)

BrettPhos Pd G4 + BrettPhos, 100° C.

ISCO (SiO₂, 0-10% MeOH/DCM)

Yellow solid (114 mg, 79%. LCMS m/z = 495 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-

d₆) δ: 10.43 (s, 1H), 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.42 (d, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.22

(d, 1H), 4.55 (t, 2H), 4.21 (dd, 2H), 3.79-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.49 (m, 2H),

3.14-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.98-2.89 (m, 1H), 1.89 (s, 2H), 1.75 (s, 3H),

1.29 (d, 6H).

4
(3-(4-((5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-

yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-yl)methanol

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RCl: 6-chloro-4-isopropyl-1-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-

naphthyridine (Preparation 43); RNH₂(3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-

yl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-yl)methanol (Preparation 15)

BrettPhos Pd G4 + BrettPhos, 100° C.

ISCO (SiO₂, 0-20% MeOH/DCM)

Yellow solid (32 mg, 42%. LCMS m/z = 509 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-

d₆): 10.39 (s, 1H), 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.78 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.20

(d, 1H), 4.59 (t, 3H), 4.24 (dd, 2H), 3.61 (d, 2H), 3.52 (d, 2H), 3.41 (dt, 1H),

3.02 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 6H), 1.37 (d, 6H).

5
N-(2-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-yl)-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-

1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-amine

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RCl: 6-chloro-4-isopropyl-1-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-

naphthyridine (Preparation 43); RNH₂2-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-amine

(Preparation 16)

BrettPhos Pd G4 + BrettPhos, 85° C.

ISCO (SiO₂, 0-10% MeOH/DCM)

White solid (15.2 mg, 29%. LCMS m/z = 467 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-

d₆) δ: 10.39 (s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.19

(d, 1H), 4.60 (t, 2H), 4.25 (dd, 2H), 3.76-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.62 (d, 2H), 3.45-3.34

(m, 1H), 2.48 (dd, 2H), 2.40-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.11 (dt, 1H), 1.90 (d, 1H), 1.37 (d,

6H).

6
(1s,3s)-3-(4-((5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-

naphthyridin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-ol

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RCl: 6-chloro-4-isopropyl-1-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-

naphthyridine (Preparation 43); RNH₂(1s,3s)-3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-

yl)cyclobutan-1-ol (Preparation 18)

RuPhos Pd G3 100° C.

HPLC-1; Gradient (% organic): 17-37%

White solid (46.8 mg, 44%. LCMS m/z = 483 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-

d₆): 10.40 (s, 1H), 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.20

(d, 1H), 5.12 (d, 1H), 4.60 (t, 2H), 4.25 (dd, 2H), 4.12 (s, 1H), 3.59 (d, 2H),

3.37 (td, 2H), 3.00 (s, 4H), 2.63-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.23 (dtd, 2H), 1.32 (d, 6H).

7
(1r,3r)-3-(4-((5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-

naphthyridin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutan-1-ol

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RCl: 6-chloro-4-isopropyl-1-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-

naphthyridine (Preparation 43); RNH₂(1r,3r)-3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-

yl)cyclobutan-1-ol (Preparation 19)

RuPhos Pd G3 100° C.

HPLC-1; Gradient (% organic): 17-37%

White solid (5 mg, 21%. LCMS m/z = 483 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆)

δ: 10.34 (s, 1H), 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d,

1H), 5.06 (d, 1H), 4.57 (t, 2H), 4.42 (q, 1H), 4.22 (dd, 2H), 3.59 (d, 2H), 3.53

(dq, 1H), 3.30 (s, 1H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.62 (dtd, 2H), 2.35-2.22 (m, 2H), 1.34 (d,

6H).

8
5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(2-(2-methylthiazol-5-

yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-2,6-naphthyridin-3-amine

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RCl: 7-chloro-1-isopropyl-4-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,6-

naphthyridine (Preparation 44); RNH₂: 2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-

amine (Preparation 4). RuPhos Pd G3, 100° C.

HPLC-2; Gradient (% organic): 25-45%

Yellow solid (40 mg); LCMS m/z = 510 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ:

10.61 (s, 1H), 9.18 (d, 1H), 8.89 (s, 1H), 8.46-8.37 (m, 2H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.17

(d, 1H), 4.51 (t, 2H), 4.09 (t, 2H), 3.95 (p, 1H), 3.62 (d, 2H), 3.33 (s, 1H),

3.03 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 1.38 (d, 6H).

9
5-isopropyl-N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-8-(3-

((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,6-naphthyridin-3-amine

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RCl: 7-chloro-1-isopropyl-4-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,6-

naphthyridine (Preparation 44); RNH₂: 2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-

yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Preparation 5). BrettPhos Pd G3, 120° C.

HPLC-2; Gradient (% organic): 25-40%

White solid (40 mg); LCMS m/z = 493 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ:

10.43 (s, 1H), 9.17 (s, 1H), 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.39 (d, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s,

1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.09 (d, 1H), 4.50 (t, 2H), 4.09 (t, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.87-

3.79 (m, 1H), 3.62 (d, 2H), 3.34 (s, 1H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 1.37 (d, 6H).

10
5-isopropyl-N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-8-(3-

((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

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RCl: 3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinoline

(Preparation 46); RNH₂: 2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine

(Preparation 5). BrettPhos Pd G3, 100° C.

HPLC-2; Gradient (% organic): 33-44%

Yellow solid (38 mg); LCMS m/z = 491 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ:

10.18 (s, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.80 (s, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, 1H), 8.07 (s,

1H), 7.46 (d, 1H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 6.44 (d, 1H), 4.41 (t, 2H), 3.96 (d, 5H), 3.60

(d, 3H), 3.30 (s, 1H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 1.37 (d, 6H).

11
5-isopropyl-N-(2-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-8-(3-

((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

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RCl: 3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinoline

(Preparation 46); RNH₂: 2-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine

(Preparation 2). CPhos, Pd2(dba)3

HPLC-3; Gradient (% organic): 51-61%

Yellow solid (31 mg, 17%. LCMS m/z = 519 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-

d₆) δ: 10.33 (s, 1H), 9.23 (d, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.59 (dd, 1H),

8.46 (d, 1H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 6.95 (d, 1H), 6.43 (d, 1H), 4.40 (t,

2H), 3.96 (d, 5H), 3.58 (d, 2H), 3.27 (s, 1H), 3.00 (s, 3H), 1.36 (d, 6H).

12
8-(3-((ethylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-5-isopropyl-N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-

4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

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RCl: 3-chloro-8-(3-((ethylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-5-isopropylisoquinoline

(Preparation 55); RNH₂: 2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine

(Preparation 5). CPhos, Pd₂(dba)₃

HPLC-4; Gradient (% organic): 38-48%

Yellow solid (21.7 mg, 16%. LCMS m/z = 506 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-

d₆) δ: 10.19 (s, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H), 8.40-8.25 (m, 2H), 8.07 (s, 1H),

7.45 (d, 1H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 6.44 (d, 1H), 4.41 (t, 2H), 3.96 (d, 5H), 3.60 (dd,

3H), 3.27 (s, 1H), 3.13 (q, 2H), 1.37 (d, 6H), 1.25 (t, 3H).

13
5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(2-(pyridin-3-

yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

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RCl: 3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinoline

(Preparation 46); RNH₂: 2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine. RuPhos Pd G3,

100° C.

HPLC-3; Gradient (% organic): 40-50%

Yellow solid (8.2 mg); LCMS m/z = 489 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ:

10.43 (s, 1H), 9.65-9.58 (m, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.89 (s, 1H), 8.80-8.66 (m,

2H), 8.54 (d, 1H), 7.59 (dd, 1H), 7.46 (d, 1H), 7.32 (d, 1H), 6.45 (d, 1H), 4.42

(t, 2H), 3.99 (t, 2H), 3.62 (dd, 3H),3.32 (s, 1H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 1.38 (d, 6H).

14
N-(2-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-isopropyl-8-(3-

((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

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RCl: 3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinoline

(Preparation 46); RNH₂: 2-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine

(Preparation 1). BrettPhos Pd G3, 100° C.

HPLC-5; Gradient (% organic): 52-62%

Yellow solid (5.5 mg); LCMS m/z = 523 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ:

10.50 (s, 1H), 9.52 (d, 1H), 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.83 (d, 1H), 8.79 (s, 1H), 8.69 (t,

1H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 7.46 (d, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 6.46 (d, 1H), 4.42 (t, 2H), 3.99

(t, 2H), 3.60 (d, 3H),3.51 (s, 1H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 1.37 (d, 6H).

15
N-(2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-isopropyl-8-(3-

((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

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RCl: 3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinoline

(Preparation 46); RNH₂: 2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl)pyrimidin-4-

amine (Preparation 3). CPhos, Pd₂(dba)₃

HPLC-2; Gradient (% organic): 45-55%

Yellow solid (10 mg, 6%. LCMS m/z = 550 [M + H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆)

δ: 10.16 (s, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.89 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, 1H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 7.15 (s,

1H), 7.06 (d, 1H), 6.43 (d, 1H), 4.40 (t, 2H), 4.00-3.96 (m, 6H), 3.59 (t, 3H),

3.02 (s, 3H), 2.81 (s, 2H), 1.86 (t, 2H), 1.32 (d, 6H).

Example 16 and 17
N-(2-((1S,2S)-2-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine and N-(2-((1R,2R)-2-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

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Part 1: A mixture of 3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinoline (Preparation 46, 20.00 mg, 0.057 mmol), Cs₂CO₃(74 mg, 0.227 mmol), 2-(2-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Preparation 25, 10.5 mg, 0.057 mmol), Brettphos Pd G3 (10.3 mg, 0.011 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was stirred for 12 h at 100° C. under N₂. The reaction was then quenched with H₂O (1 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL) and the combined organics evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue purified by silica gel chromatography (20:1 DCM/MeOH) to afford racemic N-(2-(2-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine as a light yellow solid.

Part 2: The compound of Part 1 was purified by chiral-HPLC (Chiralpak IE-3, 4.6×50 mm, 3 mm; 7% MeOH/MTBE (+0.1% DEA)) to afford:

Peak 1 (7 mg) (Example 16). N-(2-((1S,2S)-2-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine or N-(2-((1R,2R)-2-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

LCMS m/z=502 [M+H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.20 (s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.24 (d, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.10 (d, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H), 6.01 (d, 1H), 4.39 (t, 2H), 3.97 (t, 2H), 3.59 (d, 2H), 3.55-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.38 (dd, 1H), 2.12 (s, 1H), 1.41 (s, 1H), 1.33 (d, 7H), 1.24 (s, 1H).

Peak 2 (8 mg) (Example 17). N-(2-((1S,2S)-2-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine or N-(2-((1R,2R)-2-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

LCMS m/z=502 [M+H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.20 (s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.24 (d, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.10 (d, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H), 6.01 (d, 1H), 4.39 (t, 2H), 4.01-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.59 (d, 2H), 3.51 (p, 1H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.38 (dt, 1H), 2.16-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.42 (s, 1H), 1.33 (d, 7H), 1.24 (s, 1H).

Example 18 and 19
(S)-2-(3-((2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-5-yl)propan-1-ol and (R)-2-(3-((2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-5-yl)propan-1-ol

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The title compounds were prepared from 2-(3-chloro-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-5-ylpropan-1-ol (Preparation 45) and 2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Preparation 5) using an analogous method to that described for Example 16 and 17. chiral-HPLC (Chiralpak IE-3, 4.6×50 mm, 3 mm; 50% EtOH/MTBE (+0.1% DEA)) to afford:

Peak 1 (11 mg) (Example 18). (S)-2-(3-((2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-5-yl)propan-1-ol or (R)-2-(3-((2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-5-yl)propan-1-ol

LCMS m/z=508 [M+H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.18 (s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.39-8.29 (m, 2H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.06 (d, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H), 4.89 (s, 1H), 4.39 (t, 2H), 3.95 (d, 5H), 3.69 (s, 1H), 3.58 (d, 4H), 3.30-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.00 (s, 3H), 1.34 (d, 3H).

Peak 2 (12 mg) (Example 19). (S)-2-(3-((2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-5-yl)propan-1-ol or (R)-2-(3-((2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-5-yl)propan-1-ol

LCMS m/z=508 [M+H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.15 (s, 1H), 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.39-8.29 (m, 2H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, 1H), 7.05 (d, 1H), 6.41 (d, 1H), 4.89 (t, 1H), 4.39 (t, 2H), 3.95 (d, 5H), 3.69 (d, 1H), 3.58 (d, 4H), 3.26 (d, 1H), 3.00 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 3H).

Example 20 and 21
5-isopropyl-8-((2R,3S)-2-methyl-3((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine and 5-isopropyl-8-((2S,3R)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amino

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The title compounds were prepared from rac-3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-(2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolone (Preparation 51) and 2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Preparation 4) and XPhos Pd G4 using an analogous method to that described for Example 16 and 17. Chiral-HPLC (Chiralpak IF, 20×250 mm, 5 mm; 20% MeOH/MTBE (10 mM NH₃/MeOH)) to afford:

Peak 1 Yellow Solid (2.9 mg) (Example 20). 5-isopropyl-8-(2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine or 5-isopropyl-8-((2S,3R)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

LCMS m/z=523 [M+H]⁺¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.40 (s, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.80-8.75 (m, 1H), 8.39 (d, 2H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 6.61 (d, 1H), 4.68 (t, 1H), 4.21 (p, 1H), 3.74 (p, 1H), 3.66 (t, 1H), 3.54 (qd, 2H), 3.00 (s, 3H), 2.90 (q, 1H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 1.43 (d, 3H), 1.37 (dd, 6H).

Peak 2 Yellow Solid (3.7 mg) (Example 21). 5-isopropyl-8-((2S,3S)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine or 5-isopropyl-8-((2S,3R)-2-menthyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

LCMS m/z=523 [M+H]^{+ 1}HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.40 (s, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.80-8.75 (m, 1H), 8.39 (d, 2H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 6.61 (d, 1H), 4.68 (t, 1H), 4.21 (p, 1H), 3.74 (p, 1H), 3.66 (t, 1H), 3.54 (qd, 2H), 3.00 (s, 3H), 2.90 (q, 1H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 1.43 (d, 3H), 1.37 (dd, 6H).

Example 22
5-isopropyl-8-((2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine or 5-isopropyl-8-((2S,3R)-2 methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-4-yl) isoquinolin-3-amine

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The title compound was prepared from rac-3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-((2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinoline (Preparation 51) and 2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine and XPhos Pd G4 using an analogous method to that described for Example 16 and 17. Chiral-HPLC (Chiralpak IA-3, 4.6×50 mm, 3 mm; 50% EtOH/(1:1 Hex/DCM (+0.1% DEA)) to afford:

Peak 1 White solid (7 mg). LCMS m/z=503 [M+H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.49 (s, 1H), 9.59 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.80-8.67 (m, 2H), 8.53 (d, 1H), 7.62 (dd, 1H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 7.30 (d, 1H), 6.59 (d, 1H), 4.68 (t, 1H), 4.25-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.50 (m, 4H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 2.88 (q, 1H), 1.46-1.31 (m, 9H).

Example 23
5-isopropyl-N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrmidin-4-yl)-8-((2S,3S)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methy)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine or 5-isopropyl-N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-8-((2S,3R)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

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The title compound was prepared from rac-3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-((2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinoline (Preparation 51); RNH₂: 2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Preparation 5) and XPhos Pd G4 using an analogous method to that described for Example 16 and 17. Chiral-HPLC (Chiralpak IG-3, 4.6×50 mm, 3 mm; 50% EtOH/(1:1 Hex/DCM (+0.1% DEA)) to afford:

Peak 1 White solid (42 mg). LCMS m/z=506 [M+H]⁺¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.80 (s, 1H), 8.40-8.27 (m, 2H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 7.14 (d, 1H), 6.60 (d, 1H), 4.69 (t, J1H), 4.23 (q, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.59 (ddq, 4H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.90 (q, 1H), 1.44 (d, 3H), 1.37 (dd, 6H).

Example 3 and 25
(1r,3r)-3-(4-((5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methylcyclobutan-1-ol and (1s,3s)-3-(4-((5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methylcyclobutan-1-ol

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Part 1. NaBH₄(8.41 mg, 0.222 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-(4-((5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methylcyclobutan-1-one (Example 3, 100 mg, 0.202 mmol) in DCM (1.5 mL) and MeOH (0.5 mL) and the resulting mixture stirred at rt for 1 h under N₂. Additional NaBH₄(8.41 mg, 0.222 mmol) was added and stirring continued for another 1 h. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl and extracted with DCM (+5% MeOH). The combined organics were dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated to dryness in vacuo to afford a yellow solid (34 mg, 34%).

Part 2. The compound of Part 1 was purified by prep-HPLC (Chiralpak IC; 20×250 mm, 5 mm; 50% IPA/(3:1 Hex/DCM (+10 mM NH₃/MeOH))) to afford the title compounds.

Peak 1. (Example 24) (1r,3r)-3-(4-((5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methylcyclobutan-1-ol or (1s,3s)-3-(4-((5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methylcyclobutan-1-ol

White solid (4.8 mg, 4.8%); LCMS m/z=497 [M+H]⁺¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.35 (s, 1H), 9.06-9.02 (m, 1H), 8.73 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 4.98 (d, 1H), 4.57 (t, 2H), 4.22 (dd, 2H), 4.13-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.59 (d, 2H), 3.17 (d, 3H), 3.03-2.93 (m, 4H), 2.02-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.55 (s, 3H), 1.33 (d, 6H).

Peak 2. (Example 25) (1r,3r)-3-(4-((5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methylcyclobutan-1-ol or (1s,3s)-3-(4-((5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2,7-naphthyridin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methylcyclobutan-1-ol

White solid (10.5 mg, 10.5%); LCMS m/z=497 [M+H]⁺¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.35 (s, 1H), 9.06-9.02 (m, 1H), 8.73 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 4.98 (d, 1H), 4.57 (t, 2H), 4.22 (dd, 2H), 4.13-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.59 (d, 2H), 3.17 (d, 3H), 3.03-2.93 (m, 4H), 2.02-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.55 (s, 3H), 1.33 (d, 6H).

Example 26
N′-(2-(3-fluorocyclobutyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine

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The title compound was prepared from 3-chloro-5-isopropyl-8-(3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)azetidin-1-yl)isoquinoline (Preparation 46), 2-(3-fluorocyclobutyl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Preparation 17) and XPhos Pd G4 using an analogous method to that described for Example 16 and 17. Chiral-HPLC (Chiralpak IA, 30×250 mm, 5 mm; 35% EtOH/(3:1 Hex/DCM (+10 mM NH₃/MeOH))) to afford light brown solid (1.3 mg). LCMS m/z=484 [M+H]^{+ 1}HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.23 (s, 11H), 9.09 (s, 11H), 8.79 (s, 11H), 8.32 (d, 11H), 7.43 (d, 11H), 7.19 (d, 11H), 6.43 (d, 11H), 5.14 (dt, 11H), 4.40 (t, 2H), 3.98 (t, 2H), 3.59 (t, 3H), 3.17-3.06 (m, 11H), 2.74 (dd, 4H), 2.85-2.54 (m, 4H), 1.32 (d, 6H).

Table of Compounds prepared by the synthetic methods disclosed above

TABLE 1

Example
Structure

1

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Biological Example 1. Biochemical EGFR Inhibition Assays

Inhibitory effects of the compounds of the disclosure were measured in biochemical assays that measure the phosphorylation activity of EGFR enzyme phosphorylates 2.5 micromolar 5-FAM-EEPLYWSFPAKKK-CONH₂peptide substrate (FL-Peptide 22, PerkinElmer, 760366) in the presence of adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) and varying concentrations of the test compound in 100 mM 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl₂, 0.015% Brij-35, 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 1.0% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Assays were performed at 1.0 mM ATP or at ATP Km of the EGFR enzymes. Reactions proceeded until between 10% to 20% total peptides were phosphorylated at room temperature (25° C.) and were terminated with 35 mM 2,2′,2″,2′″-(ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Product was detected using the Caliper mobility shift detection method where the phosphorylated peptide (product) and substrate were electrophoretically separated and measured. Percent activity was plotted against log concentration of compound and points to generate an apparent IC₅₀. The following enzyme forms of EGFR were examples that were used in these assays:

- EGFR WT (SignalChem, E10-112G)
- EGFR (L858R T790 M C797S) (SignalChem, E10-122VG)
- EGFR (d746-750) T790 M C797S (SignalChem, E10-122UG)
- EGFR L858R (SignalChem, E10-122BG)
- EGFR (d746-750) (SignalChem, E10-122JG)

Biological Example 2. NCI-H1975 pEGFR AlphaLISA Assays

Inhibitory effects of the compounds of the disclosure were evaluated in cellular assays that measure level of intracellular phosphorylation of EGFR in NCI-H1975 cell line that harbors the EGFR L858R T790 M mutations (ATCC, CRL-5908) using AlphaLISA sureFire ultra p-EGFR (Tyr1068) assay kit (PerkinElmer, ALSU-PEGFR-A50K). The NCI-H1975 cells were seeded at 12.5K/well in 22 μL into 384 well opti plate (PerkinElmer, 6007299) and adhering overnight at 37° C./5% CO₂. On the next day, the test compounds and DMSO control were added into H1975 cell plate followed by incubation at 37° C./5% CO₂for 4-5 hours. The cells were then spin down in the 384-well plate and lysed with 10 μL of 1× AlphaLISA lysis buffer followed by shaking at 600 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature. After that, 5 μL of an acceptor bead mix was added to each well followed by incubation at room temperature for 1.5-2 h in dark. Then 5 μL of a donor bead mix was added to each well followed by overnight incubation at room temperature in dark. On the next day, the plate was read at a compatible plate reader to obtain pEGFR signal. Percent of pEGFR inhibition was plotted against log concentration of compounds to generate IC₅₀values.

Biological assay data of the test compounds are provided in Table 2 below. For inhibitory activity against EGFR LRTMCS mutant, the following designations are used: ≤15 nM=A; >15-20 nM=B; >20-30 nM=C; >30-100 nM=D and >100 nM=E. For inhibition of phosphorylation of mutant EGFR in cells: <10 nM=A; >10-20 nM=B; >20-30 nM=C; >30-50 nM=D; and >50 nM=E.

Additional compounds falling within the scope of Formula (I) not disclosed herein were also tested in the assays described in Biological Examples 1 and 2. All of those compounds had inhibitory activity less than 10 micromolar in either assay.

TABLE 2

Tabularized Data:

Ext pEGFR

H1975

GMean

LRTMCS
IC50 (nM)

(PH)
Protocol:

IC50 (nM)
@ Pharmaron

@ 1 mM ATP
AlphaLISA

Example
(Num)
(Num)

1
A
B

2
A
B

3
E
E

4
B
E

5
D
E

6
D
E

7
B
E

8
A
A

9
A
D

10
A
B

11
D
E

12
A
B

13
A
B

14
D
E

15
B
D

16
E
E

17
E
E

18
A
E

19
A
E

20
A
A

21
E
E

22
A
A

23
A
B

24
D
E

25
E
E

26
D
E

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

All publications and patents mentioned herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each individual publication or patent was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

EQUIVALENTS

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following d.

EGFR INHIBITORS

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